IBM, Big Data, and Sustainability - Wharton IGEL€¦ · The analysis of “big data” allows...

IBM Corporate Environmental Affairs 1

Wayne Balta

Vice President, Environmental Affairs & Product Safety

IBM Corporation

IBM, Big Data, and Sustainability University of Pennsylvania

Wharton Initiative for Global Environmental Leadership March 27, 2014


Overview

IBM – A Brief Background A Smarter Planet, Big Data, Analytics Challenges for Sustainability Cities

Water

Food

IBM Watson & Cognitive Computing


IBM is a Values Based Enterprise

IBM integrates technology with business acumen for solutions that enable forward-thinking enterprises, institutions, and people everywhere to succeed on a smarter planet.

Technology is broad -- including not only I/T hardware, software, and

services but also diverse innovations and inventions across analytics, mobile, and social systems of engagement.

Business acumen extends across all global industry sectors as well as the

operations of governments.


IBM’s 2013 Revenue: $99.8 Billion

430,000 employees serving clients in more than 170 countries


Longstanding Commitment to Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability

IBM’s “founding family” – the Watsons – were visionaries Thomas J. Watson, Jr., during the 1960s:

“We accept our responsibilities as a corporate citizen in community, national and world affairs; we serve our interests best when we serve the public interest.... We want to be at the forefront on those companies which are working to make our world a better place."


Today We are Witnessing Huge Innovations in Information

These Innovations Can Promote Sustainability

• A Smarter Planet

• Big Data

• Analytics


The bad news:

The way the world works isn’t smart enough to be sustainable.

The good news:

The signs of a smarter planet are everywhere.


Organizations around the world are turning “too much data” into better decisions.


The walls between companies and customers are disappearing.


So are the walls between technologies, industries and even fields of expertise.


And while computers are thinking and acting more like people…


…people — along with homes, roads, farms, waterways and countless other systems — continue to be enriched with new levels of computing power.


The Defining Attributes of A Smarter Planet are as Relevant and Real Today as When IBM Identified Them in 2008

Instrumented We have the ability to measure, sense, and see the exact condition of everything.

Interconnected People, systems, and objects can communicate and interact with each other in entirely new ways.

Intelligent We can respond to changes quickly and accurately, and get better results by predicting and optimizing for future events.

These attributes arise from a foundation of data


Data Represents Both an Opportunity and a Challenge

“We have for the first time an economy based on a key resource [Information] that is not only renewable, but self-generating. Running out of it is not a problem, but drowning in it is” -- John Naisbitt

1 in 3 business leaders don’t trust the information they use to make decisions

90% of the world’s data are unstructured

Veracity – Data in Doubt

30 Billion RFID sensors and counting

Variety – Data in Many Forms

Volume – Data at Rest

40 Zettabytes worth of data will exist by 2020

Velocity – Data in Motion


A Closer Look at the Four Vs of Big Data

Volume

40 ZETTABYTES (43 Trillion Gigabytes) of data will be created by 2020, a 300X Increase from 2005

It's estimated that 2.5 QUINTILLION BYTES (2.3 Trillion Gigabytes) of data are created each day

6 BILLION PEOPLE have cell phones

Most companies in the U.S. have at least 100 TERABYTES (100,000 Gigabytes) of stored data

Velocity

The New York Stock Exchange captures 1 TB OF TRADE INFORMATION each trading session

It is projected there will be 18.9 BILLION NETWORK CONNECTIONS by 2016

Close to 100 SENSORS monitor items such as fuel level and tire pressure in modern cars

Variety

Veracity

4 BILLION+ HOURS OF VIDEO are watched on YouTube each month

30 BILLION PIECES OF CONTENT are shared on Facebook every month

420 MILLION WEARABLE, WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORS are expected to be in use in 2014

150 EXABYTES (161 Billion Gigabytes) The estimated size of healthcare data globally in 2011

1 IN 3 BUSINESS LEADERS don't trust the information they use to make decisions

Poor data quality costs the US economy around $3.1 TRILLION A YEAR

27% OF RESPONDENTS in one survey

were unsure how much of their data was inaccurate


But while Systems of Engagement plus Systems of Record enable Systems of Insight …

… we must transform data and information into knowledge along the way


Analytics: Extracting Knowledge from Data

The analysis of “big data” allows people to detect patterns, glean insights, and make better and faster decisions. By using advanced techniques such as text analytics, machine

learning, predictive analytics, data mining, and natural language processing … organizations of all kinds can leverage previously untapped

sources of data on their own or in concert with existing data across their enterprise to remake and improve the fundamental ways they operate.


So What About Sustainability?

We need to optimize interdependent and competing needs across our world’s economic, environmental, and social spheres …

… while the world’s current population of 7.2 billion increases by another

billion over the next 12 years. There are plenty of challenges. Here are a few fundamental ones:

– Cities

– Water

– Food


Cities



The degree of ICT adoption affects the attractiveness of

a region’s business environment

Communications

Greater commerce and growth increases the use of transport infrastructure

Energy is the reason for a substantial part of all water

withdrawals

Water quality affects the health of all community

members

Human capital determines speed of

ICT adoption

Business

Energy & Utilities

Water

Citizens

Transport

Commuting affects quality of life

Transportation is one of the primary consumers of

energy demand

Industry accounts for a large proportion of water

withdrawals

Cities: “System of Systems” with Separate But Interconnected Challenges


With Open Data, Infrastructure and City Performance Can Become a Consumer Play

Roads • Traffic data, journey times, road-vehicle

interactions • Road pricing - static and dynamic • Dynamic parking pricing, parking space search • Plugshare - electric car recharging points

Mass Transit • Bus timings and locations • On-line travel bookings

Environment • Detection and alerts of air and

water pollution • “Whistle-blowing” on damage to

the environment

Energy • Smart meters; consumers track consumption • Local energy generation (rooftops)

integrated with the grid

Maintenance • Phone apps - Fixmystreet.com,

Seeclickfix.com, also several homegrown alternatives created by local governments

Public Safety • Community crime mapping

and reporting

All • Spending data, even citizen budgeting • League tables of performance, citizen

satisfaction

Water • Smart meters, consumers track consumption • Support for localized water treatment and

recycling (remote quality assurance)


Promoting Individual Citizen Participation in Smarter Cities

Solutions for Instrumenting People

(i) Select Citizens select what type of

urban event they want to report

(ii) Collect A mobile application provides a reporting interface containing

picture, location, classification, and annotation.

(ii) Report and analyse The report is uploaded to a server and then

submitted to a series of analytics components that derive relevant information from the citizens’

reports.


Water


Stress on Water Resources Impacts Essential Dimensions of Our Lives


Water Also Suffers From Insufficient and Poor Infrastructure

Source: American Water Works Association 2006, OECD 2009, Agici Finanza d’Impresa 2008, China's Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development 2011, Parliament of Australia, MIT Sloan 2011, African Development Bank Group 2008, Water World, ITT Corp 2010, ANA Brazil 2011, Siemans 2007, Johnson Foundation at Wingspread 2011, ASCE 2009

In the US 1.7 trillion gallons lost annually from

leakages; $330bn investment

needed over next 20 years to replace aging pipes and

treatment plants

South Africa losing up to 35% of its water supply due to

leakages and failure to pay.

6 bn cubic meters of water lost through

leaking pipes every year in China;

$128bn investment by 2015 to address inadequate water

infrastructure

Ageing pipe system in Italy creates annual losses for

operators of €3.9-5.2 billion

France needs +20% investment in water

infrastructure by 2030 to maintain current services

Brazil needs to invest $42 billion in water & sanitation infrastructure between 2011 and 2015 to

guarantee supplies to cities and treat waste

700m litres of water per day

lost due to leakages and

illegal connections in

Mumbai

$4-8bn: cost for wastewater projects to reduce flow of nitrogen into area bays and ponds on Cape Cod

3.4bn litres of water leakage daily: 26-40% of total supply in the UK

Average leakage rate in Latin American cities is 35%


Smarter Water Management Enables More Efficient and Effective Management of Water Resources

Source: IBM

Data

Analytics

Decisions

Integration

Real-time data analysis, visualization, and prediction generate insight on water consumption, supply, distribution, and the need for maintenance or rehabilitation.

Better manage supply, demand, storage, distribution, and treatment. Improve budgeting, forecasting, and emergency response. Eliminate previously unseen waste. Enable increased access.

Data on water supply and demand collected from sensors and smart meter systems across industrial, utility, and environmental networks. So is data on the condition of infrastructure.

Foster improved collaboration among multiple stakeholders by enabling access to shared data on a common platform.


Food

IBM Corporate Environmental Affairs 29 4/3/2014

Smarter Agriculture means: • enabling end-to-end visibility across the global supply chain through more connected,

instrumented and intelligent systems that provide more and better knowledge across the global web of input suppliers, growers, shippers, processers and retailers

So that: • resources are managed more efficiently and sustainably • people have more confidence in the quality and safety of their food • agricultural productivity increases • the world can be fed

Smarter Agriculture Involves Innovative Use of Technology to Improve Food Science, Safety, Sustainability, Production, and Distribution


Watering

70% of fresh water consumption worldwide is driven by agriculture.

Smarter decisions about watering = big impact

Pictures of fields taken from satellites can be coupled with predictive weather modeling (IBM Deep Thunder) to pinpoint conditions 48 hours in advance and make smarter decisions about watering crops

Precision Agriculture via Data & Analytics Is Smarter Agriculture Precision Agriculture

The traditional approach requires following a set schedule for planting, fertilizing, watering, and harvesting.

Precision Agriculture changes the traditional approach by using data and predictive analytics to make smarter decisions.

Data for Precision Agriculture is collected in real-time from sensors in the soil, air, and crops and augmented with weather forecasts.

Crop Maintenance & Fertilizing

Decisions are time sensitive and weather dependent

Rain = Bad time to fertilize as rain washes away fertilizer

No Rain = Good time to fertilize and irrigate

Transportation & Distribution

The logistics of transporting harvested food to distribution centers are crucial to avoid waste

Goods must be transported at right temperature and kept only as long as needed

Enhance with track & trace

Crop Analytics

Control centers collect and process data in real time to drive smarter decisions across the crop lifecycle

Planting & Sensing

Seeds are placed in the ground

Sensors placed throughout the fields are used to measure temperature and humidity of the soil and surrounding air.


IBM WATSON and Cognitive Computing

IBM’s Watson represents a first step into cognitive systems, a new era of computing.

Watson builds on the current era of programmatic computing but also

differs in significant ways. Natural language processing - to help understand the complexities

of Big Data – unstructured data which makes up as much as 90% of the data in the world today

Hypothesis generation and evaluation - by applying advanced analytics to weight and evaluate a panel of responses based on only relevant evidence

Evidence-based learning - to improve based on outcomes to get smarter with each iteration and interaction


IBM’s Project Lucy IBM announced in February 2014 a 10-year, 100 million initiative to

bring Watson and other cognitive systems to Africa to address a host of challenges hampering inclusive and sustainable

economic development, and spur business opportunities across the African continent


Watson & Lucy: Solving Sustainability Challenges IBM researchers in Africa, along with business and academic partners,

will use Watson to leverage its cognitive technologies to generate insight from big data and develop solutions relating to: Water and sanitation Agriculture Human mobility Infrastructure Healthcare

In addition, to build an ecosystem around Watson, IBM will also

establish a new pan-African Center of Excellence for Data-Driven Development (CEDD) Enabling research partners such as universities, development

agencies, start-ups and clients in Africa and around the world to participate in this initiative


The Latest on Watson

IBM Watson Group (January 2014) IBM formed a new business unit focusing on development and

research and bringing to market cognitive applications and services: Watson Analytics: delivers visualized Big Data insights based on

questions posed in natural language by user. Watson Explorer: helps users uncover and share data-driven insights

more easily and enables the faster launch of Big Data initiatives faster. $100 million for venture investments to support IBM’s recently

launched Watson Developer Cloud

The IBM Watson Mobile Developer Challenge (February 2014) A first of its kind, global competition to encourage developers to create

mobile consumer and business apps powered by Watson and spread cognitive computing apps into the marketplace


A Concluding Question:

What would you do with Watson?


Wayne Balta

Vice President Environmental Affairs & Product Safety

IBM Corporation

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