Internal Combustion Engines

By: Christopher Bader, Shadae Boakye-Yiadom, Jane Modes, Spenser Pawlik, Anna Starodubtseva

Agenda

● ICE Basics

● Experimental Setup

● Data Analysis

2

ICE Basics

3

Internal Combustion Engines4-Stroke Operating Cycle

4

Gasoline vs. Diesel

5

Gasoline Diesel

Ideal Thermodynamic Process

Isochoric heat addition Isobaric heat addition

Maximum Cylinder Pressure

130 bar 200 bar

Thermal Efficiency 35 - 40% [1] 40 - 45%

Method of Ignition Spark (electric) Compression (self-ignition)

Load Control Throttle Fuel guided

Fuel Injection Pressure 100 - 150 bar 2000 - 2500 bar

Piston Head

[1] http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/goldenstein2/

Experimental Setup

6

Measurement Devices

• Dynamic Fuel Measurement

• Piezo-resistive• Piezo-electric

Air Mass Flow

• Hot wire Anemometer

• Turbine Flow Meter

7

Temperature

Fuel Mass Flow

Pressure

• Thermocouples• Pt-100

Real Engine Test Bed Scheme

8

Data Analysis

9

Cylinder Pressure

10

P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine

11

Ideal Calculated

P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine

12

Calculated

Mean Effective Pressure

2 bar 10 bar Maximum Load

Indicated Work 175.9 J 568.6 J 1083.4 J

Indicated Efficiency 50.9% 45.4% 44.4%

Effective Efficiency 28.4% 39% 39.7%

Calculated Indicated Work and Engine Efficiency

P-V Diagram for Ideal and Calculated 4-Stroke Diesel Engine

13

Mean Effective Pressure

2 bar 10 bar Maximum Load

Indicated Work 175.9 J 568.6 J 1083.4 J

Indicated Efficiency 50.9% 45.4% 44.4%

Effective Efficiency 28.4% 39% 39.7%

Calculated Indicated Work and Engine Efficiency

2 bar Max Load

Power Needed

Power Generated

2 W

5 W

Engine Maps

The limits of the engine map are:

● Surge Line: highest pressure turbocharger can produce before the air begins to flow back

● Max Load: maximum power the engine can produce

● Max Temperature: highest exhaust temperature turbocharger can handle

● Min Speed: lowest RPM engine can operate at

● Max Speed: highest RPM engine can operate at

The contour lines show specific fuel consumption (Kg/KW*h). The lower the number, the more efficient the engine is running.

14

Dankeschӧn! (Thank you)

Questions?

15

annastar@umich.edu | baderc@umich.edu | jmodes@umich.edu | shadae@umich.edu | spenspaw@umich.edu