ICA Version 9 - Fujitsu1 Lesson 1 Introduction to SOA Overview Interstage is a suite of middleware...

Version 9 Course Book

Version 2.1

Copyright © Fujitsu Limited 2004 – 2008.

All Rights Reserved.

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Disclaimer All due care has been taken to ensure that this document is as complete and accurate as possible. However the information provided within is on an “as is” basis. Fujitsu accepts no responsibility to any person or entity with respect to loss or damages arising from the information contained in this document

Copyright All Rights Reserved. Copyright © Fujitsu Limited 2004-2008.

Trademarks The following are registered trademarks of the companies mentioned:

• Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries.

• Linux is a trademark or registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S.A. and other countries.

• ORACLE is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.

• UNIX is a registered trademark of the Open Group in the U.S.A. and other countries.

• Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

• Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 and Windows XP are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the US and other countries.

• Sun, Sun Microsystems, Solaris and all trademarks relating to Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries, and are used under license from Sun Microsystems, Inc.

In this document, Solaris Operating Environment is abbreviated as “Solaris OE”.

The system names and product names that appear in this document may not always be accompanied by a trademark indicator (™, ®).

All other company names and product names appearing in this document are the trademarks or registered trademarks of the companies concerned.

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Table of Contents Disclaimer ....................................................................................................... ii Copyright ........................................................................................................ ii Trademarks ..................................................................................................... ii

Fujitsu Middleware Certification Program ..................................................... vii Interstage Associate Certification Program ................................................... vii Interstage Professional Certification Program ............................................... vii Other Product-related Certification Programs ............................................... vii

Course Overview ............................................................................................. viii Purpose ....................................................................................................... viii Product Versions ......................................................................................... viii

Lesson 1 Introduction to SOA........................................................................... 1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 1 Lesson Objective ............................................................................................ 1 The Challenge for Businesses Today ............................................................. 1 From EAI to SOA ............................................................................................ 2 Key Aspects of Service Orientation ................................................................. 3 SOA Objectives .............................................................................................. 3 Enterprise SOA Architecture ........................................................................... 4

First-Generation Web Services .................................................................. 5 Second-Generation Web Services ............................................................. 6 Service-Oriented Layers ............................................................................ 7 SOA Components ...................................................................................... 8

SOA Governance .......................................................................................... 12 Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 13 For Further Reading ...................................................................................... 13

Lesson 2 Introduction to Interstage ............................................................... 14 Overview ....................................................................................................... 14 Lesson Objective .......................................................................................... 14 History of Interstage ...................................................................................... 15

Interstage Version 1-Version 3 ................................................................. 15 Interstage Version 4 ................................................................................. 16 Interstage Version 5 ................................................................................. 16 Interstage Version 6 ................................................................................. 17 Interstage Version 7 ................................................................................. 18 Interstage Version 8 ................................................................................. 18 Interstage Version 9 ................................................................................. 18

Interstage V9 Overview ................................................................................. 19 SOA Integrated Development Environment (IDE) .................................... 20 SOA Management and Governance ........................................................ 20 User Interaction ....................................................................................... 21 SOA Business Process Management ...................................................... 22 SOA Service Layers ................................................................................. 22

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SOA Foundation ...................................................................................... 23 Additional Products .................................................................................. 24 Enterprise System Management .............................................................. 24

Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 25

Lesson 3 Interstage Business Process Manager .......................................... 26 Overview ....................................................................................................... 26 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 26 Introduction to BPM and Interstage Business Process Manager ................... 27

A Process-Driven Approach to SOA ........................................................ 27 Complete Process Life Cycle Control ....................................................... 27 A Human- and System-centric Approach ................................................. 27 The Benefits of Business Process Management ...................................... 29

Interstage Business Process Manager Features ........................................... 30 Browser-based Process Modeling Environment ....................................... 30 Modular, Standards-based Architecture ................................................... 30 Full Analytics and Process Simulation ..................................................... 31 Broad Administration and Notification Capabilities ................................... 31

Architectural Overview .................................................................................. 31 Interstage Business Process Manager Advanced Edition ........................ 33

Interstage Business Process Manager Studio ............................................... 34 Summary of Features and Benefits ............................................................... 36 Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 38

Lesson 4 Interstage Service Integrator .......................................................... 39 Overview ....................................................................................................... 39 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 39 Introduction to Interstage Service Integrator ................................................. 40

Product information .................................................................................. 40 Key Benefits ............................................................................................. 41

Features ....................................................................................................... 42 Mediation ................................................................................................. 43 Linkage with Other Systems .................................................................... 44 Development Environment (ISI Studio) .................................................... 45 Operation Management ........................................................................... 46 Common Interface ................................................................................... 47 High Reliability ......................................................................................... 48

Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 49

Lesson 5 Interstage Application Server ......................................................... 50 Overview ....................................................................................................... 50 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 50 Introduction to Interstage Application Server ................................................ 51

Benefits .................................................................................................... 52 New Features/Improvements in Version 9 ............................................... 52 Product Editions ....................................................................................... 53

Features ....................................................................................................... 55 Support for Open Standards/Technologies .............................................. 55 J2EE and CORBA Technologies ............................................................. 55

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Systems Integration ................................................................................. 57 System Performance and Reliability ........................................................ 57 Security .................................................................................................... 60

Lesson 6 CentraSite ........................................................................................ 63 Overview ....................................................................................................... 63 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 63 Introduction to CentraSite ............................................................................. 64 Product Editions ............................................................................................ 65 CentraSite Key Benefits ................................................................................ 67

Leveraging Open Standards to Facilitate Re-use ..................................... 67 Creating a Flexible, Collaborative SOA Environment ............................... 67 Facilitating Safe Change Management .................................................... 68

Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 69

Lesson 7 Interstage XWand ............................................................................ 70 Overview ....................................................................................................... 70 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 70 Introduction ................................................................................................... 71

Issues with paper-based reporting ........................................................... 72 Interstage XWand ......................................................................................... 72

Benefits .................................................................................................... 72 Features .................................................................................................. 74 Interstage XWand Editions ...................................................................... 77 Interstage XWand Components ............................................................... 78

Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 85

Lesson 8 Interstage Studio ............................................................................. 86 Overview ....................................................................................................... 86 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 86 Introduction ................................................................................................... 87 Product Editions ............................................................................................ 88 Interstage Studio ........................................................................................... 88

Industry standard Workbench .................................................................. 89 Web Application Development ................................................................. 89 EJB Component Development ................................................................. 92 Web Service Application Development (SOAP) ....................................... 93 Java Component Development ................................................................ 94 CORBA Application Development ............................................................ 95 Seamless Linkage to Application Server .................................................. 96 Operating Environment Resource Deployment ........................................ 96 Debug Environments ............................................................................... 97 Runtime Environment Expansion ............................................................. 97

Lesson Review ............................................................................................. 98

Lesson 9 Technologies ................................................................................... 99 Overview ....................................................................................................... 99 Lesson Objectives......................................................................................... 99

J2EE ...................................................................................................... 100

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Business Process Management Technologies ....................................... 101 XML ....................................................................................................... 102 XBRL ..................................................................................................... 103 SOA Technologies ................................................................................. 105 CORBA .................................................................................................. 106 Security .................................................................................................. 107

Lesson Review ........................................................................................... 108

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Fujitsu Middleware Certification Program The Fujitsu Middleware Certification Program provides an independent certification process through which individuals can sit for exams to certify that they have reached a certain level of understanding and competence in Fujitsu Middleware products and technologies.

Fujitsu offers two certification levels for Interstage; the Associate and the Professional levels.

Interstage Associate Certification Program This program is designed to provide participants with an understanding of the Interstage concepts, its component software, and the product deliverables. This knowledge will allow participants to identify opportunities for deployment of Interstage solutions during bid situations and other customer engagements. It will also help participants understand the consequent advantages to customers and the benefits to support staff.

In order to assess their comprehension of Interstage, participants may take an examination. Successful candidates will be awarded the Interstage Certified Associate qualification. To achieve certification, participants will need a sound knowledge of the various Interstage products, their features, the functionalities and technologies used within each product, and the benefits each product provides.

Associate level certification is required before moving on to the Interstage Professional Certification Program.

Interstage Professional Certification Program The Interstage Professional Certification Program is the specialist level certification. It is intended for System Architects and for technical staff providing Operational Managed Services.

Professional Certification builds on the knowledge obtained through the Interstage Associate Certification Program. Successful candidates will need to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of Interstage.

Other Product-related Certification Programs There are other product-related Associate and Professional certification program that have been developed by other companies within the Fujitsu Group. One example is the Systemwalker Certified Associate program.

Details of all available Fujitsu Middleware Certification Programs are provided at Fujitsu’s Middleware Certification Program website.1

1 http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/software/mwcer/

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Course Overview Interstage is a platform for business collaboration designed to support new business activities such as software development, execution and monitoring, and, content and process management.

Note: Although Interstage comprises a suite of products, that suite will be referred to as Interstage throughout this course.

Purpose The Interstage Associate Certification Program is a self-study course designed for technical staff involved in designing, building or operating and maintaining customer solutions. It may also be of relevance to other staff members, such as sales staff, who wish to gain a broad understanding of Interstage.

The course will provide you with a basic understanding of:

• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and its associated technologies;

• What Interstage is, its component software, and the features and benefits those components provide for SOA; and

• How Interstage can be used to solve typical (and atypical) software development-related issues.

Once you have completed the course you may take the Interstage Certified Associate exam. Details of how to do this are provided at Fujitsu’s Middleware Certification Program website:2

Successful candidates will be awarded the Interstage Certified Associate qualification.

Product Versions The following list indicates the version number of each Interstage product on which the information in this course book was based.

Interstage Business Process Manager V8

Interstage Service Integrator V9

Interstage Application Server V9

CentraSite V2

Interstage Studio V9

Interstage XWand V9

2 http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/software/mwcer/procedure.html

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Lesson 1 Introduction to SOA

Overview Interstage is a suite of middleware products ready for Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). This chapter focuses on a high-level description of SOA, its objectives, and architecture.

SOA is about helping companies apply reusability and flexibility that can lower cost in the long term leading to increased revenue, and gain a sustainable competitive advantage through technology. It is an evolution, not a revolution.

Lesson Objective This lesson introduces the following concepts:

• The Challenge for Businesses Today

• From Enterprise Application Integration EAI to SOA

• Key Aspects of Service Orientation

• SOA Objectives

• Enterprise SOA Architecture

• SOA Governance

The Challenge for Businesses Today In every business, executives at all levels want to reduce costs, improve quality, and respond more quickly to opportunities. Business processes require fundamental changes in order to keep up with the move towards e-commerce, market globalization, and internet-speed business transactions. In order to compete and survive, businesses must build their computing infrastructure in such a way that it can facilitate the development of B2B communications, enterprise portals, and component-based applications.

Most enterprises are burdened with a large and disparate set of computer platforms and software applications which are linked through ad hoc mechanisms. This is a result of decades of computer applications being developed at different times using constantly evolving technologies.

This diversity of application architectures and technology creates barriers to the efficient capture, communication and management of information, and locks the enterprise into outdated business practices and organization structures.


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The increase in popularity and use of the Internet has created additional challenges by increasing the role of information systems in the survival of most businesses. Additionally, globalization demands have highlighted the need for increased responsiveness, quality and efficiency.

To meet these demands, knowledge workers must learn to apply technologies and help integrate software applications so that today's enterprises can achieve their objectives.

There is also a trend to construct systems based on more worldwide accepted standards and less on sole-vendor solutions— typified by the previous waves of computer technology: IBM-only hardware, or Microsoft-only software.

From EAI to SOA For the last decade, the IT world has been focusing on the Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) paradigm. EAI involves the use of internet-related and other technologies to capture and transform data, as well as to integrate business processes and applications.

EAI allowed disparate technologies to be integrated in the enterprise through the creation of “hubs” that eliminated the previously used point-to-point ad-hoc models. Although this approach solved a number of problems, it introduced its own set of problems.

Because EAI mapped between different protocols and schemas the issue of inconsistent data definitions appeared, which then gave rise to duplication of software processes. EAI achieved some decoupling between the integrated systems, but it didn’t reduce all dependencies, and resulted in wasted time and effort. Additionally, these interfaces were not flexible to change. A more dynamic approach was needed.

The new requirements for true interoperability are:

• Alignment of the business operations, business processes, and technologies to support the business requirements;

• Common understanding of the data model; and

• The need to be independent of specific technologies.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is the next evolutionary step after EAI. SOA meets these new requirements by going one step further than EAI through the concept of service orientation.

SOA represents an implementation-independent paradigm, a distinct approach for separating concerns. Service orientation breaks IT problems into building blocks that are easy to assemble, configure and reconfigure. These building blocks are called services, and they are organized into a layered architecture.


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Key Aspects of Service Orientation Some of the key aspects of service-orientation principles are the following:

• Loose coupling The use of services minimizes dependencies between services and retains just an awareness of other services. An important aspect of loose coupling is that the component services and the plumbing (the basic instructions for how the pieces interact with each other) are deliberately separated so that the service itself has no code related to managing the computing environment. Because of this separation, components can be bound together dynamically in real time and will behave as if they were a single, tightly coupled application. The basic unit of communication is a message, rather than an operation.

• Service contract Services adhere to a communications agreement, as defined collectively by one or more service descriptions and related documents.

• Autonomy Services have control over the logic they encapsulate.

• Abstraction Beyond what is described in the service contract, services hide logic from the outside world.

• Reusability Logic is divided into services with the intention of promoting reuse.

• Composability Collections of services can be coordinated and assembled to form composite services.

• Statelessness A service is invoked each time it is required. Only information relating to the current activity is therefore retained by a service.

• Discoverability Services are designed to be outwardly descriptive so that they can be found and accessed via available discovery mechanisms.

SOA Objectives SOA is at the core of the service-oriented computing platform. Some of the primary characteristics and goals of SOA are the following:

• Increase in the quality of service: secure, transactional, reliable, performance.

• Provides fundamentally autonomous systems: using composite, self-reliant services.

• Based on open standards: such as SOAP, WSDL, XML, and XML Schema.

• Supports vendor diversity: organizations may choose best-of-breed environments for specific applications.


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• Fosters intrinsic interoperability between disparate technology platforms.

• Promotes advertisement and discovery of services.

• Promotes federation: Establishes and standardizes the ability to encapsulate legacy and non-legacy applications by exposing a common, open, standard framework..

• Promotes architectural composability: business processes are composed of services that can perform a portion of the process.

• Fosters inherent reusability: services can be reused.

• Emphasizes extensibility: functionality may be extended without breaking the established interface.

• Supports a service-oriented business modeling paradigm: business processes are represented and expressed through services.

• Implements layers of abstraction: services are positioned as the sole access points to a variety of resources and processing logic.

• Promotes loose coupling throughout the enterprise: services only require an awareness of the other, allowing each domain to evolve more independently.

• Promotes organizational agility: tight dependencies of technology platforms could impose disruption and expense, as well as difficulty in coping with unplanned changes and events. Service abstraction and loose coupling of service layers offer the potential to increase organizational agility.

• Promotes a building block approach to building systems: business processes can be composed as services within services

• An evolution: SOA builds on the successful characteristics of its predecessors with distinct design patterns and a new technology set.

• An achievable ideal: considerable effort, discipline and time are required to adopt SOA enterprise-wide, nevertheless it is achievable today.

Enterprise SOA Architecture The whole point of SOA is to make a business more manageable, more flexible, and more responsive to change. In the process of developing a software architecture based on SOA, the technology has gone through several steps of refinement:

• First-generation Web services

• Second-generation (WS-*) Web Services

• Service-Oriented Layers

• SOA Components


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First-Generation Web Services The concept of Web Services is based on the idea of creating a pure, Web-based, distributed technology that can leverage the concept of a standardized communications framework to bridge the enormous disparity that existed between and within organizations.

First-generation Web Services rely on the following technologies:

• XML for data representation

• SOAP as a mechanism for message exchange

• WSDL for registering services

• UDDI for discovering services

eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is used to represent data in a standardized manner. This facilitates the adding of meaning and context to any piece of information transmitted across internet protocols. WSDL, UDDI, and SOAP are XML technologies.

The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is used as a wrapper for messages exchanged between Web Services. It was originally designed to unify (and in some cases replace) proprietary RPC communication.

The Web Service Description Language (WSDL) is used to publish the capabilities (public interface) of a Web Service. This information is crucial to assign its identity and to enable its invocation.

Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) provides the potential for Web services to be registered in a central location, from where they can be discovered by service requestors.

Figure 1 - First-Generation Web Services model


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Second-Generation Web Services Second-generation Web Services are known as WS-* extension (or WS-* stack) technologies, which are now considered as open standards, and were developed collaboratively by the industry. These technologies are focused on message composition and coordination. Some fundamental WS-* extensions are described in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Second-Generation Web Services

Web Service Description

WS-Coordination a sophisticated context management system that may be leveraged by WS-BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)

WS-Addressing a collection of message header elements that can supplement a message with routing-related meta-information.

WS-ReliableMessaging introduces critical quality of service features for the guaranteed delivery or failure notification of SOAP messages.

WS-Policy an extensible policy definition framework that allows services to communicate rules and preferences in relation to security, processing, or message content.

WS-MetadataExchange a means by which service description documents can be requested and supplied.

WS-Security provides extensions that can be used to implement message-level security measures.


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Source: “Enterprise Service Computing”, Qiu

Figure 2 - Second-generation SOA: WS-* extensions

Service-Oriented Layers Business logic is a documented implementation of the business requirements that originate from an enterprise's business areas. Business logic is generally structured into processes that express these requirements, along with any associated constraints, dependencies, and outside influences.

Application logic is an automated implementation of business logic organized into various technology solutions. Application logic expresses business process workflows through purchased or custom-developed systems within the confines of an organization's IT infrastructure, security constraints, technical capabilities, and vendor dependencies.

Service-orientation applies to enterprise logic. It introduces new concepts that augment the manner in which this logic is represented, viewed, modeled, and shared. Services establish a high form of abstraction wedged between traditional business and application layers (refer to Figure 3 below).

Services modularize the enterprise, forming standalone units of logic that exist within a common connectivity layer. Services can be layered so that parent services can encapsulate child services. This allows for the service layer to consist of multiple layers of abstraction.


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Figure 3 - Service-Oriented Layers

The services in the service layer(s) conform to the service-oriented principles by been reusable, sharing a formal contract, loosely coupled, provide abstraction to the underlying logic, composable, autonomous, interoperable, stateless, and discoverable.

Some of the layers that may be implemented in the service layer are: an application service layer, a business process service layer, and an orchestration service layer. Other possible service layers may include hybrid services, task-centric services, entity-centric services, process services, etc, depending on the configuration scenarios.

SOA Components During the last couple of years, the understanding of SOA layers has been refined into components with distinct and clear functionality.


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Figure 4 - Service-Oriented Components

The current understanding is that there are a number of functional components necessary within a complete SOA:

• SOA Registry: contains important reference information about where the components are located.

• Workflow Engine: provides the technology to connect between people and processes.

• Service Broker: connects services to services, enabling the flow of business process.

• SOA Supervisor: monitors the various components of the platform underneath the SOA environment ensuring they work in a consistent and predictable way.

• Enterprise layer: Provides the Presentation or GUI services.

• Data services: Tools for data and metadata storage and analysis

• Adapters to allow legacy applications to participate within the SOA environment

• Infrastructure services: Hardware and connectivity protocols

• Enterprise Service Bus (ESB): software layer ensuring that the messages get passed back and forth between the components.

• Development tools.

• System Management services: Policy engine, SLA monitoring, etc.

Some of the more significant components within SOA are described in more detail in the following sections.


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Enterprise Service Bus Usually, in architecture diagrams, the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is represented as a separate pipe through which information and instructions flow. In reality, it is not a single pipe; it is typically a collection of software components that manage messaging from one software component to another.

A software component connects to the ESB and passes it a message by using a specified format along with the address of the software component that needs to receive the message. The ESB completes the job of getting the message from the sending component to the receiving component, in a way similar to the mechanism used by the Service Broker (described later).

The services offered by the bus are:

• Messaging services: support various types of messaging, routing, and guaranteed delivery.

• Management services: monitor performance, implement message priorities and apply global business rules across components to connect.

• Interface services: validate messages against their schema definitions, support web standards (SOAP, WSDL), and provide application adapters (CORBA, JMS).

• Mediation services: transform messages between computing environments, protocols, data formats, etc.

• Metadata services: metadata is about data structure and meaning. These services transform between data formats and definitions.

• Security services: include a standardized security model to authorize, authenticate, and audit ESB activity using encryption of messages.

SOA Registry The SOA registry is a type of electronic catalog which contains information describing what each service does. It has two roles: one contained in the operational environment and one in the world of programmers and business analysts.

In the operational environment, the SOA registry provides reference information about software components that are running or available for use - information that is particularly important to the service broker.

For programmers and business analysts, on the other hand, the SOA registry acts as a reference that helps them select components and connect them together to create composite applications and build processes. It also stores information about how each component connects to other components. In other words, the SOA registry documents the rules and descriptions associated with every given component.

The SOA registry is extremely important because it acts as the central reference point within a service-oriented architecture. The SOA registry contains information (metadata) about all the components that the SOA supports. For that reason, it defines the “domain” of the architecture.

The SOA registry isn’t just a place where definitions of software components are stored for developers and business analysts to use. It is also where components are published for more “public” entities — potentially, for customers and business partners — to use. It is the mechanism for tracking and finding services.


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The Workflow Engine The workflow engine is a software component designed to connect a whole business process from end to end, flowing work from one individual or process to another until the entire business process is carried out. Recently, there is a tendency to associate workflow engines with business process management (BPM) tools.

Service Broker The broker is the mechanism that actually makes all the connections between components work. It evolved from EAI components. It reads information from the registry, and orchestrates the connections between components. It also consults information about the rules that govern connections defined in the Policy/Rules Engine.

SOA Supervisor The SOA supervisor is the master controller. It is the central point of control responsible for all SOA orchestration. The SOA supervisor is responsible for ensuring service levels.

SLA Monitoring Service Level Agreement (SLA) Monitoring is a real-time utility that helps the SOA Supervisor by ensuring that all components perform as expected. If any of them has trouble performing, or fails, it will report this to the SOA Supervisor, which will use the various infrastructure services, or manual operators, to fix the problem.

Systems Management Service levels in IT have become critically important because business has become more and more dependent on IT. Service oriented architectures must make composite applications and business processes available, reliable and predictable. For this purpose, specialized systems/operations management software is required.

Adapters Adapters provide the means by which legacy business applications, which may have been built before SOA concepts were identified, the ability to connect to other services that are part of the SOA. The types of adapters that could be written are:

• web services adapters

• document-based adapters (EDI, OAG BOD, etc)

• package application-based adapters (SAP, Oracle, accounting, HR, etc)

• adapters based on other standards (CORBA, .NET)

• Middleware adapters (MQseries, BEA, etc)

• Transaction engine adapters (CICS, Tuxedo, etc)

• Data adapters (ODBC, JDBC, etc)

• Technology-specific adapters (email, etc)


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Development Tools Development tools include the collection of language compilers, integrated development environments, APIs, and other tools required for creating, testing, integrating, and maintaining the various SOA components and adapters.

It is important to understand the way the components are put together using different technologies. The SOA development environment should include tools to develop and test the basic technologies:

• For modeling classes and intended software behavior, a Unified Modeling Language (UML) tool is used.

• GUI Design: tools for testing and designing front-end graphical interfaces: portlets, HTML, XML, AJAX, JSP, XSLT, JavaScript, etc

• Web service development: web services, SOAP message, WSDL definitions, UDDI entries, API interfaces, and will include other mechanisms to tap into the wealth of the chosen platform (JMS, JDBC, XML parsing, etc)

• Business process modeling: business process and workflow editors, etc

• SOA application testing: testing and profiling designed for the complexity of testing single and composite applications.

• SOA governance: tools to manage the application life cycle implementing corporate policy, and standards, etc

• Code Repository: tools to manage and control source code, versions, etc

• Application Servers for testing and for hosting the execution of web services.

SOA Governance There is more to SOA than just technology. Governance comprises the organizing principles and rules that determine how an organization should behave. It includes considerations such as core values, dealing with customers and partners, and managing the business principles and rules.

To make SOA governance happen, organizations should put the following items in place:

• Establish a business services policy board made up of representatives of corporate, departmental, and IT management.

• Establish a programming standards board within the IT organization

• Establish best practices for IT SOA governance

• Monitor the life cycle of services

• Ensure the proper design of a service

• Identify key implementation issues

• Monitor SOA services from a business perspective

• Correlate the organization’s SOA strategy with regulatory requirements


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Lesson Review In this lesson we looked at Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Although we looked at it from a high-level viewpoint, we saw how SOA has emerged from Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) in an effort to solve some of the drawbacks associated with EAI and to meet the requirements of true interoperability between systems and technologies.

We also looked at some of the key aspects of service orientation, the objectives of SOA, and at the various components of the SOA architecture for an enterprise.

The lessons that follow will look in more detail at the Interstage products and technologies used to realize a SOA enterprise solution.

For Further Reading The following is a list of additional information sources which may assist in understanding SOA

• “Service-Oriented Architecture: Concepts, Technologies, and Design”, Thomas Erl, (Prentice Hall, 2005), ISBN: 0-13-185858-0

• “The New Language of Business: SOA & Web 2.0”, Sandy Carter, (IBM Press, 2007), ISBN: 0-13-195654-X

• “Enterprise SOA: Best Practices”, Dirk Krafzig, et al., (Prentice Hall, 2004) ISBN: 0-13-146575-9

• “Enterprise Service Computing: From Concept to Deployment”, Robin G. Qiu (IGI Publishing, 2007), ISBN:9781599041803

• “SOA for Dummies”, Hurwitz, et al., (Wiley Publishing, 2007), ISBN: 0470054352

• “Service-Oriented Architecture Compass: Business Value, Planning, and Enterprise Roadmap”, Norbert Bieberstein, et al. (IBM Press, 2006) ISBN: 0131870025

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Lesson 2 Introduction to Interstage

Overview The Interstage Suite is a comprehensive family of Enterprise solution products, designed so that they can be assembled to provide businesses the maximum degree of modularity, flexibility, scalability and reliability for their IT Systems.

Fujitsu created Interstage by blending the latest technologies, industry standards and drawing upon its years of experience in R&D and construction of large scale mission critical applications and systems.

Through the use of these products, businesses can create advanced IT systems that can quickly respond to the ever-changing business and market requirements.

Lesson Objective By the end of this lesson you should:

• Have gained a basic understanding of Interstage and its development history.

• Be able to list and describe the products in the Interstage product suite.

• Be able to list the SOA categories under which each Interstage product falls.

• Understand types of solutions in which Interstage can be used.

• Understand the benefits of using standards and supporting industry standards


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History of Interstage The Interstage suite was first introduced in 1998 as an integration platform. It has continuously evolved with market demands and kept pace by enhancing the product line to support the latest technologies. Interstage utilizes industry standards allowing greater interoperability and the opportunity to draw from a large pool of skilled IT resources.

Figure 5 below shows the development history of Interstage from its introduction in 1998 to the present day.

Figure 5 - Interstage Suite Time Line

Interstage Version 1-Version 3 Interstage Version 1 was released in 1998 with subsequent releases of Version 2 and Version 3. Each release improved and expanded on its predecessor by adding additional mainstream technologies and features. The first 3 years of Interstage development and releases focused on technologies and features which provided enterprise integration and support for internet technologies.

Technologies By the release of Version 3, Interstage supported the following technologies:

• Java

• J2EE App Server

• XML

• LDAP

• Web Integration

• CORBA

• OLTP


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• Asynchronous Messaging

Interstage Version 4 Fujitsu Interstage Version 4 released in 2001, enhanced and expanded the frameworks, tools and server products to better support Electronic Commerce. Interstage customers harnessed this capability to develop systems that handled Intra Business, Business to Consumer (B2C) and Business to Business (B2B) transactions. Server products were expanded and categorized into four areas

• Interstage Application Server,

• Interstage Integration Server,

• Interstage Portal Server, and

• Interstage Network Access Server

Technologies Version 4 added support for the following technologies

• SOAP

• WSDL

• ASP Web Environment

• Mobile Devices

• RosettaNet

Interstage Version 5 Interstage Version 5, released in 2002, included significant improvement and enhancements making it the preferred middleware solution in Japan and abroad. To address the increasing market demand and diverse capability offered by Interstage, the Interstage products were categorized into the following groupings:

• Foundation,

• Integration and

• Development.

Table 2 Interstage Version 5 Product Suites

Foundation Suite Provides the core environment for hosting multi-tiered applications, monitoring and managing security, optimizing network performance and additively the Quality of Service (QoS).

Products • Interstage Application Server

• Interstage Traffic Director

• Interstage Security Director


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Integration Suite Provides the products necessary to assist with various aspects of data sharing and integration. The Integration products provide the capability of integrating various views of applications, organizing and retrieving company wide disparate content, and integrating business processes from different business systems.

Products • Interstage Portalworks

• Interstage Contentbiz

• Interstage CollaborationRing

Development Suite Provides developers with the required tools and resources to create, maintain and extend applications for the Interstage suite. Tools supported development using numerous industry accepted frameworks, including technologies with full debugging.

Products • Interstage Apworks

• Interstage Apcoordinator

• Interstage Solution Suite (available only in Japan)

Technologies • UDDI

• ebXML

• IPv6

• .NET

• Linux

• UML

• JAAS

• JVM speed improvements

Interstage Version 6 Interstage Version 6 was released in 2003 with significant expansion in the areas of XML support, Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Business Process modeling. It included a number of new products:

• Interstage Shunsaku Data Manager, an XML database, provided high speed storage and retrieval of XML data.

• Interstage XWand, is an Integrated Development (IDE) environment to accelerate the creation, testing and use of XBRL documents in the organization.

• Interstage i-Flow simplified the streamlining of an organization’s business processes and workflows by visually modeling them.


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Technologies Version 6 supported the following technologies:

• Apache • Tomcat • Struts • Eclipse • J2EE 1.4 • JMX • WS-Security • Hybrid OLAP

Interstage Version 7 Interstage Version 7, released in 2005, delivered significant gains to customers by increasing their return on investment (ROI) and lowering the total cost of ownership (TCO). It built on Interstage’s unmatched stability and performance. Multi-server management and provisioning capabilities were added as well as enhancements to security, scalability, and reliability.

Additional benefits, including a reduction in the total cost of operation (TCO), can be achieved when Interstage Application Server v7 was implemented as part of the Fujitsu TRIOLE IT infrastructure strategy -- Fujitsu's approach to optimizing IT infrastructure. Interstage Application Server provides the middleware platform for TRIOLE.

Interstage Version 8 Interstage Version 8 was released in 2006. In order to better focus the Interstage suite of products on the upcoming support for SOA, the following products were removed from this version of Interstage:

• Interstage Portalworks

• Interstage Contentbiz

• Interstage Navigator

• Interstage Collaboration Ring

In addition, Interstage i-Flow was renamed Interstage Business Process Manager.

Interstage Version 9 The current version of Interstage, Version 9, was released in 2007. This version is positioned as a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) platform, based on Java SE 5.0, EE 1.4, and AJAX.

CentraSite (an award winning SOA Repository) is a new product which was added to this version.

A SOA Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), referred to as the Interstage Service Integrator, is currently being developed by Fujitsu for inclusion in future versions of Interstage.

Having looked at the development history of Interstage, it’s now time to look at Interstage Version 9 in a little more detail.


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Interstage V9 Overview The new Interstage family of products is structured to provide a middleware architecture to assist in the construction of SOA based solutions.

IDE

Interstage S

tudio

SOA

Managem

ent and G

overnance C

entraSite

User Interaction

Business Intelligence

ESM

Systemw

alker

Business Process Management Interstage Business Process Manager

Service Layers Interstage Service Integrator

Foundation Interstage Application Server

Figure 6 - SOA Architecture and the Interstage Product Suite

Table 3 below summarizes the SOA categories and lists the Interstage products associated with each of those categories.

Table 3 - Interstage Product Functions

Category Product Description

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Interstage Studio Model-based Integrated development environment

SOA Management and Governance

CentraSite Web Services UDDI Repository

Business Process Management

Interstage Business Process Manager

Process Management


Enterprise Service Bus


J2EE application hosting and reliability services

Enterprise System Management (ESM)

Systemwalker Service Monitoring and QoS


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SOA Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

IDE

Interstage S

tudio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker Business Process Management Interstage Business Process Manager



Figure 7 - SOA IDE

Interstage Studio

Interstage Studio provides an integrated development environment based on the Eclipse 3 platform. Interstage Studio provides a rich user–friendly, all-in-one integrated development environment which can be enhanced by a large range of independent tools available in many areas ranging from application design and development through to testing.

SOA Management and Governance

IDE

Interstage S

tudio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker




Figure 8 - SOA Management and Governance


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CentraSite

CentraSite is a joint development of Fujitsu Limited and Software AG. It is an award-winning SOA registry and repository offering improved analysis and control over SOA resources and activities.

CentraSite offers advanced search capabilities by leveraging UDDI v3.0 and metadata models, a pre-defined reporting modules, and both an AJAX-based interfaces as well as an Eclipse Registry Browser to easily discover critical SOA assets.

User Interaction

Figure 9 - SOA User Interaction

Interaction with the user is made possible through a number of tools provided in the Interstage suite of products.

Interstage Business Process Manager, for example, permits the development of graphical interfaces for exposing business processes. Interstage Application Server contains programming tools for building Web-front ends using standard technology such as Struts, and JSP. Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is also supported to make client-side user interaction more efficient.

IDE

Interstage S

tudio

SOA

Managem

ent and G

overnance C

entraSite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker





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SOA Business Process Management

IDE

Interstage Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite

User Interaction


ESM

System

walker Business Process Management Interstage Business Process Manager



Figure 10 - SOA Business Process Management

Interstage Business Process Manager

Interstage Business Process Manager facilitates the definition and execution of business workflow as business processes. It facilitates business automation and speeds integration through the abstraction of web services.

SOA Service Layers

IDE

Interstage Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker




Figure 11 - SOA Service Layers

Interstage Service Integrator

Interstage Service Integrator provides a platform that supports application integration based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Service Layers. This will allow system integration to be easily performed using standard JMS and JAXM messaging and XML mediation protocols.


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SOA Foundation

IDE

Interstage Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and G

overnance C

entraSite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker Business Process Management Interstage Business Process Manager



Figure 12 - SOA Foundation

Interstage Application Server

Interstage Application Server provides the base for secure, reliable and effective Internet and Intranet applications, providing fully compliant J2EE application-hosting capabilities low-level services, fail-over protection, clustering, and other J2EE features to build turnkey applications and packaged solutions. Additionally, it provides support for transitioning legacy applications into Web Services.


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Additional Products In addition to the products which support the SOA platform directly. Interstage also supplies an additional product called Interstage XWand which provides the means for IT based solutions to automatically extract financial data and format it into XBRL reports, eliminating paper from the entire reporting process.

Enterprise System Management

IDE

Interstage S

tudio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite

User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker




Figure 13 - Enterprise System Management

Systemwalker

Systemwalker is a separate, integrated suite of operation management software products that complements the Interstage suite. Based on the concept of Policy-based System Management, Systemwalker is designed to support continuous, safe, and trouble-free business through autonomous operation. It provides essential management tools such as system and network administration, performance monitoring, asset management, and job management.


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Lesson Review In this lesson we have introduced Interstage and looked at its development history.

Rather than a single, all-encompassing product, Interstage comprises a suite of individual products that can be used in isolation or in combination. This flexibility allows it to meet the demands of ever expanding and complex enterprise requirements.

In addition to looking briefly at its component products, we’ve seen how the individual Interstage products map into the SOA categories and looked, in overview, and the features that those products provide.

In the lessons that follow we’ll look in more detail at the products and technologies that comprise Interstage Version 9. We’ll start in Lesson 3 with Interstage Business Process Manager

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Lesson 3 Interstage Business Process

Manager

Overview Interstage Business Process Manager, a component of the Fujitsu Interstage family of application infrastructure products, is a complete BPM suite. It includes key components for defining and refining business process models, rules, and rich user interfaces, as well as extensive capabilities for integration, automation, management and optimization of business processes.

Figure 14 shows the positioning of Interstage Business Process Manager within the SOA middleware architecture.

IDE

Interstage Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and Governance

CentraS

ite User Interaction


ESM

Systemw

alker


Interstage Service Layers Service Integrator


Figure 14 - SOA Middleware Architecture - Interstage Business Process Manager

Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

• Understand different approaches to Business Process Management;

• Have gained an understanding of Interstage Business Process Manager – what it is, what features it provides, and the benefits of using it.

• Be able to describe the different components which comprise Interstage Business Process Manager and describe the process modeling and process definition tools provided.

Lesson 3 Interstage Business Process Manager

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Introduction to BPM and Interstage Business Process Manager

Business process management (BPM) means different things to different people. In this introduction to business process management we’ll look at three different, but complementary, approaches, these being:

• A process-driven approach to SOA;

• Complete process lifecycle control; and

• A human- and system-centric approach.

While gaining knowledge of these approaches we’ll see how Interstage Business Process Manager satisfies each approach.

A Process-Driven Approach to SOA Business people and analysts understand their business processes, and IT professionals understand their systems and infrastructure. The challenge is for business people to transform their vision into processes that can be easily deployed by IT while leveraging their existing systems and infrastructure without significant rework.

Interstage Business Process Manager brings business and IT professionals together to take a top-down approach to designing, simulating, automating, analyzing, and optimizing business processes. Combined with CentraSite, a SOA Registry and Repository, business and IT professionals now have a single store for all shared processes, resources, and information that aids better collaboration.

Complete Process Life Cycle Control Interstage Business Process Manager helps companies:

• Build better, newer business processes, faster

• Reduce risk by pre-testing various business scenarios before executing

• Better align and use resources

• Reduce errors and costs and improve efficiencies by automating tasks

• Track tasks and business metrics and optimize processes in real-time

• Demonstrate compliance by documenting processes

A Human- and System-centric Approach Workflow technology has evolved into Business Process Management (BPM) software with rich integration features with support for both human-centric and system-centric processes.

Enterprises and software developers have come to understand that BPM can be applied to increasingly complex problems. Automating business processes from end-to-end, integrating applications to process steps, and opening up processes for collaboration with partners, customers, and suppliers represent is just the beginning of what can be expected from BPM software.

Interstage Business Process Manager is a full-featured, comprehensive Business Process Management (BPM) solution designed to improve the productivity and


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profitability of businesses. Interstage Business Process Manager maximizes the value of existing IT infrastructure in dynamic and complex markets. It is cost-effective, installs easily, and integrates quickly into existing environments guaranteeing a faster ROI.

Figure 15 - Interstage Business Process Manager Conceptual View

Interstage Business Process Manager incorporates all of the building blocks necessary for adding a flexible and sophisticated process layer to business applications. Business processes should not be hard-coded in to application code. Given the pace of change of current business applications, application developers should also utilize Interstage Business Process Manager to separate process logic from the application logic. The resulting process layer is easy to understand and empowers managers to implement change requests immediately without technical assistance.

Interstage Business Process Manager provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface for controlling the process layer of applications. Faced with changing business conditions, managers no longer need to wait in line for scarce IT resources to implement changes to their business processes.

Interstage Business Process Manager can also be easily embedded into other applications and products. It is ideal for supporting large-scale enterprise deployments, Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) and Systems Integrators (SIs) who need comprehensive business process management functionality for their applications.

Today’s new business environment requires BPM technology that can be integrated seamlessly into SOA-based and B2B applications and molded easily to fit into changing architectures. Its architecture is flexible, leaving the door open for future technologies and standards. It fits naturally into the dynamic and evolving business environment.

Interstage Business Process Manager (for Human-to-Human communication) provides flexible process management, leading to comprehensive, full-featured BPM solutions.

Interstage Business Process Manager provides companies with the ability to create, control, change and measure processes with flexibility and ease. Its modular, open standards-based architecture allows for straightforward integration into existing


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environments, and the product’s feature set means that Interstage Business Process Manager will smoothly adapt to future technologies as well.

The Benefits of Business Process Management Now that we’ve looked at the different approaches to business process management and at how Interstage Business Process Manager facilitates each approach, let’s now look at some of the key benefits of using Interstage Business Process Manager.

Figure 16 - The Benefits of BPM

The following descriptions of key benefits refer to the items in Figure 16 above

• Automates Repetitive Tasks

Interstage Business Process Manager enables the streamlining and automation of repetitive tasks, thereby reducing error rates and process cycle times. This allows for improved product quality and increased process capacity through better control, resulting in increased productivity and greater profits.

• Facilitates Process Performance Control

Interstage Business Process Manager provides users with the tools to manage and monitor the performance of critical business processes in real time. This enables companies to respond to customers and partners quickly and efficiently, driving greater customer loyalty and better partner relations.

• Simplifies Process Logic Modification

With Interstage Business Process Manager, business users can modify process rules and logic by use of a browser-based interface, without the involvement of IT, increasing operational efficiency and contributing to reduced IT overhead.

• Lowers Development Costs

Interstage Business Process Manager enables extraction of business logic into a separate process layer that is easily maintained and modified, provides unparalleled support for business process reuse, and allows implementation of


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composite applications through full utilization of existing IT infrastructure. Giving reduced development costs—and higher ROI.

Interstage Business Process Manager Features The benefits offered by Interstage BPM are provided through a number of features and facilities, these being:

• A browser-based process modeling environment;

• A modular, standards-based architecture;

• Full analytics and process simulation; and

• Broad administration and notification capabilities.

These features are depicted in Figure 17 below and are described in more detail after the figure.

Figure 17 - Web based Environment

Browser-based Process Modeling Environment Interstage Business Process Manager’s Development Manager gives business users the ability to quickly modify processes in response to customer requests, without IT assistance, through a rich process-modeling interface. Similarly, the Interstage Business Process Manager Console provides knowledge workers with the ability to manage tasks as well as to create new processes from existing templates.

Modular, Standards-based Architecture Through the use of customizable adapters, Interstage Business Process Manager easily integrates with existing environments, and is designed to smoothly adapt to future environments as well.

The architecture of Interstage Business Process Manager is based on Java and is written to open standard specifications. In addition, a robust API allows implementation of all Interstage Business Process Manager functionality through


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Java development objects, while a rich connectivity layer provides synchronous and asynchronous communication between applications.

Full Analytics and Process Simulation Generous process analysis and a new simulation tool permit greater control over the design, implementation and management of business process automation.

Interstage Business Process Manager is supplied with a version of IDS Scheer’s ARIS Process Performance Manager™ (ARIS PPM) which provides managers access to key performance indicators (KPI) describing how the business is performing in real time.

Figure 18 ARIS PPM Standard Edition

Broad Administration and Notification Capabilities Interstage Business Process Manager allows for simplified administration of business process automation, as well as for a wide range of notifications.

Server Administration enables browser-based management of templates, processes and user profiles. The Task Notification module supports customization of content and flags, as well as of delivery methods, which may range from an e-mail inbox to a mobile phone.

Architectural Overview Flexibility and support for process change have always been key differentiators for Interstage Business Process Manager.

Interstage Business Process Manager is easier to install, embed, and extend with its expanded support for industry leading BPM standards such as BPMN, XPDL,


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WebDAV, and UDDI. It offers more flexibility in service-oriented architecture (SOA) environments by enabling the reuse of business processes as Web Services.

Interstage Business Process Manager also features an enhanced process modeling and simulation environment called Interstage Business Process Manager Studio, based on the Eclipse Graphical Editing Framework (GEF), for both offline and online process modeling.

Interstage Business Process Manager Decision Tables provides a simple, yet powerful way for business users to define and manage process-centric business rules.

To help companies take a process-driven approach to SOA, Interstage Business Process Manager will integrate seamlessly with CentraSite the award winning SOA registry and repository. All business processes and other BPM assets can be published to and registered within CentraSite for reuse within and across organizations.

With the ability to utilize IDS Scheer’s ARIS Process Performance Manager™ (ARIS PPM) Interstage Business Process Manager provides comprehensive analytics and reporting capabilities for business managers – both real-time process monitoring as well as the ability to analyze historical data to help with process optimization.

Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) and solution providers have realized that embedding a business process management engine adds significantly more to their product offerings. Increasingly, ISVs and solution providers rely on an embedded process management engine to stitch together the different elements and functions of their applications. These developers have learned that homegrown, hard coded process support lacks the flexibility and configurability that are required by customers to tailor these applications to their organizations, and to respond as their organizations change.

Interstage Business Process Manager is available as the Advanced Edition. This is ideal for stand-alone deployments and does not require an application server. Interstage Business Process Manager Advanced Edition is fast and lightweight, suitable for process deployments at small-to-medium sized organizations or for departmental initiatives.

The central BPM engine provides an Application Programming Interface (API), called the “Model API” which exposes the server side interface called the “Server Enactment Interface”. The BPM engine can be extended with Java classes to access capabilities external to the system.

The system is divided into three basic tiers:

• User Interfaces Tier: All user interfaces (UI) to the system are implemented on top of the Model API or the Web Services API, and as such the UI provided out-of-the box is identical in both editions. The UI can be implemented as a Java-based thick client, as Java applets or as AJAX-/ Java Server Faces (JSF)-based Web clients. The browser is served by the web tier, which is composed from JSP and Servlet components running in a web server. The BPM server comes with the Apache Tomcat Servlet engine.

• Execution Tier The main processing logic resides in the BPM tier.

• Integration Tier The third tier provides the integration hooks to the underlying repositories (database, directory and document management, CentraSite registry and


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repository) as well as connectivity to other systems using a variety of mechanisms.

Interstage Business Process Manager Advanced Edition Figure 19 below illustrates the major components of the Interstage Business Process Manager Advanced Edition.

Figure 19 - Interstage Business Process Manager Advanced Edition

Note that there are three choices for the UI:

1) a thick Java client that must be installed;

2) a Java applet that runs in a browser; and,

3) thin client web pages that are generated in a Servlet engine.

The three UI options each use the same Model API, which handles communications to/from the server User Agent, as well as intelligent caching of process information. The BPM Tier includes the main BPM server along with the interfaces to the IDS Sheer ARRIS PPM system.

The server can then talk to other back-end systems including a database, a user directory server, document management systems, CentraSite (SOA registry and repository), email, SMS and everything else.


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Interstage Business Process Manager Studio Interstage Business Process Manager Studio is an intuitive and easy to use process modeling tool which is based on the Eclipse 3 IDE.

Figure 20 - Eclipse-based Interstage Business Process Manager Studio

Interstage Business Process Manager Studio is based on the latest user interface technologies and provides the following features:

Offline Editing

Interstage Business Process Manager Studio is a standalone tool that can be used independently of an Interstage Business Process Manager Server. Process definitions can be exported from Interstage Business Process Manager Studio and imported into an Interstage Business Process Manager Server.

Local and Server Projects

In addition to the possibility of working offline in the Interstage Business Process Manager Studio as a standalone tool, you can work directly on a connected Interstage Business Process Manager Server. Process definitions that are created with Interstage Business Process Manager Studio are stored directly in the database located on the Interstage Business Process Manager Server.

Process Simulation

Interstage Business Process Manager Studio allows for simulating the execution of business processes. Simulation scenarios can be defined, and, based on the scenarios, cost and time can be calculated and reports can be generated for analysis and used for optimization of the processes.


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Swimlanes

Interstage Business Process Manager Studio supports swimlanes for organizing activities into visual categories to illustrate different functional capabilities or responsibilities.

Flexible Arrows and Alignment

Flexible multi-point arrows are shown with editable names. The user interface allows easy source and target node selection for drawing arrows. Rulers, grids and toolbar buttons allow for easy horizontal and vertical alignment of nodes and swimlanes.

Selection of Multiple Elements Multiple nodes and swimlanes can be selected for moving and alignment.

Zoom Support and Navigation

You can zoom in or out on process definitions. An Outline view and an Overview view facilitate navigating large process definitions.


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Summary of Features and Benefits Interstage Business Process Manager provides a superior BPM architecture, enabling business users and IT professionals to collaborate on defining and refining business processes. It provides developers with the ability to easily create and deploy high performance business process management applications.

Interstage Business Process Manager is easily embedded into existing applications and systems and delivers a broad range of out-of-the-box functionality along with a set of integration adapters that enable organizations to leverage their existing IT infrastructure investments. The core elements of the Interstage Business Process Manager architecture are:

• The ability to run as a stand-alone server, allowing greater flexibility when deploying applications

• A web-centric design that provides strong support both for human interaction and application integration while enabling process change anywhere, anytime.

• A high performance, J2EE-based BPM engine that is capable of handling tens of thousands of processes per hour.

• Web-browser access to full product functionality that eliminates client administration cost.

• Out-of-the-box user interface modules include: both online and off-line process designers with a drag-and-drop visual interface, runtime process editing, and process history; an e-mail client that notifies users of arriving tasks; the Interstage Business Process Manager Console that allows users to complete work tasks; administration pages for managing templates, processes and user profiles.. A user may access the server via the supplied browser-based user interface modules or customized clients developed using the Model API. The Model API is provided with Interstage Business Process Manager.

• Integration Adapters that insulate the BPM engine and applications from changes in the underlying IT infrastructure while leveraging IT investments. This includes a standards-based integration framework to access document management systems and directory services. Integration Adapters are supplied out-of-the-box for common infrastructure components such as Windows 2003 and UNIX file systems, Windows 2003 User Manager, LDAP Oracle 9i-10i, DB/2 8.2, SQL Server 2005, SMTP, SMS and JavaScript.

• A wide range of capabilities for delivering BPM functionality to custom applications. Developers are supplied with Javadocs, API reference materials, Developer’s Guide, code samples, pre-built sample process templates, and boilerplate applications so they can access the full functionality of the environment and enhance many of the advanced features. Source code for modifying the browser-based user interface modules, the Document Management Systems and Directory Services Integration Adapters is available.

• Java-based process development designed for ease of reuse, lowering the cost of development and ownership.

• All of Interstage Business Process Manager’s rich BPM functionality can be embedded in custom applications, including advanced graphical features like template design and work list views.


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• Sophisticated context sensitive role resolution.

This broad array of features makes Interstage Business Process Manager the ideal engine for developing enterprise-wide process management applications, as well as embedding BPM functionality into third party applications and systems.


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Lesson Review In this lesson we looked at different approaches to Business Process Management and at how Interstage Business Process Manager provides facilities that satisfy each approach.

In addition, we looked at Interstage Business Process Manager in some detail so you should now know what it is, what features it provides, and the benefits of using it.

We also looked at Interstage Business Process Manager from an architectural viewpoint and looked in detail at the components that comprise the standalone Advanced Edition.

We were then introduced to the Interstage Business Process Manager Studio which provides a separate process modeling tool to help to speed up the design, analysis, maintenance, and optimization of business processes.

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Lesson 4 Interstage Service Integrator

Overview Interstage Service Integrator (ISI) is Fujitsu’s SOA Service Bus. It facilitates the communication and creation of services, offering a reliable service delivery mechanism for the enterprise.

Figure 32 below shows the positioning of Interstage Service Integrator within the SOA middleware architecture groupings.

IDE

Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and G

overnance C

entraSite

User Interaction Portal B

usiness Intelligence B

I and BA

M

ESM

Systemw

alker

Business Process Management BPM

Service Layers Service Integrator

Foundation Business Application Server

Figure 21 - SOA Middleware Architecture – Interstage Service Integrator


• Have gained an understanding of Interstage Service Integrator – what it is, what features it provides, and the benefits of using it.

• Be able to describe the different components which comprise Interstage Service Integrator and describe how it can be used within a Service Oriented Architecture.


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Introduction to Interstage Service Integrator Interstage Service Integrator allows existing systems to be re-used as services through the use of adapters and an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB).

Interstage Service Integrator provides a platform that supports application integration based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), allowing system integration to be easily performed using standard protocols.

In the past, adding a new system entailed modification of the existing systems and other time-consuming tasks. By using Interstage Service Integrator, the build time can be shortened and deployment and operating costs reduced.

Figure 22 Interstage Service Integrator (ISI)

Product information Interstage Service Integrator is available as client and server components:

• Interstage Service Integrator Client Hardware requirements

• 400 MB of disk space • Standard PC

Software requirements • Windows Xp (or later), 2000 Pro SP3 or later, Vista • Interstage Application Server or JRE 5.0 or 1.4

• Interstage Service Integrator Server Hardware requirements

• Requires a PrimePower or Primergy (32-bits) or Primequest (64-bits) machines

• Requires 1370 MBs of disk space Software requirements

• Windows 2000 Server SP4 (or later) or Windows 2003 SP1 server (or later)

• Solaris 9 or 10 • Red Hat Enterprise Linux (4.5 or later) • Interstage Application Server or Java JRE 5.0 or 1.4


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Key Benefits Interstage Service Integrator offers the following advantages, over and above the functions provided by typical ESB products:

• Provides features to reduce the overheads associated with interface design.

• Incorporates existing technology while adopting a standards-based approach.

• Provides components to abstract the differences between services.

• Provides a middleware solution for boosting the productivity of user side service applications.

• Provides features for quickly building a highly-reliable enterprise system

Features to reduce overheads associated with interface design When assembling services into a system, mediating the interfaces occupies the greatest amount of design time. Mediating the interfaces for a large number of services and applications down to the level of individual data items represents a significant burden on the designers.

A key focus of Interstage Service Integrator is to reduce the overheads associated with interface mediation, by providing a middleware product that distills the experience and know-how accumulated over past user cases.

Incorporating existing technology while adopting a standards-based approach Interstage Service Integrator supports standards-based protocols (SOAP, JMS, CORBA) and data operations (XML operations).However, when building a system, you still have to deal with many legacy technologies.

Interstage Service Integrator is targeted to a wide range of users, and aims for broad usability by providing, in addition to standards-based technology support, such features as support for message transfer via FTP, asynchronous messaging using JMS-R or MQD, APIs that can be used without knowledge of the J2EE standard, and support for data operations on non-XML data.

Providing components to abstract the differences between services When linking services to other services, differences such as protocols and interfaces must be mediated.

Interstage Service Integrator provides standard components for mediating the differences between services. Instead of building these components from scratch, users can simply use the ready-made components to transparently link services together.

Providing a middleware solution for boosting the productivity of user side service applications The most difficult aspect to implement in service linkage is the part of the client application that controls services.


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Interstage Service Integrator helps to enhance application productivity by providing mechanisms that allow services to be easily linked together through common methods of control.

Providing high reliability When linking services to one another, a number of features must be in place to guarantee message consistency.

Interstage is an execution platform designed to guarantee high reliability. With Interstage, Interstage Service Integrator guarantees message integrity and accumulation, and preserves message order.

Features Interstage Service Integrator provides functionality that realizes connectivity to various systems.

Because Interstage Service Integrator is equipped with a Service Bus for connecting and relaying services, it can abstract the differences and changes in the component interfaces allowing efficient development and maintenance as well as flexible service linkage to be realized.

Interstage Service Integrator provides mutual linkage which overcomes differences such as the Operating System environment, application runtime environment (J2EE and .NET Framework), etc.

Figure 23 Interstage Service Integrator Features

The five main characteristics of Interstage Service Integrator are as follows;

• Mediation

• Linkage with existing systems

• Development environment (ISI Studio)

• Operation Management

• Common Interface

• High Reliability


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These are discussed in more detail in the sections below.

Mediation

Figure 24 Interstage Service Integrator - Mediation

The standard installation of Interstage Service Integrator provides the following components:

• XML validity checking components to ensure only valid XML files are used.

• XML control components to add, change, and delete XML data.

• Data extraction components to extract values that are passed to standard components from data sets.

• Format conversion components to convert from FLAT to XML, XML to FLAT, and FLAT to FLAT.

• XML conversion components to convert between XML data formats.

• Message sending components to provide synchronous/asynchronous calls to external systems using SOAP


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Mediation Example (Format Conversion) The format conversion function of Interstage Service Integrator is used to read various data schema defined as services such as DTD and RDB schema, and easily set data conversion definitions from the GUI. Conversion functionality can be achieved without the need to create a conversion application for linking services.

Figure 25 Interstage Service Integrator – Mediation Example (Format Conversion)

By accumulating a set of conversion definitions, they can be utilized as practical knowledge for other interface adjustments.

Linkage with Other Systems Interstage Service Integrator is supplied with a number of interface adapters and conversion components to provide linkage with existing systems. This allows systems to be gradually reconstructed by reusing existing assets.

Figure 26 Interstage Service Integrator – Linkage with other systems

Some of the types of components that are supplied with Interstage Service Integrator are listed below:

• Interface adapters


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File listener and FTP

• Conversion components

Mutual conversion between existing data (CVS, FLAT formats) and XML)

Development Environment (ISI Studio) An integrated development environment, ISI Studio, is provided with Interstage Service Integrator to allow the definition of mediation functionality. The flow of data from client applications to services can be defined graphically within the ISI Studio IDE.

Figure 27 Interstage Service Integrator – Development Environment

For instance, methods for processing and editing of messages that flow within the Service Bus, are defined so that the component group icons provided by mediation functionality can be arranged in any sequence.

The integrated GUI of Interstage Studio allows definitions to be made in a consistent way starting at application development all the way into to the Service Bus definition.


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Figure 28 Interstage Service Integrator – Development Environment

Testing of the Service Bus functionality within Interstage Service Integrator is easily achieved by defining, in advance, input test data and the expected result data to be received from service calls. Execution of the test will exercise the service linkage definitions, the series of conversion rules and the calls to the components as well as confirming that the resultant data is correct.

This preparation enables pre-execution and post-execution processing results of each component to be confirmed in the Development Environment. It is therefore easy to confirm the testing of service linkage definitions.

Operation Management Interstage Service Integrator is able to deploy more than one Service Bus on one server. This multiple deployment feature is aimed at facilitating operations, and enables one operation per business unit. Redeployment and restarting of the Service Bus can therefore be made without impacting other business systems.


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Figure 29 Interstage Service Integrator – Operation Management Example

In the Figure above, even if Group 1 is stopped for some reason, the operations of Group 2 (Business Link B & Business Link C) would not be impacted upon. In the case of an error occurring in Business Link C for some reason, error processing or automatic (manual) retry processing would not impact other businesses.

Common Interface Common Interface functionality is an interface for utilizing Interstage Service Integrator. The API provided by Interstage Service Integrator is linked with service utilization applications in common interface format.

Figure 30 Interstage Service Integrator – Common Management


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Through developing applications for service users in a shared interface, interfaces are unified. This facilitates borrowing of other interfaces and improves the development efficiency for applications.

High Reliability High performance/high reliability message queues and message accumulation functionality are used within Interstage Service Integrator. Recovery from the Service Bus is therefore possible in case data is lost by the recipient. Consistency and order of asynchronous transactions can be guaranteed.

Figure 31 Interstage Service Integrator – High Reliability


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Lesson Review In this lesson we looked at an overview of Interstage Service Integrator, an SOA Service Bus.

In summary, Interstage Service Integrator offers a number of key benefits to an organization building an SOA solution. These are:

• Provides features to reduce the overheads associated with interface design.

• Incorporates existing technology while adopting a standards-based approach.

• Provides components to abstract the differences between services.

• Provides a middleware solution for boosting the productivity of user side service applications.

• Provides features for quickly building a highly-reliable enterprise system

By offering these key benefits, Interstage Service Integrator provides all the features and facilities required for an SOA Service Bus component.

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Lesson 5 Interstage Application Server

Overview Interstage Application Server provides the core services and necessary software infrastructure required to deliver highly available enterprise critical applications.

The Interstage Application Server offers a reliable platform for the implementation of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). It is based on proven international standard technologies such as J2EE, SOAP, UDDI, ebXML, and CORBA.

Figure 32 below shows the positioning of Interstage Application Server within the SOA middleware architecture groupings.

IDE

Interstage Studio

SOA

Managem

ent and G

overnance C

entraSite

User Interaction


ESM

System

walker




Figure 32 – SOA Foundation - Interstage Application Server


• Describe Interstage Application Server, the benefits it offers, and the features it provides;

• Understand the performance enhancement techniques offered in Interstage Application Server;

• Describe how this Foundation Suite product complies with Industry Standards and specifications; and

• Name some key open source technologies used within Interstage Application Server.


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Introduction to Interstage Application Server Interstage Application Server forms the foundation of Fujitsu’s Interstage suite of products. An all-inclusive enterprise framework, the Interstage Application Server is a reliable and high-performance infrastructure product, upon which businesses can implement:

• Quick and reliable SOA-based web services;

• e-business systems;

• new applications that connect with existing IT assets (including legacy systems and databases); and

• B2B systems utilizing broadband Internet.

Supporting industry-standard open technologies, Interstage Application Server’s performance and reliability make it an ideal framework on which to build large-scale, business-critical systems operating in single or multi-server configurations. Its modular design means that it can be customized to meet specific business needs.

The Interstage Application Server includes environments for developing and deploying applications using a variety of platforms, technologies and languages. This allows you to select the tools and technologies that best meet your business needs. Refer to Figure 33 below.

Figure 33 – Interstage Application Server components

Interstage Application Server is equipped with a host of features that enable systems to operate 24 hours a day, 365 day a year. These include functions to detect application errors quickly and restore applications automatically; functions to enable applications to be modified without halting operations; and functions to monitor the consumption of system resources and anticipate system problems before they occur.


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Benefits Interstage Application Server offers the following benefits:

• Integrates high-reliability and high performance technologies for creating mission-critical systems which Fujitsu has cultivated over the years, and ensures stable operations of business systems.

• Reduces operating costs by simplifying administration tasks from installation through to operation, monitoring, and maintenance of business applications.

• Responds rapidly to business needs because it can effectively utilize application assets with functions linking to existing systems, and with an execution environment supporting industry standards and open source projects.

• Enables systems to be created and operated safely and reliably with easy-to-use security functions that can also be applied to large-scale systems.

New Features/Improvements in Version 9 The features available in Interstage Application Server are continuously being enhanced. The following is a list of the additional features and improvements made to Version 8 that have been included in Interstage Application Server Version 9.

Secure by Default operating environment Application Server is automatically configured with high security settings when it is installed. This means that a secure business system can be set up rapidly and at low cost out-of-the-box.

Tracking of Information Leaks (Audit Trail) Information about each access to Interstage Application Server is continuously collected. If an information leak is discovered, analysis of the audit trail allows rapid tracking to determine the ”When, Where, Who, What, and Why”.

Support for the latest Industry Specifications JDK 5.0 is provided as the default Java application runtime environment. Additionally, the previous JDK 1.4 can also be loaded, allowing a wider range of applications to be supported.

Additionally, an Apache 2.0-compatible Web server and a Tomcat 5.5-compatible Servlet/JSP runtime environment are provided. Accordingly, it is possible to start multiple Web servers, use the contents compression function of the Web server, and set up J2EE1.4-based Web applications.

Application Sizing Verification and Operation Monitoring Online performance information for Java business applications (EJB and/or Servlet) can be logged. By applying statistical analysis to this log, correct sizing of the system performance resources can be achieved as well as planning for provision of additional resources.

Windows Authentication Support for Single Sign-on The Single Sign-on function provided by Interstage Application Server can link into the Windows Active Directory allowing access to protected resources using the Windows login operation, thereby improving convenience for the user.


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Maintenance Enhancement Warning messages can be displayed when the SQL execution processing communication wait time has exceeded a specified time. This can be used to help investigate the cause of processing delays on the server.

Additionally, a warning message can be displayed when a JDBC connection time is not closed after a fixed time has elapsed. This can prevent problems caused by insufficient connection resources.

Broader Operating Systems Support Interstage Application Server is now supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. The Interstage Application Server client functions are now supported on Windows Vista.

Session recovery has been expanded to cover Windows for x86/x64/Itanium, and Linux for Itanium platforms. This means that if there is a process or machine crash in a Servlet container, the Servlet session information is passed to another running Servlet container, allowing the Web application to continue.

C++ business application support is also expanded to Windows for Itanium and to Linux for Itanium platforms. Operation of CORBA business applications written in C++ is possible. Accordingly, any of the Java/C/C++/COBOL languages can be selected when developing a business application depending on your needs or availability of skilled resources.

Provision of Single Sign-on authentication server/repository server setup is expanded to cover Windows for Itanium and Linux for Itanium platforms. In addition to the existing business server, setup of the authentication server/repository server as a Single Sign-on is also possible.

Product Editions Interstage Application Server, one of the products in the Foundation Suite (refer to Lesson 2), is available in two editions:

• the Standard-J Edition; and

• the Enterprise Edition.

The differences between these editions are summarized in Table 4 below and depicted in Figure 34 below. Details of what each edition comprises are provided after Figure 34.

Table 4 Interstage Application Server Product Editions & Features

Edition Overview Features Applicable Scale

Interstage Application Server Standard-J Edition

Based on J2EE 1.4, supports Web server, single sign-on and web services functions.

Java language

Small to medium

Interstage Application Server Enterprise Edition

In addition to Standard-J Edition functions, it supports load balancing, hot standby, multi-server management, multiple language development (COBOL, C, and C++).

Multi-language

Large and ultra-large


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*1: Includes a function for web front-end systems (which can be installed on another server)

Figure 34 – Interstage Application Server Product Structure

Interstage Application Server Standard-J Edition Interstage Application Standard-J Edition is application server infrastructure software that integrates the popular open-source applications Tomcat and Apache into a single product. These technologies are enhanced with the inclusion of Fujitsu’s extensive experience in the design and construction of mission critical systems built on Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) technology. This results in a highly efficient execution environment.

Interstage Application Server Standard-J Edition is equipped with the latest standard technologies J2EE, JMX, SOAP and WS-Security together with an execution environment that boasts high reliability and performance. It is an application server focused on J2EE solutions which is supplied with an entry-level portal component. It is standards-compliant and supports web server functions, single sign-on functions and Web service standard technologies. It is used for constructing systems written in Java.

Interstage Application Server Enterprise Edition The Interstage Application Server Enterprise Edition provides a standard application server model that provides support for multiple programming languages (COBOL, C++, C, and JAVA). It is standards-compliant, supporting a number of important standards such as J2EE 1.3, SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL. It provides excellent reliability through support for hot standby and load balancing capabilities.


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Features Interstage Application Server incorporates a number of major features. These include:

• Support for open standards/technologies, including web services;

• Support for the J2EE and CORBA (in the Enterprise Edition) frameworks to build distributed scalable applications;

• A flexible framework on which to build enterprise systems that leverage legacy resources and applications;

• High system performance, reliability, and delivery of service;

• Centralized resource management in a multi-server environment; and

• Extensive security functionality.

The following subsections describe these features.

Support for Open Standards/Technologies Interstage Application Server’s support for open standards and technologies allows you to benefit from the solutions offered by different vendors and platforms. In particular, web services including e-business and B2B solutions are available to you.

J2EE and CORBA Technologies Interstage Application Server complies with J2EE 1.4 (for JSP & Servlets) and the J2SE 5.0 standard developed by Sun Microsystems, as well as the Object Management Group’s CORBA standard.. These standards offer businesses application development with the benefits of multi-platform support, easily maintained code, distributed objects, and code reusability.

Interstage Application Server support includes Enterprise JavaBeans 2.0 and JSP 1.2, with an enhanced focus on Web applications. Existing J2EE 1.3-based applications are still supported.


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Figure 35 – Utilize Open Source Technologies

Interstage Application Server provides an environment that is fully compatible with open source software such as Struts, Apache and Tomcat. The default Web server supplied (Interstage HTTP Server) is fully compatible with Apache and the default Servlet execution environment supplied is fully compatible with Tomcat 4.1.

This enables Interstage applications to be developed and operated using the knowledge gained from previous use of open source software. This also means that new systems can be developed and maintained using existing developer skills.

Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) UDDI defines the set of services that provide details about businesses, organizations, and web service providers. These details include web services and the technical interfaces required to access them. UDDI exposes web services provided publicly as well as those offered internally within an organization.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) Extensible Markup Language (XML) is currently the standard industry format for structured documents and data on the web. Application Server supports both XML and ebXML (electronic business XML), a set of specifications for conducting XML message-based business over the web.

SOAP SOAP is a commonly used transport protocol for sending messages across a distributed network using a variety of communication protocols. SOAP messages can exchange documents, call remote procedures, and transmit web services messages. Most Web Services technologies currently use SOAP as the transport protocol.

Supported Technologies Interstage Application Server supports the implementation and execution of applications created on a number of platforms. Table 5 Supported


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TechnologiesTable 5 lists these platforms, with examples of the types of applications that can be built.

Table 5 Supported Technologies

Platform Applications/Services

Java component technology (J2EE 1.4)

J2EE 1.4 for Web applications (JSP & Servlets) and EJB 2.0 for Enterprise Components

Core distributed object technology (CORBA)

C/C++ and JAVA CORBA applications

Security/directory technology (X5.00/LDAP)

Security (firewall, HTTP tunneling, SSL, TLS, PKI)

Database technology (X/OPEN) Transaction applications

Asynchronous messaging technology JMS publish-subscribe and queue modes

Internet technology (IETF/W3C) HTTP Server

Web Services technology (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI)

Web Services, SOA, .NET applications

Broadband internet (IPv6)

Systems Integration Using the Interstage Application Server Framework, businesses can connect existing computer systems, including large mainframes, to new enterprise applications. This means existing IT assets can be leveraged, while seamlessly adding new web applications to a business system. The Application Server’s flexibility ensures that a business can grow and build new applications, while still having vital information from legacy systems at hand.

System Performance and Reliability Interstage Application Server’s high reliability and performance makes it ideal for mission-critical systems that must be available 24 hours a day. Application Server offers consistent service delivery and quick response times during high system demand, in addition to continued availability during server failures.

With the use of proven transaction technologies, including Hot Standby, Clustering, and Dynamic Application Changing, your business can achieve a high standard of performance.

Hot Standby The Application Server achieves reliability and system availability using Hot Standby. A Standby machine, configured with all required applications and settings, operates alongside the primary server and maintains a current copy of the primary server’s data. In the event of a system failure, the standby can immediately take over operation without loss of data or functionality.


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Figure 36 – Clustered Servers

Dynamic Application Changing For systems that need to run 24 hours a day, Interstage Application Server provides Dynamic Application Changing. This feature makes it possible to swap or add business applications and environment variables without stopping the system.

Distributed Transaction Function To prevent inconsistencies, this functionality guarantees atomicity for transactions spanning multiple databases. If a transaction on any one database fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.

Asynchronous Messaging Interstage Application Server supports asynchronous communications via Message Queues. The sending applications transmit messages which are stored on the Application Server. A receiving application can then retrieve and use the message. Since Interstage Application Server can also connect to a Global Server, it is also possible to link applications via a network.

Multi-server Management Multi-server management simplifies administration, resource deployment, and scalability with features including Deployment over Multiple Servers Simultaneously. Multi-server management allows businesses to utilize the processing power of multiple servers, while managing them from a single Interstage Management Console window. The benefits of multi-server management include high reliability, powerful processing, and built-in resource management.

Operation and Deployment of Multiple Servers Simultaneously Simultaneous operation of multiple servers streamlines configuration and setup by enabling you to centrally operate resources and logical business units on a group of servers. This reduces total operating costs, while also avoiding the potential for a particular resource to be configured incorrectly.


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Additionally, with a single simultaneous deployment operation, you can ensure that multiple applications are deployed in all required areas of the system at once. If an error occurs with any part of the deployment, a message detailing the problem is displayed in the Interstage Management Console.

Table 6Table 3 lists the resources that support operation and deployment of multiple servers simultaneously.

Table 6 Resources Supporting Operation and Deployment of Multiple Servers Simultaneously

Operation Target Operation Types

Work units (IJServer, CORBA)

New, Delete, Deploy, Undeploy, Modify Definition, Start, Stop, Block, Unblock

Interstage System Services (CORBA, Naming, Interface, Event, Transaction, Servlet)

Environment Settings, Start, Stop

Web server (Apache) New, Delete, Modify Definition, Start, Stop

Event Channel Generate, Delete, Environment Settings, Start, Stop

J2EE resources: JDBC, JavaMail, connector, JMS

Create, Delete, Modify


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Scalability Interstage Application Server offers improved scalability, with a reduced number of steps required to scale a site.

Multi-Server management allows servers to be added and removed to the site with minimal disruption to system operations. The added servers can immediately handle user requests without the need to manually recreate the configuration and deployment settings.

Reliability Since servers may be in distinct physical and geographic locations, a system failure (for example a power failure) on one machine will not necessarily prevent users from working.

Parallel Processing The parallel processing offered by a multi-server system provides the power and resource management required to run CPU-intensive applications.

Resource Balancing Servers have built-in resource balancing. Requests can be sent to underutilized resources during high activity periods, particularly when extra processing is required unexpectedly.

Security Interstage Application Server offers strong security functionality, including Single Sign-on, Directory Service, and SSL.

Single Sign-on Single Sign-on allows users to access multiple application servers and system resources with a single login. This offers greater security by reducing the number of passwords that needs to be maintained and accessed, in addition to simplifying and reducing security management.

Single Sign-on also offers an improved experience for end users, with only one user name and password required for a user to access multiple web servers and applications in the system.

Authentication Server and Repository Server support has been added for 64bit platforms in Interstage Application Server Version 9 so that now complete authentication infrastructure is available on 64bit systems. The authentication server verifies the entered user ID/password or certificate against the user information stored in the repository server. If authenticated, the user can use single sign-on. Refer to Figure 37.


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Figure 37 – Integrated authorization systems

Directory Service Interstage Directory Service is an LDAP-compatible Directory Service providing information on applications and resources in the system. Interstage Directory Service also provides user accounts and logins for implementing authentication. As an alternative to using the operating system security, from Interstage Version 7, users can log in to the Interstage Management Console using Interstage Directory Service authentication information. This is particularly useful for cross-platform business systems. Using Interstage Directory Service, only one set of passwords is required to access all of the servers, applications, and information distributed across the various operating systems.

Each user defined in Interstage Directory Service has an associated role and permissions. Applications can verify users' access to specific functionality based on the roles registered in Interstage Directory Service. In response to user requests to be able to restrict read and write access for specific data, Interstage Version 9 allows users to customize the basic Access Control and limit access to specific Interstage Directory Service data for any user. This provides additional security for repository data. In the latest version of Interstage Application Server, Interstage Directory Service also supports the Oracle database, adding to its existing support for Fujitsu Enabler and Symfoware.

SSL SSL functionality includes SSL server and client authentication, and SSL communication data encryption between the server and a client or between two servers.


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Lesson Review In this lesson we’ve looked at Interstage Application Server, one of the Foundation Suite products. We’ve seen that it provides:

• Support for open standards/technologies, including web services;

• Support for the J2EE and CORBA frameworks to build distributed scalable applications;

• A flexible framework on which to build enterprise systems that leverage legacy resources and applications;

• High system performance, reliability, and delivery of service;

• Centralized resource management in a multi-server environment; and

• Extensive security functionality.

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Lesson 6 CentraSite

Overview CentraSite is an award-winning SOA registry and repository offering improved analysis and control over SOA resources and activities. CentraSite provides all the features and facilities required for SOA Management and Governance

CentraSite is a joint development of Fujitsu Limited and Software AG. It offers advanced search capabilities by leveraging UDDI v3.0 and metadata models, delivers pre-defined reporting modules, and an AJAX-based interface as well as an Eclipse Registry Browser to easily find critical SOA assets.

Figure 38 shows the positioning of CentraSite within the SOA middleware architecture.

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Figure 38 - SOA Middleware Architecture - CentraSite


• Describe CentraSite, the benefits it offers, and the features it provides;

• Name the available product editions and list the differences between those editions; and

• Describe the features it provides for, and role it plays in, SOA Management and Governance.

Lesson 6 CentraSite

64

Introduction to CentraSite CentraSite is the only standards-based SOA registry and repository jointly developed by Fujitsu and Software AG. As the central "SOA Store" for the enterprise, CentraSite offers greater visibility and control of integrated SOA based applications, it supports better decision-making, and increases productivity. It serves as a Web-services and SOA-asset-management platform, holding all enterprise's metadata assets (the DNA of enterprise applications), and offering reports on usage.

The end result is SOA governance, which is achieved through:

• Complete SOA lifecycle management, based on open standards;

• Better reliability - understanding impact of changes in your SOA before they are made; and

• Improved transparency and enhanced collaboration across the organization.

CentraSite offers maximum management and governance of an organization’s SOA by providing a central repository of SOA metadata, along with analysis of this data and the ability to incorporate centralized policies. This level of visibility and analysis enables organizations to minimize the risk of business disruption associated with transitioning their infrastructures to an SOA. It creates an environment for improved governance by enabling organizations to store, track, and analyze processes and their underlying services, including interdependencies, resulting in greater business agility and cost effectiveness.

CentraSite has been openly designed for complete loosely-coupled integration with Interstage and solutions from other top-tier SOA solution providers. Fujitsu and Software AG have also announced the launch of the CentraSite Community, the first standards-based SOA forum. The CentraSite Community is an initiative that brings 20 vendors together to create a complete service-oriented architecture (SOA) ecosystem.

“Successfully managing and governing SOA assets is a critical step in the maturation of an SOA portfolio,” said Daryl Plummer, managing vice president and Gartner fellow. “Organizations that are going through the SOA maturity cycle will use governance as a critical success factor.”

CentraSite is designed for both developers and business analysts. CentraSite’s new AJAX-based user interface makes it easier for business users to implement the services required to solve their specific issues. Also new is an Eclipse-based CentraSite plug-in that helps developers to easily integrate with existing Eclipse-based development environments.

Lesson 6 CentraSite

65

Product Editions CentraSite is available in two editions:

• CentraSite Community Edition

This is available free of charge upon request3. The Community Edition offers UDDI V3 search using predefined metadata models, a JAXR interface to stored instances of artifacts, WebDAV access to the SOA repository, predefined reporting modules, and both a Web-based interface as well as an Eclipse Registry Browser.

• CentraSite Enterprise Edition

This is a stand-alone product that addresses SOA management and governance in an open, standards-based environment. The CentraSite Enterprise Edition offers all the capabilities of the Community Edition along with an extensible data model, additional user interfaces and access methods, and customizable reporting.

Table 7 lists the features provided by CentraSite and summarizes the differences between the two editions.

3 To request a free copy of CentraSite Community Edition go to the following website: http://www.infoq.com/zones/centrasite/download/centrasite

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67

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Lesson 6 CentraSite

69

Lesson Review In this lesson we looked at CentraSite, an-award-winning SOA registry and repository, which offers improved analysis and control over SOA resources and activities.

In summary, CentraSite is available in two editions: a free-to-use, downloadable Community Edition, and an Enterprise Edition.

The key benefits that it offers an organization are:

• leveraging open standards to facilitate re-use;

• creating a flexible, collaborative SOA environment; and

• facilitating safe change management.

By offering these key benefits, CentraSite provides all the features and facilities required for SOA Management and Governance.

Lesson 7 Interstage XWand

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Overview Interstage XWand is Fujitsu’s product for financial integration, which includes a full-featured industrial-strength IDE and toolkit that lets you build and deploy applications and/or documents based on the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). The API and the IDE fully support XBRL 2.1 and 2.0.


• Describe XBRL and the necessity for having a standard financial reporting format;

• Describe Interstage XWand, the benefits it offers, and the features it provides;


• Describe, and understand the use of, the Interstage XWand components.


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Introduction The eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is an electronic format for simplifying the flow of financial statements, performance reports, accounting records and other financial information between software programs. This royalty-free, open specification is being developed collaboratively to make it less costly for companies to publish financial information in a format that can be easily viewed and used by management, investors, regulators and all participants in financial markets.

XBRL is an XML-based framework that provides the financial community a standards-based method to prepare, publish in a variety of formats, reliably extract and automatically exchange the financial statements of public and private companies and public sector agencies. XBRL enhances the usability and transparency of financial information reported under existing accounting standards, simplifies disclosure and allows companies to communicate financial information more readily via the internet.

Figure 39 below shows some of the uses for XBRL.

Figure 39 - Multiple data transformations

XBRL can be used to digitally publish financial statements and other accounting disclosures for organizations of all sizes. An XBRL-based financial statement is a digitally enhanced financial statement, which includes information like the balance sheet, income statement, statement of equity, statement of cash flows, notes to the financial statements as well as the accountant's report. 'XBRL for Financial Statements' enables a dramatic improvement in the processing of financial reports. XBRL documents can be prepared efficiently, exchanged reliably, published more easily and analyzed quickly.


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Issues with paper-based reporting There are two major issues with paper-based reporting, namely:

• Repeated error-prone data entry; and

• Limited transparency and compliance with legislation

To fully appreciate the benefits of using Interstage XWand it is first necessary to understand these issues.

Repeated error prone data entry Paper is the primary means of exchanging financial data reporting between corporations, banks, investors, analysts and supervisory authorities. At the origin of the reports the data is usually extracted from an IT based system or Application, formatted into a proprietary report and then the printed copy sent to various parties. The report receiver in turn may input the data into another system, reformat it and then send this copy to various parties. At each step, where data is transcribed manually, is an opportunity for errors to be introduced.

Limited transparency and compliance Inadequate checks on the process involved in generating financial reports and the lack of standardization of the reports themselves have led to fraudulent reporting practices amongst corporations. The rise of such corporate frauds has resulted in increased regulatory demands for transparency in corporate financial reporting.

The demand for more transparency in financial reporting has been incorporated in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Basel II initiative and others. These necessitate increased corporate responsibility, auditor independence and more stringent and visible financial reporting practices.

Interstage XWand Interstage XWand is an application development and runtime environment for building and deploying full-feature, industrial strength XBRL applications. It's an important solution component for regulatory compliance and greater transparency in financial reporting.

Interstage XWand is a great choice when you want to:

• Extend enterprise reporting transparency

• Comply with governmental reporting regulations

• Simplify and speed-up financial reporting

Interstage XWand is equipped with tools to create and process XBRL taxonomies and instances compliant with XBRL 2.0 and XBRL 2.1 specifications.

Utility tools for comparing taxonomies and transforming XBRL documents for storage into the Oracle 10g database provide additional savings of resources and time.

Benefits Interstage XWand provides the means for IT based solutions to automatically extract the financial data and format it into XBRL reports, which can then be sent via the Internet. While eliminating paper from the entire reporting process, it also


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reduces the time to generate the reports and also decreases the possibility of errors inherent in the manual entry and reentry of data.

Figure 40 - XBRL for data integration of Financial Systems

Interstage XWand is one of the first, fully compliant XBRL 2.1 development environments. Interstage XWand is available with two APIs, to supply the needs of those working in different platforms:

• Java API: 100% Java and will run on any platform that supports the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Interstage XWand provides a comprehensive Library of Java classes, an API for rapid XBRL application development, and a runtime environment for execution.

• .NET API, for the Microsoft Windows .NET platform.

Compliance with New Legislation Interstage XWand facilitates the development of XBRL solutions and implements the enabling technology for compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley, Basel II, and new SEC filing requirements. It provides a framework for the development of standards-based methods to prepare, publish and analyze financial statements.

Reduces XBRL Application Development Time Interstage XWand allows developers to focus on the problem domain and on application-specific issues rather than on low-level XBRL implementation details, reducing development time and allowing companies to bring XBRL solutions to market faster.

Simplifies Financial Reporting Through standardization, Interstage XWand revolutionizes the way in which business information is reported, accessed and analyzed. This significantly eases the process of distributing financial information and increases the accuracy of such information by eliminating the need to unnecessarily input data.


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Rich Interface Interstage XWand provides a rich API allowing developers to work at the application level, rather than the XBRL level. This allows the developer to focus on the problem domain and deliver solutions to the market faster. Functions including the creation of taxonomies and their verification, creation of instances, and translation of instance data from one taxonomy to another are available to the developer. Three different document data models are supported—instances, taxonomies and the combination of both.

Figure 41 - Interstage XWand’s XBRL 2.1 Java API

Run-time Environment Interstage XWand comes complete with an XBRL processor (as a Java library) providing application developers with runtime support for deploying XBRL solutions.

Features To provide the benefits described in the previous subsection, Interstage XWand offers the following key features:

• Support for open standards;

• A rich API;

• Support for Java and .NET runtime environments;

• Constant enhancement to support next generation functionality; and

• Support for the latest XBRL specification.

Open Standards Interstage XWand provides support for development and deployment on the Java platform. XBRL solutions developed using Interstage XWand can thus leverage a wide variety of deployment and connectivity opportunities, from Servlets and EJBs


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to legacy applications. Interstage XWand also provides support for the .NET platform extending the realms into which XBRL solutions can be developed and deployed.

Rich Interface Interstage XWand provides a rich API totally encompassing all the XBRL related details, allowing developers to focus on their problem domain and deliver solutions to the market faster. Functions including the creation of taxonomies and their verification, creation of instances, and translation of instance data from one taxonomy to another are available to the developer.

Figure 42 - Interstage XWand’s IDE - Taxonomy Editor

Run-time Environment Interstage XWand supports Java and Microsoft .NET environment. Interstage XWand comes complete with an XBRL processor (as Java and .NET libraries) providing application developers with runtime support for deploying XBRL solutions.

Powerful and Easy IDE Interstage XWand IDE for XBRL comprises of tools to create, edit and manage XBRL 2.1 documents. Validation, custom report creation and conversion from XBRL 2.0 documents make Interstage XWand the leading IDE for XBRL. Editing using drag-and-drop and support for multiple viewing choices keep Interstage XWand IDE simple and easy to use editing.


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Figure 43 - Interstage XWand’s IDE - Instance Editor

Next Generation Functionality Interstage XWand supports the transformation of XBRL instance and it’s taxonomies into XML documents which can be stored into a relational database, extending the reaches of XBRL. Interstage XWand is constantly enhanced to support new and emerging needs of the XBRL specification.

Latest XBRL Specification support Interstage XWand supports the latest XBRL specification, XBRL 2.0 and XBRL 2.1.

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Figure 45 - Services Supported by Interstage XWand

Let’s now look at the Interstage XWand components in more detail.

Taxonomy Editor The Taxonomy Editor is an application used to create and edit taxonomies compliant with the XBRL 2.1 Specification. This application graphically represents taxonomy structures, and enables users to create various taxonomies through simple operations. It provides functions to separately manage five different linkbases (Presentation, Calculation, Definition, Label, and Reference) that express relationships among element definitions specific to XBRL. Further information on these linkbases is provided in Lesson 7, Technologies.

The Taxonomy Editor is useful not only as an editor but also as a taxonomy browser and a tool for learning about the XBRL 2.1 Specification. Refer to Figure 46 below.

Figure 46 - Interstage XWand’s Taxonomy Editor


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The following list highlights the features of the Taxonomy Editor:

• Full compliance with the XBRL 2.1 Specification Taxonomies created with the Taxonomy Editor are fully compliant with the XBRL 2.1 Specification. The Taxonomy Editor can read XBRL 2.1 taxonomies created with other tools.

• Separate linkbase views Linkbases are shown in tree views, one linkbase per page, on a pane. This greatly saves labor in editing linkbases.

• Graphical linkbase views Tree view for each links provides a comprehensible view on the parent/child relationships between items/tuples.

• Simple operations using drag and drop function Drag and drop functions to add or edit links easily are supported.

• Support of taxonomy extension An existing taxonomy can be imported as a base taxonomy which can then be easily extended to meet new needs.

• Support of CSV file import/export Interstage XWand supports CSV file import/export, allowing it to create taxonomies by operating in combination with other tools that support CSV.

The following software is required to use the Taxonomy Editor:

• Java J2SDK Standard Edition version 1.4.2 or later, or,

• Java 2 Platform Standard Edition Development Kit 5.0

• Microsoft .NET Framework version 1.1, 2.0, or 3.0

• Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 or later (MSXML 3.0 SP3 or later)

Instance Creator The Instance Creator is an application to create and edit instance documents compliant with the XBRL 2.1 Specification.

This application graphically represents taxonomy structures, and enables users to create instance documents through simple operations. It effectively utilizes five XBRL linkbases (Presentation, Calculation, Definition, Label, and Reference) that express relationships among element definitions specific to XBRL.


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Figure 47 - Interstage XWand’s Instance Creator

The following highlights the features of the Instance Creator:

• Graphical linkbase views A tree view for each link provides a comprehensible view on the parent/child relationships between items/tuples. With this view, you can find out quickly where to input data in the Input Table pane.

• Support of tuple input It is easy to create and edit an instance document with tuples. The Tree view of an instance document visually helps you create and edit data.

• Full compliance with the XBRL 2.1 Specification Instance documents created with the Instance Creator are fully compliant with the XBRL 2.1 Specification. The Instance Creator can read XBRL 2.1 taxonomies and instance documents created with other tools.

• Support of footnote input It is possible to describe footnote information to be added based on financial data as footnote links specified in the XBRL 2.1 Specification. With this function, footnotes can be created and edited. Furthermore, existing footnote information can be linked to other elements.

• Support of CSV file input / output function Data can be input from and output to a CSV file using templates generated by this application.

The following software is required to use the Instance Creator:




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Taxonomy Diff The Taxonomy Diff tool is an application that can compare two taxonomies compliant with the XBRL 2.1 Specification. It displays the two taxonomies side by side, and highlights the differences. In addition, it represents taxonomy structures graphically. The Taxonomy Diff is useful for taxonomy administrators to compare and check the difference between an original taxonomy and a modified taxonomy.

The following highlights the features of The Taxonomy Diff.

• Side-by-side comparison of two taxonomies Elements, attributes, and documentation information are shown side by side.

• Easy-to-understand presentation of the differences between two taxonomies Easy-to-understand icons are used to represent the differences between the two taxonomies.

The following software is required to use the Taxonomy Diff:






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Figure 48 - Interstage XWand’s Taxonomy Diff

Once the target taxonomy files are loaded, they are displayed side by side. The leftmost column displays an icon representing the result of the comparison (“=” for equal matching elements, “+” when it is in the first taxonomy but not in the second, “-“ when it is in the second but not in the first, and “/=” when there is a mismatch).

The filter option is used to set special matching or mismatching criteria for sections of the taxonomies. The Search option is used to restrict the view further to a special range of the taxonomies being compared.

The DTS tab page shows the import reference structures of the discoverable taxonomy sets for the specified taxonomies. These are shown side by side.

The message area at the bottom of the screen is used to display output messages from the application.

Interstage XWand Processor Interfaces The XBRL processor handles instance documents and taxonomies as defined in the XBRL 2.1 Specification. It utilizes a model of the syntax defined in the XBRL 2.1 Specification so that XBRL documents can be used in a Java execution environment.

The XBRL data models are classified into the following three types:

• Models common to instance documents and taxonomies; including: - interfaces for XBRLDocument, Instance, XMLSchema, and Linkbase, and, - interfaces for different types of links (ResourceLink, RelationLink, etc).

• Models specific to an instance document; including: - interfaces for InstanceElement, Context, Unit, FootnoteLink, etc


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• Models specific to taxonomies; including: - interfaces for XMLSchema, - interfaces for different types of Links (PresentationLink, CalculationLink, etc)

The XBRL processor provides functions to facilitate the operations on XBRL data models. These functions include:

• Creating an XBRL data model

• Saving an XBRL data model

• Referencing data in an XBRL document

• Modifying data in an XBRL document

DB Adapter The DB Adapter provides Java Libraries to convert XBRL 2.0-compliant XBRL documents into formats that are fit to be stored into an Oracle Database 10g.

It also provides sample Java source files showing how to load and convert an XBRL document, and store the converted document into an Oracle Database 10g.

The DB Adapter is useful for developers to develop applications to store XBRL documents into Oracle Database 10g.

DB Adapter can create “composite” XML documents, based on information in taxonomy files and an instance document. Composite documents solve the XLink references into XML, which may be later manipulated with DOM, or SAX, and XSLT technologies.


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Lesson Review In this lesson we first looked at the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), an electronic format for simplifying the flow of financial statements, performance reports, accounting records and other financial information between software programs.

With the knowledge of XBRL, we then looked at Interstage XWand, an application development and runtime environment for building and deploying full-feature, industrial strength XBRL applications. In particular, we saw that it is an important component for meeting regulatory compliance and providing greater transparency in financial reporting.

In summary, Interstage XWand is available in 3 versions: Interstage XWand Developer, Interstage XWand Personal Runtime, and Interstage XWand Server Runtime. The Interstage XWand Developer offers the complete set of features including a runtime library, APIs, integrated development environment and developer resources such as sample code and reference material. The other two versions contain subsets of those features.

In addition, we saw that the integrated development environment provides a number of key components that provide the tools and facilities required to define and edit instance documents, and to define, generate, and compare taxonomies.

By offering these key benefits, Interstage XWand provides all the features and facilities to meet the needs of regulatory compliance and greater transparency in financial reporting.

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Lesson 8 Interstage Studio

Overview Interstage Studio provides an integrated development environment based on the Eclipse 3 platform. It provides a rich user–friendly, all-in-one integrated development environment which can be enhanced by a large range of independent tools available in many areas ranging from application design and development through to testing.

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• Describe Interstage Studio and the benefits it offers, and the features it provides;


• Describe, and understand the use of, the Interstage Studio development environment.


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Introduction Interstage Studio provides an integrated development environment based on the Eclipse 3 platform. Interstage Studio provides a rich user–friendly, all-in-one integrated development environment which can be enhanced by a large range of independent tools available in many areas ranging from application design and development through to testing.

In addition to supporting the development of J2EE-based server applications (JSP/Servlet/EJB, SOAP) and Java applications such as Applets, Interstage Studio also supports the development of COBOL and CORBA applications.

Figure 50 Interstage Studio development environment

Interstage Studio allows direct linkage between the development environment and Interstage Application Server runtime environment. This allows easy deployment of application resources as well as integrated testing and debugging to be done from within the Interstage Studio environment.

Additionally, batch deployment is possible to multiple Interstage Application Servers grouped using the Multi Server Management functionality. Cumbersome operations that were part of testing and creation of the operating environment can now be simplified.

Interstage Studio provides a user/development environment for components including EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans). The availability of a wide variety of high productivity tools such as components and a screen form designer means that component-oriented development can be efficiently performed.


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Also provided is a Web/EJB application framework that supports rapid development of applications with outstanding productivity, scalability and maintainability. Interstage Studio offers further development efficiency by providing an environment by which the entire development life cycle is covered and includes a set of framework functions that reinforce good development practices.

Product Editions The following table shows the editions in which Interstage Studio is available:

Table 9 -Interstage Studio Editions

Product Overview

Interstage Studio Standard-J Edition

Integrated development environment supporting development of Java-based Web applications (J2EE).

Interstage Studio Enterprise Edition

All of the functions of the Standard-J Edition plus COBOL/CORBA development environments.

Interstage Studio Client Runtime Package

An execution environment for client applications developed using Interstage Studio

Interstage Studio Standard-J and Enterprise Editions support development of many types of applications from Web-based Help Desks and EJB/Web services to development of electronic forms. A Java integration environment that supports the entire development lifecycle is available from the design phase through to the implementation phase.

A set of framework functions are provided with the development suite to provide high quality/high productivity and extendibility/maintainability for J2EE application development.

Interstage Studio Interstage Studio is a component-oriented integrated development environment for efficiently constructing systems. The Interstage Studio environment can be extended using established and proven frameworks and design modeling tools. The Studio environment enables development of systems that support network computing environments such as Java and SOAP based technologies for the web.

This powerful and flexible environment has been made possible by basing Studio on open standard infrastructure technologies and by thoroughly adopting the latest technologies.

In addition to providing environments for using and developing components such as Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), Interstage Studio is also equipped with a large number of practical components, as well as a diverse range of high-productivity tools such as screen and form designers. These make component-oriented development much more efficient.


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Industry standard Workbench At the core of the Interstage Studio platform is the Eclipse 3 Workbench which was developed through the open source Eclipse project. It provides an environment into which third party editors and other tools can be integrated. Interstage Studio provides a seamlessly integrated source editor and debugger to support high operability from coding to testing.

The Interstage Studio environment provides many advanced productivity features such as refactoring for batch modification of class/method names in source files, real time syntax checking of source code entered in the source editor, and various wizards for Web system construction. This rich functionality provides an environment in which more efficient application development can be performed.

Editing of different file types such as HTML or JSP files normally requires switching to a different tool. However such tools are integrated into the Interstage Studio workbench so applications can be developed more efficiently without having to stop the flow of development by switching to a different tool.

Interstage Studio supports the development of COBOL applications within the rich development environment. This allows COBOL applications to be developed efficiently using the same standard operability as Java application development.

Figure 51 Interstage Studio Workbench environment

Web Application Development Interstage Studio supports the efficient development of web based server side JSP and Servlet applications based on J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition). To speed up the development of such applications, Interstage Studio provides a wizard that can automatically generate Servlet template source code, as well as a page editor that can be used to design the JSP screens using a screen designer or a text editor.


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Figure 52 Editing a JSP file using the JSP editor in Interstage Studio

Additionally, support is provided for the development of applications using JSF (Java Server Faces). Development of event-driven type applications either as stand-alone or Windows applications can be achieved within Interstage Studio by directly linking processes to components visually.

The following tools are provided which can assist Web application development:

• An editor that can be used to edit in an image during application development

• Component type conversion, event control, input value check linking functionality

• Data model mapping functionality

• Screen transition definition functionality

Additionally a set of, high-performance, business tags for JSF development is contained in the Apcoordinator framework supplied with Interstage Studio. These tags can be used very easily within an application, to allow the development of more complex Web application with ease.


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Figure 53 Developing a JSF Application in Interstage Studio


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EJB Component Development Interstage Studio provides a wizard that automatically generates EJB component template source code. This means that EJB applications that follow EJB 2.0 CMP specifications can be developed rapidly and efficiently.

Figure 54 Using the EJB generation wizard to create EJB files and Deployment Descriptor


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Web Service Application Development (SOAP) Interstage Studio provides a Web service development wizard. This wizard streamlines the creation of a Web service to expose existing EJB/CORBA resources as a service.

The wizard also allows the generated web service to be exposed as a service to the network according to SOAP specifications. It can also create applications which can consume the generated Web service.

Figure 55 Web Service Development Support


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Java Component Development Interstage Studio provides a visual development environment to allow creation of applet screen which are executed in a client Web browser side. Applets and JavaBeans can be developed efficiently.

Figure 56 Using the Wizard to Create a Java Applet or Java Bean


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CORBA Application Development Interstage Studio provides a wizard that automatically generates an industry standard CORBA server application template source code and IDL. Interstage Studio also supports the development of CORBA client applications that are linked with to CORBA sever applications. This allows CORBA linked applications to be developed efficiently.

Additionally, by selecting the target application option in the wizard, development using COBOL is also possible (the Fujitsu NetCOBOL product needs to be installed to support this).

Figure 57 Using the wizard to generate CORBA server application template source code


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Seamless Linkage to Application Server Interstage Studio can be seamlessly linked to Interstage Application Server. This allows rapid development, deployment and testing for applications designed to run on Interstage Application Server.

Figure 58 Seamless linkage to Application Server

Operating Environment Resource Deployment Application resources can be easily and rapidly deployed to the application operating environment from within the Interstage Studio development environment through a simple operation. Interstage Studio allows ‘HotDeploy’ and undeployment of applications directly.

By utilizing the Multi Server batch deployment function of Interstage Application Server’s Multi Server Management function, batch deployment of operating assets to a wide variety of systems, such as 2 & 3-tier systems and scalable system structures, is possible. As a result, system administration/operational costs can be reduced.

Figure 59 Easy Deployment to Operating Environment


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Debug Environments Because of the close linkage between Interstage Studio and Interstage Application Server, application debug and testing can be performed through simple procedures or operations. Either of the following can be selected and used as the debug environment.

• Stand-alone environment (Interstage Application Server and Interstage Studio are installed on the same machine). Since a separate server machine is not required, the debug environment can be provided at low cost. In a stand-alone environment, debug tasks for server applications such as Web applications, EJB, and Web services can be performed simply and easily. Additionally, because of the automatic deployment functionality for the application when debug is performed, the number of steps needed for the tasks from development to debug, is drastically reduced

• Remote system (Interstage Application Server and Interstage Studio are installed on different machines). This allows debugging in an environment which is closer to the actual production environment. The debug tasks for the Server application can be performed for an application deployed to a remote server in the same way as for a stand-alone environment.

Runtime Environment Expansion Interstage Studio provides functions which allow easy and rapid distribution and registration of Web applications, J2EE applications, and Web service applications to the runtime environment.

Figure 60 Client Runtime Environment


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Lesson Review In this lesson we found that Interstage Studio was based on the popular open source development environment Eclipse 3 and that it was available in three editions: Interstage Studio Standard-J Edition, Interstage Studio Enterprise Edition and Interstage Studio Client Runtime.

We then found that the rich workbench provided within Interstage Studio allows the development of a broad range of Web based applications such as Servlet, JSP, JSF and Web service applications. Interstage Studio also supports the development of Enterprise applications such as EJB components, CORBA client and server applications as well as COBOL applications.

We saw that Interstage Studio has a close linkage with Interstage Application Server which supports rapid application development, deployment and testing from with the Interstage Studio environment. This also allows Interstage Studio to take advantage of the Multi Server Management feature of Interstage Application Server to deploy applications to many servers at once.

By offering these key benefits, Interstage Studio provides all the features and facilities to meet the needs for the development of a broad range of both Web and Enterprise applications.

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Lesson 9 Technologies

Overview The Interstage suite of products uses a very wide range of industry standard technologies. The following sections give a very brief overview of some of the more important technologies used.

• J2EE;

• Business Process Management Technologies;

• XML;

• XBRL;

• SOA Technologies;

• CORBA; and

• Security


• List the key technologies used by Interstage; and

• Describe (in overview) each of those technologies.


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J2EE J2EE (Java2 Enterprise Edition) is a platform that provides server side java technology facilitating industrial strength software for business systems and electronic commerce.

Figure 61 - Java 2 Server Platform

In addition to those features offered by J2SE (Java2 Standard Edition), J2EE provides various APIs for server side execution of Java technologies such as Java Servlets, JSP, and EJB.

J2EE is an install option with Interstage Application Server (or it can be installed separately). J2EE along with the data base system and the Web server is used to provide industry standard functionality.

In Interstage V9.0, the following Java2 platform technologies are available for installation.

• Java2 SDK SE V1.4 (Development environment for Java applications)

• Java2SE 5.0 (Development environment for Java applications)

• J2EE 1.4 (execution environment)

• AJAX (front-end client-side technology)

• EJB 2.0 (Java application component programming)

• JSF, and Servlet 2.3 are Java web-tier technologies

• JMS1.0.2 (messaging for Java)

• JCA1.0 (Connected architecture of Java)

• MIDP (de facto standard Java API for portable terminals)


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Business Process Management Technologies Interstage supports the following Business Process Management (BPM) technologies:

• WebDAV: a set of extensions to HTTP which allows users to edit and manage files collaboratively on remote Web servers.

• BPMN: Business Process Modeling Notation is a standarized graphical notation for drawing businesss processes in a workflow. This graphical language consists of flow objects (event nodes, activity rectangles, decision gateways), connecting objects (sequence flow, message flow, association), swimlanes (to organize activities into categories), artifacts (data, group, annotation) bring more information into the model/diagram.

• BPEL: Business Process Execution Language is an executable business process modeling language. It is an orchestration language describing the central control of behavior, and providing a global view of the system.

• XPDL: The XML Processing Definition Language is a format standardized by the WfMC to interchange Business Process definitions between different workflow products like modeling tools and workflow engines. XPDL defines a XML schema for specifying the declarative part of workflow.

• Wf-XML 2.0 is a BPM standard developed by the Workflow Management Coalition using WDSL. It provides a capability to monitor running services, and to be informed of changes in status.


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XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a Meta language that has been derived from the very comprehensive publishing markup language called Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Refer to Figure 8-2.

HTML almost conforms to the XML standard. However, unlike HTML, XML does not allow open ended tags.

Figure 62 - Uses of XML

Interstage V9.0 utilizes the following XML technologies: • SOAP1.2 (Simple Object Access Protocol)

• UDDI2.0/UDDI4J (Universal Description Discovery Integration)

• XLink (The use of the link description and XBRL ).

• RosettaNet RNIF1.1/2.0 (XML specification for electronic commerce)

• EbXML2.0 (XML specification concerning electronic commerce)

• UML/XMI (Unified Modeling Language/XML Metadata Interchange)

• SWAP (Simple Workflow Access Protocol)


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XBRL The eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), which is used in Interstage XWand, is an open, free, platform-independent, international industry standard language, based on XML, for the timely, accurate, efficient, and cost-effective electronic storage, manipulation, repurposing, and communication of financial and business reporting data.

Its strength lies in its combination of XML-based reporting technology and the efforts of accountants around the world who are collaborating to achieve encapsulation of national and international accounting standards into XBRL format.

XBRL consists of:

• a Discoverable Taxonomy Set (DTS), which consists of:

o Taxonomy A Taxonomy is a hierarchical collection of definitions and relationships, used to describe financial elements.

o Taxonomy Extensions Taxonomy Extensions are used to create specific taxonomies, which add definitions to the base taxonomies, according to a specific vertical market, or particular to a company.

• XBRL Instance Document An XBRL instance document contains financial data values in accordance with the definitions specified I XBRL Schemas and linkbases. These values may be numbers or strings, and are valid for a specific period, and using a specific currency.

A Taxonomy consists of:

• XBRL Schema

• Linkbases

An XBRL Schema is a collection of formal definitions, specified using the XML Schema language, for financial terms that appear in financial reports.

Linkbases are groups of definitions, specified using the XML Link and XML Pointer languages. These definitions describe relationships (hierarchical representations for display, formulas, calculations, etc) between the different financial terms.

There are five official linkbases, grouped into two categories:

• Resource Links Links that relate XBRL elements with external resources.

o Label Linkbase Relates XBRL elements to labels in different languages.

o Reference Linkbase Relates XBRL elements to section of books where they are defined, such as financial legislation, etc

• Relationship Links Links that relate XBRL elements to each other according to certain criteria.

o Presentation Linkbase Relates XBRL elements hierarchically for their display


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(presentation) in documents such as Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, etc.

o Calculation Linkbase Expresses how the different financial terms are added or subtracted in a report.

o Definition Linkbase Relates XBRL elements to definitions, synonyms, or similar expressions.

A new addition to the standard is the Dimensions Linkbase, which Interstage XWand already supports. It allows the definition of a collection of links used for business intelligence (BI) analysis. It prepares financial data to be later manipulated by BI tools in a way that can give insight into trends and precedence of the data.

Using Dimensions, a report might be produced that gives a summary of sales by product, company division, geographical area, and time period, for example.

Another linkbase, which is currently under development, is the Formula Linkbase, which will allow the representation of financial formulas in a way much more sophisticated than the one currently allowed by the Calculation Linkbase.


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SOA Technologies The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is based on the following technologies:

• XML for data representation;

• SOAP as a mechanism for message exchange;

• WSDL for registering services; and

• UDDI for discovering services.

Refer to Figure 63.

Figure 63 - SOAP

XML is used to represent data in a standardized manner, which facilitates the adding of meaning and context to any piece of information transmitted across internet protocols. WSDL, UDDI, and SOAP are XML technologies.

The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is used as a wrapper for messages exchanged between Web Services. It was originally designed to unify (and in some cases replace) proprietary RPC communication.

The Web Service Description Language (WSDL) is used to publish the capabilities (public interface) of a Web Service. This information is crucial to assign its identity and to enable its invocation.

UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) provides the potential for Web services to be registered in a central location, from where they can be discovered by service requestors.

WSDL and UDDI are used in CentraSite, and Service Integrator. App Server facilitates the creation of all of these technologies.


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CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture: CORBA is an architecture and specification for creating, distributing, and managing distributed program objects in a network.

It allows programs at different locations and developed by different vendors to communicate in a network through an "interface broker." CORBA was developed under the auspices of the OMG (Object Management Group) and has been sanctioned by both ISO and X/Open as the standard architecture for distributed objects (also known as components).

Figure 64 – Use of CORBA


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Security Interstage utilizes a number of technologies that in combination provide a secure access environment.

Figure 65 - Security

Interstage V9.0 installs the following security technologies:

• SSL3.0/TLS1.0128 bit code (Secure Socket Layer)

• LDAP V3 (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

• JAAS (Java Authorization and Authentication Service)

• IPsec (VPN protocol)

• WS-Security (Web service security)


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Lesson Review In this, the final lesson of the Coursebook, we’ve taken a brief look at the key technologies used by Interstage. For details on how these technologies are used by Interstage you should refer to the relevant lesson(s) earlier in the Coursebook.

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ICA Version 9 - Fujitsu1 Lesson 1 Introduction to SOA Overview Interstage is a suite of middleware...

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