Ice Breaker

In your new packet, find the first section In your new packet, find the first section that shows solids, liquids, and gasses (the that shows solids, liquids, and gasses (the three boxes). Draw the structure of the three boxes). Draw the structure of the molecules in these three phases in those molecules in these three phases in those boxes. Be sure to label!boxes. Be sure to label!

Solids, Liquids, and Gasses

Miss CharneyMiss Charney

Northville Central SchoolNorthville Central School

Solids, Liquids, Gasses

Recall the structure of solids, liquids, and Recall the structure of solids, liquids, and gasses…gasses… SolidsSolids- more tightly packed, little - more tightly packed, little

movement, in colder temperaturesmovement, in colder temperatures LiquidsLiquids- more spread out, more - more spread out, more

movement, in warmer temperaturesmovement, in warmer temperatures GassesGasses- much more spread out, most - much more spread out, most

movement, with higher temperaturesmovement, with higher temperatures

Kinetic Theory

Kinetic theory is an explanation of how particles Kinetic theory is an explanation of how particles in matter behavein matter behave

Three assumptionsThree assumptions All matter is composed of small particles All matter is composed of small particles

(atoms, molecules, ions)(atoms, molecules, ions) Particles are in constant random motionParticles are in constant random motion Particles are colliding with each other and Particles are colliding with each other and

the walls of their containerthe walls of their container

Solids

Little movementLittle movement Tightly packed Tightly packed

togethertogether Form into a Form into a

geometric geometric arrangement when arrangement when in a solid statein a solid state

Liquids

More movementMore movement More spread outMore spread out Melting PointMelting Point- temperature - temperature

at which a solid begins to at which a solid begins to liquefyliquefy

Heat of FusionHeat of Fusion- the amount - the amount of energy needed to move a of energy needed to move a substance from the solid to substance from the solid to the liquid phasethe liquid phase

Gasses Most movementMost movement Very spread outVery spread out Boiling PointBoiling Point- the temperature at - the temperature at

which the pressure of the vapor which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquidsurface of the liquid

Heat of VaporizationHeat of Vaporization- the - the amount of energy required for the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to liquid at its boiling point to become a gasbecome a gas

Think-Pair-Share

What do the following terms mean to you? What do the following terms mean to you? (be sure to use the terms solid, liquid, or (be sure to use the terms solid, liquid, or gas):gas): MeltingMelting FreezingFreezing EvaporationEvaporation CondensationCondensation

Heating Properties of Liquids

MeltingMelting- solid to liquid- solid to liquid EvaporationEvaporation- liquid to gas- liquid to gas CondensationCondensation- gas to liquid- gas to liquid Freezing/SolidificationFreezing/Solidification- liquid to solid- liquid to solid SubliminationSublimination- solid to a gas- solid to a gas

Melting

Evaporation

Condensation

Freezing

Plasma PlasmaPlasma- matter consisting of - matter consisting of

positively and negatively positively and negatively charged particles. charged particles. These particles collide These particles collide

with each other at high with each other at high speeds, causing large speeds, causing large amounts of lightamounts of light

Examples of plasma include Examples of plasma include the the Sun, neon lights, Sun, neon lights, lightning bolts, and auroraslightning bolts, and auroras

Thermal Expansion Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion- As substances increase - As substances increase

in temperature, they increase in sizein temperature, they increase in size As the kinetic energy of a substance increases As the kinetic energy of a substance increases

(gets warmer), then the particles move farther (gets warmer), then the particles move farther away from each otheraway from each other

As the kinetic energy of a substance decreases As the kinetic energy of a substance decreases (gets colder), then the particles move closer(gets colder), then the particles move closer

Why Water is Interesting The way in which water The way in which water

is structured, when it is structured, when it cools, there is a creation cools, there is a creation of larger pockets of larger pockets between molecules between molecules Compared to water, Compared to water,

these ice pockets are these ice pockets are larger, so that is why larger, so that is why water expands when water expands when you freeze ityou freeze it

Therefore, ice becomes Therefore, ice becomes less dense than water less dense than water because of these large because of these large air pocketsair pockets

That is why ice floats!That is why ice floats!

Properties of Fluids

Think:Think: Why is it that very large ships have the ability Why is it that very large ships have the ability

to float?to float? BuoyancyBuoyancy- the ability of a fluid—a liquid or a - the ability of a fluid—a liquid or a

gas– to exert an upward force on an object gas– to exert an upward force on an object immersed in itimmersed in it If the If the buoyant force is equal buoyant force is equal to the object’s to the object’s

weight, the weight, the object will floatobject will float If the If the buoyant force is lessbuoyant force is less than the object’s than the object’s

weight, the weight, the object will sinkobject will sink

Density and Buoyancy

Think about the following:Think about the following: Say you had a 3 cmSay you had a 3 cm33 block of wood and a block of wood and a

3 cm3 cm33 block of iron block of iron Which one would float?Which one would float?

AN OBJECT WILL FLOAT IF ITS AN OBJECT WILL FLOAT IF ITS DENSITY IS LESS THAN THE DENSITY IS LESS THAN THE DENSITY OF THE FLUID IT IS DENSITY OF THE FLUID IT IS PLACED INPLACED IN

Pressure

Think about…Think about… Floating at the top of the pool vs. sinking Floating at the top of the pool vs. sinking

towards the bottomtowards the bottomWhich one makes it feel like there is a lot of Which one makes it feel like there is a lot of

pressure on you?pressure on you? Driving up and down a mountainDriving up and down a mountain

Your ears pop because of the change in Your ears pop because of the change in pressurepressure

PressurePressure- the force exerted per unit area (F/A)- the force exerted per unit area (F/A)

Pascal’s Principle

Blaise PascalBlaise Pascal (1623-1662) stated that the (1623-1662) stated that the pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluidthroughout the fluid For example, when you squeeze a balloon on For example, when you squeeze a balloon on

one side, the fluid (air) is transferred to the one side, the fluid (air) is transferred to the other sideother side

When you squeeze one end of the toothpaste When you squeeze one end of the toothpaste tube, toothpaste comes out the other sidetube, toothpaste comes out the other side

Both examples show how pressure has been Both examples show how pressure has been transmitted through the fluidtransmitted through the fluid

Bernoulli’s Principal

Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) stated that (1700-1782) stated that as the as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreasesexerted by the fluid decreases

ChallengeChallenge: taking a piece of paper in your hands : taking a piece of paper in your hands by the shorter side, attempt to lift the opposite end by the shorter side, attempt to lift the opposite end

The high velocity of the wind blowing across a The high velocity of the wind blowing across a paper causes the pressure over the top of the paper causes the pressure over the top of the paper to become low, which results in a rising paper to become low, which results in a rising of the paperof the paper

Ice Breaker

Describe what will happen to this object in Describe what will happen to this object in water…water…

Viscosity

ViscosityViscosity- the resistance to flow by a fluid- the resistance to flow by a fluid Having a “low viscosity” means that Having a “low viscosity” means that

the fluid can flow easilythe fluid can flow easily Having a “high viscosity” means that Having a “high viscosity” means that

the fluid cannot flow easilythe fluid cannot flow easily