ICHD-3 beta. Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 629–808©International Headache Society 2013/4 INTERNATIONAL...

ICHD-3 beta. Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 629–808 ©International Headache Society 2013/4

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATIONof

HEADACHE DISORDERS

3rd edition (beta version)

(ICHD-3 beta)


Third Headache Classification Committee Members

Lars Bendtsen, DenmarkDavid Dodick, USAAnne Ducros, FranceStefan Evers, GermanyMichael First, USAPeter J Goadsby, USAAndrew Hershey, USAZaza Katsarava,

GermanyMorris Levin, USAJulio Pascual, Spain

Michael B Russell, Norway

Todd Schwedt, USATimothy J Steiner, UK

(Secretary)Cristina Tassorelli,

ItalyGisela M Terwindt,

The NetherlandsMaurice Vincent, BrazilShuu-Jiun Wang,

Taiwan

Jes Olesen, Denmark (Chairman)


Structure

One chapter (1-13) per major group:• introduction• headache types, subtypes, subforms with:

– previously used terms– disorders that are related but coded

elsewhere– short descriptions– explicit diagnostic criteria– notes and comments

• selected bibliography


Structure

Final chapter (14) for:

• headache not elsewhere classified– headache entities still to be described

• headache unspecified– headaches known to be present but

insufficiently described


Structure

Appendix for:

• research criteria for novel entities that have not been sufficiently validated

• alternative diagnostic criteria that may be preferable but for which the evidence is insufficient

• a first step in eliminating disorders included in the 2nd edition for which sufficient evidence has still not been published


Classification

Part 1:Primary headache disorders

Part 2:Secondary headache disorders

Part 3: Painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pains


Classification

Part 1: The primary headaches

1. Migraine

2. Tension-type headache

3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

4. Other primary headache disorders


Classification

Part 2: The secondary headaches

5. Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck

6. Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

7. Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

8. Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

9. Headache attributed to infection10. Headache attributed to disorder of

homoeostasis


Classification

Part 2: The secondary headaches

11.Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure

12.Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder


Classification

Part 3: Painful cranial neuropathies, other facial pains and other headaches

13.Painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pains

14.Other headache disorders


Part 1:The primary headaches

1. Migraine

2. Tension-type headache

3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias



1. Migraine

1.1 Migraine without aura1.2 Migraine with aura1.3 Chronic migraine1.4 Complications of migraine1.5 Probable migraine1.6 Episodic syndromes that may be associated

with migraine


1. MigraineReclassification 2004-2013

20041.1 Migraine without aura1.2 Migraine with aura

1.4 Retinal migraine1.5 Complications of

migraine (including 1.5.1 Chronic

migraine)1.6 Probable migraine1.3 Childhood periodic

syndromes

20131.1 Migraine without aura1.2 Migraine with aura

(including 1.2.4 Retinal migraine)

1.3 Chronic migraine1.4 Complications of

migraine1.5 Probable migraine1.6 Episodic syndromes

that may be associated with migraine


1.1 Migraine without auraA.At least 5 attacks fulfilling criteria B-DB.Headache attacks lasting 4-72 h (untreated or

unsuccessfully treated)C.Headache has 2 of the following characteristics:

1. unilateral location2. pulsating quality3. moderate or severe pain intensity4. aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine

physical activity (eg, walking, climbing stairs)D.During headache 1 of the following:

1. nausea and/or vomiting2. photophobia and phonophobia

E.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


1.1 Migraine without auraNotes

• When <5 attacks but criteria B-E are met, code as 1.5.1 Probable migraine without aura

• When attacks occur on 15 d/mo for >3 mo, code as1.1 Migraine without aura + 1.3 Chronic migraine

• When patient falls asleep during migraine and wakes without it, duration is reckoned until time of awakening

• In children and adolescents (aged under 18 y), attacks may last 2-72 h


“Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis”

Note

This is the last criterion for every headache disorder

• Consideration of other possible diagnoses (the differential diagnosis) is a routine part of the clinical diagnostic process.

• When a headache appears to fulfil the criteria for a particular headache disorder, this last criterion is a reminder always to consider other diagnoses that might better explain the headache.


1.2 Migraine with aura

1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine1.2.4 Retinal migraine


1.2 Migraine with aura

A. At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and CB. 1 of the following fully reversible aura symptoms:

1. visual; 2. sensory; 3. speech and/or language; 4. motor ; 5. brainstem; 6. retinal

C. 2 of the following 4 characteristics:1. 1 aura symptom spreads gradually over ≥5

min, and/or 2 symptoms occur in succession2. each individual aura symptom lasts 5-60 min3. 1 aura symptom is unilateral4. aura accompanied or followed in <60 min by

headacheD. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis, and TIA excluded


1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura

A. At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and CB.Aura of visual, sensory and/or speech/language

symptoms, each fully reversible, but no motor, brainstem or retinal symptoms

C.2 of the following 4 characteristics:1. 1 aura symptom spreads gradually over ≥5

min, and/or 2 symptoms occur in succession2. each individual aura symptom lasts 5-60 min3. 1 aura symptom is unilateral4. aura accompanied or followed in <60 min by

headacheD. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis, and TIA excluded


1.2.1.1 Typical aurawith headache

A.Fulfils criteria for 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura

B.Headache, with or without migraine characteristics, accompanies or follows the aura within 60 min


1.2.1.2 Typical aurawithout headache

A.Fulfils criteria for 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura

B.No headache accompanies or follows the aura within 60 min


1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura

A. At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and C below, and criteria C and D for 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura

B.Aura of fully reversible visual, sensory and/or speech/language symptoms, but not motor or retinal

C. 2 of the following brainstem symptoms:1. dysarthria2. vertigo3. tinnitus4. hypacusis 5. diplopia

6. ataxia7. decreased level of consciousness


1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura

Terminology and coding changes 1988-2013

1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura was previously classified as

• 1.2.6 Basilar-type migraine in ICHD-II• 1.2.4 Basilar migraine in ICHD-I

There is little evidence that the basilar artery or, necessarily, basilar-artery territory is involved


1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraineA.At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and CB.Aura consisting of both of the following:

1. fully reversible motor weakness; 2. fully reversible visual, sensory and/or speech/language symptoms

C. 2 of the following 4 characteristics:1. 1 aura symptom spreads gradually over ≥5 min, and/or 2 symptoms occur in succession2. each individual non-motor aura symptom lasts 5-60 min, and motor symptoms last <72 h3. 1 aura symptom is unilateral4. aura accompanied or followed in <60 min by headache

D.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and TIA excluded


1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM)

A.Fulfils criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraineB.At least one first- or second-degree relative

has had attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine


1.2.3.1.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1)

A.Fulfils criteria for 1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine

B.A causative mutation on the CACNA1A gene has been demonstrated




B.A causative mutation on the ATP1A2 gene has been demonstrated




B.A causative mutation on the SCN1A gene has been demonstrated


1.2.3.2 Sporadic hemiplegic migraine

A.Fulfils criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraineB.No first- or second-degree relative has had

attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine


1.2.4 Retinal migraine

A.At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and CB.Aura of fully reversible monocular positive and/or

negative visual phenomena confirmed during an attack by either or both of the following:1. clinical visual field examination2. patient’s drawing of a monocular field defect

C.≥2 of the following 3 characteristics:1. aura spreads gradually over ≥5 min2. aura symptoms last 5-60 min3. aura accompanied or followed in <60 min by headache

D.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis, and other causes of amaurosis fugax excluded


1.3 Chronic migraine

A.Headache (TTH-like and/or migraine-like) on ≥15 d/mo for >3 mo and fulfilling criteria B and C

B. In a patient who has had ≥5 attacks fulfilling criteria B-D for 1.1 Migraine without aura and/or criteria B and C for 1.2 Migraine with aura

C. On ≥8 d/mo for >3 mo fulfilling any of the following:1. criteria C and D for 1.1 Migraine without aura2. criteria B and C for 1.2 Migraine with aura3. believed by the patient to be migraine at onset and relieved by a triptan or ergot derivative

D.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


1.3 Chronic migraineNote

Patients meeting criteria for 1.3 Chronic migraine and for 8.2 Medication-overuse headache should be given both diagnoses

After drug withdrawal, migraine will either revert to the episodic subtype or remain chronic, and be re-diagnosed accordingly; in the latter case, the diagnosis of 8.2 Medication-overuse headache may be rescinded


1.4 Complications of migraine

1.4.1 Status migrainosus1.4.2 Persistent aura without infarction1.4.3 Migrainous infarction1.4.4 Migraine aura-triggered seizure


1.4.1 Status migrainosus

A.A headache attack fulfilling criteria B and CB.In a patient with 1.1 Migraine without aura

and/or 1.2 Migraine with aura, and typical of previous attacks except for its duration and severity

C.Both of the following characteristics:1. unremitting for >72 h2. pain and/or associated symptoms are debilitating



1.5 Probable migraine

1.5.1 Probable migraine without aura1.5.2 Probable migraine with aura


1.5.1 Probable migraine without aura

A. Attacks fulfilling all but one of criteria A-D for

1.1 Migraine without auraB. Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other

headache disorderC. Not better accounted for by another

ICHD-3 diagnosis


1.5.2 Probable migraine with aura

A. Attacks fulfilling all but one of criteria A-C for

1.2 Migraine with aura or any of its subforms

B. Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache disorder

C. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


1.6 Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine

1.6.1 Recurrent gastrointestinal disturbance1.6.1.1 Cyclic vomiting syndrome1.6.1.2 Abdominal migraine

1.6.2 Benign paroxysmal vertigo1.6.3 Benign paroxysmal torticollis


2. Tension-type headache (TTH)

2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headache2.3 Chronic tension-type headache2.4 Probable tension-type headache


2.1 Infrequent episodic TTHA.At least 10 episodes of headache occurring on

<1 d/mo (<12 d/y) and fulfilling criteria B-DB.Lasting from 30 min to 7 dC.2 of the following 4 characteristics:

1. bilateral location2. pressing or tightening (non-pulsating) quality3. mild or moderate intensity4. not aggravated by routine physical activity

D.Both of the following:1. no nausea or vomiting2. no more than one of photophobia or

phonophobiaE.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


2.1 Infrequent episodic TTH

2.1.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tendernessA. Episodes fulfilling criteria for

2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headacheB. Increased pericranial tenderness on manual

palpation

2.1.2 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tendernessA. Episodes fulfilling criteria for

2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headacheB. No increase in pericranial tenderness


2.2 Frequent episodic TTHA.At least 10 episodes occurring on 1-14 d/mo for >3

mo (12 and <180 d/y) and fulfilling criteria B-DB.Lasting from 30 min to 7 dC.2 of the following 4 characteristics:

1. bilateral location2. pressing or tightening (non-pulsating) quality3. mild or moderate intensity4. not aggravated by routine physical activity

D.Both of the following:1. no nausea or vomiting2. no more than one of photophobia or phonophobia



2.2 Frequent episodic TTH

2.2.1 Frequent episodic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tendernessA. Episodes fulfilling criteria for

2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headacheB. Increased pericranial tenderness on manual

palpation

2.2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tendernessA. Episodes fulfilling criteria for

2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headacheB. No increase in pericranial tenderness


2.3 Chronic TTH

A.Headache occurring on 15 d/mo on average for >3 mo (180 d/y), fulfilling criteria B-D

B.Lasting hours to days, or unremittingC.2 of the following 4 characteristics:

1. bilateral location2. pressing/tightening (non-pulsating) quality3. mild or moderate intensity4. not aggravated by routine physical activityD.Both of the following:1. not >1 of photophobia, phonophobia, mild

nausea2. neither moderate or severe nausea nor vomiting



2.3 Chronic TTH

2.3.1 Chronic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tendernessA. Headache fulfilling criteria for

2.3 Chronic tension-type headacheB. Increased pericranial tenderness on

manual palpation

2.3.2 Chronic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tendernessA. Episodes fulfilling criteria for

2.3 Chronic tension-type headacheB. No increase in pericranial tenderness


2.4 Probable TTH

2.4.1 Probable infrequent episodic TTHA.One or more episodes fulfilling all but one of criteria

A-D for 2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headacheB.Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache

disorderC. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis2.4.2 Probable frequent episodic TTHA.Episodes fulfilling all but one of criteria A-D for

2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headacheB. Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other

headache disorderC. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


2.4 Probable TTH

2.4.3 Probable chronic TTHA.Headache fulfilling all but one of criteria A-D

for 2.3 Chronic tension-type headache

B.Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache disorder



3. Trigeminal autonomiccephalalgias (TACs)

3.1 Cluster headache3.2 Paroxysmal hemicrania3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform

headache attacks3.4 Hemicrania continua3.5 Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia


3.1 Cluster headacheA.At least 5 attacks fulfilling criteria B-DB.Severe or very severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or

temporal pain lasting 15-180 min (when untreated)C.Either or both of the following:

1. 1 of the following ipsilateral symptoms or signs: a) conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation; b) nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea; c) eyelid oedema; d) fore-head and facial sweating; e) forehead and facial flushing; f) sensation of fullness in the ear; g) miosis and/or ptosis2. a sense of restlessness or agitation

D. Frequency from 1/2 d to 8/d for > half the time when activeE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


3.1 Cluster headache

3.1.1 Episodic cluster headacheA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.1 Cluster

headache and occurring in bouts (cluster periods)

B. 2 cluster periods lasting 7 d to 1 y (when untreated) and separated by pain-free remission periods of 1 mo

3.1.2 Chronic cluster headacheA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.1 Cluster

headache and criterion B belowB. Occurring without a remission period, or

with remissions lasting <1 mo, for 1 y


3.2 Paroxysmal hemicraniaA.At least 20 attacks fulfilling criteria B-EB.Severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal

pain lasting 2-30 minC.1 of the following ipsilateral symptoms or signs:

1. conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation2. nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea3. eyelid oedema4. forehead and facial sweating5. forehead and facial flushing6. sensation of fullness in the ear7. miosis and/or ptosis

D. Frequency >5/d for > half the timeE.Prevented absolutely by therapeutic doses of

indometacinF.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


3.2 Paroxysmal hemicrania

3.2.1 Episodic paroxysmal hemicraniaA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.2 Paroxysmal

hemicrania and occurring in boutsB.2 bouts lasting 7d to 1 y (when untreated)

and separated by pain-free remission periods of 1 mo

3.2.2 Chronic paroxysmal hemicraniaA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.2 Paroxysmal

hemicraniaB.Occurring without a remission period, or with

remission periods lasting <1 mo, for 1 y


3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

A.At least 20 attacks fulfilling criteria B-DB.Moderate or severe unilateral head pain, with orbital,

supraorbital, temporal and/or other trigeminal distribution, lasting 1-600 s and occurring as single stabs, series of stabs or in a saw-tooth pattern

C.1 of the following ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms or signs: 1. conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation; 2. nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea; 3. eyelid oedema; 4. forehead and facial sweating; 5. forehead and facial flushing; 6. sensation of fullness in the ear; 7. miosis and/or ptosis

D. Frequency 1/d for > half the time when activeE.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

New terminology and subdivision

Two subtypes recognized:

3.3.1 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)

3.3.2 Short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)

3.3.1 SUNCT may be a subform of 3.3.2 SUNA,

although this requires further study.


3.3.1 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and

tearing (SUNCT)

A.Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

B.Both of conjunctival injection and lacrimation (tearing)


3.3.1 SUNCT

3.3.1.1 Episodic SUNCTA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3.1 SUNCT

and occurring in boutsB.2 bouts lasting 7d to 1 y and separated by

pain-free remission periods of 1 mo

3.3.1.2 Chronic SUNCTA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3.1 SUNCT,

and criterion B belowB.Occurring without a remission period, or



3.3.2 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)

A.Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks

B.Only one or neither of conjunctival injection and lacrimation (tearing)


3.3.2 SUNA

3.3.2.1 Episodic SUNAA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3.2 SUNA

and occurring in boutsB.2 bouts lasting 7d to 1 y and separated by

pain-free remission periods of 1 mo

3.3.2.2 Chronic SUNAA. Attacks fulfilling criteria for 3.3.2 SUNA,

and criterion B belowB.Occurring without a remission period, or



3.4 Hemicrania continuaRecoded from 4.7, and revised criteria

A.Unilateral headache fulfilling criteria B-DB.Present >3 mo, with exacerbations of moderate or

greater intensityC.Either or both of the following:

1. 1 of the following ipsilateral symptoms or signs: a) conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation; b) nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea; c) eyelid oedema; d) fore-head and facial sweating; e) forehead and facial flushing; f) sensation of fullness in the ear; g) miosis and/or ptosis2. a sense of restlessness or agitation, or aggravation of pain by movement

D. Responds absolutely to therapeutic doses of indometacin

E. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


3.4 Hemicrania continuaNew subdivision

3.4.1 Hemicrania continua, remitting subtypeA. Headache fulfilling criteria for 3.4

Hemicrania continua, and criterion B belowB.Headache is not daily or continuous, but

interrupted by remission periods of ≥1 d without treatment

3.4.2 Hemicrania continua, unremitting subtypeA. Headache fulfilling criteria for 3.4

Hemicrania continua, and criterion B belowB.Headache is daily and continuous for ≥1 y,

without remission periods of ≥1 d


3.4 Probable TAC

A.Headache attacks fulfilling all but one of criteria A-D for 3.1 Cluster headache, criteria A-E for 3.2 Paroxysmal hemicrania, criteria A-D for 3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks orcriteria A-D for 3.4 Hemicrania continua

B.Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache disorder

C.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis



4.1 Primary cough headache4.2 Primary exercise headache4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual

activity4.4 Primary thunderclap headache4.5 Cold-stimulus headache4.6 External pressure headache4.7 Primary stabbing headache4.8 Nummular headache4.9 Hypnic headache4.10 New daily persistent headache (NDPH)


4.1 Primary cough headache

A.At least 2 headache episodes fulfilling criteria B-D

B.Brought on by and occurring only in association with coughing, straining and/or other Valsalva manœuvre

C.Sudden onsetD.Lasting between 1 s and 2 hE.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.2 Primary exercise headache

A.At least 2 headache episodes fulfilling criteria B and C

B.Brought on by and occurring only during or after strenuous physical exercise

C.Lasting <48 hD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual activity

A. At least 2 episodes of pain in the head and/or neck fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Brought on by and occurring only during sexual activity

C. Either or both of the following:1. increasing in intensity with increasing sexual excitement2. abrupt explosive intensity just before or with orgasm

D.Lasting from 1 min to 24 h with severe intensity and/or up to 72 h with mild intensity



4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual activity

Subforms no longer recognised

Two subforms (preorgasmic headache and orgasmic headache) were included in ICHD-I and ICHD-II, but clinical studies have since been unable to distinguish these;

therefore, 4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual activity is now regarded as a single entity with variable presentation


4.4 Primary thunderclap headache

A. Severe head pain fulfilling criteria B and CB. Abrupt onset, reaching maximum intensity in

<1 minC. Lasting for ≥5 minD. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.5 Cold-stimulus headacheRecoded from 13.11

4.5.1 Headache attributed to external application of a cold stimulus

4.5.2 Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus


4.5.1 Headache attributed to external application of a cold

stimulus

A. At least 2 acute headache episodes fulfilling criteria B and C

B. Brought on by and occurring only during application of an external cold stimulus to the head

C. Resolving within 30 min after removal of the cold stimulus

D. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


4.5.2 Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a

cold stimulus

A. At least 2 episodes of acute frontal or temporal headache fulfilling criteria B and C

B. Brought on by and occurring immediately after a cold stimulus to the palate and/or posterior pharyngeal wall from ingestion of cold food or drink or inhalation of cold air

C. Resolving within 10 min after removal of the cold stimulus

D. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


4.6 External-pressure headache

4.6.1 External-compression headache4.6.2 External-traction headache


4.6.1 External-compression headache

Recoded from 13.10

A. At least 2 episodes of headache fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Brought on by and occurring within 1 h during sustained external compression of the forehead or scalp

C. Maximal at the site of external compressionD. Resolving within 1 h after external

compression is relievedE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.6.2 External-traction headache

A. At least 2 episodes of headache fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Brought on by and occurring within 1 h during sustained external traction on the scalp

C. Maximal at the traction siteD. Resolving within 1 h after traction is relievedE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.7 Primary stabbing headache

A. Head pain occurring spontaneously as a single stab or series of stabs and fulfilling criteria B-D

B. Each stab lasts for up to a few secondsC. Stabs recur with irregular frequency, from

one to many per dayD. No cranial autonomic symptomsE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.8 Nummular headache New entrant to main classification,

recoded from A13.7.1

A. Continuous or intermittent head pain fulfilling criterion B

B. Felt exclusively in an area of the scalp, with all of the following 4 characteristics:1. sharply-contoured2. fixed in size and shape3. round or elliptical4. 1-6 cm in diameter



4.9 Hypnic headache

A. Recurrent headache attacks fulfilling criteria B-E

B. Developing only during sleep, and causing wakening

C. Occurring on ≥10 d/mo for >3 moD. Lasting ≥15 min and for up to 4 h after

wakingE. No cranial autonomic symptoms or

restlessnessF. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


4.10 New daily persistent headache (NDPH)

Revised criteria

A. Persistent headache fulfilling criteria B and CB. Distinct and clearly-remembered onset, with

pain becoming continuous and unremitting within 24 h

C. Present for >3 moD. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


Part 2:The secondary headaches

5. Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck


7. Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

8. Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

9. Headache attributed to infection10. Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis 11. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of

cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structure

12. Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder


General diagnostic criteriafor secondary headaches

A. Any headache fulfilling criterion CB. Another disorder scientifically documented to be able to cause

headache has been diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of the following:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to the onset of the presumed causative disorder

2. one or both of the following:a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the presumed causative disorderb) headache has significantly improved in parallel with improvement of the presumed causative disorder3. headache has characteristics typical for the causative disorder4. other evidence exists of causation



Terminology changefor secondary headaches

During the first three months from onset, secondary headaches are considered acute.

When they continue beyond that period they are designated persistent.

This time period is consistent with ICHD-II diagnostic criteria, but the term persistent has been adopted in place of chronic.

The term chronic is used only when headache persists because of chronicity (beyond 3 months) of the underlying disorder (eg, 9.1.1.2 Chronic headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis)


5. Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma

5.1 Acute headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head

5.2 Persistent headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head

5.3 Acute headache attributed to whiplash5.4 Persistent headache attributed to whiplash5.5 Acute headache attributed to craniotomy5.6 Persistent headache attributed to craniotomy


5.1 Acute headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head

A. Any headache fulfilling criteria C and DB. Traumatic injury to the head has occurredC. Headache is reported to have developed within 7 d

after one of the following:1. the injury to the head2. regaining of consciousness following the injury3. discontinuation of medication(s) that impair ability to sense or report headache following the injury

D. Either of the following:1. headache has resolved within 3 mo after the injury2. headache has not resolved but 3 mo have not yet passed



5.1 Persistent headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head

A. Any headache fulfilling criteria C and DB. Traumatic injury to the head has occurredC. Headache is reported to have developed within 7 d

after one of the following:1. the injury to the head2. regaining of consciousness following the injury3. discontinuation of medication(s) that impair ability to sense or report headache following the injury

D.Headache persists for >3 mo after injury to the headE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


5.3 Acute headache attributed to whiplash

A. Any headache fulfilling criteria C and DB. Whiplash, associated at the time with neck

pain and/or headache, has occurredC. Headache has developed within 7 d after

whiplashD. Either of the following:

1. headache has resolved within 3 mo after whiplash2. headache has not resolved but 3 mo have not yet passed



5.3 Persistent headache attributed to whiplash

A. Any headache fulfilling criteria C and DB. Whiplash, associated at the time with neck

pain and/or headache, has occurredC. Headache has developed within 7 d after

whiplashD.Headache persists for >3 mo after whiplashE. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis



6.1 Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or TIA6.2 Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial

haemorrhage6.3 Headache attributed to unruptured vascular

malformation6.4 Headache attributed to arteritis6.5 Headache attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral

artery disorder6.6 Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis6.7 Headache attributed to other acute intracranial

arterial disorder6.8 Headache attributed to genetic vasculopathy6.9 Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy


6.2 Headache attributed tonon-traumatic intracranial

haemorrhage

6.2.1 Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage

6.2.2 Headache attributed to non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)


6.2.2 Headache attributed to non-traumatic SAH

A.Any new headache fulfilling criterion CB.SAH in the absence of head trauma diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of the

following:1. headache has developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms and/or clinical signs of SAH, or led to diagnosis of SAH2. headache has significantly improved in parallel with stabilization or improvement of other symptoms or clinical or radiological signs of SAH3. headache has sudden or thunderclap onset



6.3 Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation

6.3.1 Headache attributed to unruptured saccular aneurysm

6.3.2 Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

6.3.3 Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula

6.3.4 Headache attributed to cavernous angioma

6.3.5 Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)


6.4 Headache attributed to arteritis

6.4.1 Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA)

6.4.2 Headache attributed to primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS)

6.4.3 Headache attributed to secondary angiitis of the central nervous system (SACNS)


6.4.1 Headache attributed to GCAA.Any new headache fulfilling criterion CB.Giant cell arteritis (GCA) diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:

1. headache has developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms and/or clinical or biological signs of onset of GCA, or led to diagnosis of GCA2. either or both of: a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of GCA; b) headache has significantly improved or resolved within 3 d of high-dose steroid treatment3. headache is associated with scalp tenderness and/or jaw claudication



6.6 Headache attributed to CVT

A.Any new headache fulfilling criterion CB.Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both of the

following:1. headache has developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms and/or clinical signs of CVT, or led to discovery of CVT2. either or both of: a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with clinical or radiological signs of extension of CVT; b) headache has significantly improved or resolved after improvement of CVT



6.7 Headache attributed to other acute intracranial arterial

disorder6.7.1 Headache attributed to an intracranial

endovascular procedure6.7.2 Angiography headache6.7.3 Headache attributed to reversible cerebral

vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)6.7.4 Headache attributed to intracranial

arterialdissection


6.7.3 Headache attributed to RCVS

A.Any new headache fulfilling criterion CB.Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)

diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥1 of:

1. headache, with or without focal deficits and/or seizures, has led to angiography and diagnosis of RCVS2. headache has ≥1 of the following characteristics:a) recurrent during ≤1 mo, and with thunderclap onsetb) triggered by sexual activity, exertion, Valsalva manœuvres, emotion, bathing and/or showering

3. no new significant headache occurs >1 mo after onsetD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis,

and aneurysmal SAH excluded


7. Headache attributed tonon-vascular intracranial disorder

7.1 Headache attributed to increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure

7.2 Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure

7.3 Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory intracranial disease

7.4 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasia7.5 Headache attributed to intrathecal injection7.6 Headache attributed to epileptic seizure7.7 Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I7.8 Headache attributed to other non-vascular

intracranial disorder


7.1 Headache attributed toincreased CSF pressure

7.1.1 Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

7.1.2 Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes

7.1.3 Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus


7.1.1 Headache attributed to IIH

A.Any headache fulfilling criterion CB.Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

diagnosed, with CSF pressure >250 mm CSFC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of the

following:1. headache has developed in temporal relation to IIH, or led to its discovery2. headache is relieved by reducing intracranial hypertension3. headache is aggravated in temporal relation to increase in intracranial pressure



7.2 Headache attributed tolow cerebrospinal fluid pressure

7.2.1 Post-dural puncture headache7.2.2 CSF fistula headache7.2.3 Headache attributed to spontaneous

intracranial hypotension


7.2.1 Post-dural puncture headache

A.Any headache fulfilling criterion CB.Dural puncture has been performedC.Headache has developed within 5 d of dural

punctureD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


7.4 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasia

7.4.1 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm7.4.1.1 Headache attributed to colloid cyst of

the third ventricle7.4.2 Headache attributed to carcinomatous

meningitis7.4.3 Headache attributed to hypothalamic or

pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion


7.4.1 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm

A.Headache fulfilling criterion CB.Space-occupying intracranial neoplasm demonstratedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to development of the neoplasm, or led to its discovery2. either or both of: a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the neoplasm; b) headache has significantly improved in temporal relation to successful treatment of the neoplasm3. headache has ≥1 of the following 3 characteristics:a) progressive; b) worse in the morning or after daytime napping; c) aggravated by Valsalva-like manœuvres



7.4.1.1 Headache attributed to colloid cyst of the third ventricle

A.Headache fulfilling criterion CB.A colloid cyst of third ventricle demonstratedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to development of colloid cyst, or led to its discovery2. either or both of the following:a) headache is recurrent, with thunderclap onset and accompanied by reduced level or loss of consciousnessb) headache has significantly improved or resolved in temporal relation to successful treatment of colloid cyst



7.6 Headache attributed to epileptic seizure

7.6.1 Hemicrania epileptica7.6.2 Post-ictal headache


7.6.2 Post-seizure (post-ictal) headache

A.Any headache fulfilling criterion CB.Patient has recently had a partial or

generalized epileptic seizureC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both

of the following:1. headache has developed within 3 h after epileptic seizure has terminated2. headache has resolved within 72 h after epileptic seizure has terminated



8. Headache attributed toa substance or its withdrawal

8.1 Headache attributed to use of or exposure to a substance

8.2 Medication-overuse headache (MOH)8.3 Headache attributed to substance

withdrawal



8.1.1 Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache8.1.2 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-

induced headache8.1.3 Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced headache8.1.4 Alcohol-induced headache.8.1.5 Headache induced by food and/or additive8.1.6 Cocaine-induced headache8.1.7 Histamine-induced headache8.1.8 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-

induced headache



8.1.9 Headache attributed to exogenous acute pressor agent

8.1.10 Headache attributed to occasional use of non- headache medication

8.1.11 Headache attributed to long-term use of non- headache medication

8.1.12 Headache attributed to exogenous hormone

8.1.13 Headache attributed to use of or exposure to other substance


8.1.3 Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced headache

A.Bilateral headache fulfilling criterion CB.Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) has occurredC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by all of the

following:1. headache has developed within 12 h of exposure to CO2. headache intensity varies with the severity of CO intoxication3. headache has resolved within 72 h of elimination of CO



8.1.12 Headache attributed to exogenous hormone

A.Any headache fulfilling criterion CB.Regular intake of one or more exogenous hormonesC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to the commencement of hormone intake2. ≥1 of the following:a) headache has significantly worsened after an increase in dosage of hormoneb) headache has significantly improved or resolved after a reduction in dosage of hormonec) headache has resolved after cessation of hormone intake



8.2 Medication-overuse headache (MOH)

8.2.1 Ergotamine-overuse headache8.2.2 Triptan-overuse headache8.2.3 Simple analgesic-overuse headache8.2.4 Opioid-overuse headache8.2.5 Combination -analgesic-overuse

headache8.2.6 MOH attributed to multiple drug classes

not individually overused8.2.7 MOH headache attributed to unverified

overuse of multiple drug classes8.2.8 MOH attributed to other medication


8.2 Medication-overuse headache (MOH)

A.Headache occurring on ≥15 d/mo in a patient with a pre-existing headache disorder

B.Regular overuse for >3 mo of one or more drugs that can be taken for acute and/or symptomatic treatment of headache

C.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


8.2.1 Ergotamine-overuse headache

A.Headache fulfilling criteria for 8.2 Medication-overuse headache

B.Regular intake of ergotamine on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo


8.2.2 Triptan-overuse headache


B.Regular intake of one or more triptans, in any formulation, on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo


8.2.3 Simple analgesic-overuse headache

8.2.3.1 Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-overuse headacheA. Headache fulfilling criteria for 8.2 MOHB. Regular intake of paracetamol on ≥15 d/mo for >3 mo

8.2.3.2 Acetylsalicylic acid-overuse headacheA. Headache fulfilling criteria for 8.2 MOHB. Regular intake of ASA on ≥15 d/mo for >3 mo

8.2.3.3 Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-overuse headacheA. Headache fulfilling criteria for 8.2 MOHB. Regular intake of one or more NSAIDs other than ASA on ≥15 d/mo for >3 mo


8.2.4 Opioid-overuse headache


B.Regular intake of one or more opioids on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo


8.2.5 Combination-analgesic-overuse headache


B.Regular intake of one or more combination-analgesic medications on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo

Note:“Combination-analgesic” is used specifically for

formulations combining drugs of two or more classes, each with analgesic effect or acting as adjuvants


8.2.6 MOH attributed to multiple drug classes not

individually overusedA.Headache fulfilling criteria for 8.2 Medication-

overuse headacheB.Regular intake of any combination of ergotamine,

triptans, simple analgesics, NSAIDs and/or opioids on a total of ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo without overuse of any single drug or drug class alone

Note:“Without overuse of any single drug or drug class

alone” means criterion B has not been fulfilled for any of the specific subforms 8.2.1-8.2.5


8.2.7 MOH attributed to unverified overuse of multiple

drug classes


B.Both of the following:1. regular intake of any combination of ergotamine, triptans, simple analgesics, NSAIDs and/or opioids on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo2. identity, quantity and/or pattern of use or overuse of these classes of drug cannot be reliably established


8.2.8 MOH attributed to other medication


B.Regular overuse, on ≥10 d/mo for >3 mo, of one or more medications other than those described above, taken for acute or symptomatic treatment of headache


8.3 Headache attributed to substance withdrawal

8.3.1 Caffeine-withdrawal headache8.3.2 Opioid-withdrawal headache8.3.3 Estrogen-withdrawal headache8.3.4 Headache attributed to withdrawal from

chronic use of other substance


8.4.1 Caffeine-withdrawal headache

A.Headache fulfilling criterion CB.Caffeine consumption of >200 mg/d for >2 wk, which

has been interrupted or delayedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both of:

1. headache has developed within 24 h after last caffeine intake

2. either or both of the following:a) headache is relieved within 1 h by intake of

caffeine 100 mgb) headache has resolved within 7 d after total

caffeine withdrawalD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


8.4.3 Estrogen-withdrawal headache

A.Headache or migraine fulfilling criterion CB.Daily use of exogenous estrogen for ≥3 wk,

which has been interruptedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by both

of:1. headache or migraine has developed

within 5 d after last use of estrogen2. headache or migraine has resolved within

3 d of its onsetD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


9. Headache attributed to infection

9.1 Headache attributed to intracranial infection

9.2 Headache attributed to systemic infection


9.1 Headache attributed to intracranial infection

9.1.1 Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis

9.1.2 Headache attributed to viral meningitis or encephalitis

9.1.3 Headache attributed to intracranial fungal or other parasitic infection

9.1.4 Headache attributed to brain abscess9.1.5 Headache attributed to subdural

empyema



A.Headache of any duration fulfilling criterion CB.Bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to onset of bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis2. headache has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis3. headache has significantly improved in parallel with improvement in bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis4. headache is either or both of: a) holocranial; b) located in nuchal area and associated with neck stiffness




Note

Three subforms described because pathophysiology and treatment differ depending on whether infection has been completely eradicated or remains active:

9.1.1.1 Acute headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis9.1.1.2 Chronic headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis9.1.1.3 Persistent headache attributed to bacterial

meningitis or meningoencephalitis


9.1.1.1 Acute headache attributed to bacterial


A.Headache fulfilling criteria for 9.1.1 Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and criterion C below

B.Bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis remains active or has recently resolved

C.Headache has been present for <3 mo


9.1.1.2 Chronic headache attributed to bacterial



B.Bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis remains active or has resolved within last 3 mo

C.Headache has been present for >3 mo


9.1.1.3 Persistent headache attributed to bacterial



B.Bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis has resolved

C.Headache has persisted for >3 mo after resolution of bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis



9.2 Headache attributed to systemic infection

9.2.1 Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection

9.2.2 Headache attributed to systemic viral infection

9.2.3 Headache attributed to other systemic infection


10. Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis

10.1 Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia

10.2 Dialysis headache10.3 Headache attributed to arterial hypertension10.4 Headache attributed to hypothyroidism10.5 Headache attributed to fasting10.6 Cardiac cephalalgia10.7 Headache attributed to other disorder of

homoeostasis


10.1 Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia

10.1.1 High-altitude headache10.1.2 Headache attributed to aeroplane travel10.1.3 Diving headache10.1.4 Sleep apnoea headache


10.3 Headache attributed to arterial hypertension

10.3.1 Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma

10.3.2 Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy

10.3.3 Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy

10.3.4 Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia or eclampsia

10.3.5 Headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia


11. Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial

or cervical structure11.1 Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone11.2 Headache attributed to disorder of neck11.3 Headache attributed to disorder of eyes11.4 Headache attributed to disorder of ears11.5 Headache attributed to nose or paranasal

sinuses11.6 Headache attributed to disorder of teeth or jaws11.7 Headache or facial pain attributed to

temporomandibular disorder (TMD)11.8 Head or facial pain attributed to inflammation of

stylohyoid ligament11.9 Headache or facial pain attributed to other

disorder of these structures


A. Any headache fulfilling criterion CB. Clinical, laboratory and/or imaging evidence of a disorder or

lesion within cervical spine or soft tissues of neck, known to be able to cause headache

C.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:1. headache has developed in temporal relation to onset of

cervical disorder or appearance of lesion2.headache has significantly improved or resolved in

parallel with improvement in or resolution of cervical disorder or lesion

3.cervical range of motion is reduced and headache is made significantly worse by provocative manœuvres

4.headache is abolished following diagnostic blockade of a cervical structure or its nerve supply


11.2.1 Cervicogenic headache


11.3.1 Headache attributed to acute glaucoma

A.Any headache fulfilling criterion CB.Acute narrow-angle glaucoma diagnosedC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to onset of glaucoma

2. headache has significantly worsened in parallel with progression of glaucoma

3. headache has significantly improved or resolved in parallel with improvement in or resolution of glaucoma

4. pain location includes affected eyeD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


11.7 Headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

A. Any headache fulfilling criterion CB. Clinical and/or imaging evidence of TMDC.Evidence of causation demonstrated by ≥2 of:

1. headache has developed in temporal relation to onset of TMD

2.either or both of: a) headache has significantly worsened in parallel with progression of TMD; b) headache has significantly improved or resolved in parallel with improvement in or resolution of TMD

3.headache produced or exacerbated by active jaw movements, passive movements through range of motion of jaw and/or provocative manœuvres such as pressure on TMJ and surrounding muscles of mastication

4.headache, when unilateral, is ipsilateral to TMDD.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


12. Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder

12.1 Headache attributed to somatization disorder

12.2 Headache attributed to psychotic disorder


Part 3:Painful cranial neuropathies, other facial pains and other

headaches

13. Painful cranial neuropathies and other facial pains

14. Other headache disorders


13. Painful cranial neuropathies and other facial

pains13.1 Trigeminal neuralgia13.2 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia13.3 Nervus intermedius (facial nerve) neuralgia13.4 Occipital neuralgia13.5 Optic neuritis13.6 Headache attributed to ischaemic ocular motor

nerve palsy13.7 Tolosa-Hunt syndrome13.8 Paratrigeminal oculosympathetic (Raeder’s)

syndrome13.9 Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy13.10 Burning mouth syndrome (BMS)13.11 Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)13.12 Central neuropathic pain


13.1 Trigeminal neuralgia

13.1.1 Classical trigeminal neuralgia13.1.1.1 Classical trigeminal neuralgia,

purely paroxysmal

13.1.1.2Classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant persistent

facial pain13.1.2Painful trigeminal neuropathy


13.1.1 Classical trigeminal neuralgia

A.At least 3 attacks of unilateral facial pain fulfilling criteria B and C

B.In ≥1 divisions of trigeminal nerve, with no radiation beyond trigeminal distribution

C.Pain has ≥3 of the following 4 characteristics:1. recurring in paroxysmal attacks lasting from a fraction of a second to 2 min2. severe intensity3. electric shock-like, shooting, stabbing or sharp in quality4. precipitated by innocuous stimuli to affected side of face

D.No clinically evident neurological deficitE.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


13.4 Occipital neuralgiaA. Unilateral or bilateral pain fulfilling criteria B-EB. In distribution of greater, lesser and/or third occipital nervesC.≥2 of the following 3 characteristics:

1. recurring in paroxysmal attacks lasting from a few seconds to minutes2. severe intensity3. shooting, stabbing or sharp in quality

D.Associated with both of the following:1. dysaesthesia and/or allodynia apparent during innocuous stimulation of scalp and/or hair2. either or both of: a) tenderness over affected nerve branches; b) trigger points at emergence of greater occipital nerve or in area of distribution of C2

E. Eased temporarily by local anaesthetic block of affected nerveF. Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis


13.10 Burning mouth syndrome (BMS)

A. Oral pain fulfilling criteria B and CB. Recurring daily for >2 h per day for >3 moC. Pain has both of the following

characteristics:1. burning quality2. felt superficially in the oral mucosa

D. Oral mucosa is of normal appearance and clinical examination including sensory testing is normal



13.18.4 Persistent idiopathicfacial pain (PIFP)

A.Facial and/or oral pain fulfilling criteria B and C

B.Recurring daily for >2 h per day for >3 moC.Pain has both of the following characteristics:

1. poorly localized, and not following distribution of a peripheral nerve2. dull, aching or nagging quality

D.Clinical neurological examination is normalE.Dental cause excluded by appropriate

investigationsF.Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3

diagnosis


14. Other headache disorders

14.1 Headache not elsewhere classified14.2 Headache unspecified


14.1 Headachenot elsewhere classified

A.Headache with characteristic features suggesting that it is a unique diagnostic entity

B.Does not fulfil criteria for any of the headache disorders described in chapters 1-13


14.2 Headache unspecified

A.Headache is or has been present

B.Not enough information is available to classify the headache at any level of this classification


Appendix

• Presents research criteria for a number of novel entities that have not been sufficiently validated

• Presents alternative diagnostic criteria that may be preferable but for which the evidence is insufficient

• Is a first step in eliminating disorders included in the 2nd edition for which sufficient evidence has still not been published


Copyright

• The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition beta version,is published in Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 629-808

• It may be reproduced freely for scientific or clinical uses by institutions, societies or individuals

• Otherwise, copyright belongs exclusively to International Headache Society


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