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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
1/26
End of Year Revision Spanish
Quien? Quienes? Who? (3rd person, singular or plural
verb)Que? What?
Cuando? When?
Donde? Where?
Por que? Why?
Como? How?
Present tense
You have to remove the ending of the word, such as Amar becomes
Amo if you want to say I love
Person Regular ar Ending
Yo o
Tu as
El/Ella/Usted a
Nosotros/as amos
Vosotros/as ais
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Amar To love Te amo I love you
Andar To walk
Bailar To dance
Buscar To look forCantar To sing I sing - Canto
Comprar To buy
Entrar To enter
Escuchar To listen
Esperar To hope, to waitfor
Estudiar To study
Hablar To speak, talk
Llegar To arrive
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Llevar To wear, carry
Mirar To watch
Pagar To pay
Practicar To practice
Preparer To prepare
Tocar To touch, play
Tomar To take
Trabajar To work
Person Regular er Ending
Yo o
Tu esEl/Ella/Usted e
Nosotros/as emos
Vosotros/as eis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Aprender To learn Yo aprendoBeber To drink
Comer To eat
Cometer To make
Comprender To understand
Correr To run
Creer To believe
Deber To owe
Leer To readMeter To put
Poseer To possess, own
Romper To break
Temer To fear, dread
Vender To sell
Person Regular ir Ending
Yo o
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Tu es
El/Ella/Usted e
Nosotros/as imos
Vosotros/as is
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes en
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Abrir To open Yo abro las vintanas
Admitir To admit
Asistir To attend
Cubrir To cover
Decider To decideDescriber To describe
Descubrir To discover
Discutir To discuss
Escribir To write
Existir To exist
Permitir To permit
Recibir To receive
Subir To climb, go upSufrir To sufer Ella sufre mucho
Unir To unite
Vivir To live
Future Tense
you add them to the ending of the word, like hablar, becomes hablare
if you wana say I will talk
Person Regular ar Ending
Yo e
Tu as
El/Ella/Usted a
Nosotros/as amos
Vosotros/as ais
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Person Regular er Ending
Yo e
Tu as
El/Ella/Usted a
Nosotros/as emos
Vosotros/as eis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an
Person Regular ir Ending
Yo e
Tu as
El/Ella/Usted aNosotros/as imos
Vosotros/as eis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes an
Exceptions to the future tenses
Word Definition Becomes Yes/No
Decir To say DireHacer To do Hare
Poner To put Ponder
Poder To be able Podre
Querer To want Querre
Saber To know Sabre
Salir To go out Saldre
Tener To have Tender
Venir To come vendre
Past Tense
Drop the ar and add the following endings
Person Regular ar Ending
Yo e
Tu aste
El/Ella/Usted o
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Nosotros/as amos
Vosotros/as asteis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes aron
Person Regular er/ir Ending
Yo i
Tu iste
El/Ella/Usted io
Nosotros/as imos
Vosotros/as isteis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes ieron
Present Continuous
For ar verbs: take ofthe ar and add -ando
Phrase Meaning
Estoy Hablando I am talking
For -er/-ir verbs: take ofthe er/-ir and add iendo
Phrase Meaning
Estoy comiendo/viviendo I am talking/living
Word - Tengo
Tuve
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Tuviste
Tuvo
Tuvimos
Tuvisteis
Tuvieron
Reflexive verbs
If theres a word such as Despertarse, you cant change it right now
because it has a se at the end, so you have to remove the arseand put the word such as (Me, Te, se, nos os, se) and then add
the ending to it, so it becomes Me desperto
Person Regular -ar Ending
me o
te as
se a
nos amos
os ais
se an
Person Regular -er Ending
me o
te es
se e
nos imos
os is
se en
General grammar
If noun ends with consonant, add es: actor, actors
If non ends with a vowel, add s: chico, chicos
If noun is borrowed from English, add s or es: club, clubs/clubesIf a noun ends in z, the ending changes to ces: pez, peces
The word for the can be used for many things,
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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With languages (except hablar and estudiar)
With school subjects (except tener)
Used with peoples titles when talking about
them Used with das of the week to mean on day/
days
Lo bueno (the good thing), lo major (the best thing) , lo malo (the bad
thing) , lo peor (the worst thing)
A few adjectives are shortened when they are before a masculine
singular noun
Word Shortened Example
Bueno Buen Hace buen tiempo
Malo Mal Hace mal tiempo
Primero Primer Es su primer libro
Tercero Tercer Vive en el tercer piso
Alguno Algun Hay algun libro aqui?
Ninguno Ningun No, no hay ningun
libro aqui
Grande gran; it is shortened before either a masculine or a femininesingular noun, Hay una gran variedad de platos
The position of the adjective afects its meaning, the common
adjectives go before the noun, bueno, joven, Segundo, proximo,
ultimo
Before the noun After the noun
Pobre Unfortunate Poor
Grande Great Big/tall
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nuevo New (diferent) New (brand new)
Comparison
To say that something or somebody is more or -er you put mas
before the adjective. Than is translated by que:
Laura es mas rica que Juan
Laura is better ofthan Juan
To say that something or somebody is less you put menos before the
adjective again followed by que
Tomas es menos inteligente que Pablo
Tomas is less intelligent than Pablo
To say that something or somebody is as as you use tan +adjective + como
La cathedral es tan Antigua como el CastilloThe cathedral is as old as the castle
To say something or somebody is the most or the est you put thedefinite article (el, la, los, las) before mas + the adjective (but dont
repeat the article if it is already used with the noun immediately before
the adjective):
Nuestro colegio es el mas modern de la ciudad
Our school is the most modern in the town
To put special emphasis on an adjective, you can add ismo/a/os/as
to it. This is a strong way of saying very:
El colegio es aburridismo
School is so boring
La chaqueta es carisima The jacket is incredibly expensive
Deomstrative adjectives (this and that, thse and those) are used with a
noun and must agree with it
Masc singular Fem singular Masc plural Fem plural
Este Esta Estos Estas This/theseEse Esa Esos Esas That/those
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Aquel Aquella Aqeullos Aquellas That/those
Indefinite adjectives
Cada each
Cada dia traja mas
Otro/a another
Tienes otro boligrafo?
Todo/a all
Tiene todo tipo de fruta
Mismo/a same
Lleva la misma chaqueta She is wearing the same jacket
Algun/alguna some, any
Tienes algun amigo que te podria acompanar?
Have you got a friend who could go with you?
Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe actions, you can form them byputting -mente to the feminine form of the adjective
Probable probablemente probably
Facil facilmente easily
Lento lentamente slowly
A list of adverbs:
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Mucho A lot
Poco A little
Bien Well
Mal Badly
Bastante Enough
Algunas veces Sometimes
Muchos veces Often
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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A menudo Frequently
Siempre Always
Aqui Here
Alli There
Ahora Now
Ya already
Phrases and words to learn
Word Definition Example Yes/No
A To
Al To the
De Of, from, about
Del Of the, from the
Por Along, through,
by
En In
Es is
Conmigo With me
Consigo With her/him/her
Ya YetEres You are
Es He/she/it is, oryou formal are
Son They/you are
Nunca Never
Nini Neither this northat
Nadie No one
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Estan They are
Este This
Este (with accent
on E)
This one
Ese That
Ese (with aaccent on E)
That one
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Esto es This is
A causa de Because of
Si If
Sino If not
Si with accent oni
Yes
Tales Such as
Aun even
Aunque Although
Ademas Besides,moreover
Cada Each, every
A veces Sometimes
Quiz fue Perhaps
Propiamente Actually
Hasta siempre Forever
Tal Such (a)
Tan Such (as)
Un tal A certain (object)
Algo Something
Contra Against
Tras AfterA partir de From
Junto a Joined
Junto con Together with
Acordarse de To remember
Mide It measures
Pesa It weighs
Vamos a ver Lets see
Deme Give meJuntos Together
Los Meses del Ano
Spanish Month English Month
Enero January
Febrero Febuary
Marzo March
Abril April
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Mayo May
Junio June
Julio July
Agosto August
Septiembre September
Octubre October
Noviembre November
Diciembre December
Mi familia
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Mi padre My Dad
Mi madre My mother
Mi hermano My brother
Mi Hermana My sister
Mi hermanastro My stepbrother
Mi hermanastra My stepsister
Mi tio My uncle
Mi tia My aunt
Mi primo My cousin
brother
Mi prima My cousin sister
Mi abuelo My grandfather
Mi abuela My grandmother
Mis padres My parents
Mis hermanos My siblings
Mis abuelos My grandparentsEl hijo Son
El hija Daughter
Los hijos The children
El sobrino Nephew
La sobrina Niece
El nieto Grandson
La nieta Granddaughter
El cunado Brother-in-law
El cunada Sister-in-law
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El suegro Father-in-law
La suegro Mother-in-law
El hijo politico Son-in-law
El hija politica Daughter-in-law
El esposo Husband
La esposa Wife
El vecino / la
vecina
neighbour
Los gemelos/
gemelas
Twins
Los parientes relations
Los deportes:
Word Definition Example Yes/No
Futbol Football
Baloncesto Basketball
Tenis Tennis
Natacion Swimming
Voleibol Volleyball
Hockey Hockey
Rugby Rugby
A la pelota vasca Spanish squash
Common questions:
Quien sabe? Who knows?
Cmo? How? (Note: accent)
Que? What?
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Dnde? Where?
Adnde? Where to?
De donde? Where from?
Cuanto? How much?
Cuantos aos? How old?
Cuanto tiempo? How long?
Cuantas? How many?
Cuantas veces? How many times?
Cuando? When?
Cul? Which?
Quin? Who?
Por qu? Why?
Que es? What is?
Sabes? Do you know?
A quin? Whom?
Para quin? For whom?
Con quin? With whom?
De quin? Whose?
Qu? Which?
Cual? which?
Para qu? What for?
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Useful phrases
Al contrario on thecontrary
Ms amargo que bitterer than
O sea que in other words
Ten en cuenta bear in mind/ take account of
De verdad que si yes, definitely
Me voy a llevar Ill have
Ahi va there you are
De acuerdo fine, ok
De muchisima categoria of a very high class
Al mismo tiempo at the same time
Que me conviene that suits me
Vd. dir you tell me
Le he dicho anteriormente I told you before
Le combina todo goes with everything
Pasa Vd. por caja go to the counter
Dentro de ellos amongst these
Puede oscilar can vary
De dos en dos aos every two years
Puesto que since
Claro es que it is obvious that
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Casi almost
Le echo de menos! I miss him!
Qu asco! How gross!
Viva! Hooray
Qu desastre! What a mess!
Me a asco it is disgusting
El ao pasado last year
El ao que viene next year
Ya lo s I know
De modo que so
A m no me importa Im not bothered
De acuerdo OK
Escribime write to me
Lo que hago what I do
Otra vez again
Vaya! what a!
Todo eso all that
Debido a due to
Sin duda without a doubt
Con tal que sea provided that
Hace veinte aos 20 years ago
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Es decir it is to say
De vez en cuando from time to time
Al cabo de; al inicio de at the beginning of
Todava con all the time
Dentro de poco tiempo in a little time
A corto plazo in the short term
Secreto major guardado best kept secret
Al acercarse approaching the
Ya que se trata since he could see
Sin embargo nevertheless
Vale okay
Qu se llevara what will be in fashion
A su rollo her own way
Que no sean that are not
Una racin de a portion of
La misma cancion the same story
Con buen pie on good footing
Creo que s I think so
Creo que no I don't think so
Pienso lo mismo I think so too
Qu piensas o crees? What do you think?
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Qu te parece? What do you think of?
Que opinas tu? What is your opinion?
Que vamos a hacer? What shall we do?
Que pasa? What is going on?
Puede deletrealo? Can you spell it for me?
Qu tiempo hace? What is the weather like?
Lo bueno que The good thing is
Lo malo que The bad thing is
Estas en tu casa! Make yourself at home!
Al otro lado de On the other side of
No tenerlo not to have
Ademas de On top of all this
Que no pueden unable to
Por primera vez for the first time
En primer lugar in the first place
A principios de at the beginning of
En medio de in the middle of
Sin duda without a doubt
A precio fijo at a fixed price
A gran distancia at a great distance
Por lo menos at least
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A lo major probably
Por lo tanto therefore
Por lo visto apparently
La mar de bien Very well
Lo interesante qe What is interesting is that
Desde lo alto de la colina from the top of a hill
Es lo de siempre It is the same old story.
Siento lo occurido I am sorry about what has happened.
Miro lo rapido que corre! Look how fast he is running!
Has visto lo cansada que esta? Have you seen how tired she is?
Expressions
Qu tonto! how silly!
Qu sorpresa! what a surprise!
Qu triste! how sad!
Qu maravilla! how wonderful!
Qu susto! how scary!
Qu aburrido! how boring!
Qu chulas! how cool!
Salud! bless you
Vocabulary (back of the book)
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7/30/2019 IB Spanish Year 12 Notes
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Word Definition Example Yes/No
Soy I am
Eres You are
Es He/she is
Somos We are
Ser To be
Sois You (pl.) are
Son They are
Me llamo My name is
Te llamas Your name is
Se llama His/her name is
Amigo Boy
Amiga Girl
Vivir To live
Tener To Have
Buenos Dias Good morning
Buenos tardes Good evening/
afternoonBuenos Nachoes Good night
Hasta luego Goodbye/seeyou
Hasta la vista Goodbye/seeyou
Un Caballo Horse
Un gato Cat
Un pez Fish
Un conejo Rabbit
Un perro Dog
Un payaro Bird
Un tortuga Turtle
Un raton Rat
Australia Australia
Escocia Scotland
Espana SpainEstados Unidos United States
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Gales Wales
Inglaterra England
Irlanda Ireland
Jamacia Jamacia
Mexico Mexico
Nigeria Nigeria
Paquistan Pakistan
Grande Big
Pequeno/a Small
Alto Tall
Bajo Short
De talla mediano Medium sizeBlanco/a White
Moreno Dark
Negro Black
Rubio Fair
Pelinojo Red-headed
Bastante Quite
Gordo Fat
Bonito/a Good looking
Feo/a Ugly
Delgado Thin
Hablo Language, speak
Aleman German
Catalan Catalan
Espanol Spanish
Frances French
Gales Welsh
Ingles English
Italiano Italian
Amarillo/as Yellow
Azul Blue
Blanco/as White
Negro/as Black
Gris GreyMarron Brown
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Rojo Red
Verde Green
Azules Blue
El Pelo HairCastano Brown hair El pelo castano
Negro Black hair
Pelirrojo Red hair
Rubio Fair hair
Corto Short
Largo Long
Liso Straight
Andulado WavyRizado Curly
Los Ojos Eyes
Azules Blue Los ojos azules
Barba Beard Llevo barbra
Llovo Took
Bigote Moustache
Gafas Glasses
Lleva He/she wears
Fantasmas Ghost
Veces At times
Cada dia Each day
Biblioteca Library
Salir To go outRegalos Gifts
Vintanas The windows
Por la manana In the morning
Por la tarde After morning /
evening
Por la noche At night
Days of the week
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Word Definition Example Yes/No
Lunes Monday
Martes Tuesday
Miercoles Wednesday
Jueves Thursday
Viernes Friday
Sabado Saturday
Domingo Sunday
Places in your house
Word Definition Example Yes/No
La cocina Kitchen
El salon Living room
El dormitorio Bedroom
La terraza Terrace
El garaje Garage
El jardin Garden
El comedor Dining room
El (cuarto de)bano
Bathroom
El despacho Oce
El aseo Toilet
El pasilo Hallway
La escalera Stairs
El armario Cupboard
Las estanterias Self
La mesa Table
La silla Chair
La cama Bed
La lampara Lamp
El ordenador Computer
La puerta Door
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La television Tv
El equipo de
musica
Music system
la paved Wall
La alfombra CarpetLas cortinas Curtains
El norte North
El este East
El sor South
El oeste West
La costa Coast
El campo The countryside
La ciudad The city
Las aferas The outskirts
Arriba Upstairs
Se despierta She wakes up
Se levanta She gets up
Una entrada A hall
Un balcon A balcony
Un laradero Utility room
Delante Infront
Detras Behind
Encima On top
Debajo Underneath
Al lado Beside
A la derecha To the right of
A la izquierda To the left of
Entre Between
Escritorio Desk
Butaca Arm chair
Privado Private place
Cansado Tired
Persianas Blinds
Es pejo Mirror
El tocador Dressing table
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De lavabo Wash basin
Mesilla Side table
Reloj Watch
Tranquilo Calm
La ciencias de
orderadores
Computer
science
Los empreariales Business
La economia Economics
La fisica Physics
La quimica Chemistry
La biologia Biology
La teoria de
conormiento
TOK
El dibujo Art
Odiar To hate
Odio I hate
Fuiste I went
To stay alojarse
I stayed me aloje
El extranjero abroad
E is always followed by a
So Donde fuiste a comer?
Voy
Vas
Va
Vamos
Vais
Van
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