Government at a Glance 2017 Country Fact Sheet www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm A fiscal surplus of 17.2% resulted from one-off extraordinary revenues in Iceland in 2016 Estate contributions from banks involved in the country’s financial crisis increased by 52% overall fiscal revenues, lifting the primary balance from +2.9% in 2015 to +20.6% in 2016. As growth recovered follow- ing the crisis, the structural primary balance – a measure that distinguishes between one-off operations, the economic cycle and long-term trends- also improved and was estimated at 5.1% of potential GDP for 2015. Chapter 2. Public finance and economics General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDP General government primary balance and net interest spending as a percentage of GDP General government structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDP The central government workforce is ageing rapidly in Iceland In 2015, the share of central government employees 55 years or older was 40%, a 7 p.p. increase since 2010. This calls for a careful workforce planning so that the mass retirement of employees will not result in loss of institutional memory or affect the quality of public services. Chapter 3. Public employment and pay Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older Income inequality in Iceland, after taxes and transfers, is the lowest among OECD countries The value of the Gini coefficient calculated after taxes and transfers amounted to 0.24 in Iceland in 2013, significantly lower than the OECD average of 0.32.. Most notably, between 2007 and 2013 post-tax and transfers income inequality decreased the most in Iceland among OECD countries: the Gini coefficient de- creased from 0.29 to 0.24 during this period as the financial crisis reduced substantially the income of the individuals and households with the highest earnings. Chapter 13. Core government results Differences in income inequality pre- and post-tax and government transfers Iceland
Transcript
Government at a Glance 2017
Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
A fiscal surplus of 17.2% resulted from one-off extraordinary revenues in Iceland in 2016
Estate contributions from banks involved in the country’s financial crisis increased by 52% overall fiscal revenues, lifting the primary balance from +2.9% in 2015 to +20.6% in 2016. As growth recovered follow-ing the crisis, the structural primary balance – a measure that distinguishes between one-off operations, the economic cycle and long-term trends- also improved and was estimated at 5.1% of potential GDP for 2015.
Chapter 2. Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPGeneral government primary balance and net interest spending as a percentage of GDPGeneral government structural primary balance as a percentage of potential GDP
The central government workforce is ageing rapidly in Iceland
In 2015, the share of central government employees 55 years or older was 40%, a 7 p.p. increase since 2010. This calls for a careful workforce planning so that the mass retirement of employees will not result in loss of institutional memory or affect the quality of public services.
Chapter 3. Public employment and pay
Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older
Income inequality in Iceland, after taxes and transfers, is the lowestamong OECD countries
The value of the Gini coefficient calculated after taxes and transfers amounted to 0.24 in Iceland in 2013, significantly lower than the OECD average of 0.32.. Most notably, between 2007 and 2013 post-tax and transfers income inequality decreased the most in Iceland among OECD countries: the Gini coefficient de-creased from 0.29 to 0.24 during this period as the financial crisis reduced substantially the income of the individuals and households with the highest earnings.
Chapter 13. Core government results
Differences in income inequality pre- and post-tax and government transfers
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
26134,500
88,70052,700
Middle Managers(D3 positions)
Senior Managers(D1 positions)
SeniorProfessionals
SecretarialPositions
2015USD PPP
150,000
300,000
450,000
231,500
46,100
Iceland
82,100
n.a.
134,600
Annual compensation across central government positions (2015)
Government investment(2015, 2016)
How to read the figures:
Iceland
Country value in blue (not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries in red
Range of OECD country values in grey
Public Finance and Economics
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
24.9%39.6%
Iceland
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2015
40.9%
41.2%2016
42.9%2015
Iceland
2015
3.2%
2.8%2016
2.9%2015
0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
Iceland73.0% 100%
0%
100%
0%
Iceland
112%
100% 150% 200% 250%50%0%
Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to
data not available
% of GDP
Public Employment
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the compensation of employees in central / federal governments
... and in senior positions (2015)
Source: OECD* See Notes National Accounts
Source: OECD* SNA definition, see Notes National Accounts
Public Sector Compensation
53.0%63.9%Iceland
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
32.4%53.8%Iceland
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Women in the civil service ...
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on the Composition of the workforce in Central/federal Governments
Percentage of central government employees aged 55 years or older
(2015)
General government employmentas % of total employment (2015)
18.1%
n.a.Iceland
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Source: OECD National Accounts
-20% 0%-10% +10% +20%
-2.8%
Iceland2016
17.2% -0.8%
2015
2015
Budgeting
Women in Government
Extent of delegationof HRM practicesin line ministries
0.76
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
assessmentsin HR decisions
none
0.64
Extent of the useof performance
related pay
none
0.66
Use of separateHRM practices
for seniorcivil servants
0.25
0.55
Collectionof administrative
data
0.55
0.68
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1
Iceland
G@G /data
Source: OECD (2016) Strategic Human Resources Management Survey
Composite indicators on HRM practices in central government (2016)
Human Resource Management
Composite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws*(2014)
G@G /data
Regulatory governance
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.1%
50%
32.2%
Iceland
Source: OECD National Accounts
General governmentprocurement expenditures
(2015)% of government expenditures
Public Procurement
Support for greenpublic procurement
Some procuring entities have developed an internal strategy/policy
A strategy/policy has been developed at a central level
Support forSMEs
Support for innovativegoods and services
A strategy/policy has been rescinded
There has never been a strategy/policy in place
11 25 1 0 8 24 0 1 9 19 0 6
Iceland
Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey on Public Procurement
* See Notes Source: OECD Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)
0.41
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.05Iceland
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
Performance budgetingpractices at the central level
of government (2016)
Source: OECD (2016) Survey of Performance Budgeting
Stakeholderengagement in
developing regulations
1.68 2.09
Regulatory ImpactAssessment for
developing regulations
1.68 2.05
Ex post evaluationof regulations
1.371.54
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 4 highest
0
1
2
3
4
Iceland
Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/congress (respectively 90.6% and 84%). Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Open Data Digital Government
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
35.6%n.a.
Iceland
Individuals using the Internet for sending filled forms via public authorities websites
in the past 12 months (2016)
Source: OECD, ICT database; and Eurostat, Information Society database
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data
(2017)Composite index: from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: OECD (2017) Survey on Open Government Data
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
n.a.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.55
Iceland
Dataavailability
Dataaccessibility
Governmentsupportto re-use
Differences in income inequality pre and post-taxand government transfers (2013)
Iceland
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6Higher
inequality
Lowerinequality
Before After
0.39
0.24taxes and transfers
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Before After
0.47
0.32taxes and transfers
Higherinequality
Lowerinequality
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers (2016)
0.75
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
n.aIceland
Source: The World Justice Project
Core Government ResultsSatisfaction and confidence across public services
(2016)
70%
Judicial system Education system
67%20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%81%55%61%
National government42%36%
Iceland
Average
Range
Police77%90%
Source: Gallup World Poll
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2017Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international
comparison of public sector productivity and performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are presented,
alongside key output and outcome data for education, health and justice. Information on key enablers to increase productivity including on digital
government, budget procedures, strategic human resource management, open government data and innovative practices are also included. In
a context of tight budget constraints in many member countries, good indicators are needed more than ever, in order to help governments make
informed decisions regarding resource allocation and to help restore confidence in government institutions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2017-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2017 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
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