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ICOEST BELGRAD 2016 II. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY www.icoest.eu BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 2016
ICOESTBELGRAD 2016
II. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
w w w . i c o e s t . e u
BOOK OF
ABSTRACTS 2016
Organized by
Supported by
II. International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology
ISBN: 978-605-66262-9-6
Edited by
Prof. Dr. Özer Çınar
Alma Ligata
Published, 2016
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole orpart of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may betranslated, reproduced, stored in a computerized system or published in anyform or in any manner, including, but not limited to electronic, mechanical,reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from thepublisher.
The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising fromthem remain the responsibility of the authors.
The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which could be a resultof content derived from this publication.
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS OF THEII. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - BELGRADE 2016
Prof.Dr. Abdulrezzak Memon - International University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Adisa Parić – University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Ahmet Demir - Yıldız Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Ahmet Karagündüz - Gebze Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Ana Vovk-Korže - University of MariborProf.Dr. Ayşe Filibeli – Dokuz Eylül UniversityProf.Dr. Barış Çallı - Marmara UniversityProf.Dr. Bestami Özkaya - Yıldız Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Cumali Kınacı - İstanbul Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Dragan Vinterhalter - University of BelgradeProf.Dr. Dragutin T. Mihailović - University of Novi SadProf.Dr. Edina Muratović – University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Erkan Şahinkaya - İstanbul Medeniyet UniversityProf.Dr. Esad Prohic - University of ZagrebProf.Dr. Eyüp Debik - Yıldız Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Halil Hasar - Fırat UniversityProf.Dr. Hasan Merdun - Akdeniz UniversityProf.Dr. Jasna Huremović – University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Lada Lukić Bilela – University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Lukman Thalib - Qatar UniversityProf.Dr. M. Asghar Fazel - University of EnvironmentProf.Dr. Mehmet Çakmakçı - Yıldız Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Mehmet Kitiş - Süleyman Demirel UniversityProf.Dr. Özer Çınar - Yıldız Technical UniversityProf.Dr. Rifat Skrijelj - University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Samir Đug - University of SarajevoProf.Dr. Sinan Uyanık - Harran UniversityProf.Dr. Suad Bećirović - International University of Novi PazarProf.Dr. Šemsudin Plojović - International University of Novi PazarProf.Dr. Tanju Karanfil - Clemson UniversityProf.Dr. Ubeyde İpek - Fırat UniversityProf.Dr. Vedat Uyak - Pamukkale UniversityProf.Dr. Yücel Taşdemir - Uludağ University
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Assoc. Prof.Dr. Abdurrahman Akyol - Gebze Technical UniversityAssoc. Prof.Dr. Cevat Yaman - Gebze Technical UniversityAssoc. Prof.Dr. Elma Elfić-Zukorlić - International University of Novi PazarAssoc. Prof.Dr. Kevser Cırık - Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam UniversityAssoc. Prof.Dr. Mehmet Sinan Bilgili - Yıldız Technical UniversityAssoc. Prof.Dr. Mehmed Meta - International University of Novi PazarAssoc. Prof.Dr. Mostafa Jafari - Research Institute of Forests and RangelandsAssoc. Prof.Dr. Numan Yıldırım - Tunceli UniversityAssoc. Prof.Dr. Nusret Drešković - University of SarajevoAssoc. Prof.Dr. Serdar Kara - Gebze Technical UniversityAssist. Prof.Dr. Ahmad Talebi - University of EnvironmentAssist. Prof.Dr. Gökhan Önder Ergüven - Tunceli UniversityAssist. Prof.Dr. Mostafa Panahi - Islamic Azad UniversityAssist. Prof.Dr. Sasan Rabieh - Shahid Beheshti UniversityAssist. Prof.Dr. Ševkija Okerić - University of Sarajevo
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
Chairman of the Conference
Prof. Dr. Özer Çınar – Yıldız Technical University
Members of the Committee
Prof. Dr. M. Asghar Fazel (Co-Chairman) – University of EnvironmentProf. Dr. Samir Đug, University of SarajevoAssoc. Prof. Dr. Cevat Yaman - Gebze Technical UniversityAssist. Prof. Dr. Sasan Rabieh Shahid Beheshti UniversityAssist. Prof. Dr. Ševkija Okerić - University of SarajevoAssist. Prof. Dr. Nusret Drešković - University of SarajevoAssist. Prof. Dr. Ranko Mirić - University of SarejevoMusa Kose - Zenith Group SarajevoIsmet Uzun - Zenith Group SarajevoAlma Ligata - Zenith Group SarajevoAjdin Perco - Faktor.ba
On behalf of the organizing committee, we are pleased to announce that the II International
Conference on Environmental Science and Technology is held from September 28 to October 2,
2016 in Belgrade, Serbia. ICOEST 2016 provides an ideal academic platform for researchers to
present the latest research findings and describe emerging technologies, and directions in
Environmental Science and Technology. The conference seeks to contribute to presenting novel
research results in all aspects of Environmental Science and Technology.
The conference aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research
scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of
Environmental Science and Technology. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for
scientists, engineers, and practitioners to present their latest research results, ideas,
developments, and applications in al lareas of Environmental Science and Technology. The
conference will bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and scholars in the
domain of interest from around the world.
ICOEST 2016 is the oncoming event of the successful conference series focusing on
Environmental Science and Technology. The scientific program focuses on current advances in
th eresearch, production and use of Environmental Engineering and Sciences with particular
focus on their role in maintaining academic level in Science and Technology and elevating the
science level such as: Water and waste water treatment, sludge handling and management,
Solid waste and management, Surface water quality monitoring, Noise pollution and control, Air
pollution and control, Ecology and ecosystem management, Environmental data analysis and
modeling, Environmental education, Environmental planning, management and policies for
cities and regions, Green energy and sustainability, Water resources and river basin
management.
The conference's goals are to provide a scientific forum for all international prestige scholars
around the world and enable the interactive exchange of state-of-the-art knowledge. The
conference will focus on evidence-based benefits proven in environmental science and
engineering experiments.
Best regards,
Prof. Dr.Özer ÇINAR
WELCOME TO ICOEST 2016
i
ContentsWASHINGWATERTREATMENTINALKALI-CATALYZEDBIODIESELPRODUCTION.................................1
BIODIESELPRODUCTIONUSINGWETANDDRYPURIFICATIONMETHODS...........................................2
UTILIZATIONOFOLIVECAKEINBIOFUELINDUSTRYASPELLETANDBRIQUETTEFUELS.......................3
CARBONSTORAGEANDNUTRIENTSTOCKSDISTRIBUTIONSOFTHREEADJACENTLANDUSE
PATTERNSINLAKEDANAONATIONALPARK,ORMOC,LEYTE,PHILIPPINES.........................................4
HAYYIELDPERFORMANCEOFSOYBEANGENOTYPESFROMDIVERSEORIGINS....................................5
BIOFUELPRODUCTINFROMCO2INPOLLUTEDAREASBYISOLATIONOFSYNECHOCOCCUS
ELONGATUSFROMALAKEINTURKEY...................................................................................................6
CONTAMINATIONOFCLAYLAYERSWITHDNAPLWASTESANDIMPACTOFCRACKSON
CONTAMINANTACCUMULATION..........................................................................................................7
ECOTOXICOLOGICALINVESTIGATIONOFTHREENANO-METALOXIDES(HFO2,SIO2,ZNO)ONFOUR
TROPHICLEVELS(BACTERIA,YEAST,MOLDANDALGAE)ANDTHEIRBIODEGRADABILITIES...............8
EVALUATIONOFTHESTRUCTURALANDPLANTLANDSCAPEDESIGNSOFTHEEUROPEANTOWN
SQUARES................................................................................................................................................9
ASPECTROSCOPICSTUDY:PREPARATIONANDCHARACTERIZATIONOFBIODEGRADABLENON-TOXIC
CELLULOSE-BASEDAEROGELCROSSLINKEDWITHCITRICACID...........................................................10
PROTECTIVEROLEOFHUMICACIDINLETTUCE(LACTUCASATIVAL.)SUBJECTEDTOUV-BRADIATION
..............................................................................................................................................................11
ECOLOGICALANDSOCIO-ECONOMICEFFECTSOFINVASIVESPECIESRAPANAVENOSAINTHEBLACK
SEAECOSYSTEM...................................................................................................................................12
EUTROPHICSTATEOFTHEEASTERNBASINOFIZMITBAY(THEMARMARASEA)INAUTUMN2014..13
REMEDIATIONOFSELENIUM(IV)BYMETHANE-OXIDISINGBACTERIA...............................................14
EVALUATIONOFPCDD/FPOLLUTIONINTHEMUSSEL(MYTILUSGALLOPRVINCIALIS)TISSUEINIZMIT
BAY.......................................................................................................................................................15
PRODUCTIONOFBIO-PELLETSDERIVEDFROMSAWDUSTANDCRUDEGLYCEROL............................16
INVESTIGATIONOFDEGREDABILITYOFIBUPROFENFROMWASTEWATERBYUSINGADVANCED
OXIDATIONPROCESS............................................................................................................................17
ENDEMICTAXAOFTHEGENUSMUSCARIMILL.INTURKEY,THREATENEDCATEGORIESAND
CONSERVATIONSTATUSASSESSMENTS..............................................................................................18
RELATIONSHIPSBETWEENNANOPARTICLETIO2ANDDAPHNIAMAGNAPOPULATIONDYNAMICS..19
DEEPSEAOUTFALLOFNATURALGASFIREDCOMBINEDCYCLEPOWERPLANTCOOLINGWATER
APPLICATIONANDMODELING.............................................................................................................20
INVESTIGATIONOFDOMESTICWASTEWATERDISCHARGEPERFORMANCEOFSUBMARINEOUTFALLS
INRIZEPROVINCEANDALTERNATIVEPROPOSALS..............................................................................21
BENCHMARKINGEFFECTSOFORGANICANDCONVENTIONALFARMINGAPPLICATIONSATHAZELNUT
ORCHARDSINDRYLAND.......................................................................................................................22
POTENTIALECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENTOFHEAVYMETALATSEDIMENT....................................23
ii
ENERGYLITERACYINSOUTHEASTEUROPE..........................................................................................24
INVESTIGATIONOFOPTIMUMTREATABILITYOFPAPERINDUSTRYWASTEWATERWITHINNOVATIVE
APPLICATIONBYUSINGFENTONANDPHOTO-FENTONENHANCEDULTRAFILTRATION....................25
ANEWSTUDYPROMISINGPETREMOVAL:MICROBIALMONOMERDEGRADATION..........................26
BIOHYDROGENPRODUCTIONFROMMOLASSES:EFFECTOFPHOTOOXIDATIONTOMOLASSES........27
EFFECTSOFUSINGECO-FRIENDLYLUBRICANTSINPUMPBEARINGSINSTEADOFTRADITIONAL
LUBRICANTS.........................................................................................................................................28
CARBONNANOTUBEBLENDEDMIXEDMATRIXMEMBRANESFORDESALINATION............................29
BIODEGRADATIONOFPTAWASTEWATERBYTWO-STAGEANAEROBICREACTORSYSTEMS..............30
INTEGRATIONOFPHOTOCATALYTICANDMEMBRANEDISTILLATIONHYBRIDPROCESSESFORTEXTILE
WASTEWATERTREATMENT.................................................................................................................31
BIODEGRADATIONOFTEREPHTHALICACIDBYSOMEMICROORGANISMSISOLATEDFROM
ACTIVATEDSLUDGE..............................................................................................................................32
DETERMINATIONOFAPPROPRIATETECHNOLOGYFORREUSEOFPAPERINDUSTRYWASTEWATER.
..............................................................................................................................................................33
CATALYTICGASIFICATIONOFGALACTURONICACIDASAMODELCOMPOUNDFORHEMICELLULOSES
..............................................................................................................................................................34
PYROLYSISOFIMPREGNATEDDECORPAPERS.....................................................................................35
ELECTROOXIDATIONOFPRETREATEDTRANSPORTCONTAINERWASHINGWASTEWATER................36
ISOTHERMANDKINETICMODELLINGOFAZODYESADSORPTION......................................................37
GLOBALWARMINGANDRELATEDCLIMATECHANGES.......................................................................38
COMPARISONOFPERFORMANCEOFCONVENTIONALMEMBRANEBIOREACTORWITHDYNAMIC
MEMBRANEBIOREACTOR....................................................................................................................39
IRRIGATIONPURPOSEDDAMSASASOURCEOFMINIHYDROPOWERINAFYONKARAHISAR.............40
INVESTIGATIONONTHECHARACTERISTICSANDMANAGEMENTOFDENTALWASTEWATERIN
TEHRAN,IRAN......................................................................................................................................41
PULPANDPAPERWASTEWATERTREATMENTBYUSINGCHEMICALANDBIOLOGICALPROCESSES:
CHEMICALCOAGULATIONFOLLOWEDBYINNOVATIVELYDESIGNEDCSTR........................................42
BIOGASEFFICIENCY,LEACHATEQUALITYANDWASTESTABILIZATIONINANAEROBICLANDFILL
BIOREACTORS.......................................................................................................................................43
EFFECTOFTHEANODEELECTRODEONPARACETAMOLREMOVALINTHEELECTROOXIDATION-
ULTRASOUNDHYBRIDPROCESS...........................................................................................................44
PHOTOCATALYTICDEGRADATIONOFREACTIVERED180DYESOLUTIONENHANCEDBY
HYDRODYNAMICCAVITATION.............................................................................................................45
OUTDOORAIRPOLLUTIONINCREASEDWITHURBANTRANSFORMATIONINISTANBULANATOLIAN
SIDE......................................................................................................................................................46
FLOODRISKANALYSISOFAKARCAYRIVERONTHEUYDUKENTSETTLEMENTPLACE.........................47
HEAVYMETALSANALYSISINIRRIGATIONWATERANDSUGARBEET(BETAVULGARISL.)INERGENE
BASIN,TURKEY.....................................................................................................................................48
iii
SOMETURKISHLOWRANKCOALSANDHEALTHANDENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS.............................49
GENOPROTECTIVEPOTENTIALOFROSACANINAL.FRUITWATEREXTRACTONDNADAMAGE
INDUCEDBYEMSINSOMATICCELLSOFDROSOPHILAMELANOGASTER...........................................50
ANALYSISOFINVIVOGENOTOXICITYOFTHESYNTHETICPYRETHROIDINSECTICIDE“PERMETHRIN”
INHUMANPERIPHERALLYMPHOCYTESBYSISTERCHROMATIDEXCHANGE(SCE)ASSAY..................51
THEMYTILUSPROJECT:MONITORINGPESTICIDES,TRIBUTLYTINANDDETECTIONOFPARASITEAND
VIRALACCUMULATIONINMYTILUSGALLOPROVINCIALISINEASTERNAEGEANCOASTALWATERS
(IZMIRBAY)...........................................................................................................................................52
STRUCTUREOFBACTERIALCOMMUNITYAFTERREVEGETATIONOFANANTHROPIZEDSOILINTERGA
SANDPIT(ALGERIA)..............................................................................................................................53
STRUCTUREOFBACTERIALCOMMUNITYAFTERREVEGETATIONEFFORTSOFANANTHROPIZEDSOIL
INASANDPITOFTERGA(ALGERIA)......................................................................................................54
ATRIPLEXHALIMUSINVITROMICROPROPAGATION...........................................................................55
ISOLATIONOFMICROBIALAMYLASEFROMVARIOUSAGRICULTURALWASTESWITHSOLIDSTATE
FERMENTATION(SSF)...........................................................................................................................56
COMPARISONOFTHEFENNELLIANIVEAPOWDERANDACTIVATEDCHARCOALONBIOREMOVALOF
REACTIVEBLUE24DYE.........................................................................................................................57
PHYTOCHEMICALINVESTIGATIONANDANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASEACTIVITYOFLEAFEXTRACTS
FROMRHAMNUSOLEOIDESL..............................................................................................................58
COMPARATIVESTUDYOFANTIOXIDATIVEACTIVITYANDPHYTOCHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFTWO
SEAWEEDSULVALACTUCA(GREENALGAE)ANDDICTYOPTERISPOLYPODIOIDES(BROWNALGAE)..59
COMPARATIVESTUDYOFANTIOXIDATIVEACTIVITYANDPHYTOCHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFTWO
SEAWEEDSULVALACTUCA(GREENALGAE)ANDHALOPITHYSINCURVA(REDALGAE)......................60
FOSTERINGINDUSTRIALSYMBIOSISFORASUSTAINABLERESOURCEINTENSIVEINDUSTRYACROSS
THEEXTENDEDCONSTRUCTIONVALUECHAIN...................................................................................61
USEOFDINUCLEARMETALCOMPLEXESFORTHEREMOVALOFMETHYLENEBLUE..........................62
USINGENTOMOPATHOGENICFUNGIFORCONTROLOFBIODIVERSITY..............................................63
INVESTIGATIONOFSOMECULTURALCONDITIONONBIOLOGICALDECOLORIZATIONOFBASICRED
46BYSPIRULINAPLATENSIS.................................................................................................................64
ZOOPLANKTONSTUDIESINTHEBOKAKOTORSKABAY(SOUTHERNADRIATIC)–LARVAE.................65
SOMEPHYSIOLOGICALRESPONSESOFHAZELNUTTREESUNDERDRYCONDITIONS..........................66
FIXED-BED-COLUMNSTUDIESFORMETHYLENEBLUEREMOVALANDRECOVERYBYUNTREATED
COFFEERESIDUES.................................................................................................................................67
MEIOFAUNAASANENVIRONMENTALBIO-INDICATORINMARINEECOSYSTEMS..............................68
RELATIONOFBUILTANDNATURALENVIRONMENT'SEFFECTSONPUBLICHEALTH...........................69
TREATMENTOFBEVERAGESINDUSTRYWASTEWATERBYELECTROCOAGULATIONPROCESS...........70
ADVANCEDELECTRODESFORVANADIUMREDOXFLOWCELLSBASEDONMODIFIEDCARBON
NANOWALLS.........................................................................................................................................71
iv
INVESTIGATIONOFMICROBIALQUALITYANDTOXICITYOFINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERTREATED
WITHMEMBRANEFILTRATION............................................................................................................72
FLUORIDETOXICITYONHEMATOLOGICALPARAMETERSINNILFISH(OREOCHROMISNILOTICUS)...73
EFFECTOFDRYINGTECHNIQUESONVIABILITYANDBIODEGRADATIONACTIVITYOFPSEUDOMONAS
SP..........................................................................................................................................................74
OBTAININGSTABILIZEDINOCULATIONCULTUREFORPETROCHEMICALINDUSTRYWASTEWATER
TREATMENT..........................................................................................................................................75
Keywords:PTA,Biodegredation,WastewaterTreatment,Sludge,Bioaugmentation,Hydrocarbons,
LyophylizationCONSUMERBEHAVIORINTHERECYCLINGOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICWASTE:
THECASEOFSIVAS...............................................................................................................................75
CONSUMERBEHAVIORINTHERECYCLINGOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICWASTE:THECASEOF
SIVAS....................................................................................................................................................76
COMPARATIVESTUDYREGARDINGPOWERDENSITYINREDOXFLOWCELLVERSUSELECTROLYTE
COMPOSITION......................................................................................................................................77
STUDYREGARDINGPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEEFFICIENCYINVANADIUMREDOXFLOWCELL
..............................................................................................................................................................78
ASOCIALECOLOGICALCOLLABORATION:CYCLINGGROUPS..............................................................79
DETERMINATIONOFSOMETRITICALEVARIETIESFORPHOSPHORUSANDPROTEINCONTENTSIN
SIIRTPROVINCE....................................................................................................................................80
PHYTOREMEDIATIONCAPACITYOFWOODSPECIESONURBANROADSIDEINVANPROVINCE.........81
CLEANENERGYPRODUCTIONUSINGMICROBIALFUELCELLS(MFC)ANDWHITEROTFUNGI...........82
THEEFFECTSOFNITRITEONHEMATOLOGICALPARAMETERSOFNILTILAPIA(OREOCHROMIS
NILOTICUSLINNAEUS,1758)................................................................................................................83
EFFECTSOFSALT,IONICANDOSMOTICSTRESSONGERMINATIONANDPHYSIOLOGICAL
PARAMETERSOFTRANSGENICTOBACCOPLANTSCARRYINGTANAC69-1GENE................................84
SHORT-TERMEFFECTOFNANOPARTICLESZNOANDTIO2ONDAPHNIAMAGNA..............................85
SEASONALDISTRUBITIONOFFISHSPECIESINARECENTINDUSTRIALFISHINGBANAREA.................86
DECOLORIZATONOFINDUSTRIALTEXTILEDYESBYPHANEROCHAETECHRYSOSPORIUM.................87
EFFECTSOFLONG-CHAINPOLYUNSATURATEDω3ANDCONJUGATEDLINOLEICACIDONINSULIN
RESISTANCE,HYPERTENSIONANDKIDNEYOXIDATIVESTRESSINFRUCTOSE-FEDRATS.....................88
1
WASHINGWATERTREATMENTINALKALI-CATALYZEDBIODIESELPRODUCTION
VELIGOKHANDEMIRa,BAYBARSALIFILb,VEDATDEMIRTASc,HAKANSERHADSOYHANd
aMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
bENVIROMENTALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
cAUTOMOTIVEENGINEERING,FACULTYOFTECHNOLOGY,AFYONKOCATEPEUNIVERSITYdMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERING,SAKARYAUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Biodiesel, an alternative fuel for petroleum diesel is generally produced by alkali catalyzed
transesterificationmethod,and theproduct, crudebiodieselmustbepurified tobeused indiesel
engines. The traditional purification process, wet washing with water is one of the most used
techniquesbybiodieselproducersbecauseofitspracticalapplicabilityandhighefficiency.Inrecent
years,biodieselproductionhasfairlyincreased,anditisstronglyestimatedthatthisincrementlevel
will go on increasingly, and higher biodiesel wastewater that must be treated to protect
environment from itspollutant contents (unconvertedmono-di glycerides, catalyst, soaps,organic
etc.)willbeformed.Thus,newandinnovativemethodsaboutbiodieselwastewatertreatmenthave
been investigated and improved by many researchers. This study aims to represent a review on
comparison of different treatment processes of waste washing water formed by alkali-catalyzed
biodieselproductionsuchasphysico-chemical,electrochemical,biological,advancedoxidationand
variouscoupledformsofthesementionedmethods.
Keywords:Biodiesel,AlkaliCatalysts,WetWashing,WasteWaterTreatment
2
BIODIESELPRODUCTIONUSINGWETANDDRYPURIFICATIONMETHODS
VELIGOKHANDEMIRa,BAYBARSALIFILb,VEDATDEMIRTASc,HAKANSERHADSOYHANd
aMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
bENVIROMENTALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
cAUTOMOTIVEENGINEERING,FACULTYOFTECHNOLOGY,AFYONKOCATEPEUNIVERSITYdMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERING,SAKARYAUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In biodiesel production via transesterification, after removing glycerol from crude biodiesel,
purificationprocessmustbeperformedbeforeusingbiodiesel as a fuel thatmeets the EN14214
standard.Intheliterature,variousprocessesarepresentedforpurificationofbiodieselhowever;dry
andwetwashingmethodsaremostlyrecommendedbecauseoftheirhigherefficienciesandeasier
applicabilities. In this study, methyl esters (biodiesel) derived from waste frying oil (WFO) and
sunflower oil were generated using transesterification technique in the presence of KOH and
methanol in anovelmicrowaveassistedbiodiesel reactor. Forpurificationof crudebiodiesel, two
differentmethods;washingwithdistilledwateraswetwashing,andwithmagnesolasdrywashing
werecarriedoutandcompared.Accordingtotheresults,drywashingmethod improvedbiodiesel
yieldandestercontent,italsoreducedthepurificationprocesstimeconsiderably.
Keywords:Biodiesel,Transesterification,PurificationTechniques
3
UTILIZATIONOFOLIVECAKEINBIOFUELINDUSTRYASPELLETANDBRIQUETTEFUELS
VELIGOKHANDEMIRa,PASAYAMANb,HAYRETTINYUKSELc,d
aMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
bMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITY
cMECHANICALENGINEERING,FACULTYOFENGINEERINGANDARCHITECTURE,BALIKESIR
UNIVERSITYd
Abstract:
In recent years, the concerns about fossil fuel reserves and globalwarming by greenhouse gases
increasetheinterestsonrenewableenergyandalternativefuels.Pelletsandbriquettes,oneofthe
mostusedbiomassformasbiofuel,aregenerallyobtainedfromcompressedbiologicalwastessuch
as saw dust, municipal solid waste, agricultural wastes in lower costs compared to charcoal,
firewood,gas,coaletc.conventionalfuelstobeusedindomesticandindustrialfields.Inanaverage
oliveoilproduction,35wt%ofoliveisformedtoolivecakeasawasteproductincontinuous-process
oilmills(twoorthreephases). Inthiswork,thestudiesaboutproductionmethods,fuelproperties
andcharacteristics,andutilizationareasofolivecakepelletsandbriquettesarereviewed.Besides,
inrespecttothedataobtainedfromTurkishStatisticalInstitute(2005-15),theannualproductionof
olive,oliveoilandolivecakeforTurkeywasexamined. It isobservedthat inTurkey,amajorolive
producer in Mediterranean region, annually an average of 378962.5 tons of olive cake can be
extractedfrom1082750tonsofolive;therefore,ahugeenergysourceexiststoabletoproduceolive
cake pellets and briquettes as a biofuel that can result in reduction of dependency on imported
energy.
Keywords:OliveCake,Pellet,Briquette
4
CARBONSTORAGEANDNUTRIENTSTOCKSDISTRIBUTIONSOFTHREEADJACENTLANDUSEPATTERNSINLAKEDANAONATIONAL
PARK,ORMOC,LEYTE,PHILIPPINES
PEARLAPHRODITEBOBON-CARNICEa,SUZETTEB.LINAb
aEASTERNVISAYASSTATEUNIVERISTY
bVISAYASSTATEUNIVERISTY
Abstract:
The Lake Danao National Park is one of the forest reserves in the Philippines. The country
experienceddrasticdecreaseofforestcoverduetolanduseconversion,cuttingoftreesanddoing
agriculture to support food security. Secondary forests are important componentof land cover in
the tropics, and when transformed or converted into another land-use, it is believed to have
negativeeffectsonsomesoilpropertiesandforestecosystem ingeneral.Apaired-area/space-for-
timesubstitutionapproachwasconductedtodeterminethechangesincarbonstorage:soilorganic
carbon(SOC)andtotalabovegroundbiomass(TAGB),soilnutrientstocksandfertilitystatusdueto
land use change. The study was conducted in Lake Danao National Park, Ormoc City, Leyte,
Philippines.Adjacent to secondary forest (<1 kmaway) grasslandand forestplantation landuses
werechosenandsampled forpossiblechangesonSOC,TAGBandnutrientstocksdueto landuse
change. Soil physical and chemical properties were characterized to assess changes brought by
secondaryforesttransformation.
Resultsshowedthatconversionof forest tograsslandand forestplantationdecreasedtheorganic
carbon,exchangeablealuminum,exchangeableacidity,CECeff,TAGBwhilepHinH2O,exchangeable
magnesiumandCECpotincreasedwhenforestwasconvertedtograsslandandforest.Additionally,
availableP,basesaturation,Ca,K,andNaincreasedwhiletotalN,andSOCstocksdecreasedwhen
forestwasconvertedtograsslandandforestplantation.Resultsindicatethatconversionofforestto
grasslandandforestplantationhadgreatlyaffectedtheSOCstocks,TAGB,soilsnutrientstocksand
fertility status. However, contrary to common knowledge, improvement of some soil properties
couldalsobeobserved.Thestudy revealed thatchanges in soilproperties largelydependedupon
thelanduse.
Keywords:Andisol,OrganicCarbon,TotalAbovegroundBiomass,SecondaryForest,NutrientStocks,
FertilityStatus,AdjacentLandUse
5
HAYYIELDPERFORMANCEOFSOYBEANGENOTYPESFROMDIVERSEORIGINS
ESVETACIKGOZa,ABDURRAHIMTANJUGOKSOYb,AYSENUZUNc,MEHMETSINCIKd
aULUDAGUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFAGRICULTUREDEPTOFFIELDCROPS
bULUDAGUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFAGRICULTUREDEPTOFFIELDCROPS
cULUDAGUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFAGRICULTUREDEPTOFFIELDCROPSdULUDAGUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFAGRICULTUREDEPTOFFIELDCROPS
Abstract:
Soybean[Glycinemax(L.)Merr.]isaproductive,high-qualitysummerforagelegumeforhay,silage
orgreenmanure.Inthisstudy,70biodiversecollectionsofsoybeanincludinglocaltypesandcheck
cultivarswereevaluatedforhighhayyieldandyieldcomponents.Theexperimentwasconductedin
2013 for main crop and double crop conditions at the experimental field of Uludag University,
Bursa,Turkey.
A70soybeancollectionsweregrown inaugmenteddesignwith fivestandardchecks replicated in
fiveblocks,3mlongrowsspaced70cm.Seedingratewas60seedsperrow.Seedingwasmadeon
30April2013formaincropand16July2013fordoublecrop.
Varianceanalysisthestudyshowedthatsignificanteffect(P<0.01andP<0.05)ofcheckcultivarsand
thegenotypesondrymatteryield,plantconstituentsandallcharacteristicsmeasuredinbothmain
anddouble crop conditions. Flowering time, plant height, branching, drymatter yield, plant parts
percentages,crudeproteincontentsofthegenotypesvariedgreatlybetweenthegenotypes. The
drymatterwere positively and significantly associatedwith plant height (0.82** and 0.76**) and
daystoflower(0.60**and0.46**)inmainanddoublecropconditions,respectively.
*ThisstudywassupportedbyTUBITAK-Tovag,ProjectNo:112O149
Keywords:Soybean,GlycineMax(L.)Merr.,ForageLegume,YieldComponents
6
BIOFUELPRODUCTINFROMCO2INPOLLUTEDAREASBYISOLATIONOFSYNECHOCOCCUSELONGATUSFROMALAKEINTURKEY
CANSUDOĞANa,DELIATERESASPONZAb
aEGEUNIVERSITY
bDOKUZEYLULUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In recent years the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increase significantly. The authoritie
dedicetedthattheCO2emmisionsshouldbereducedto450ppmintheatmosphereinyear2050.
ThereductionofCO2levelsitisnecessarytopreventtheworldwarmingandpollution.Amongthe
CO2 trapping methods CO2 fixation by the atmosphere using Synechococcus elongatus from
cyanobacteria isveryimportantsincetheCO2wastransformedto1-butanolwhichcanbeusedas
fuel in thecarsandcanbeaneconomicalternative to thegasoline. In this study, itwasaimed to
produce1-butanolfromCO2byusingSynechococcuselongatusascheapfuelsource.Intheframe
workofthisstudytheisolationofSynechococcuselongatusfromalakebyusingsomebiochemical
tests(dimensions,ammonia,nitrite,nitrateandureautilizion,proteinproduction)wereinvestigated
underpurifiedCO2conditionsfromtheatmosphere.TheCO2intheatmospherewaspurifiedusing
Nitrosomonas sp. andAzotobacter sp. forO2 andN gases eliminations. The effects of retention-
period,pHandtemperaturevariations,sulphateandNaClconcentrations,differentredoxpotential
levels (anoxic,aerobicandanaerobicconditions), lightpower,dissolvedO2andpAM2991plasmid
additionswereresearchedinthisstudy.Themaximum1-butanolproductionwas9.15mg/Lat30°C
temperature,atpH7.1,under60Wlightpowerataretentiontimeof30days.Themaximumyield
of1-butanolproduced/CO2utilizedefficiency is51.6%fortheconditionsgivenabove.Duringthe1-
butanolmetabolization the activities of 3-hidroxybutyryl-CoAdehydrogenase (Hbd), trans-2-enoyl-
CoAreductase(Ter)andaldehyde/alcoholdehydrogenase(AdhE2)enzymesweremeasuredas6x10-
3cellnumber/ml,0,7x10-3and1,1x10-3cellnumber/ml, respectively.Thecostof thisproceswas
only0,026Euro/L1-butanolcomparedtocommercialgasoline(1.6Euro).
Keywords:Biofuels,1-Butanol,SynechococcusElongatus,Cyanobacteria,CarbonDioxide
7
CONTAMINATIONOFCLAYLAYERSWITHDNAPLWASTESANDIMPACTOFCRACKSONCONTAMINANTACCUMULATION
DERYAAYRALCINARa,AVERYH.DEMONDb
aSINOPUNIVERSITY
bTHEUNIVERSITYOFMICHIGAN
Abstract:
Chlorinated solvents like trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) are prevalent
groundwater contaminants being detected more than half of the Superfund Sites. They are
introduced into the subsurface due to improper disposal of hazardous wastes containing these
chlorinated dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL). DNAPL wastes sink in the subsurface and
formpoolsonclaylayers.Furthertransportintotheunderlyingclaylayerisdominatedbydiffusion
due to the low permeability of these soils and results in accumulation of contaminants therein
overtimethroughdiffusion.However,fieldevidencereportedthatmassstorageofsolventsinsuch
zoneswas higher thanwhat can be attributed to simple diffusion. To evaluate this finding,mass
storageof TCE in a hypothetical aquitard after 30 years of diffusionwas calculated. Thediffusion
coefficientreportedinthefieldstudyresultedinmassstorageof62ginthishypotheticalaquitard
whereasthemasscalculatedusingthemeasureddiffusioncoefficientofTCEfrompuresolventinto
water-saturatedclayey soilwasonlyhalfof it (29g).Thecalculatedmass storagewaseven lower
(3.7g)ifthemeasureddiffusioncoefficientofTCEfromDNAPLwasteintowaste-contactedsoilwas
used.So,massofTCEaccumulatedthroughsolediffusionwasnotabletoexplaintheoneobserved
inthefield.ThisexcessmassinthefieldmightbethemassofDNAPLenteredintothecrackswhich
werereportedtoforminclaylayersasaresultofthedirectcontactbetweenwatersaturatedclay
andDNAPLwaste.MassofTCEinthecrackswascalculatedusingreportedaveragecracksizeandan
assumedcrackdepth,anditappearedthatcracksfilledwithDNAPLcouldincreasethestoredmass
upto94gwhichcouldeasilyaccountfortheenhancedmassstorageobservedinthefield.
Keywords:Tce,HazardousWaste,Diffusion,ClayLayer,Contamination,
8
ECOTOXICOLOGICALINVESTIGATIONOFTHREENANO-METALOXIDES(HFO2,SIO2,ZNO)ONFOURTROPHICLEVELS(BACTERIA,YEAST,
MOLDANDALGAE)ANDTHEIRBIODEGRADABILITIES
NEFISEERDİNÇMERa,DELIATERESASPONZAb
aDOKUZEYLULUNIVERSITY
bDOKUZEYLULUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Nano-metaloxides (NMOs)areused in very large scale in industrial applications, inelectronics, in
textilesandinwatertreatmenttechnologies.ThisresultswithaccumulationoftheseNMOsinthe
natureandcausetotoxicity in theecosystem. Knowledgeofpotential toxicityofnanoparticles to
organismsislimited.Todeterminethetoxicologicaleffectsofnano-HfO2;nano-SiO2;nano-ZnO
to anaerobicmethaneArchae frombacteria, to Candida albicans fromyeast, toAspergillus niger
frommold,toChlorellasp.fromblue-greenalgae;sometoxicityanalyseswereperformedtodetect
the EC50values (nanoparticleconcentration inhibiting50%of theorganisms).Thesevalueswere
calculated from the inhibitions of NMOs versus exposure time (24, 48 and 72 hours). Anaerobic
Toxicity Assay (ATA) testswere perfomed based on themethane gas production in sealed-closed
assaybottlesforeachnanoparticleandfromthecomparisonwiththecontrolbottlewithoutNMOs.
Also,theirbiodegradabiltytestsweredeterminedinanaquaticenvironmentduring28daysbased
onthesolubleCODconcentrations.Amongthenanaparticles,themosttoxicNMOwasfoundtobe
nano-HfO2toanaerobicmethaneArchaebacteria becauseofthe lowEC50valuesafter48hours
contacting time (13,55 mg/l). Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were sensitive to nano-ZnO
evenatlowconcentrationsduetolowEC50values(48-hEC50=2,9mg/lforCandidaalbicans;48-h
EC50=13,9mg/lforAspergillusniger).Chlorellasp. isverysensitivetoallNMOs(nano-HfO2EC50=
2,4mg/l;nano-SiO2EC50=0,86mg/landnano-ZnOEC50=0,55mg/l)duetoentrappingofNMOsby
thealgalcellsresultingininhibitions.Fromthe28daysbiodegradabiltytestsofNMOsitwasfound
thatthepercantageofremovalefficienciesare19,01%,34,34%and6,43%fornano-HfO2,nano-
SiO2andnano-ZnO,respectivelyafter28days.
Keywords:Nano-MetalOxides,TrophicLevels,AcuteToxicity,Biodegradability.
9
EVALUATIONOFTHESTRUCTURALANDPLANTLANDSCAPEDESIGNSOFTHEEUROPEANTOWNSQUARES
NURHANKOÇANa
aBARTINUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Urbansquaresareurbanpublicplaceswhichhavebecomeanimportantcomponentofthecitylife
withdifferentfunctionsandformsfromtheformationofthecityuntiltotoday.Thepeopleofthe
citygatheredintheseplacesandsocialculturehadtheopportunitytoexpressthemselvesinhere.
Fromthispointofsquaresarealandmarkthatreflectsthecity'scultureandidentity.Squarescarry
differentidentityandformaccordingtotheareatheyarelocatedinandsocio-culturalstructureof
thecommunity.Alsophysicalvalueofthesquareandqualificationsoftheelementshaveplayedan
importantroleintheconstituationofthesquareintermsoftheplacedesignandasactivecharacter
intheenvironment.Inthisstudy,visualandfunctionaleffectsofthesquaresontheformationofthe
urbantexture;priorityuseofthestructure,plantandwaterelementsformingthestructuraldesign
of thesquraeandeffectsof these itemson the formandusewereexamined.Obtainingcommon
data and information related to the design preferences of the squraes selected from various
European cities is the aim of thework. Selected samples squares have been examined via of the
layoutplansofthearea,photographsandphotosobtainedfromtheGoogleEarthwebsite.Freehand
drawing techniques, AutoCAD 2014, Photoshop CS5, SketchUp and Lumion softwarewas used to
drawofthedesignandtovisualizethreedimensionalintheworkasmethod.Thespatialanalysesof
the squraes have beenmade via of these data. It is concluded that facades of the buildings that
makeupthesquare,structuralandplantdesign,urbanreinforcement,monumentalelementsand
otherlandscapeelementsareimportantcriterionindeterminingoftheformalqualificationsofthe
squreandsotheyaffecttheuseofthearea.
Keywords:Square,UrbanPublicPlace,LandscapeDesign,Europe.
10
ASPECTROSCOPICSTUDY:PREPARATIONANDCHARACTERIZATIONOFBIODEGRADABLENON-TOXICCELLULOSE-BASEDAEROGEL
CROSSLINKEDWITHCITRICACID
MEHMETKAYAa,ÖMERSUNGURb,AHMETTABAKc
aRECEPTAYYIPERDOGANUNIVERSITY
bRECEPTAYYIPERDOGANUNIVERSITY
cSINOPUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Aerogels, which are among the lightest solidmaterials, are one of the finest insulationmaterials
available. Traditional aerogels aremainlymade of silica,which is not environmentally-friendly. In
Contrast,Celluloseisamajorcomponentofwood,themostabundant,lowcostnaturallyoccurring
polymerof glucoseandattracts a lotof interest forproducingnovelmaterials.Besides thin films,
sponges and fibres, functional materials with high added value, such as cellulose nanocrystals,
nanofibres, hydrogels and aerogels can be made from cellulose. Cellulose based aerogels have
severaluniquefeatures,someofwhicharesuperabsorbentandheatinsulating.
In order to obtain cellulose aerogel from hydrogels, cellulose hydrogels can be prepared from a
cellulose solution through physical cross-linking because cellulose hasmany hydroxyl groups that
caneasilyformhydrogenbondinglinkednetworks.Somechemicalssuchaldehyde-basedreagents,
urea derivatives and multifunctional carboxylic acids are the most widely used crosslinkers for
cellulose. However, some reagents are highly toxic in their unreacted state. Although unreacted
chemicalsareusuallyeliminatedaftercrosslinkingthroughextensivewashingindistilledwater,asa
rule toxic crosslinkers should be avoided, in order to preserve the biocompatibility of the final
hydrogel,aswellas toensureanenvironmentallysustainableproductionprocess.Novelcellulose-
based hydrogels crosslinked with citric acid have been recently reported, which combine good
swelling properties with biodegradability and absolute safety of the production process. In this
purpose, this work is focused on the preparation and spectroscopic characterization of new
environmentallyfriendlyandbiocompatiblecellulosebasedaerogelscrosslinkedwithcitricacid.
Keywords:Aerogel,Bio-Polymer,Cellulose,Composite
11
PROTECTIVEROLEOFHUMICACIDINLETTUCE(LACTUCASATIVAL.)SUBJECTEDTOUV-BRADIATION
ÖZKANAKSAKALa,FEYZAICOGLUAKSAKALb,ASLIHANESRINGUc
aATATURKUNIVERSITY
bATATURKUNIVERSITY
cATATURKUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation as an environmental stress has damaging effect on plants and its
overexposure can potentially interfere with growth and development. Humic acid (HA) is a
suspension,basedonpotassiumhumates,whichcanbeappliedasaplantgrowthstimulant.
Theobjectiveof this studywas to investigatewhether exogenousHAwould alleviate the adverse
effect ofUV-B stress on lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Various concentrations ofHA (HA1: 10,HA2: 20,
HA3:30mg/L)orH2O(control)wereappliedto30daysoldseedlings.After20dayslettuceplants
wereexposedtoUV-Bradiationfor12hbyusingUV-Blampatanirradianceof3.3Wm-2.
UV-B stress resulted in remarkable decrease in chlorophyll content, with a significant increase in
malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and superoxide radical (O2-.)
production, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. In
humicacid-treatedUV-Bstressedplants,theMDA,H2O2,O2-.contentsdecreasedandchlorophyll
content, antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbic acid level and the gene expression level of
phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) increased when
comparedwithUV-BstressedplantswithoutHA.TheseresultssuggestedthatHAcouldalleviatethe
detrimentaleffectofUV-Bonlettuceandalleviationmainlyrelatedwiththeincreaseinantioxidant
enzymeactivity,decreaseinreactiveoxygenspeciesandupregulationofkeygenessuchasPALand
γ-TMT.
Keywords:AntioxidantEnzymes,Lettuce,HumicAcid,PhenylalanineAmmoniaLyase(Pal),Γ-
TocopherolMethyltransferase,Ultraviolet-B
12
ECOLOGICALANDSOCIO-ECONOMICEFFECTSOFINVASIVESPECIESRAPANAVENOSAINTHEBLACKSEAECOSYSTEM.
HACERSAGLAMa,ERTUGDUZGUNESb
aFACULTYOFMARINESCIENCE,KARADENIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bFACULTYOFMARINESCIENCE,KARADENIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Rapawhelk,Rapanavenosa, isoneof themost successful invasive species in theworld. The rapa
whelkmovedtoBlackSea,MediterraneanSea,NorthandSouthAtlanticwatersandNorthSeafrom
Asiawaters via ballastwater of the ships since 1946. It has been caused negative ecological and
positive socio-economic effects. The most important ecological challenge is the reduction of the
native biodiversity. Another one is the socio-economic effect. This species started to catch by
dredgesandbecameaveryimportantincomesourceforthesmallscalefisheriesinthisregionsince
the 1980s. There is no domestic consumption in Turkey and it’s exported to Asia countries as a
frozenmeat and provide foreign currency about 15million USD. This paper gives information on
ecologicalandeconomicimpactsofthisinvasivespeciesintheBlackSeaecosystem.
Keywords:RapanaVenosa,EcologicalEffects,Socio-EconomicImpacts,BlackSea
13
EUTROPHICSTATEOFTHEEASTERNBASINOFIZMITBAY(THEMARMARASEA)INAUTUMN2014
HALIMAYTEKINERGÜLa,MERVEIPSIROGLUb,SERDARAKSANc
aKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
bKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
cKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Monitoring coastal eutrophication parameters in semi-enclosed marine systems like Izmit Bay is
crucial.In-situmeasurementsoftemperature,salinity,pH,chlorophyll-a,turbidity,dissolvedoxygen
and phytoplankton sampling were done in 5 different sampling points in November 2014 in the
Eastern Basin of Izmit Bay. Also nutrient (NO2-N, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4, SiO2) analyzes were
performedforeverysamplingpoints.Highersalinityvaluesinlowerlayersshowsstratificationinthe
bay.MeanvaluesforNO2-N,NO3-N,NH3-N,PO4,SiO2are0.01mg/L,0.05mg/L,0.05mg/L,0.12
mg/L,0.15mg/Land0.61mg/L respectively.Nutrientandwaterquality values showsconsistency
withearlierstudies.TRIXvaluesforeverysamplingpointswerecalculatedaccordingtoVollenweider
et. al. (1998) and results are 6.29, 5.88, 6.23, 6.83, 6.54 for sampling point 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
respectively.TRIXvaluesshowsthatthemajorityof İzmitBay iseutrophicandunderheavyriskof
eutrophication. During the study total of 21 Taxa from 3 algal classes (ie., Bacillariophyceae,
Dinophyceae,Dictyochophyceae)weredetermined.Amongthespeciestypicalphytoplanktonwhich
is known for their connection to eutrophical conditions (ie., Noctiluca sincillitans, Prorocentrum
micans).ThedominantgroupwasDinophyceaeintermsofspeciesnumbers(47%)andabundance.
Maximumchlorophyll-avalueweremeasuredas4.41µg/Linsamplingpoint4.
This studywas fundedby theKocaeliUniversity ScientificResearchProjectsUnit (GrantNo:KOU-
BAPB2014/022).
Keywords:IzmitBay,Trix,Phytoplankton,Nutrient,SeaOfMarmara
14
REMEDIATIONOFSELENIUM(IV)BYMETHANE-OXIDISINGBACTERIA
ABDURRAHMANS.ESWAYAHa,THOMASJ.SMITHb,ANDREASC.SCHEINOSTc,PHILIPH.E.GARDINERd
aSHEFFIELDHALLAMUNIVERSITY
bSHEFFIELDHALLAMUNIVERSITY
cTHEROSSENDORFBEAMLINEATEUROPEANSYNCHROTRONRADIATIONFACILITYdSHEFFIELDHALLAMUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Methane oxidising bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that can utilizemethane as their sole
sourceofcarbonandenergy.Theseubiquitousbacteriaarewellknownfortheirrole intheglobal
methanecycleandtheirpotentialforbioremediatingawiderangeofhydrocarbonandchlorinated
hydrocarbon pollution. In recent years it has also emerged that these bacteria influence the
speciationandbioavailabilityofmetals intheenvironment.Herewereportwhatwebelievetobe
the first studyof the interactionofmethane-oxidisingbacteriawith selenium-containing chemical
species. In this study, the ability of the well characterized model strains of methane oxidising
bacteria,Methylococcuscapsulatus(Bath)andMethylosinustrichosporiumOB3b,toreduceSeO32-
was investigatedunder laboratoryconditions.Both strainsareable to reduceSeO32- tonon-toxic
nanoparticulateSe0.Thiswasindicatedvisuallybytheredcolourationofthecultures.Theresulting
seleniumnanoparticleswere characterizedbyusingTEM-EDX,HAADF-STEM,andX-rayabsorption
spectroscopy. Subsequently, volatile selenium-containing species were detected from the M.
capulatus (thoughnotM. trichosporium) cultures, concomitantwith the lossof red colourdue to
Se0. In addition, the decrease in SeO32- concentration in the cultures was determined by using
HPLC-ICP-MS. These findings suggest that methane-oxidising bacteria can be exploited for Se-
bioremediation and suggest possible uses in the production of selenium nanoparticles for
biotechnology.
Keywords:Selenite,ElementalSelenium,MethaneOxidisingBacteria,Bioremediation.
15
EVALUATIONOFPCDD/FPOLLUTIONINTHEMUSSEL(MYTILUSGALLOPRVINCIALIS)TISSUEINIZMITBAY
AYKANKARADEMIRa,SEDAASLANKILAVUZb,BIRCANTELLIc,HALIMAYTEKINERGÜLd
aUNIVERSITYOFKOCAELI
bUNIVERSITYOFKOCAELI
cUNIVERSITYOFKOCAELIdUNIVERSITYOFKOCAELI
Abstract:
ThisstudyevaluatesPCDD/Fpollution inthemussel (Mytilusgalloprvincialis) tissuefromIzmitBay
(Turkey).ThebayisknownasoneofthemostpollutedsemienclosedbasinofTurkey.Sampleswere
collectedseasonallyfromthreedifferentstationswhicharerepresentswestern,centralandeastern
basinsofthebay.TheresultsshowedthatconcentrationsoftoxicPCDD/Fcongenersinmusselsoft
tissue varied between 0.87 and 43.47 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet weight. PCDD/F concentrations
significantly increase in winter season, whereas the lowest concentration was determined in
summerseason.Thehighest∑PCDD/Fvalue(i.e.,14.58pgWHO-TEQ/gwetweightinspring,and2.8
pgWHO-TEQ/gwetweightonaverage)wasdeterminedinHerekestationwherelocatedclosestto
heavy industry facilities in the central basin of Izmit Bay. A previous study shows that the most
pollutedsedimentintermsofPCDD/Faccumulationwasreportedfromsamebasinofthebay.These
concentrationsarehigherthanthosereportedfromFranceandSpaincoastsaswellasthehighest
acceptableconcentrationsforTurkishFisheriesRegulations(i.e.,4pgWHO-TEQ/g)inmusseltissue.
On theotherhand the lowest∑PCDD/Fconcentrations (i.e.,0.62pgWHO-TEQ/gwetweight)was
determined in Sekapark station where located in front of former paper mill which is
decommissionedin2005.Theareaisusingforrecreationalactivitiesnowadaysandthestationdoes
notmeetindustrialdischargesanymorewhiledomesticdischargesalreadypresent.
Keywords:Pcdd/Fs,IzmitBay,MytilusGalloprvincialis.
16
PRODUCTIONOFBIO-PELLETSDERIVEDFROMSAWDUSTANDCRUDEGLYCEROL
VELIGOKHANDEMIRa,PASAYAMANb,METEOGUZHANEFEc,HAYRETTINYUKSELd
aBALIKESIRUNIVERSITY
bBALIKESIRUNIVERSITY
cBALIKESIRUNIVERSITYdBALIKESIRUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Biomass has a significant proportion among all of the renewable energy sources. Bio-pellets
produced by pelletization of bulky biomass materials are widely favoured for combustion
applications because of the improvements over biomass (sawdust, agricultural residues etc.)
resultinginenabletoutilizeandstorethebiofuels.Inrecentresearchesitisstatedthatusingcrude
glycerol(by-productofbiodieselproduction)canincreasethecalorificvalueofpelletsandminimize
the disposal problem of crude glycerol in biodiesel industry. In this study, the crude glycerol
producedfromthetransesterificationofsunfloweroilwasblendedindifferentratios(wt%)withthe
sawdustofScotspinewhichiscommonlyusedinEurasianregion.Moreover,maizestarchwasused
toexamineitsadditiveeffectindroptests.Accordingtotheoptimizationstudy,150MPapelletizing
pressure with 7.5% glycerol- 92.5% sawdust ratios gave the optimum results and maize starch
almostdidn'timprovethestrengthofpellets.Itwasmeasuredthat7.5%glycerolpelletshad95.88%
droptestresistance,89.55%volatility,10.06%moisturecontentand0.75%ashcontentwhilepure
sawdust pellet had 95.54% drop test resistance, 89.63% volatility, 10.03% moisture content and
0.43%ashcontent.Also,7.5%glyceroladditiontothesawdustasarawmaterialdidnotaffectthe
net calorific value of the bio-pellets (≈0.97%). As a result, it is expected that using crude glycerol
directlyinbio-pelletproductioncontributessolvingthedisposalproblemofbiodieselby-productand
decreasesthecostofbiodieselproduction.
Keywords:Biodiesel,Biomass,Bio-Pellet,CrudeGlycerol,Sawdust.
17
INVESTIGATIONOFDEGREDABILITYOFIBUPROFENFROMWASTEWATERBYUSINGADVANCEDOXIDATIONPROCESS
SEVDEÜSTÜNODABAŞIa,HANİFEBÜYÜKGÜNGÖRb
aONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
bONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Abstract:
Pharmaceuticals in natural waters could be an environmental problem because of their potential
toxicologicalriskonlivingorganisims.Conventionalwastewatertreatmentplansarenotenoughto
removepharmaceuticalsthereforeadvancedoxidationprocesshavebecomeanemergingsolution.
Ibuprofen(IBF),anon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug(NSAID), isamostwidelyusedmedicine in
almosteverypartofworld. Inpresentstudy,under laboratoryconditions,coagulationfollowedby
advanceoxidation,usingH2O2andFeSO4(fentonprocess)isusedtodegradetheconcentrationsof
ibuprofenfromwaterwereconducted.Fentonprocessisknowntobemosteffectiveandcommon
methodsforthetreatmentofsuchwastewaters.InthepresentstudyH2O2wasusedwithFeSO4for
the treatment ıbuprofen and effects of H2O2, FeSO4 concentrations COD and TOC removals.
Experiments with optimal concentrations of H2O2 and FeSO4 were carried out by chancing pH,
temperature, stirring and residence timeof solution (2-6), room temperature, (10,20,30min) and
(30,60,90min) respectively.ConcentrationofFeSO4andH2O2wereselectedas (30,75,150mg/L).
Afterprocessing,150mlofsamplestakenoutfromtheupperlayersofsampleCODandTOCtests
wereconducted.
Keywords:Ibuprofen,Pharmaceuticals,FentonProcess,Water,Wastewater
18
ENDEMICTAXAOFTHEGENUSMUSCARIMILL.INTURKEY,THREATENEDCATEGORIESANDCONSERVATIONSTATUS
ASSESSMENTS
HÜSEYINEROĞLUa,SÜLEYMANMESUTPINARb
aYUZUNCUYILUNIVERSITY,SCIENCEFACULTY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY
bYUZUNCUYILUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFHEALTHY
Abstract:
GenusMuscariMill.(Asparagaceae)isrepresentedbyabout50taxafromallovertheWorld.These
taxa aredistributed in Europe, Caucasus,Africa, andNorth-Western and South-WesternAsia, The
genuscomprises35speciesinTurkey.Amongthem25speciesareendemictoTurkey.Someofthese
endemicsarewidespread,while remainingsare restricted in to small areas.According toTheRed
DataBookofTurkishPlants the threatenedcategoriesof these14 taxaareMuscariadilii (CR),M.
anatolicum (LC),M. aucheri (LC),M.azureum (LC),M.bourgaei (LC),M. coeleste (LC),M.discolor
(LC),M. latifolium (LC),M.massayanum(NT),M.macbeathianum(EN),M.microstomum(VU),M.
mirum(EN),M.racemosum(VU),M.sandrasicum(EN).
All species were collected between 2014-2016. Population statues and distribution areas were
observedduring the field studies. Threat categoriesof25endemicplant taxabelonging togenus
Muscariwere rearranged according to IUCN criteria. Their distributionmapswere given and also
photosofthemwerepresented.
Atandofthestudynewlyrepresentedspeciestoscientificworldandtheirthreatenedcategoriesare
M. erdalii (VU), M. babachii (CR), M. sivrihisardaghlarensis (VU), M. serpentinicum (VU), M.
tuzgoluensis(CR),M.turcicum(EN),M.vuralii (CR),M.atillae(VU),M.elmasii (VU),M.ufukii (LC),
M.artvinense(VU)
Keywords:Endemic,IucnCategories,Muscari,Turkey.
19
RELATIONSHIPSBETWEENNANOPARTICLETIO2ANDDAPHNIAMAGNAPOPULATIONDYNAMICS
DIDEMGÖKÇEa
aLIMNOLOGYRESEARCHLABORATORY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,INONUUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Engineerednanoparticlesareusedwidelyinmanycommerciallyavailableproductsandtheiruseis
increasingrapidlyintheworld.Exposureoftheorganismsandtheenvironmenttothesematerialsis
thereforeincreasing,yettheenvironmentalimpactsofsuchexposurearenotclear.Therehavenot
beensufficientstudiesonbehaviourandtoxicityofnanoparticlesthroughafoodchain.Nanoparticle
titanium dioxide (npTiO2) is widely used in water treatments, yet their influences on other
contaminantsinthewaterarenotwellstudied.
Therewerea lotof toxicological testonD.magnaon literatures.Ontheotherhandafewstudies
haverelationshipbetweennanoparticlesaccumulationwithinD.magnaanditspopulationstructure
dueto lifetableparameters. It isanimportant indicatorthat itstoleranceleveltonanoparticleson
laboratoryconditionisreflecteditsreplaceandbehaviourintheecosystem.Furthermoredaphnids
are largely disturbed in freshwater ecosystem and present through a wide range of habitats in
Turkey.
D. magna, experiments were initiated with neonates obtained from the same bulk culture
(laboratory condition is 24 ± 1 °C; 16: 8 h photoperiod). Experiments were carried out in glass
beakers (fivegroupsper treatment)containing50mLof test solutions.D.magna individualswere
exposedtodifferentnpTiO2concentrationsfor21days;30animals(randomlydividedsixanimals)
wereusedpercontrolandpernpTiO2concentration(0.5,1.0,1.5,and2.0mgL-1).
The differences between nanoparticles concentration and population life table parameters
(survivorship rate, growth rate, net reproductive rate, and total progeny of each npTiO2
concentration)wereevaluatingusingTukey’stestfollowedbyPosHoccomparison.
Consequently, as npTiO2 concentration increased, mortality rate and development period were
increased;totalprogenyandnetreproductiverateweredecreased.Theseeffectson itsownwere
producedareductioninpopulationgrowthrateduring21days.
Keywords:DaphniaMagna,Tolerance,Survive,LifeTable,Nanoparticle,Population,Titanium
Dioxide
20
DEEPSEAOUTFALLOFNATURALGASFIREDCOMBINEDCYCLEPOWERPLANTCOOLINGWATERAPPLICATIONANDMODELING
TOLGAAYERİa,YUKSELARDALIb
aONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY
bONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Combined Cycle Power Plants are in wide demand throughout the world, because they are
characterizedbyshortconstructiontimes,lowinvestmentcosts,highoperatingefficienciesandlow
exhaustemissions.Thistypeofpowerplantscanreachfueltoelectricityconversionefficienciesof
60%,at thesametimehaveminimalenvironmental impacts.Themost important reason for this is
theuseofnaturalgas,whichisaverycleanfuelcontaininglittleornosulfur,particulatematterand
otherunwantedingredients.
This studywas investigated theeffectofcoolingwater fromnaturalgascombinedpowerplant to
Black Sea regionof Turkey.Theparameters,which affect themarineecosystem,weredetermined
and in addition temperature,suspended solid, COD values were measured.Modelling of these
measuredvalueswasperformedthroughoutdischargelinewiththeCORMIX-2softwaredeveloped
byEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)asenvironmentallypurpose.
Keywords:NaturalGas,PowerPlant,DeepSeaOutfall,Model
21
INVESTIGATIONOFDOMESTICWASTEWATERDISCHARGEPERFORMANCEOFSUBMARINEOUTFALLSINRIZEPROVINCEAND
ALTERNATIVEPROPOSALS
OZGEKOKSALa,TOLGAAYERİb,YUKSELARDALIc
aONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY
bONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY
cONDOKUZMAYISUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Domesticwastewaterdischargestomarineenvironmentbysubmarineoutfallsystemsarethemost
commonly used method of wastewater disposal in coastal regions. The aim of this study is to
investigatethesubmarineoutfallsinRize,Turkey.Inordertoanalyzethenegativeeffectsofmarine
ecosystems, the submarine outfalls performance should be given to monitoring of all them. We
investigated the dilution of domesticwastewater around Rize andmeasured seawater forwater
quality conditions (pH, conductivity, oil-grease, BOI5 , AKM, KOI, Kjieldahl Nitrogen (TKN), total
nitrogen, totalphosphorus, total coliform, fecal coliform).Theeffectsofpre-treatment todilution
wereinvestigatedbyanalyzingoftheinputsewaragewastewater.Wehaveidentifiedthedifferent
treatment scenarios it is important to evaluate the results of the study with discharge system.
Design should not be overlooked in the sea outfall of the special features of the Black Sea have
emergedrequirements.
Keywords:SubmarineOutfall,DomesticWastewaterDischarge,MarinePollution
22
BENCHMARKINGEFFECTSOFORGANICANDCONVENTIONALFARMINGAPPLICATIONSATHAZELNUTORCHARDSINDRYLAND
SELCUKOZMENa
aDUZCEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Inthisstudy, itwasproposedtoinvestigatehowhazelnuttrees(CorylusavellanaL.)wereaffected
byorganicandconventionalfarmingapplicationunderdrylandconditions.Therefore,itwasstudied
tomeasureof leafwaterpotential (LWP),stomatalconductance(gs)andphotosyntheticallyactive
radiation (PAR) on hazelnut trees under organic and conventional managements in dryland
conditions.Tomeasureeffectsoforganicandconventionalfarmingapplications,soilwatercontent
(SWC)andatmosphericstress(i.e.airvapordeficit–VPD)wereanalyzedagainstthoseparameters.
Evapotranspiration (ET) and yield were slightly higher in organic application than conventional
applicationbut lowerSWC.Moreover, conventionalhazelnut treeshadslightlyhigher LWPandgs
values but lower VPD values than organic application. Organic hazelnut trees were generally
unnoticeablehigherLWP,PAR,andgsresponsestoSWCandVPDthanconventionalhazelnuttrees.
ET, yield, SWC, and VPD values were mostly parallel with the results obtained plant canopy
measurements.Bothhazelnutorchardswereinfluencedbyprecipitationduringtheyear.Howeverit
couldbestatedthathazelnuttressneededtobeirrigatedduringdrydaystohavehigheryieldsand
to avoid summerwater stress. In conclusion, it can be concluded that organic farming seemed a
goodalternativeforhazelnutorchardsindryland.
Keywords:WaterConsumption,Physiology,VaporPressure,Hazelnut,Düzce
23
POTENTIALECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENTOFHEAVYMETALATSEDIMENT
ARIFEŞIMŞEKa,GÜLFEMBAKANb
aDEPARTMENTOFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,19MAYISUNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENTOFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,19MAYISUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Sedimentshaveanimportantroleasahabitatforaquaticorganismstogrow,evolveandestablishin
theecological system. Sediment contamination is oneof indicators for thepredictionof potential
ecologicalrisksinaquaticsystems.Heavymetalsareamongthemostpersistentofpollutantsinthe
ecosystem such as water, sediments and biota because of their resistance to decomposition in
natural condition. Toxicity appears after exceeding level of indispensability.Heavymetals become
toxicwhen theyarenotmetabolizedby thebodyandaccumulate in thesoft tissues.Metalshave
lowsolubilityinwater,getadsorbedandaccumulatedonbottomsediments.Spreadingheavymetals
inthewatercolumnmaysubsequentlybeaccumulated insedimentbecauseof lowsolubilitythen
become sensitivity indicator for aquatic organism. Ecological risk is assessed through the heavy
metals concentration in the sediment. This research was undertaken in order to determine and
analyze various heavy metals present in sediments taken from mid-Black Sea coast. Five heavy
metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined by
PerkinElmerOptima4300DVInductivelyCoupledPlasmaOpticalEmissionSpectrometer(ICP-OES).
Potential ecological risk indexes(Er) were used to study the pollution status of heavy metals in
sediments andassess their potential ecological risk to theenvironment.Considering thepotential
ecologicalriskcoefficient(Er)resultscalculatedinaccordancewiththehighestresultmetalsCr0.068
,Cu0,122,Zn0,0146,Cd132,Pb0.037.Accordingtothisfourheavymetals(Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb)under
investigation in sediments reflected a low ecological risk to mid-Black Sea coast, but for Cd
considerable ecological risk for thewater body. The cause of pollution inmid-Black Sea could be
associatedwith industrial andhumanactivities. Strategieswillbeproposed that canbeapplied in
ordertopreventaccumulationofheavymetals.
Keywords:EcologicalRiskAssessment,HeavyMetals,Sediment.
24
ENERGYLITERACYINSOUTHEASTEUROPE
JOSIPNAGLICa,ANASTAJMINGERb
aNATURALSCIENCEANDGRAPHICSSCHOOLRIJEKA
bNTNUGJØVIK
Abstract:
Standarddefinitionsofliteracyhavebecomeobsoletenotjustwiththeadvancesoftechnologybut
alsowiththeriseofsustainableawareness.WhileUSandCanadaare increasinglyadvocatingsuch
educational standard in the long-term energy policy, Southeast Europe is still bound by the EU's
funding normative, i.e. the national energy strategy (such as TheGreen Paper for Croatia) or, for
countriesnotinEU,thelevelof'harmonization.'Sucheducationalstandardshouldbeimplemented
becauseitnotonlyfostersbetterunderstandingofenergyprocessandenergy informeddecisions,
butalso the trustofpublicopinion innational strategicchoices;at thesametime it improves the
industry's competitiveness and innovation. The last section is devoted to the link between such
strategyandthedecreaseofthe'braindrain.'
Keywords:Energy,Literacy,Sustainable,Eu,Industry
25
INVESTIGATIONOFOPTIMUMTREATABILITYOFPAPERINDUSTRYWASTEWATERWITHINNOVATIVEAPPLICATIONBYUSINGFENTON
ANDPHOTO-FENTONENHANCEDULTRAFILTRATION
ESRACANDOGANa,ALIOGUZHANNARCIa,BERNAKIRILMERTb,ODULKILICOGLUa,UMURALKANAKBACAKa,COSKUNAYDINERc,
aKOCAELIUNIVERSITYbSAKARYAUNIVERSITY
cGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In the present study, an integrated process with Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation and
ultrafiltrationmembranewasemployedintreatmentofrealpaperindustrywastewater.Fentonand
photo-Fenton processes were not only significantly improved the effluent quality, but also
remarkableenhancedmembraneefficiencyinthereactor.
The aim of this work is to determine the optimum operating conditions of innovational
AOP/sumberged UF hybrid system and the removal efficiency of organic substances with the
considerationofitspermeateflux.
Individualandoverallperformancesofthecoupledprocesseswereexperimentallyexaminedusing
Taguchi’s L32 orthogonal array for papermill wastewater having characteristics of pH: 6.8, COD:
1520mg/L, TOC: 520mg/L, Ei: 1995mS/cm, TDS: 1006mg/L, SO42¯: 483mg/L and Cl¯: 86 mg/L
characteristic. The influences of process variables comprising type (UVC-254 and UVA-365) and
intensity(10-40W)ofUVlightinphoto-Fenton/UFprocessinadditiontoprocesstime(15-60min),
temperature(25-40ºC),pH(3-6),H2O2/TOC(6-30g/g),H2O2/Fe+2(3-15g/g),airflowrate(1-4L/min),
waterwithdrawalrate(55-100rpm),membranetype(UP005,UP020,UH050,UV150)inFenton/UF
processontheperformancesweredeterminedusingresponsesurfacemethodology.
Paperwastewatersoptimumstandardsinthehybridsystemwereupgradedto64%TOCand74.9%
CODwithin56minutesbyorganicexpenseperformanceswiththeFentonprocess,66.5%TOCand
76.1%CODwithin42minutesbyphoto-Fentonprocess (UVA-365)and70.7%TOCand81.1%COD
within44minutesbyphoto-Fenton(UVC-254).
Inconclusion,thisstudyprovedthatwithoutproducinganymembraneconcentrate,thedeveloped
process can be successfully used as innovative technology for zero/near-zero discharge of paper
industry wastewater with low chemical consumptions whereby more water recovery from its
effluentbysubsequentmembranecouldbeprovidedalongwithconcentrateminimization.
Keywords:Paperindustrywastewater,AOP/UFhybridprocess,Fentonenhancedultrafiltration,Photo-Fentonenhancedultrafiltration
26
ANEWSTUDYPROMISINGPETREMOVAL:MICROBIALMONOMERDEGRADATION
CANERVURALa,TUĞBATOPBAŞb,CANSUDOĞANc,GÜVENÖZDEMIRd
aDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,EGEUNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,EGEUNIVERSITY
cDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,EGEUNIVERSITYdDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,EGEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Today,manyindustrialproductsusedindailylifeareproducedfromPETplastics.Largepercentage
ofPETproductsisusedinfoodconsumptionareathatdirectlyand/orindirectlycontactwithfoods
and beverages. Besides advantages of using these plastics, there are many disadvantages for
environmentandhumanhealth.Somestudieshaverevealedthatmonomersofplasticsmaybetoxic
andresponsiblefordisruptionofendocrinesysteminhuman.Withwidelyusing,itisclearlyknown
that PET plastics have no self-degradation in nature andmany times required to be removed. In
order to overcome these negative effects, biological workers could be the best option for PET
removalfromtheenvironmentalsystems.
Methods. Degradative microorganisms were isolated from PAH and TPA acclimated sludge and
crude oil samples from petrochemical industry piled wastes. Degradation cases and selection of
microorganismwere carried out in 50ml Bushnell Haas Yeastmediumwith target PETmonomer
(Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET)) as 10 and 20mg/L at 30C°, 200 rpm in rotary shaker.
Degradation was observed with HPLC. Mobile phase was as 70% - 30% (plus 0.1% Formic acid)
Acetonitrile-dH2O. Standard curve was constituted and degradation activities were observed.
SelectionandpurificationofmicroorganismsandtheirGramreactions,catalase,oxidase,protease
andlipaseactivitytestswerecarriedout.
Results.HPLCdatawereindicatedthedegradationofBHETfortheCT-3with10mg/L,CT-3with20
mg/L,CT-210mg/LandCT-220mg/Lwere14,17,17and21days,respectively.Allisolateswererod
shaped and gave the various characteristics on Gram reactions, catalase, oxidase, protease and
lipaseactivitytests.
Conclusion.Inthisstudy,wedeclarenewperspectivetosuccessfullyeliminatemainPETmonomer
via newly isolated microorganisms in minimum 14 days. These results could pave the way to
differentstudiesinsamearea.
Keywords:Pet,Bhet,Biodegradation
27
BIOHYDROGENPRODUCTIONFROMMOLASSES:EFFECTOFPHOTOOXIDATIONTOMOLASSES
NEVIMGENÇa,İSMAILÖZBAYb,ELIFDURNAc
aKOCAELIUNIVERSTY
bKOCAELIUNIVERSTY
cKOCAELIUNIVERSTY
Abstract:
Hydrogen can be produced through fermenting sugars in a mixed microbial population under
anaerobic conditions. In this study, sucrose and the carbohydrate-richmolasseswere selected as
sugars. Kinetics of hydrogen production from sucrose, untreated and treated molasses in batch
cultureswas investigated, and themodifiedGompertzmodelwas used to describe the hydrogen
producingprocess.Themaximumrateofhydrogenproduction(Rmax,mlH2/min)valueswere13,55
,3,68and3,23forsucrose,untreatedandtreatedmolasses.Pre-treatmentstepofphotooxidation
notaffectedRmax,howeverlagtimedecreasesfrom282to213min.Also,thehydrogencontentin
thegasincreasesfrom3,5%to4,5%.Results indicatedthateffectofpretreatmentonbiohydrogen
productionwasinsignificant.
Keywords:DarkFermentation,GompertzEquation,HydrogenProduction,Molasses,Photooxidation
28
EFFECTSOFUSINGECO-FRIENDLYLUBRICANTSINPUMPBEARINGSINSTEADOFTRADITIONALLUBRICANTS
FATIHDÖKMEa,MUZAFFERTURANb
aŞIŞECAMCHEMICALSGROUPSODASANAYIA.Ş.
bŞIŞECAMCHEMICALSGROUPSODASANAYIA.Ş.
Abstract:
Greenproduction,greenmaintanenceismustforsustainablefuture.Pumpingsystemsaccountfor
nearly 20% of the world’s electrical energy, therefore pumps are one of the most important
equipmentforindustry,agricultureandmunicipality.Everyoperatingequipmentshaveenvironment
pollutionpotentialduringoperationandmaintanence.Inpumpingsystems,lubricantshavesoiland
waterpollutionpotential bypossible leakages.Thereforeusingeco-friendly lubricants inpumping
systemscouldbeagoodpreventionforsustainablefuture.
Pumps need lubrication for bearing as any rotating equipment, and they have an oil sump for
lubrication filling. Usually mineral or synthetic oil are used for bearing lubrication. In case of oil
leakage in sealing system of pump; soil orwater could contaminedwith oil. In last decades eco-
friendly lubricants have enlarged usage are because of their excellent lubricity, biodegradability,
good viscosity−temperature characteristics, and low evaporation loss. This study focused on the
effectsofusingeco-friendlylubricantsinsteadofmineraloilinpumpingsystembearings.Mineraloil,
canola and cotton seed oil was experimented and bearing damage and failure analysis was
compared for each lubricants. This study aims to reduce the contamination of water and soil by
pumplubricationsystemleakages.
Keywords:Pump,Lubricant,Eco-Friendly,Bearing
29
CARBONNANOTUBEBLENDEDMIXEDMATRIXMEMBRANESFORDESALINATION
EVRIMÇELIKa,OZGURCAKMAKCIb,ILKAYISGUDER,EMRAHO.TATLIc,NEVZATO.YIGIT,MEHMETKITISd
aDEPT.OFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,SÜLEYMANDEMIRELUNIVERSITY,TURKEY
bDEPT.OFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,MUŞALPARSLANUNIVERSITY,TURKEY
cDEPT.OFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,SÜLEYMANDEMIRELUNIVERSITY,TURKEYdDEPT.OFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,SÜLEYMANDEMIRELUNIVERSITY,TURKEY
Abstract:
Pressure driven and concentration driven membrane operations are quite similar because both
operations are based on a difference in concentration or activity of the permeating component
across the membrane. Chemical activity of the feed is increased by pressure in pressure driven
membraneoperations.Inconcentrationdrivenmembraneoperations,chemicalactivityofthefeed
remains the same, but permeate chemical activity is reduced. Themost important concentration
drivenmembraneoperationsaredialysis,hemodialysis,pervaporation,andliquidmembranes.
Inthisstudy,carbonnanotube(CNT)reinforcedpolysulfonemembraneswere initiallypreparedby
thephaseinversionmethod.Then,thepolyamideactivelayerofthemixedmatrixmembraneswas
prepared using interfacial polymerization method. Several analytical methods were used to
characterizethemembranesincludingFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),watercontact
angle, porosity, andmechanical strength tests. In addition, the desalination performances of the
membranesweredeterminedbyforwardosmosistests.
FTIRresultsrevealedthattheCNTsweresuccessfullydopedinthestructureofthemembranes.CNT
addition to the polysulfone membranes increased the hydrophilicity and permeate fluxes, but
reducedthemembraneporosity.WhileCNTdopedmixedmatrixmembranesexhibitedsimilarwater
fluxcomparedtopuremembranes(noCNTaddition),theyprovidedhighersaltremovals.
Acknowledgement: This research was supported by a grant (111R012) from the Scientific and
TechnologicalResearchCouncilofTurkey(TÜBİTAK).
Keywords:CarbonNanotube,Desalination,MixedMatrixMembranes
30
BIODEGRADATIONOFPTAWASTEWATERBYTWO-STAGEANAEROBICREACTORSYSTEMS
TAYYIBEALPAYa,BURCINKARABEYa,NURIAZBARb,GUVENOZDEMIRa
aEGEUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,35100,BORNOVA,
IZMIR,TURKEY
bEGEUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFENGINEERING,DEPARTMENTOFBIOENGINEERING,35100,
BORNOVA,IZMIR,TURKEY
Abstract:
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater contains terephthalate (TA) as the main component
whichisoneofthetop50chemicalsproducedworldwide.Duringitsproduction,additionallytoTA,
some aromatic pollutants (p-toluic acid, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde and benzoic acid) containing
wastewaterisgeneratedwitharatioof3-10m3wastewaterpertonofPTAmanufactured.PTAisan
important rawmaterialwidelyused inpetrochemical industry tomakedifferentproducts suchas
terephthalatebottles,polyestertextilefiber,polyesterfilms,pesticides,etc.
Inthisstudy,twostageupflowanaerobicsludgebioreactor(UASB)wasdevelopedtotreat
purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater. Sequentially connected two different UASB reactors
wereusedtoenhancethebiodegredationofmajorPTAwastewaterpollutants.Performanceofthe
ractorandmicrobialcommunityprofileswerestudiedduring225daysatmesophilicconditions.For
microbial community analysis,molecularmethods (Denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis and
Quantitative PCR )were used.General bacteria, Archea and methanogenic group spesific primer
andprobesets (Methanobacteriales,MethanomicrobialesandMethanosarcinales) wereused.For
DGGE analysis, GC-clamps were added to the 5'-ends of forward primers. Q-PCR analysis were
appliedwithTaqManprobesystems.
TheanaerobicprocessachievedatotalCODremovalof80%. Benzoicacidwascompletely
degradedinthefirststagereactor,whereasterephthalateandp-toluicaciddegredationratioswere
90%and47%inthesecondstage,respectiveley.Methanecontentsofthesecondstagereactorwas
determined as 74% by GC analysis. Microbial community analysis (Real-time PCR and DGGE)
indicated that the members of Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales and β-Proteobacteria
seemedtobemostabundancegroupsbutalsoMethanomicrobialesmemberswerepresent.
This is the first study of two-stage UASB systems applied to the PTA wastewater. This
sequentialanaerobicbioprocessconfigurationisproventobebetterthanitsaerobiccounterpartin
termsofbetterdegradationefficiencyandmethaneproductionpotential.
We acknowledge TUBİTAK (Project no. 113Y002), EBILTEM (Project no. 2014-BİL-007) and Ege
UniversityScientificResearchProject(2013FEN08)fortheirsupports.
Keywords:Pta,Biodegredation,UASB,DGGE,Quantitative-PCR
31
INTEGRATIONOFPHOTOCATALYTICANDMEMBRANEDISTILLATIONHYBRIDPROCESSESFORTEXTILEWASTEWATERTREATMENT
NADIRDIZGEa,H.CENGIZYATMAZb,MERVESEZENKURTc
aMERSINUNIVERSITY
bGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In this study, thedegradationof textile industrywastewaterwas investigated forusing innovative
integratedprocessofphotocatalyticandmembranedistillationprocesses.Photocatalyticoxidation
wasconductedwithsemiconductorZnOcatalysts(1g/L)underUVAirradiation.Forthenextstage,
hybrid design ofmembrane distillation and photocatalytic processeswas performed sequentially.
Initiallythephotocatalyticprocesswasconductedforthreehoursatinitialvaluesof140mg/LCOD
and1g/LZnOcatalystloadingunderUVAirradiationandthentreatedsolutionwasrunthroughthe
distillationmoduleat35oCtemperatureand665mL/minflowrates.PVDF0.22µmmembranewas
used in themodule. The result showed that decolorization of textilewastewaterwas carried out
successfullyatintegratedsystem.
Keywords:PhotocatalyticMembraneDistilation,TextileWastewaterTreatment,ZnoCatalyst,Pvdf
Membrane
32
BIODEGRADATIONOFTEREPHTHALICACIDBYSOMEMICROORGANISMSISOLATEDFROMACTIVATEDSLUDGE
DIDEMEROĞLUab,BURÇINKARABEYa,CANERVURALa,GÜVENÖZDEMIRa
aEGEUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,DEPT.OFBIOLOGY,BASICANDINDUSTRIAL
MICROBIOLOGYSECTION,BORNOVA,İZMIR,TURKEY
bEGEUNIVERSITYAPPLICATIONANDRESEARCHCENTERFORTESTINGANDANALYSIS,İZMIR,
TURKEY
Abstract:
Terephthalicacid(TA)whichisasignificantsourceofpollutionisindustrialchemical.Itsproduction
tonsofwastewater,biodegradationofterephthalicacidbymicroorganismswereresearchedinthis
studied. Itcarriedoutthe isolation, identificationanddeterminationofbiodegradationefficiencies
ofthemicroorganismsthathaveabilitiestodegradeterephthalicacidfromthesamplestakenfrom
thewastewatertreatmentunitofpetrochemicalwastewaterplant.
ThebacteriawereisolatedbyinoculatingwastewaterthatcontainstheautoclavedBushnell–Hass
Brothsupplementedwithsinglehydrocarboncompoundassolecarbonsource(100mg/LTA).The
flaskwas kept on rotary shaker at 150 rpm. At every seven day, 2,5ml of enriched effluentwas
transferredin50mlfresheffluentsample,containing100mg/LTAasadditionalcarbonsource.Such
four transfers were carried out. Thus, bacterial population was acclimated and adapted to sole
hydrocarbon. During every inoculation, 1 ml aged inoculum was inoculated to Plate Count Agar
(PCA) with pouring plate method to be able to see the colonial variations. After 3 inoculations,
mainly4bacteriawhichareabletoutilizeselectedTFAasasolecarbonsourcewere isolated.For
the identificationof isolatedbacterial cultures, genomicDNAwasextractedandDNA regions that
encodethe16SrRNAfragments.
The biodegradation efficiencies of the isolates which has identified as Arthrobacter nicotinae,
Chrysobacterium sp. Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida were determinated by HPLC
analysis. Itwas showed that thedegradation ratiosof terephthalic acidis;%100.Degradation that
was finished in 3 days if the initial terephthalic acid concentration was 100mg/L. Specially,
PseudomonasputidawasdegradationofTAin8hours.
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the research project SANTEZ-00639 STZ 2010-2 of Republic of Turkey,
MinistryofScience,IndustryofTechnology
Keywords:TerephthalicAcid,Biodegradation,Hplc,Microorganism
33
DETERMINATIONOFAPPROPRIATETECHNOLOGYFORREUSEOFPAPERINDUSTRYWASTEWATER
ESRACANDOĞANa,ALIOĞUZHANNARCIa,H.CENGIZYATMAZb,ELİFDURNAa,MİNESELİN
AKNARa,SEVGİTOPÇUb,TUĞBANURYILMAZb,COŞKUNAYDINERb
aKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
bGEBZETECHNİCALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In industries which has intensive water consumption, as well as use of water, treatment of the
consistingwastewaterisalsoanimportantproblem.Inthisstudy,Itaimedtodeterminethemost
appropriate hybrid treatment technology for the reuseof paperwastewater. In Step 1,Advanced
Oxidation (AOP)/Ultrafiltration (UF)processhasbeenappliedandUF filtratewaterobtained from
step 1 was performed with differentmembrane filtration processes in step 2. Paper wastewater
obtained from primary settling out, has been treated with applying Fenton process with UF
membraneandtothisUFeffluent,Nanofiltration(NFtight),ReverseOsmosis(RO),NF loose+RO,
RO+MembraneDistillation(MD)andMDprocesseshasbeenappliedseparately. If thisprocess is
consideredinthetotalprocessefficiencythroughtheremovaloforganicmatterandwaterflux,the
highest removal efficiencies is provided by AOP/UF→RO/MD and AOP/UF→MD processes. In
AOP/UF→RO/MD process, RO and MD process was operated 80% and 50% concentrate ratio
respectively.MDeffluenttotalorganiccarbon(TOC),chemicaloxygendemand(COD),totaldissolved
solid (TDS) removal efficiency andwater flux valuewas found95.72%, 96.43%, 98.92%and17.77
L/m2h respectively. AOP/UF→MD process TOC, COD and TDS removal efficiency and water flux
value of 50% concentrate rate; 96,22%, 95,14%, 98,68%, and 20.83 L/m2hwhile at concentrating
rateof80%;94,52%,93,55%,98,17%and17.31L/m2hwasfoundrespectively.Accordingtoorganic
materialefficiencyitwasseenthemostefficientprocessAOP/UF→RO/MD,althoughwitharealistic
approach to water reuseing, when compared water flux values AOP/UF→MD process has been
identifiedasthemostapplicableprocesswith22,85mg/LTOCand75,36mg/LCODvalues.
Keywords:AdvancedOxidation,MembraneFiltration,PaperWastewater,WaterReuse
34
CATALYTICGASIFICATIONOFGALACTURONICACIDASAMODELCOMPOUNDFORHEMICELLULOSES
DILEKSELVIGÖKKAYAa,PROF.DR.MEHMETSAĞLAMb,PROF.DR.MITHATYÜKSELc,PROF.DR.LEVENTBALLICEd
aEGEUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,DEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,
35100,IZMIR/TURKEY
bEGEUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,DEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,
35100,IZMIR/TURKEY
cEGEUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,DEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,
35100,IZMIR/TURKEYdEGEUNIVERSITY,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,DEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,
35100,IZMIR/TURKEY
Abstract:
Production of Hydrogen and Methane which are used as clean energy sources by hydrothermal
gasification from the lignocellulosic biomasses is a novel and developing technology. Biomass is
mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives and the compositions vary
depending on the source of the biomass. Hemicellulose is chained and amorphous biopolymer
composedoftheprimarymonomerconstituents,hexoses(glucose,galactose,mannose,glucuronic
acid and galacturonic acid), pentoses (xylose, arabinose). Cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and
extractive substances show different attitudes in hydrothermal gasification. For this reason,
significantvarietiesareobservedinthegasificationyieldsandproductdistributions.Fromthispoint,
inthisstudygalacturonicacidasmodelcompoundsforthehemicellulosewasstudied.Thecatalyst
decompositionofgalacturonicacidwasexaminedinsupercriticalwaterfortemperaturefrom300to
600°C.Experimentswereperformed in theabsenceandpresenceofmetal impregnatedactivated
carbons(Ni/AC)and(Ru/AC)withareactiontimeof1h.Theyieldsofgas,liquid,andsolidproducts
were identified with the analyses using gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), totalorganic carbonanalyzer (TOC), and solid samplemodule (SSM).The
effectofthereactiontemperature,andcatalystwereinvestigatedtoreachthemaximumyieldsof
H2andCH4.ThehighestH2yieldandthehighestCH4yieldwereobtainedatthehighestreaction
temperaturebyusingRu/ACandNi/AC,respectively.
Keywords:Biomass,GalacturonicAcid,SupercriticalWater,Gasification,Hydrogen
35
PYROLYSISOFIMPREGNATEDDECORPAPERS
GÜLŞENYAMANa,HALILSINOPLUGILb
aBALIKESIRUNIVERSITY
bBALIKESIRUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
This study aims evaluationof pyrolysis of the impregnatedpapers (decorative papers), containing
urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin. Since casting away the
impregnatedpaperwastescausepollution,andre-useofthemcanleadtoqualityissues,pyrolysisis
takenasanalternativetoutilizethesewastes.Withinthescopeofthisstudy,energypotentialsof
the pyrolytic oil is determined. The productivity feasibility of pyrolysis processes with various
thermal treatments and reaction conditions is carriedout in a locally designedandproduced test
reactorsystem.Calorificvalueofthepyrolysisoilisanalysed.It’sdeterminedthattemperatureand
inert gas flow rate effects product (Char –Oil –Gas ) percentages an calorific values. The results
showedthatpyrolysisoilpercentageandthecalorificvalue increaseswith the temperatureunder
theconditionstested.Thisstudymaybedescribedasaprestudyofoverallanalysisofimpregnated
paperpyrolysisandtheexistingresultsareencouragingforfurtherexperiments.
Keywords:Pyrolysis,ImpregnatedDecorPaper,Urea-MelamineFormaldehyde,
36
ELECTROOXIDATIONOFPRETREATEDTRANSPORTCONTAINERWASHINGWASTEWATER
SERDARKARAa,TULINYILMAZNAYIRb,ABDURRAHMANAKYOLc,CEVATYAMANd
aGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Electrooxidation process was studied on pretreated transport container washing wastewater by
electrooxidation. The wastewater used in this study has been collected from a recycling plant in
Kocaeli, Turkey. Transport container washing wastewaters are generated by washing them after
they’reusedtotransportchemicalfluids.
Inpreviousstudy,wastewaterhadbeentreatedbyelectrocoagulationandsolublechemicaloxygen
demand(sCOD)wasremovedwith82%efficiencyasaresult2256±2%mg/L.Inthisstudy,itisaimed
toincreasethesCODremovalefficiencybyelectrooxidation.Theprocesswascarriedoutbyusinga
borondopeddiamond(BDD)anodeandtwoironcathodes.Theelectrooxidationexperimentswere
studied for pH between 3 and 7, current density between 250-500 A/m2 and operation time
between 60-300 min. to find the optimum operation conditions. The optimum electrooxidation
conditions were found as pH 3, 250 A/m2 current density and 60 minutes. The maximum sCOD
removalefficiencywasachieved84%atoptimumconditionswithEC+EOprocesses.Color removal
efficiencywasdetectedat threewavelength:436nm,525nmand620nmas95%,95%and98%
respectively. Itwas found thatduring theelectrooxidationprocess the removalefficiencyof sCOD
wasincreasingwiththeincreasingofprocesstimewhilethecolorremovalefficiencywasdecreasing
due to the formation of different kinds of compounds. The energy consumption of the
electrooxidationprocess for treatment of the pretreated transport containerwashingwastewater
wascalculatedas37,07kWh/kgCODremoved.
Keywords:Electrocoagulation,Electrooxidation,ContainerWashingWastewater,Bdd
37
ISOTHERMANDKINETICMODELLINGOFAZODYESADSORPTION
ONURISIKa,IBRAHIMDEMIRb,AHMETYUCEERc,OZERCINARd
aISTANBULTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bISTANBULTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cCUKUROVAUNIVERSITYdYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Textileanddye industries’wastewatersareoneof themajorproblem in thewaterpollution.This
wastewater causes serious environmental pollution, because of non-biodegradable and toxic dye
molecules.Azodyesarewidelyusedinthetextileindustry.Intheanaerobicconditionazodyestuff
decomposetotoxicbyproducts.Theaimofthisworkistounderstandtheadsorptionmechanismsof
various azo dyestuff adsorbed by domestic wastewater treatment plant inactivated sludge. To
determinetheadsorptionmechanisms,various isothermsandkineticswereusedandconstantsof
eachisothermsandkineticswerecalculatedforeachdyestuff.Inthisstudy,ReactiveBlack5(RB5),
ReactiveBlue21(RB21),AcidBrown283(AB283)andBasicViolete3(BV3)azodyestuffadsorption
datawereused for isothermsandkinetics calculations. The resultsof this study showed that, the
best isothermwhich describe the adsorption process was Freundlich. Freundlich isothermmodel
assumesthatheterogeneoussorptionoccursonadsorbentsurface,statedinotherwordsadsorption
powervariesateverysorptionpoint.Thebestkineticmodelwhichdescribetheadsorptionprocess
waspseudo-second-orderkineticmodel.Thiskineticmodelassumesthatadsorptionratedependent
toadsorbentmaterialquantitiesandcontacttime.
Keywords:AzoDyes,DyestuffAdsorption,EquilibriumIsotherms,KineticModels
38
GLOBALWARMINGANDRELATEDCLIMATECHANGES
ALEGBELEYEFUNKEFOLAKEa
aLEADCITYUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Globalwarmingandrelatedclimatechangesarelikelytosignificantly increasetheweather-related
risks facing human settlements, including floods,water and power supply failures and associated
economiccollapseinto“failedcities”.Actiontohelppoorurbancommunitiesadapttobecomemore
resilienttopossiblechangemustthereforebe initiated,althoughtodateattentionhasfocusedon
mitigation rather than adaptation. This paper considers the physical and financial implications for
urbanareasofthepotentialimpactsofclimatevariabilityandchangeonwaterresources,illustrated
by examples from sub-Saharan Africa,which is likely to be one of themost vulnerable andmost
affected regions.Watermanagement,whichwill beparticularlyaffectedby climate change, could
provide an opportunity to initiate structured adaptation responses. Adaptation costs in the sub-
Saharan urban water sector are estimated at between 10 and 20 per cent of current overseas
developmentassistancetotheregion.Thispapersuggeststhatadditionalfundingshouldbemade
available in termsof the “polluterpays”principle, and shouldbe channelled throughgovernment
budgets rather than ring-fenced climate funds. This would help ensure that “climate proofing” is
mainstreamed and would be in keeping with current trends in overseas development assistance
reflectedinthe2005ParisDeclarationonAidEffectiveness.
Keywords:Adaptation,AidEffectiveness,ClimateChange,Dams,Hydrology,Sub-SaharanAfrica,
Water
39
COMPARISONOFPERFORMANCEOFCONVENTIONALMEMBRANEBIOREACTORWITHDYNAMICMEMBRANEBIOREACTOR
MEHMETAKIFVERALa,ABDULLAHKIZILETb,OZERCINARc
aYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bKAHRAMANMARASSUTCUIMAMUNIVERSITY
cYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Thepurposeofthisstudyisaboutcomparisonofnon-wovenand0,45µmporesizerealmembrane
placed in one aerobic tank and under same conditions. Comparison has been made between
dynamic membrane bioreactors (DMBR) and Membrane bioreactor (MBR), which have been
employed in a widespread manner, to develop a convenient solution of high membrane cost
handicap.
Bothmembranetypesoperatedundersameaerobicconditions,volume,LMHandSADm.However,
they have been fed with synthetic municipal wastewater and operated periodically to hinder
membrane fouling. At the end of approximate one month adaptation time course, bioreactors,
whichhavereachedstableconditions,havebeenoperatedtogatherthedatathroughout60days.
CODremoval ratesand turbidity resultshavebeencomparedandnon-wovendynamicmembrane
resultshave shownsimilar results to realmembrane in termsofefficiency. Furthermore,dynamic
membranehasexposedairbackwashandpressurechangesexamined.
WhileaverageCODremovalisdetermined93%fornon-wovendynamicmembraneand95%for0,45
µmporesize realmembrane, turbidityvalueshaveobtained1,5NTUand0,7NTU fornon-woven
and0,45µmrealmembrane,respectively.
Keywords:DynamicMembrane,MembraneBioreactors,
40
IRRIGATIONPURPOSEDDAMSASASOURCEOFMINIHYDROPOWERINAFYONKARAHISAR
MURATKILITa
aAFYONKOCATEPEUNIVERSITYCIVILENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT
Abstract:
Waterandenergyisalienablesourceforhumanbeings.Becauseoftheundeniablynegativeeffects
ofburningfossilfuels,renewableenergysourcessuchaswindandsolarpowerhaveattractedever-
increasing attention, despite still being slightly more expensive than the conventional energies
Hence, the utilization of economical hydroelectric energy potentials to their full capacities is also
important from this aspect. Dams are engineering structures that storewater to supply needs of
humanand livingbeings.Although theaverageannual inflow is greater than theannual irrigation
release, there is a contradiction in monthly inflow and irrigation demand patterns, which is
drastically pronounced in semi-arid regions like Turkey. Water captured in active storage during
winter and spring months is used to compensate for the deficiencies between the irrigation
demandsandnaturalinflowsofdrysummermonths.Forhightotalirrigationreleasescloseto90%
regulation, the active storage may need to be large enough to store necessary carry-over
deficienciesbecauseoflong-durationlow-flowperiods.
In this study, available water potential of the Kestel Dam’s watershed will be calculated using
meteorological and river run off data which will be obtained DMİ and DSİ observation stations.
Hydroelectrically energy production capacity of the Kestel dam which was constructed only for
irrigation and domestic water supply will be investigated. Requiredwater and energy production
amountwillbecalculatedifaminihydropowerplantisconstructedinthebottomoutletofthedam.
Therefore,thewateramountdischargedfromtheKesteldamspillwaystructurewillbecalculatedto
useitfortheenergyproduction.
Keywords:IrrigationDams,MiniHydropower,RenewableEnergy,Electricity
41
INVESTIGATIONONTHECHARACTERISTICSANDMANAGEMENTOFDENTALWASTEWATERINTEHRAN,IRAN
MAJIDBAHRAMIANa,OZERCINARb,NASERMEHRDADIc
aYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cUNIVERSITYOFTEHRAN
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to identify the components, composition, generation rate and
management of dental wastewater in Tehran, Iran. Five dental centers in district 6 of Tehran
selected from twenty-eight centers using Kukran random sampling formula. Three samples were
takenfromeachcenterdailyandsentto laboratory forrelevantanalyses.ThemeanvalueforpH,
COD, EC, TDS, TSS, temperature and turbiditywas 6.72±0.009, 241.25±75.87mg/l, 1593.75±75.11
µs/cm, 1282.25±53.64 mg/l, 220±77.45 mg/l, 17.15±0.69 ºc and 39±11.69 FTU. The qualitative
analyzesdeclaresthatthemeanconcentrationofdissolvedsilverishigherthanothermetalswhile
tinhastheminimumconcentration.ThemeandissolvedconcentrationforMercury,Silver,Zinc,Tin
and cooper was 25.74±3.79, 44.22±32.59, 10.12±5.93, and 0.20±0.05 and 0.84±0.09 µg/l,
respectively.Accordingtopreviousstudiesdentalclinicsmostlydonotuseamalgamfiltrationand
pre-treatmentsystems,soasignificantamountofheavymetalsdischargetomunicipalwastewater
both in the form if dissolved or particle elements. The quantitative analyze shows that themean
generated wastewater in units using water suction machine is much higher than the respective
amountgenerated inunitswithsurgerysuctionmachine.Duetothe lackof thefiltrationunitand
amalgamseparatorahighconcentrationofmercuryobservedwhichcanbereducedby90%using
filtrationunit.Basedonthedischargestandardsanddestructiveeffectsofthistypeofwastewater
onenvironmentand foodchain, it is suggested thatdentalwastewaters shouldbe treatedbefore
enteringthemunicipalwastewatercollectionsystems.
Keywords:Amalgam,DentalWastewater,MercuryPollution,Metals,WastewaterTreatmentPlants
42
PULPANDPAPERWASTEWATERTREATMENTBYUSINGCHEMICALANDBIOLOGICALPROCESSES:CHEMICALCOAGULATIONFOLLOWED
BYINNOVATIVELYDESIGNEDCSTR
ABDULLAHKIZILETa,MERVEYURDAKULb,DILDAGUMUSCUc,OZERCINARd
aKAHRAMANMARASSUTCUIMAMUNIVERSITY
bYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITYdYILDIZTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to determine the performance of color-containing pulp and paper
wastewatertreatmentbyusingchemicalandbiologicalprocessesthatincludechemicalcoagulation
followedbyinnovativelydesignedCSTR.Theinfluentpulpandpaperwastewater,withtheaverage
valuesofcolourandCODbeing52330PtCoand25675.6mg/L,respectively,wasusedfortheCSTR
obtainedfromarealscaletreatmentplant.Beforebiologicaltreatment,typeanddoseofcoagulant,
optimumpH, stirringspeedandwaitingperiodwereexamined.DeterminationofoptimumpH for
coagulationwasperformedwithvariouspHvalues(4to8)withjartesting.Theresultsforthetwo
selected types of coagulants demonstrate the optimum pH value to be at 5.5. Initially, themost
commonlyusedcoagulantAlum(Al2(SO4)3.14.H2O)wasselected.However,Alumfailedtoproduce
any effect whatsoever on the coagulation with range of 5 mg /L-2500 mg/L, though optimum
conditionswereprovided.Then,FeCl3wastriedatdifferentdosageandtheoptimumdosagevalue
wasdeterminedof1500mg/Lunderthesameconditions.Theobtainedresultsdemonstratedthat
chemicalcoagulationprocesseswithFeCl3 aresuperior fortheremovalofbothcolorandorganic
compoundsfromrealtextilewastewater.ThecolourandCODdecreasedfromaverage52330PtCo
and25675.6mg/L to (89.6%and47.22% removal), respectively,with chemical treatment.Despite
these results being satisfying in respect to percentage of yield, the resultswere not sufficient for
discharge standards. So,we appliedbiological treatmentwith innovatively designedCSTRwith an
HRTvalueof5days.Thebiological treatmentdemonstratedexcellent results,withtheremovalof
colourandCODbeingonaverage90.70%and96.40%,respectively,whencombinedwithchemical
treatment.
Keywords:ChemicalAndBiologicalTreatment,Cstr,PulpAndPaperWastewater
43
BIOGASEFFICIENCY,LEACHATEQUALITYANDWASTESTABILIZATIONINANAEROBICLANDFILLBIOREACTORS
CEVATYAMANa,YUSUFKÜÇÜKAĞAb,ABDURRAHMANAKYOLc,SERDARKARAd
aGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITYdGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Landfills causevariousproblems for local authorities, suchas the contaminationof soil andwater
with toxins, the formation of leachate and the release of landfill gases. More economical and
applicableinnovativemethodswillbeanopportunityforlocalauthorities.Thetwobiggestproblems
that the local authorities face during operating of landfills are; cost of leachate treatment due to
highenergyconsumptionandtheproblemsfacedduringlandfillgasmanagement.Inthisstudy,itis
intended,inlaboratoryscaleanaerobicbioreactor,toimprovethebiogasefficiency,leachatequality
andwastestabilizationbyusinglab-scalelandfillbioreactor.Tosimulatelandfillbioreactor,thelab-
scalereactorwasconstructedat1mheightand30cmdiameterbyusingopaquePVCpipe.Inthis
simulatedlab-scalelandfillbioreactor,leachaterecirculationtwiceaweekwasappliedtoinvestigate
the effect of landfill bioreactor on biogas efficiency, leachate quality and waste stabilization.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biological oxygen demand (BOD5), pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA),
oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and other parameters in leachate samples were regularly
monitored. Biogas amount and settlement in the reactor due to waste stabilization were also
measured regularly. After 180 days of anaerobic incubation, total biogas produced was 938,6 L,
waste settlement in the reactor was 7% and COD and BOD5 removal rates were 84% and 77%,
respectively.
Keywords:MunicipalSolidWaste(Msw),LandfillBioreactor(Lbr),AnaerobicBiodegradation,
LeachateRecirculation,Landfilling
44
EFFECTOFTHEANODEELECTRODEONPARACETAMOLREMOVALINTHEELECTROOXIDATION-ULTRASOUNDHYBRIDPROCESS
ABDURRAHMANAKYOLa,AYBIKEKARAOĞLUb,SERDARKARAc,CEVATYAMANd
aGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITYdGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Intherecentyears,theexcessiveuseofpharmaceuticalproductshaveledtothecontaminatedof
soil, ground, and surface waters. Also, these toxic compounds cause the formation of antibiotic
resistancebacteria.Paracetamol(PCT)isacommonanalgesic/anti-inflammatorydrugandhavebeen
in thewastewaterasmicro-pollutant. The removalofPCT fromwater is adifficultprocessdue to
refractoryproperties.
Advanced treatmentmethods have been successfully applied to destructionmany toxic and bio-
recalcitrantpharmaceuticals. Themostusual technique is effectiveelectrochemical treatments. In
these study, electrochemical oxidation (EO) and ultrasound (US) techniques have been used
together.BothoxidationprocesscreateshydroxylradicalandbreaksupthebondsofthePCT.
Theaimofthisstudyistoexaminetheeffectofdifferentelectrodesbyelectrooxidation-ultrasound
hybrid process removeof PCT fromwastewater. These electrodeswere Ti/PbO2, Ti/Pt andBoron
dopeddiamond (BDD). The results show that BDD anodehas effective than the other anodes for
quickeroxidationofPCT. WhileTi/PbO2andTi/Ptas theanodewasremovedapproximately82%
and70%ofPCT,respectively,BDDanoderemoved92%inthehybridprocess.
Keywords:Electrooxidation,Ultrasound,Paracetamol,Bdd,Pharmaceutical
45
PHOTOCATALYTICDEGRADATIONOFREACTIVERED180DYESOLUTIONENHANCEDBYHYDRODYNAMICCAVITATION
YASEMINCALISKANa,HCENGIZYATMAZb,NIHALBEKTASc
aGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
bGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
cGEBZETECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Non-biodegradable syntheticproductsandwasteshavebeen increasingwithdeveloping industrial
activities and have caused heavy pollution in recent years. Textile sector is the leading industry
whichhasgreatimportanceinenvironmentalpollutioncontrolduetohighwaterconsumptionand
the sector discharges large volumes of wastewater to receiving media. On the other hand, dye
containingwastewateroftextileindustriescausesaestheticproblemsbesidestheirtoxiceffectdue
tocomplexorganicpollutants.Conventionaltreatmentmethodshavenotbeenefficienttoremove
pollutantsfromtextilewastewatersatdesiredlevelsfordischargeregulations.Thereforeindustries
have been tending tomore efficient watermanagement approach as a result of increasing costs
becauseofinfluentprocesswatersupplyanddisposalofwastewater.Hence,thenovelwastewater
treatment alternatives are required to develop advanced treatment technologies. In recent years
advancedoxidationprocesseshavebeendevelopedandinvestigatedasintegratedhybridprocesses.
Inthisstudy,synergiceffectsofhydrodynamiccavitationandphotocatalyticoxidationprocesseson
thedegradationofsyntheticdyesolutionswereinvestigated.ReactiveRed180(RR180)azodyewas
selected as one of the synthetic textile dye chemical and was prepared in 100 mg/L as initial
concentration. ZnO as semi-conductor powder catalyst and UVA light emission are used for
photocatalyticoxidationprocess.Orificepipeforhydrodynamiccavitationwasintegratedinapilot
plantphoto-reactorforphotocatalyticdegradationofRR180dyesolution.Thereactorwasoperated
at5barand10L/minflowrate.
Keywords:HydrodynamicCavitation,PhotocatalyticOxidation,AdvancedOxidationProcesses,
ReactiveRed180,AzoDye
46
OUTDOORAIRPOLLUTIONINCREASEDWITHURBANTRANSFORMATIONINISTANBULANATOLIANSIDE
ESINBOZKURTa,GÜSSÜNGÜNEŞb
aENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT,ENGINEERINGFACULTY,MARMARA
UNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENTOFINFORMATIONANDDOCUMENTATIONMANAGEMENT,FACULTYOF
ARTSANDSCIENCES,MARMARAUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Urban transformation has important impacts on degradation of air quality, while providing the
urbangrowth.Deteriorationofairqualitynotonlyaffectshumanhealthbutalsochangestowhole
surrounded ecosytems. Many air pollutants are responsible for the degradation of outdoor air
quality. Major air pollutants are gasses, chemicals and particulate matters that comes from the
burningoffossilfuels.Effortstoimproveairqualityandreductionofairpollutionareimportantto
protectpublichealth.FromMarmaraCleanAirCentreinIstanbul,airqualityparametersaffectedby
urbantransformationareevaluatedinthisstudy.MeasurementvaluesinIstanbulareinvestigated
comparingwith thresold limit valuesof Turkey andWorld. In 2013 and2014, PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NO2outdoorvaluesinUskudarandUmraniyeareanalyzedespeciallyrelatedtogrowingimpactsof
urban transformation on the Anatolian side. Data over the periodMarch 1, 2013 - December 1,
2014isanalyzedrelatedtopublichealth.Suggestionsaremadeforimprovingairquality.
Keywords:OutdoorAirQuality,So2,No2,ParticulateMatter
47
FLOODRISKANALYSISOFAKARCAYRIVERONTHEUYDUKENTSETTLEMENTPLACE
MURATKILITa
aAFYONKOCATEPEUNIVERSITYCIVILENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT
Abstract:
FloodscausinglossoflifeandpropertyaretheoneofthemainhazardsinTurkey.Floodscausehuge
damages to the structures and infrastructures of settlement areas. Flood simulations are also
importanttostudystructureandinfrastructuresystemsaffectedbythefloodseitheratthetimeof
flooding or after flooding. In this study, flood risk of the Akarcay river, flowing through
Afyonkarahisarcitycenterandgivingalsoitsnametoitswatershed,fortheOrhangaziandYesilyurt
districtscalledalsoUydukentsettlementarea is studied.Akarcay river isalmost150km longand
importantstreamdischargingintothelakesEberandAkşehirafterstartingfromtheSinanpasasub
watershedandflowingthroughAfyonkarahisarcitycenter.Akarcayriver ismadelikeapoolatthe
Uydukentsettlementplaceforarecreationalpurposeafterconstructionofaconcretechannelwith
5000mlengthwhichiscontrolledbythegatesconstructedbyDSİ.Usingthisway,theriverwateris
storedintheconcretechannelinsummersandwinters.
In the study, using HECRAS software, flood analysis of the regionwas established. Required data
suchastopographyforrunningfloodsimulationwasenteredintomodeltobenefitfromthesatellite
images for this study.HECRASsoftwarewas runaccording to thedifferent floodperiodvalues for
steady state flow condition. So, along the channel, flood levels and velocities were obtained. In
addition, flood areawas determined.Moreover, by theway of different scenarios, results of the
flood simulation were evaluated. Finally, flood levels in the channel were calculated as varying
between0.13m1.92m.
Keywords:Flood,Hecras,Simulation,Infrastructure
48
HEAVYMETALSANALYSISINIRRIGATIONWATERANDSUGARBEET(BETAVULGARISL.)INERGENEBASIN,TURKEY
AZIZSATANAa
aDEPARTMENTOFFIELDCROPS,AGRICULTUREFACULTY,ERCIYESUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
The Ergene River in the Ergene Basin is one of themajor surface irrigation water sources in the
ThraceRegion in Turkey. The river has beenused for irrigation. Themain crops that are irrigated
fromtheriverarecornandsugarbeet.Theannualtotalrainfallintheregionisabout600mm,which
is not sufficient for the crops. Therefore, the Ergene River is a crucial irrigation water source.
However, industrialdevelopment in the regionhas increasedgradually since1980.Alongwith the
industrialdevelopment,thepopulationoftheErgeneBasinhasincreasedaswell.Currently,theriver
suffers fromthecontaminationdischargedfromheavy industrial facilities. In thisstudy,waterand
beet samples from 13 different locations in the Ergene Basin were collected and heavy metal
contents, which included Cd, Cu, Fe,Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sampleswas determined. Results
showed thatCd (0.4864mgL-1), Fe (5.439mgL-1),Mn (1.034mgL-1),Pb (1.034mgL-1),andNi
(0.832mgL-1)wereabovetheregulationslimitswhileZn(1.566mgL-1),andCu(0.980mgL-1)were
underthelimitsinirrigationwater.TheotherresultsindicatedthatCd(8.025mgkg-1),Cu(81.756
mgkg-1),Pb(3.9mgkg-1),andZn(113.649mgkg-1)wereabovethelimitswhileFe(359,252mg
kg-1)andMn(33.865mgkg-1),Ni(4.2mgkg-1)wereunderthelimitsinbeet.
Keywords:SugarBeet,HeavyMetals,ErgeneBasin
49
SOMETURKISHLOWRANKCOALSANDHEALTHANDENVIRONMENTALEFFECTS
NAZANYALÇINERİKa
aCUMHURIYETUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
AirpollutionwhichisbecomingagreatenvironmentalconcerninTurkeyisduetothecombustionof
fossilfuelsandbiomassresources.Turkey’snaturalenergyresourcesarequitedifferent;mainlycoal,
crudeoil,naturalgas,hydroelectricpower,geothermal,biomass,solar,andwindareproducedand
consumed.AlthoughTurkey’soilandnaturalgasreservesareverylimited,especiallylowrankcoal
reservesarequiteabundant.So,coal isaprimaryenergysourceforTurkeyand isusedmainly for
electricpower,steel industry,andcementproduction.Turkishcoalreservesareestimatedtobein
the order of 8.3 Gt lignite/subbituminous and 1.4 Gt bituminous coal. Lignite bearing units are
extent all over the country especiallywesternAnatolia. Increased coal consumption in large coal-
fired power plants and growing population of Turkey implies increased greenhouse effect, air
pollution,sulfuremissions,andacidrains.Healthandenvironmental impacts fromcoalaremainly
associatedwithinhalationofairborneparticulatescreatedbycoalmining/combustion,oringestion
ofgroundorsurfacewatersthatcontactcoaloritswasteproducts.SometraceelementsAs,Be,Cd,
Hg,VandUemittedbycoal-firedpowerplantsandbydomesticand industrialcoalcombustion in
cities have known toxic responses for environment. Coal mining has a explicit influence on the
environment, affecting land and causing subsidence, as well as producingmine waste. Themain
emissionsfromcoalcombustionaresulfurdioxide,nitrogenoxides,particulates,andcarbondioxide.
SO2concentrationsinthefuelgasofsomelignite-firedpowerstationsareextremelyhighanddiffer
notablybetweenpowerplants,owing to thevariationof thesulfurcontentof the fuels.Although
theNOx emissions are lower than SO2 emissions in Turkey, they have likewise increased rapidly,
followingthegrowthofenergyrequirements.
Keywords:AirPollution,Coal,Lignite,Turkey,FossilFuel,GreenhouseEffect
50
GENOPROTECTIVEPOTENTIALOFROSACANINAL.FRUITWATEREXTRACTONDNADAMAGEINDUCEDBYEMSINSOMATICCELLSOF
DROSOPHILAMELANOGASTER
HANDANUYSALa,CANERKASIMOĞLUb
aATATÜRKUNIVERSITY
bATATÜRKUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
In this study, the possible genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) which are one of
alkylatingagentandgenoprotectiveeffectsofRosacaninaL.fruitwaterextract(RCwtr)wasstudied
withDrosophilawingsomaticmutationandrecombinationtest (SMART).Recessive flare (flr3)and
multiplewinghair(mwh)markergenesforSMARTwereused.Inourstudy,concentrationsofEMS
and RCwtr were determined by carrying out preliminary studies. Then, sets of experiments
containingfivedifferentapplicationgroupswereprepared(distilledwatercontrolgroup,1mMEMS,
1mMEMS+1%RCwtr, 1mMEMS+3% RCwtr and1mMEMS+5%RCwtr). flr3 virgin female and
mwh males of mutant strains were crossbred, and eggs were collected in periods of 8h. The
transheterozygous larvae obtained from these eggs after 72±4hwere placed in application tubes
containing EMSand EMS+RCwtr andDrosophila instantmedium. The larvaewere kept inside this
feed lot until they matured. The mature specimens were collected and their wing slides were
prepaired. The wing slides were examined under light microscope (400X) and mutant clones
detected were recorded. For statistical calculations, multiple-decision procedure was used to
deteminewhethertheresultwaspositive,negativeorincoclusive.
The total clon frequencyobtained fromdistilledwater control group, 1mMEMS, 1mMEMS+1%
RCwtr,1mMEMS+3%RCwtrand1mMEMS+5%RCwtrapplicationgroups forthenormalwings
(mwh/flr3)phenotypesweredetectedas0.15,3.55,2.58,2.78and2.20,respectively.Thedifference
between distilledwater control group and 1mM EMS application group is statistically significant
(P<0.05).According to the resutsobtained fromRCwtrapplicationgroups, eachgroup’s total clon
frequencydecreased,dependingon theconcentrationofRCwtr. Itwas found that thedifferences
betweenthe1mMEMSandRCwtr.applicationgroupswerestatisticallyimportanttoo(P<0.05).
The findingsdemonstrate that theconstituentsofRosacaninaL.havegreatpotentialasanatural
genoprotectiveproductsforD.melanogastermanagement.
Keywords:RosaCanina,Smart,DrosophilaMelanogaster,EthylMethanesulfonate,Genoprotective
51
ANALYSISOFINVIVOGENOTOXICITYOFTHESYNTHETICPYRETHROIDINSECTICIDE“PERMETHRIN”INHUMANPERIPHERALLYMPHOCYTESBYSISTERCHROMATIDEXCHANGE(SCE)ASSAY
HALITKIZILETa,HANDANUYSALa
aATATÜRKUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
The insecticides which are the subgroup of pesticides are used against various endo and ecto
parasites to protect public health. The insecticides are classified according to their organic
compound contents, namely, organochlorides, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroides and
neonicotinoids. Pyrethroids are similar to the natural pyrethrines. They are used commonly for
control of house pests. As a result, the exposure of these insecticides on humans is
inevitable.Permethrin(PER), isawidespectrumandpotent insecticidewhich iswidelyusedinfood
production,livestockfarmingandpublichealth.Inthisstudy,theprobablegenotoxiceffectsofPER
wereevaluatedbySister.Chromatide.Exchange.(SCE)testinhumanperipherallymphocytes.
We determined four different PER application groups(50,100,250and500ppm) in this study. The
chromosomemediumcontaining5bromo-deoxyuridine(BrdU)wasusedtopreparecellcultures.We
added0.25mlbloodanddifferentdosesofPERintothismedium.After72hoursofincubation,smears
were prepared and stained by Giemsa technique. The preparations were examined by light
microscopewith10x100magnification.
TheSCEnumbersof theapplicationgroupswerecomparedwith thecontrolgroups.Distilledwater
and the solvent of PER, dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO), were used as the negative control and
ethylmetansulphate(EMS) is used.as.the positive control. The mean SCE frequency
was3.60±0.02and3.70±0.01 for distilled water and DMSO, respectively, without any statistically
significantdifference(p<0.05).Thisparameter forEMSwas found tobe32.61±0.01andtherewasa
statisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenEMSanddistilledwater(p<0.05).
The SCEs after application of50,100,250and500ppm PER were observed to
be3.97±0.03;4.56±0.02;5.82±0.03and6.15±0.02,respectively.Thecomparisonofallof theseresults
withDMSOyieldedastatisticallysignificantdifference(p<0.05).Additionally,thereplicationindex(RI)
was calculated in PER application groups. The RI was2.24±0.07 in DMSO and decreased
to1.95±0.05;1.88±0.07;2.03±0.04and2.02±0.05inPERtreatedgroups,respectively,thedifferenceof
thesevalueswithDMSOwasinsignificant(p>0.05).
Accordingtotheseresults,DNAdamagewasobservedinallPERapplicationgroups.However,DNA
repairmechanismsweredetectednot.to.beinhibited.
Keywords:Insecticide,Permethrin,SisterChromatideExchange,Genotoxicity
52
THEMYTILUSPROJECT:MONITORINGPESTICIDES,TRIBUTLYTINANDDETECTIONOFPARASITEANDVIRALACCUMULATIONINMYTILUSGALLOPROVINCIALISINEASTERNAEGEANCOASTALWATERS(IZMIR
BAY)ÜMITAKSOYa,CERENERGÜDENa,NURALEROLb,SONGÜLB.DELIBAŞa
aDOKUZEYLÜLUNIVERSITYSCHOOLOFMEDICINE
bADNANMENDERESUNIVERSITYSCHOOLOFVETERINARYDEPARTMENTOFVIROLOGY
Abstract:
Organic and inorganic materials as well as infectious agents resulted from rapid and irregular
urbanization have roles in pollution of seas. Due to their ability to filter water and accumulate
organicandinorganicmaterials intheirtissues,musselshavebeenusedasbioindicatorsofmarine
pollution.
Thenumberofstudiesinvestigatingtributyltinandfoodbornepathogensinmusselsofourcountry
arelimited.Inordertofilltheknowledgegapaboutthisissue,twodifferentnationalprojectswere
conducted about amounts of chemical (organochlorine pesticides and tributyltin) and biological
(parasitesandviruses)pollutantsinmusselsofIzmirBay.
Studyareaswere inner,middle, andouter regionsof IzmirBay,GedizRiverbasinandMersinBay
near to IzmirBay. Eight sitesweremonitored in twoyears time,onceevery season. Investigated
organochlorinated pesticides were hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorosiklohexane, heptachlor, aldrin,
1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2,2dichoroetilen,p,p’-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane,dieldrin, endrin,
dichloro diphenyl dichloro ethane and endosulphan sulphate. Molecular methods were used to
investigate biological pollutants and gas chromatography was used to investigate chemical
pollutants.
According to the results of the studies inner, middle, and outer regions of Izmir Bay have viral
pollution load. HAVandNoVpositivities in themussel sampleswere26.7%and30%accordingly.
ThemusselswerenegativeforMicrosporidiumbutpositiveforGiardia.Giardiawasdetectedinone
ofthestationsintwodifferentseasons;winterandspring.
Theseresultsindicatesthatthebiologicalcontaminationofseafoodinourseasmightthreatenour
health.
Organochlorine pesticides and tributyltin levels in Izmir Baywere found as not yet hazardous for
publichealth.Howeveritisengrossingthatchroniceffectoftributyltinlevelsonhumanhealthisnot
known.
Detailed studies are needed to determine affects of all these pollutants on human health and
ecosystem.
Keywords:IzmirBay,Mussel,Microsporidium,Giardia,Hav,Nov,Pesticide,Tributyltin.
53
STRUCTUREOFBACTERIALCOMMUNITYAFTERREVEGETATIONOFANANTHROPIZEDSOILINTERGASANDPIT(ALGERIA)
IGHILHARIZSAMIAa,BEKKIABDELKADERb,PHILIPPEDELAJUDIEc,NAVARROELISABETHd
aUNIVERSITEOFORAN1AHMEDBENBELLA
bUNIVERSITEORAN1AHMEDBENBELLA
cIRD-LSTM,CAMPUSDEBAILLARGUETTAA-82/J,34398MONTPELLIERCÉDEX5,FRANCEdIRD-LSTM,ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIALGENOMICSGROUP,LABORATOIREAMPERE
ECOLECENTRALEDELYON,36,AVENUEGUYDECOLLONGUE,69134
Abstract:
Our study focuses on the effect of anthropization and revegetation on bacterial community
structures’evolution.We followedon temporal scale inanthropizedsoilused in the regionofAin
Témouchent,Terga,locatedinthewestofOran(Algeria).Thissitehasbeennewlyreplantedbythe
introduction of two tree species (Schinus terebinthefolius and Tetraclinis articulata) associated or
notwithtwoleguminous(RetamamonospermaandLotuscreticus).Therhizospheresoilofeachtest
is taken to investigate about the evolution of bacterial communities structure at time = 0 (early
planting) after 12 months and 18 months. Bacterial community structure was studied by using
metagenomic approach. After purification, DNA samples were amplified in the IGS region. Then,
amplicons were characterized by molecular fingerprinting methods: RISA (Ribosomal intergenic
Spacer Analysis). Results were analyzed statistically by BCA using R software. Plants effect on
bacterialpopulationdiffersdependingtoplantsspecies.Thus, ithasbeendemonstrated,fromthe
beginning of planting, Tetraclinis articulata effect on bacterial communities. In fact, bacterial
community structure of rhizospheric soil is different from those of bare soil. After 6 months,
evolutionofrhizosphericbacterialcommunitiescontinuesbuttherewouldalsobeanevolutionof
baresoilwhichwouldbeveryusefulfortherapidrestorationofthesesites.Theevolutioncontinues
after12months to stabilizeat18months.Bacterial community structureofbare soilalsoevolves
overtimethatsuggeststhatplantintroductionhasalsoanimpactonbacterialcommunitystructure
ofbaresoil.However,Schinusterebinthifoliusihadnosignificanteffectontheevolutionofbacterial
community structure whatever the kind of soil. These results indicate the importance of
revegetationonbacterialcommunitystructureanddemonstratetheutilitytofollowtheirevolution
toguidetheselectionofplantspecies/microorganismsthatimprovesoilbiologicalquality.
Keywords:BaterialCommunity;Métagénomique;Pcr;Risa;Pca
54
STRUCTUREOFBACTERIALCOMMUNITYAFTERREVEGETATIONEFFORTSOFANANTHROPIZEDSOILINASANDPITOFTERGA
(ALGERIA)
IGHILHARIZSAMIAa,BEKKIABDELKADERb,PHILIPPEDELAJUDIEc,NAVARROELISABETHd
aUNIVERSITEOFORAN1AHMEDBENBELLA
bUNIVERSITEORAN1AHMEDBENBELLA
cIRD-LSTM,CAMPUSDEBAILLARGUETTAA-82/J,34398MONTPELLIERCÉDEX5,FRANCEdIRD-LSTM,ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIALGENOMICSGROUP,LABORATOIREAMPERE
ECOLECENTRALEDELYON,36,AVENUEGUYDECOLLONGUE,69134
Abstract:
Our study focuses on the effect of anthropization and revegetation on bacterial community
structures’evolution.We followedon temporal scale inanthropizedsoilused in the regionofAin
Témouchent,Terga,locatedinthewestofOran(Algeria).Thissitehasbeennewlyreplantedbythe
introduction of two tree species (Schinus terebinthefolius and Tetraclinis articulata) associated or
notwithtwoleguminous(RetamamonospermaandLotuscreticus).Therhizospheresoilofeachtest
is taken to investigate about the evolution of bacterial communities structure at time = 0 (early
planting) after 12 months and 18 months. Bacterial community structure was studied by using
metagenomic approach. After purification, DNA samples were amplified in the IGS region. Then,
amplicons were characterized by molecular fingerprinting methods: RISA (Ribosomal intergenic
Spacer Analysis). Results were analyzed statistically by BCA using R software. Plants effect on
bacterialpopulationdiffersdependingtoplantsspecies.Thus, ithasbeendemonstrated,fromthe
beginning of planting, Tetraclinis articulata effect on bacterial communities. In fact, bacterial
community structure of rhizospheric soil is different from those of bare soil. After 6 months,
evolutionofrhizosphericbacterialcommunitiescontinuesbuttherewouldalsobeanevolutionof
baresoilwhichwouldbeveryusefulfortherapidrestorationofthesesites.Theevolutioncontinues
after12months to stabilizeat18months.Bacterial community structureofbare soilalsoevolves
overtimethatsuggeststhatplantintroductionhasalsoanimpactonbacterialcommunitystructure
ofbaresoil.However,Schinusterebinthifoliusihadnosignificanteffectontheevolutionofbacterial
community structure whatever the kind of soil. These results indicate the importance of
revegetationonbacterialcommunitystructureanddemonstratetheutilitytofollowtheirevolution
toguidetheselectionofplantspecies/microorganismsthatimprovesoilbiologicalquality.
Keywords:BacterialCommunity;Métagénomique;Pcr;Risa;Pca
55
ATRIPLEXHALIMUSINVITROMICROPROPAGATION
ZOHRAIGHILHARIZa,AMINAKADIRIb,YAMINAHALFAOUIc
aORAN1UNIVERSITYAHMEDBENBELLA
bORAN1UNIVERSITYAHMEDBENBELLA
cORAN1UNIVERSITYAHMEDBENBELLA
Abstract:
Progresses in industry, townplanning and agricultural techniques fieldswere generally donewith
theenvironmentdetrimentandecosystemsbalance.Thus,severalplantspeciesonwhichanyfuture
progress depends are in disappearanceprocess. Biodiversityconservationandplant
resourcessafeguarding,inparticularthoseadaptedtoaridandsemi-aridMediterraneanregionsoilis
necessaryfortheirrehabilitation.Atriplexhalimusisanativehalophyte,specieswhichcancontribute
to the geomorphological and ecological restoration of these grounds affected primarily by the
salinization and desertification. It’s in vitro propagation by biotechnology techniques is an
alternativeofchoicewhichfacilitatesthisspeciesquickmultiplicationthusenablingaridzoneswide
surfaces revegetalisation programs application. For this purpose axillary buds taken from
greenhouse grown plants, are cultivated in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium
added or not with growth regulators. Results showed that on half strengthMSmediumwithout
adding exogenous plant hormones, 60% of the nodes showed shoots formation followed by full
strengthMSmediumauditionedwithBAP(44,6%)andNAA/BAP(44%).Spontaneousrhizogenesisis
observedonMSdevoidedofhormones.Datashowedthathighershootsnumberisobtainedwhen
nodesarecultivatedonfullstrengthMSmediumaddedwithANA/BAP.
ThisstudyshowedthatAtriplexhalimusinvitromicropropagationcanbeachievedonhalfstrength
MSmediumbasedononlyendogenoushormones
Keywords:Biodiversity,AtriplexHalimus,InVitroMicropropagation,ShootsFormation
56
ISOLATIONOFMICROBIALAMYLASEFROMVARIOUSAGRICULTURALWASTESWITHSOLIDSTATEFERMENTATION(SSF)
IREMÇELEBIERa,NEVINKESKINb
aDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,HACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
bDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,HACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Nowadays,hundredsofenzymesused in industry,aswellasmanybiotechnologicalprocessesand
products. Amylaseswhichhave a largemargin in theworld enzyme trade andhavebeenused in
various industrial areas such as food, beverage, textile, detergent andmedicine. In this study, α-
amylase enzymes were obtained from various valueless wastes by solid state fermentation (SSF)
usingAspergillusnigerATCC16404andBacillussubtilisATCC6633.Amylaseswhichwereproduced
frombacteriaand fungiby studyingvariousparametersandoptimumproductionconditionswere
determined. For this purpose, production of bacterial amylase was determined and the best
substratesupplywasbananahusk,incubationtime72hours,incubationtemperature37°C,medium
pH 7.0, inoculum volume 3ml,moisture contentwas found to be 10%. Themaximumactivity of
bacterialamylasewas foundas60 °CandpH6.5.Whereas, theproductionof fungalamylasewas
determined and the best substrate supply was rice husk, incubation time 48 hours, incubation
temperature30°C,mediumpH5.0,inoculumvolume2ml,moisturecontentwasfoundtobe60%.
Themaximumactivityoffungalamylasewas40°CandpH6.5.Bacterialandfungalamylaseenzymes
were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and DEAE-column chromatography.
After, their approximate molecular weights were calculated. Accordingly, bacterial and fungal
amylasesweredeterminedas~40kDaand~44kDa,respectively.Conclusionofthisstudyrevealed
thatitwillenabletheamylaseproductionusingwasteswhichwerecarryingnoeconomicvalueand
provideindustrialbenefitsinmanyareas.
Keywords:Amylase,SolidStateFermentation(Ssf),AspergillusNiger,BacillusSubtilis,Purification
57
COMPARISONOFTHEFENNELLIANIVEAPOWDERANDACTIVATEDCHARCOALONBIOREMOVALOFREACTIVEBLUE24DYE
ÖZGECANERDEMa,Y.DORUKARACAGÖKb,M.HASANAKYILc,NİLÜFERCİHANGİRd
aHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,BIOTECHNOLOGYSECTION
bHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,BIOTECHNOLOGYSECTION
cHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,BIOTECHNOLOGYSECTIONdHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,BIOTECHNOLOGYSECTION
Abstract:
Syntheticdyesaremostlyusedinseveralindustrialsectorssuchastextile,cosmetic,pharmaceutical
and leather. Thedischargeofuntreatedeffluents containingdyes causeenvironmental andwater
pollution.Physicalandchemicalmethodsaregenerallyused for the treatmentof textileeffluents.
Among the treatment options, adsorption has become one of the most effective and low cost
methodforthedecolorizationprocesses.Differentadsorbentssuchasperlite, lignite,silicageland
activatedcharcoalareusedforremovalofdyesfromaqueoussolutions.Besidethesemanybacteria
andfungicanbeusedforadsorptionprocesses.TheaimofthisstudyistodecolorizeReactiveBlue
24dyeusingpowderofdriedFennelianiveapelletsandcomparethedecolorizationabilitybetween
activatedcharcoal.
Fennelianiveawasisolatedfromİzmit(Turkey).Theculturemediumcomposedof10gglucoseand
5 g yeast extract per liter. In order to obtain F. nivea powder, culture liquidwas separated from
biomass through filtration.After filtrationbiomasswas left todry (4days30°C).Driedpellet was
homogenized with homogenizer. In further process biomass was sieved (≤0,015 mm). Obtained
powderusedfordecolorization.Thedecolorizationpercentagedeterminedspectrophotometrically
at 613 nm. In this study, different parameters such as pH(3-10), temperature(20-60°C) and dye
concentration(50-250ppm) were tested and decolorization ability at optimum condition was
comparewithactivatedcharcoal.
The present work demonstrates that powder of F. nivea has highest bioremoval yield (96%) at
optimum conditions. When activated charcoal examined, the results showed that it has lower
bioremovalyield(75%).Ourresultsalsoshowedthat fungalpowdercoulddecolorizeReactiveBlue
24effectivelyatwidepH(3-10)andtemperature(20-60°C)range.Consequently,itcanbeconcluded
that Fennellia nivea powder could be a more efficient biosorbent than activated charcoal for
treatmentofwastescontainingReactiveBlue24.
Keywords:Decolorization,Biosorption,ReactiveBlue24,FennelliaNivea,ActivatedCharcoal
58
PHYTOCHEMICALINVESTIGATIONANDANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASEACTIVITYOFLEAFEXTRACTSFROM
RHAMNUSOLEOIDESL.
HOUARIBENAMARa,ELONGERARIVOSONb,MALIKABENNACEURc,ABDERRAZAKMAROUFd
a1DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,FACULTYOFNATURALSCIENCESANDLIFE,UNIVERSITYOF
MOSTAGANEMABDELHAMIDIBNBADIS
bLABORATORYOFBIOCHEMISTRYANDNATURALPRODUCTS,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,
FACULTYOFNATURALSCIENCESANDLIFE,UNUNIVERSITYORAN1
cLABORATORYOFBIOCHEMISTRYANDNATURALPRODUCTS,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,
FACULTYOFNATURALSCIENCESANDLIFE,UNIVERSITYORAN1dDEPARTMENTOFNATURALSCIENCESANDLIFE,CTRUNIVNAAMA.P.B.66,45000NAAMA,
ALGERIA
Abstract:
Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae) species have been used for treatment of several diseases (constipation,
hepatic diseases and eczema)[1-3]. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), the key
enzymeinthebreakdownofacetylcholine, isconsideredasapromisingstrategyforthetreatment
of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, senile dementia, ataxia and myasthenia
gravis[4]. The phytochemical composition and in vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of several
extracts from R. oleoides L. were evaluated by TLC and spectrophometric assays. The best anti-
acetylcholinesterase activity resultswereobserved for anthraquinones and alkaloids extractswith
IC50valuesof152.63±3.64;155.17±3.69µg/mL,respectively.Galanthaminewasusedasapositive
control (IC50 = 0.29 ± 0.0036 µg/ml). Preliminary phytochemical investigation of extracts from R.
oleoides L. showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthraquinones, saponins, and
alkaloids. Flavonoids, and anthraquinones were abundant in ethyl acetate extract. The
anthraquinonesextractwas investigatedbyHPLC-DAD-UVandHPLC-API-ES-MS,andwas found to
contain flavonoids: taxifolin, eriodictyol, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, rhamnetin,
rhamnocitrin, and anthraquinones: emodin, chrysophanol, emodinanthrone, physcion, and other
unidentifiedanthraquinones.
Keywords:RhamnusOleoidesL.,Anti-Acetylcholinesterase,Hplc-Api-Es-Ms,Anthraquinones,
Flavonoids
59
COMPARATIVESTUDYOFANTIOXIDATIVEACTIVITYANDPHYTOCHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFTWOSEAWEEDSULVALACTUCA
(GREENALGAE)ANDDICTYOPTERISPOLYPODIOIDES(BROWNALGAE)
FAIROUZYAHOUa,NADERKAWASb,FARIDABOUKORTTc
aLABORATOIREDENUTRITIONCLINIQUEETMETABOLIQUE,DEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,
UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
bDEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
cLABORATOIREDENUTRITIONCLINIQUEETMETABOLIQUE,DEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,
UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidative potential and phytochemical
compositionoftwoseaweeds:greenalgaeUlvalactucaandbrownalgaeDictyopterispolypodioides,
invitrocollectedfromBousferbeach(Oran,Algeria).
For this, from the two algae powder three extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic) were
preparedbymaceration24h,atroomtemperature.
ThepolyphenolsconcentrationwasmeasuredbytheFolin-Ciocalteumethodandtheirantioxidative
capacity by the DPPH radical scavenging and the iron reduction (FRAP) tests. The phytochemical
screeningofthedifferentextractswasdeterminedbycolorimetricandfluorescencereactions.
Theresultsshowedthatpolyphenolsconcentrationswerevariable,thegreaterwasfoundinbrown
alga methanolic extract which was a 5-times greater than that found in green algae, while the
highestconcentrationforthegreenalgaewasnotedintheaqueousextract.
The results of DPPH radical scavenging showed that the antioxidative power was noted in the
ethanolic extract for both algae. The lowest value was observed in Ulva lactuca aqueous extract
beinggreater than15% inDictyopterispolypodioides.Furthermore, the iron reduction test (FRAP)
showedsimilarabilitiesbetweentheextractsandthecontrolforthebothalgae.
Thephytochemical screening of the different extracts revealed the presenceof certain secondary
metabolites (phenolic compounds, coumarin, sterols, triterpenes andmucilage) in both species of
algae.
Inconclusion,thankstotheircompositionandantioxidativeproperties,bothseaweeds,inparticular
thebrownone,couldpreventoxidativestress-relatedpathologies.
Keywords:GreenAlgae,BrownAlgae,UlvaLactuca,DictyopterisPolypodioides,Polyphenols,Antioxidant,Dpph,Frap,PhytochemicalScreenin
60
COMPARATIVESTUDYOFANTIOXIDATIVEACTIVITYANDPHYTOCHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFTWOSEAWEEDSULVALACTUCA
(GREENALGAE)ANDHALOPITHYSINCURVA(REDALGAE)
AMINAFARIDAGOUMRIa,NADERKAWASb,FARIDABOUKORTTc
aLABORATOIREDENUTRITIONCLINIQUEETMETABOLIQUE,DEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,
UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
bDEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
cLABORATOIREDENUTRITIONCLINIQUEETMETABOLIQUE,DEPARTEMENTDEBIOLOGIE,
UNIVERSITED'ORAN1,ALGERIA
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to compare the antioxidative potential as well as the phytochemical
compositionoftwoseaweeds,redalgaeHalopithys incurvaandgreenalgaeUlva lactucacollected
fromtheMediterraneancoastinwestofOran(BousferSea).
From the algae powder, aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were prepared. The
polyphenols quantification was realized by Folin-Ciocalteumethod. The antioxidative activity was
evaluatedbyDPPHscavengingtestandferric ionreducingpower(FRAP).Thephytochemicalstudy
wasdeterminedbycolorimetricandfluorescentmethods.
The results showed that phenolic compounds concentrations were 3.39-fold higher in red algae
compared to green algae in aqueous extract while this content was 0.44-fold lower in red algae
comparedtogreenalgaeinethanolicextract.Furthermore,phenoliccompoundsinmethanolicand
ethanolicextractsofthetwoalgaedecreasedcomparedtoaqueousextract.
The antioxidative power by the DPPH test revealed that two algae extracts showed antiradical
activitysignificantlylowercomparedtothestandard.Moreover,thebothalgaeaqueousextracthad
alowDPPHscavengingcapacitycomparedtotheotherextracts.Thiscapacityofredalgaeaqueous
extractwas1.45-foldhighercomparedtothatofgreenalgae.ThereducingpowerbyFRAPtest in
theallextractsandforbothalgaedidnotvarysignificantlyandapproximatestothatofgallicacid
(standard antioxidant). The phytochemical study for all samples revealed the presence of some
chemicalscompoundsasphenoliccompounds,saponosides,coumarins,andsterolsandtriterpenes
Inconclusion,theseseaweeds,particularlytheredone,wereconsideredasanimportantsourceof
biologicallyactivecompoundswhichcanbeused inhealth,especially inmitigatingoxidativestress
associatedwithcertainpathologies.
Keywords:UlvaLactuca,HalopithysIncurva,Anti-RadicalActivity,PhytochemicalScreening,
Polyphenols,DpphTest,FrapTest,OxidativeS
61
FOSTERINGINDUSTRIALSYMBIOSISFORASUSTAINABLERESOURCEINTENSIVEINDUSTRYACROSSTHEEXTENDEDCONSTRUCTION
VALUECHAIN
ATILLAYAZALa
aAKGGAZBETON
Abstract:
TheoverallobjectiveofFISSACproject is todevelopanddemonstrateanewparadigmbuiltonan
innovative industrial symbiosis model towards a zero waste approach in the resource intensive
industriesoftheconstructionvaluechain,tacklingharmonizedtechnologicalandnontechnological
requirements, leading to material closed-loop processes and moving to a circular economy. A
methodology and a software platform will be developed in order to implement the innovative
industrialsymbiosismodelinafeasiblescenarioofindustrialsymbiosissynergiesbetweenindustries
(steel, aluminium, natural stone, chemical and demolition and construction sectors) and
stakeholders in the extended construction value chain. It will guide how to overcome technical
barriersandnontechnicalbarriers,aswellasstandardisationconcernstoimplementandreplicate
industrialsymbiosisinalocal/regionaldimension.Theambitionofthemodelwillbetobereplicated
inotherregionsandothervaluechainssymbiosisscenarios.Themodelwillbeappliedbasedonthe
three sustainability pillars. FISSAC will demonstrate the applicability of the model as well as the
effectivenessoftheinnovativeprocesses,servicesandproductsatdifferentlevels:
- Manufacturing processes: with demonstration of closed loop recycling processes to transform
wasteintovaluablesecondaryrawmaterials,andmanufacturingprocessesofthenovelproductsat
industrialscale
-Productvalidation:withdemonstrationoftheeco-designofeco-innovativeconstructionproducts
(new Eco-Cement and Green Concrete, innovative ceramic tiles and Rubber Wood Plastic
Composites)inpre-industrialprocessesunderalifecycleapproach,anddemonstrationatrealscale
indifferentcasestudiesoftheapplicationandthetechnicalperformanceoftheproducts
-FISSACmodel,withthedemonstrationofthesoftwareplatformandreplicabilityassessmentofthe
modelthroughlivinglabconcept
Keywords:WasteManagement,IndustrialWaste,WasteRecycling
62
USEOFDINUCLEARMETALCOMPLEXESFORTHEREMOVALOFMETHYLENEBLUE
GUVENCGORGULUa,BULENTDEDEb
aMEHMETAKIFERSOYUNIVERSITY
bSULEYMANDEMIRELUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Synthetic dyes are mainly used in cosmetics, food and textile industry. Especially, textile waste
waterscontainhighamountofdyes,whichformsabarricadeforlighttopassunderwaterresulting
inthedecreaseinphotosyntheticlevels.Thisblockingcausesthedepletionofoxygenaffectingthe
life underwater negatively. Methylene blue meets all negative effects of dyes when used for
industrial purposes, beside its extensive use in biology, chemistry, medicine and agriculture. The
waste water removal ofmethylene blue becomes vital due to its negative effects. However, this
studyfocusesonthedyeremovalcapacityofmetalcomplexesthanthetypeofdye.
In this study, we investigated the dye removal capacity of dinuclear metal complexes. For this
purpose previously synthesized and characterized Cu(II)-Co(II), Cu(II)-Cu(II) and Cu(II)-Mn(II)
complexes of diimine-dioxime ligand are used to remove methylene blue as a cationic dye. The
methodprimarilybasedontheFentonreactionwhichcomprisestheoxidationofdyebyH2O2inthe
presenceofmetalions.Threedinuclearmetalcomplexesarecomparedintheirefficiencytoremove
methyleneblueinvaryingconditionsliketimeandtemperature.Theeffectofdyeconcentrationon
theremovalpercentageisalsoinvestigated.
Keywords:Decolorization,DyeRemoval,DinuclearMetalComplexes,MethyleneBlue
63
USINGENTOMOPATHOGENICFUNGIFORCONTROLOFBIODIVERSITY
MELTEMULUSOYa,NEVİNKESKİNb
aHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
bHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Biodiversity keeps ecosystems in balance and maintains the life. Turkey has got high rate of
biodiversitybecauseofitslocation,geographicalformationsandagroecologiczones.Theprotection
ofbiodiversityinagriculturalareasisanimportantissue.Pestswhichcausedamageonagricultural
products effect biodiversity negatively. The pests which their effect on crop losses under the
economicthresholdkeepthebiodiversity.Usingchemicalpesticideforpestscontrolhaveanegative
effects on ecosystems, and human health. For these reasons biological control is significant.
Especially,entomopathogenicfungiareparticularlypartofthebiologicalcontrol.Beauveriabassiana
abilitytoinfectedlotsofpests.B.bassianamostcommonentomopathogenicfungiinnature.
Inthisstudy6differentB.bassianastrainsandtheir3differentconcentrations(1x107,1x106,1x105
conidia/ml)wereappliedto larvaofagriculturalpestswhichnamesareLeptinotarsadecemlineata
and Tenebrio molitor. To prepare the spore solutions, B. bassiana cultivated SDAY medium and
incubated2weeksat28C.
Obtained data were analysed using SPSS 16 program. As a result of this study, three different
concentrationsofsixdifferentfungistrainshavebeensuccessfullyappliedontheTenebriomolitor
andLeptinotarsadecemlineata.Eachinsectspeciestestedonfungistrainsshoweddifferenteffects.
ConsideringtheLT50andLD50values,itwasfoundoutthatKVL03129andBolustrainsweremore
effectiveforT.molitor,andL.decemlineatawasmoreeffectivefortheKVL03129strain.Whenthe
average death times of B. bassiana strains experimented on different concentrations were
compared, itwas foundout that thehighest concentrationof each strainwas themost effective.
ConsideringB.bassianasporescanbeusedwidelythecontrolofthebiologicaldiversity.
Keywords:EntomopathogenicFungi,BeauveriaBassiana,BiodiversityProtection
64
INVESTIGATIONOFSOMECULTURALCONDITIONONBIOLOGICALDECOLORIZATIONOFBASICRED46BYSPIRULINAPLATENSIS
NAVIDYAKHDANSAZa,NILUFERAKSOZb
aHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
bHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Duetorapidindustrializationandurbanizationa lotofchemicals, includingdyesaremanufactured
andused indaily life.Wastewater fromtextile industriescreatesagreatpollutionproblemdueto
thedyecontent.
TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatethedecolorizationcapacityofSpirulinaplatensis.The
studywasperformedinZarroukmediaandasdyematerialanazo-dye,BasicRed46wasused.After
240 hour of incubation, the decolorization rate was estimated as %96.48. Optimum cultural
conditions for decolorization, such as incubation period, media pH, inoculum amount, dye
concentration,staticorrotationalincubation,wereinvestigated.ThedecolorizationofBasicRed46
wasdeterminedspectrophotometricallyat545nmwavelength.Thefollowingequationwasusedto
calculatethepercentageofdecolorization:
(%)=[(ODi─ODf)/ODi]×100]
Allexperimentswerecarriedoutfor240hours.WhiletheoptimalpHvalueforcolorremoverwas
detectedas9.0,inthe96thhouroftheincubationperiodandat40°C,thedecolorizationratewas
96.7%. For Basic Red 46 color remover, static incubationwasmore effectivewhen compared to
rotationalconditions.Inthisstudy,itwasalsodeterminedthat,anincreaseinthedyeconcentration
caused a decrease in decolorization. When initial dye concentration was 50 ppm, 97.2%
decolorizationat the240thhourof incubationwasobservedand in thesimilarexperimentperiod
with75, 100, 125 ve150ppmofdye concentrations, decolorizationeffetivenesswas recordedas
%93.05,%34.1,%32.4and%3respectively.
As a final result, it was detected that decolorization of Basic Red 46, with Spirulina platensis,
increasedwhentheincubationwasperformedunderoptimalconditions.
Keywords:Microalgae,DyeDecolorization,SpirulinaPlatensis,BasicRed46
65
ZOOPLANKTONSTUDIESINTHEBOKAKOTORSKABAY(SOUTHERNADRIATIC)–LARVAE
VERAVUKANICa,MURATSEZGINb
aSTATEUNIVERSITYOFNOVIPAZAR
bSINOPUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFFISHERIES;MARINEBIOLOGYANDECOLOGYDEPARTMENT
Abstract:
DatapresentedinthispaperareresultsofastudyperformedinperiodJanuary-December2010in
BokaKotorskaBay.Duringthatperiod,hydrographicparametersandzooplanktonwereintensively
sampledatsevenfixedstations.ThreeofthesestationswereplacedintheshallowpartoftheBay
near the shellfish farm, and four in the middle parts of each smaller bay that are part of
Bokokotorski Bay. The program and locality of stations in the studywere purposefully chosen to
enableathoroughstudy,yieldingnewdataonhydrographicconditionsandzooplanktonbiocenosis.
Theresultsarebasedontheyearlycycleofmonthlyseriesofzooplanktonsampling,aswellasthe
dataonphysical-chemicalconditionsofthesea.BokaKotorskaBayisarelativelyclosedpartofthe
sea,withspecific features suchas thepronounced influenceof surrounding landandan immense
influxoffreshwater.TheimpactoftheopenseaisstrongestinHercegnovskiBay,whiletowardthe
innerwatersofBokaKotorskaBay itgraduallydecreases.Thespecialecologicalconditions inBoka
KotorskaBayare reflectedon taxonomic structure,distributionandabundance,bothof individual
speciesandthezooplanktonasawhole.Resultsofthisresearchincludethebiologicalmonitoringat
theBay,basedonfollowingcertainspecieswithinthezooplanktonandthefunctionalattributesof
the ecosystem, plankton diversity and communities of zooplankton species. The combination of
collected data were used to define the ecosystem of the Bay and to determine the degree of
anthropogenic degradation within it. In this paper we present the hydrographic data of Boka
KotorskaBay,togetherwithdataonpresence,abundanceanddistributionofthelarvae:decapoda,
ophiurida,echinida,cirripedia,bivalvia,bipinaria,tornaria,auricularia,mitraria,naupliuslarvaeand
pisceslarvae.
Keywords:AdriaticSea,BokaKotorskaBay,Zooplankton,Larvae
66
SOMEPHYSIOLOGICALRESPONSESOFHAZELNUTTREESUNDERDRYCONDITIONS
SELCUKOZMENa
aDUZCEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
This study conducted to search some physiological responses such as leafwater potential (LWP),
stomatal conductance (gs)andphotosyntheticallyactive radiation (PAR)ofhazelnut trees (Corylus
avellana L.) under dry conditions in 2013 and 2014. At the same time, possible effects of those
physiological responses on hazelnut trees vs. soil water content (SWC) was investigated. Results
showedthatyearlyETofhazelnuttreeswashigherin2014than2013whileseasonalETofhazelnut
treeswashigherin2013than2014.Yield,LWPandgswerehigherin2014than2013whilePARand
SWCweremostlyhigher in2013 than2014. The relationshipsof linear regressionof LWP, gs and
PAR, and SWC effect on LWP, gs and PAR were very slightly. These differences could be due to
climatevariabilitysuchasprecipitationandtemperatureduring thestudiedyears.Therfore, itcan
bestatedthathazelnuttreesmayberequiredsupplement irrigation indrysummersuchas in the
yearof2013.Asaresult,itcanbefinalizedthathazelnuttreescanbegrownwell,evengivenormal
yield,inareaswhere950mmprecipitationhave.
Keywords:LeafWaterPotential,StomatalConductance,DryConditions,Hazelnut,BlackSea
67
FIXED-BED-COLUMNSTUDIESFORMETHYLENEBLUEREMOVALANDRECOVERYBYUNTREATEDCOFFEERESIDUES
ODYSSEASKOPSIDASa
aUNIVERSITYOFPIRAEUS
Abstract:
ThispapercontributestotheIndustrialEcologyconceptbyusingacommonurbansolidwaste,i.e.,
coffeeresidues,tocleanindustrialwastewaterspollutedbybasicdyes,e.g.,MethyleneBlue.Forthe
data from the continuous fixed-bed column system, two commonmodels, namely (a) Bohart and
Adamsand(b)Clark,wereimplemented.TheBohartandAdamscapacitywasuptoN=46166mgL-
1orq0=104.5mgg-1forbed-depth15cm,initialdyeconcentration800mgL-1andflowrate20
mL min-1. The results revealed that the Methylene Blue is fairly adsorbed on coffee residues.
Consequently,thisprocesscanbeappliedasalowcosttechniqueforcleaningbasicdyesfromthe
aquaticenvironment.
Keywords:Adsorption,Desorption,Column,MethyleneBlue,CoffeeResidues,Wastewaters
68
MEIOFAUNAASANENVIRONMENTALBIO-INDICATORINMARINEECOSYSTEMS
MURATSEZGINa,DERYAÜRKMEZb,VERAVUKANICc
aSINOPUNIVERSITYFACULTYOFFISHERIESDEPARTMENTOFMARINEBIOLOGY
bSINOPUNIVERSITYSCIENTIFICANDTECHNOLOGICALRESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONCENTER
(SUBITAM)
cDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGICALSCIENCES,FACULTYOFBIOLOGY,STATEUNIVERSITYNOVI
PAZAR
Abstract:
Metazooanmeiofauna are defined by their body size (44-1000 µm) and are themost diversified
element of the marine biota. The use of meiofauna as a biological indicator is a more recent
development than the utilization of macrofauna in the assessment and monitoring of aquatic
ecosystems. The advantages of the former are numerous and strongly emphasized by many
scientists,whilesomeoftheargumentstraditionallyadvancedagainsttheiruseunderlinedifficulties
in identification, thehighrateof sampling frequencyandthemicroscopicsizeof theseorganisms.
However,newtechnologiesandtools,suchasstandardizedmethodologies,electronicidentification
keys,molecularapproachesandthecreationofnewindices,currentlyallowforandpromotetheuse
ofmeiofauna in ecological studies.Whilst less is currently known aboutmeiofaunal responses to
pollutants,theyhavecertaininherentadvantagesoverthemacrofaunainthedeterminationofthe
biologicaleffectsofpollutantsatthecommunitylevel.Meiofaunalcommunitiesareinherentlymore
stable,bothqualitativelyandquantitatlvely,onaseasonalandyear-to-yearbasis,thanthoseofthe
macrofauna,anditisobviouslyeasiertomonitortemporalchangesincommunitystructurefroma
stableratherthanafluctuatingbaseline.Themeiofaunaareabundantanddiverseeveninhabitats,
such as estuaries, which are subjected to considerable natural physical and chemical stress and
where only a small numbers of macrofauna species occurs. This work has been supported by
bilateralmeiobenthosproject(TÜBİTAK-TheScientificandTechnologicalResearchCouncilofTurkey
andMoS-MinistryofScienceofMontenegro,projectnumber114Y376).
Keywords:Meiobenthos,Bio-Indicator,BlackSea
69
RELATIONOFBUILTANDNATURALENVIRONMENT'SEFFECTSONPUBLICHEALTH
MUHAMMEDFATİHÇETİNTAŞa
aARCHITECTURALDESIGNPROGRAMME,ARCHITECTURE,ARCHITECTURE,İSTANBUL
TECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Livingbeingsinteractedwitheachotherandbenefitfromnaturalresourcesinearth.Inlifebeings;
Whatishumanbeingsmainneedsafterrespiration?Wecanclassifyasthreepartsforhumanneeds:
• FoodandDrinkneeds,
• Shelterneeds,
• Wearingneeds.
Oneof the basic needs of humanitywith the housing needs of the industrial revolution and the
decreaseasa resultof theneed formanpowerwithmechanization,emergedurban conceptwith
theemigrationofruralareasandcitiesisplannedinanirregularmanneraspartofnature-without
harming theverynature insteadofdesigningnature-designed inneedof shelterand thecityhas
become the axis it consists of dense building blocks. Density of the built environment in the city
turnedintoaconcretejunglewithpopulationgrowthbycompletingdevelopmentcontinuestogrow
vertically with the technological advances in production systems. This text reference to the
ecological cycle is necessary for living things, it emphasized the importance of the natural
environment.Thedamagecausedtotheenvironmentofman-madedestructionofnatureisdevoted
todiseasesclassifiedandcouldleadtodamagehumanhealthbecauseoftheconcretionintermsof
thedestructionofnaturalenvironmentandincreasingthebuiltenvironmenteffectshumanhealth.
Inthispaper;therelationsbetweenecologiccycleandlife,builtenvironmentandlifewillresearch
according to relation of built environment and ecology and built environment will evaluate with
effectsofhumanhealth.Asamethod,literaturereviewanddiscourseanalysismethodwilluse.The
example of İstanbul will evaluate according to changing built environment and ecology ratio and
effectsofbuiltenvironmentonpublichealthwillbestate.
Keywords:Keywords:PublicHealth,BuiltEnvironment,Human,Ecology,Concretion.
70
TREATMENTOFBEVERAGESINDUSTRYWASTEWATERBYELECTROCOAGULATIONPROCESS
CEYHUNAKARSUa,YASINOZAYb,HASANATESc,NADIRDIZGEd
aMERSIN
bMERSİN
cMERSİNdMERSİN
Abstract:
Thisstudyaimedtodevelopaneasyandeconomictechniqueforbeverageswastewatertreatment
in order to obtain high quality treated effluent. A batch electrocoagulation study was conducted
usingironandaluminumelectrodes.Thestudieswereconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofvarious
operationalparametersonthetreatmentefficiency.Fe-Fe,Al-Al,Fe-Al,Al-Feelectrodewereusedas
anode and cathode. Al-Al providedmaximum COD removal efficiency. Applied voltage of 12.5 V,
spacingof2cmatapHof7.0,amaximumsolubleCODremovalefficiencyof60.5%Al-Alelectrode
wasobtainedafterareactiontimeof120min.
Keywords:Electrocoagulation,BeveragesIndustryWastewater
71
ADVANCEDELECTRODESFORVANADIUMREDOXFLOWCELLSBASEDONMODIFIEDCARBONNANOWALLS
MIHAIIORDOCa,TEISANUALEXANDRUb,VIZIREANUSORINc,BARBUPAULAd
aNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
bNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
cNATIONALINSTITUTEFORLASER,PLASMAANDRADIATIONPHYSICS,MAGURELE,
BUCHARESTdNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
Abstract:
An advanced electrode, designed for vanadium redox flow cells, with improved wettability, was
obtained by PECVD, in mixed plasma (Ar, H2 and C2H2) on carbon paper (Toray). The plasma
deposition, driven in certain condition, conduct to vertical aligned carbon nanowalls, which are
furthermodifiedusingnitrogenoroxygenplasma.The resultingcarbonstructurecontainspyrrole
derivates, when nitrogen plasma is involved, respectively oxygen derivates, such as hydroxyl,
carbonyl and carboxyl (XPS measurements), with a higher wettability then unmodified carbon
nanowallsstructures.Themeasurementofwettabilitywasperformedviacontactangletechnique,
usingaselfmadedevicebasedonamicroscopeCCDcamera.
Also, informationregardingtheratioofthewettablespecificsurfacewasgivenbyelectrochemical
measurements such as EIS, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, with good results.
Electrochemicalmeasurementswerecarriedoutin3MH2SO4+1.5M(VO)SO4electrolyteatroom
temperature.Themeasurementcellconsistsintwocompartmentsseparatedbyaprotonexchange
membrane(PEM).Thecurrentcollectorsweremadefromcarbonfelt,placed incontactwithPEM
and theelectrolyte flowwasassuredby two independentperistalticpumps. The results indicated
that theelectrochemicalactivity shownbetter result for the samplesexposed tonitrogenplasma,
compared with those which were modified by exposing on oxygen plasma and with those
unmodified.
Keywords:CarbonNanowalls,VanadiumRedoxFlowBattery,Eis,Wettability,PlasmaModified
Electrode
72
INVESTIGATIONOFMICROBIALQUALITYANDTOXICITYOFINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERTREATEDWITHMEMBRANEFILTRATION
TUGBATOPBASa,SIDIKATUGCEDAGLIOGLUb,CANERVURALc,GUVENOZDEMIR,NALANKABAYd
aEGEUNIVERSITYSCIENCEFACULTYDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY
bEGEUNIVERSITYRESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONCENTERFORENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS
cEGEUNIVERSITYSCIENCEFACULTYDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGYdEGEUNIVERSITYSCIENCEFACULTYDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY/EGEUNIVERSITY
ENGINEERINGFACULTYCHEMICALENGINEERING
Abstract:
In this study, the microbial quality and toxicity of inlet and effluent water of MBR treated
wastewaterwas investigated. Also, post-treatedMBR effluents by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse
osmosis(RO)weremonitored.
PlateCountAgarmethodwasusedforcountingtotalaerobicmesophilicbacteriainwatersamples.
The results are evaluated in accordance with the range of 30-300 bacteria count and given as
cfu/mL. Multiple-tube fermentation test was used for total coliforms, total fecal coliforms, fecal
streptococcusandClostridiumsp.analysis.Theresultsobtainedwereinterpretedinaccordancewith
MostProbablyNumber(MPN)method.Microtox(Vibriofischeri)wasusedfortoxicityanalyses.
Averageresults forMBRinlet (S1),MBReffluent(S2),MBR+NFeffluent(S3),mixtureofMBR+RO
effluents(S4)wereasfollows:
1.Totalaerobicmesophilicbacteria;1.0×107(S1),2.3×103(S2),1.0×103(S3),6.8×103(S4)(cfu/mL)
2.Totalcoliforms;3.4×106(S1),2.8×103(S2),4.7×100(S3),4.0×102(S4)(mpn/100mL)
3.Fecaltotalcoliforms;7.6×105(S1),3.6×102(S2),1.0×100(S3),1.5×101(S4)(mpn/100mL)
4.Fecalstreptococcus;9.3×105(S1),1.1×102(S2),0(S3),7.7×100(S4)(mpn/100mL)
5.Clostridiumsp.2.4×105(S1),7.7×101(S2),0(S3),0(S4)(mpn/100mL)
The treatment of wastewater by various membrane processes affect its microbial quality and
toxicity.Suchevaluationisneededifthetreatedwaterwillbeconsideredforreuseinirrigation.
Acknowledgement: We acknowledge TUBİTAK (Project no. 114Y500) and ITOB-OSB for their
supports.
Keywords:MembraneBioreactor,MicrobialQuality,Toxicity,WastewaterTreatment
73
FLUORIDETOXICITYONHEMATOLOGICALPARAMETERSINNILFISH(OREOCHROMISNILOTICUS)
AHMETTURANALADAĞa,HIKMETY.ÇOĞUNb,ÖZGETEMİZc,TUZUNAYTEKINd,FERITKARGINe
aREPUBLICOFTURKEYMINISTRYOFNATIONALEDUCATIONMEHMETAKIFERSOYPRIMARY
SCHOOL,CEYHAN,ADANA,TURKEY
bCUKUROVAUNIVERSITY,CEYHANVETERINARIANFACULTY,PHYSIOLOGYDEP.ADANA,
TURKEY
cCUKUROVAUNIVERSITY,SCIENCEANDARTFACULTY,BIOLOGYDEP.ADANA,TURKEYdVOCATIONALSCHOOLOFIMAMOGLU,CUKUROVAUNIVERSITY,01700ADANA,TURKEYeCUKUROVAUNIVERSITY,SCIENCEANDARTFACULTY,BIOLOGYDEP.ADANA,TURKEY
Abstract:
Fluoride is highly mobile and non-metallic toxic element of aquatic systems. The hematologic
parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct) of Nil fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated. In this
experiment, fishwereexposed sublethal fluoride concentrations (1 and10mg/L) for 24–48–72h.
The hematologic parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb and Hct) were analyzed by spectrophotometric
methods. In this study,whitebloodcells (WBC), redbloodcells (RBC)andhematocritvalues (Hct)
shown a decrease in 10 mg/L fluoride concentration (p <0.01) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The most
decreaseofthesehasbeenthewhitebloodcells(WBC)in10mg/Lat72h.
Keywords:Fluoride,Blood,OreochromisNiloticus,Toxicity
74
EFFECTOFDRYINGTECHNIQUESONVIABILITYANDBIODEGRADATIONACTIVITYOFPSEUDOMONASSP.
BASRIAKSUa,DIDEMEROĞLUbc,BURÇINKARABEYb,GÜVENÖZDEMIRb
aEGEUNIVERSITY,RESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONCENTREOFENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMS,
BORNOVA,IZMIR,TURKEY
bEGEUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFSCIENCE,DEPT.OFBIOLOGY,BASICANDINDUSTRIAL
MICROBIOLOGYSECTION,BORNOVA,IZMIR,TURKEY
cEGEUNIVERSITYAPPLICATIONANDRESEARCHCENTERFORTESTINGANDANALYSIS,İZMIR,TURKEY
Abstract:
Pseudomonassp.whichusedhydrocarbonbiodegradationofwastewaterwasisolatedactivesludge
of wastewater treatment unit of petrochemical wastewater plant. Freeze-drying is a commonly
usedmethodtopreservebacteria,inresearchaswellasinindustry.Thisstudiedwascomparative
effectofdifferentprotectiveagentsandlyophilizationtechniquesonPseudomanassp.viabilityand
biodegradationactivityafterlyophilization.
Pseudomonasspwasculturedwith50mlNutrientBrothmediumin250mlconicalflaskat27ºCand
150 rpm. The bacterial cells harvested by centrifugation (10000 rpm 3min) and were added in
lyophilization vials with sterile protective agents: skim milk, sucrose, silica individually and in
combination. Vialswerekept24hoursat -80ºC for freezedryingmethod ,+4ºC for liquiddrying
methods.Afterovernightstorageinthefreezer,samplesweredesiccatedinanLabconcoFreeZone6
frezedryeratacondensertemperature-40ºC,andatachamberpressure<0.1mbarfor48h.After
lyophilizationthesamples(1.-3.-5.-15.-30.weeks)werebroughttotheiroriginalvolumewithsterile
Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and incubated at room temperature for 15 min.Serial dilutions
wereplatedonPlateCountAgar(PCA)andmeasuredbiodegradationactivityofHPLC.Thebacteria
was supplemented with single hydrocarbon compound as sole carbon source (100mg /L TA) in
Bushnell–HassBrothandmeasuredbiodegradationactivityofHPLC.
Theinitialconcentrationusedwas2x10⁸cfu/ml.BacterialsurvivalratesshowedthatPseudomonas
sp.withskimmilkasprotectivemediumcouldstillreach1,5x106at4ºCafter30week.
BiodegradationactivityofPseudomonas sp. remained samebeforeandafter lyophilization. Itwas
showedthatthedegradationratiosofterephthalicacidthatistheinitialconcentrationof100mg/L
was100%after7hours.
Acknowledgements : This work was funded by the research project SANTEZ-00719 STZ 2014 of
RepublicofTurkey,MinistryofScience,IndustryofTechnology
Keywords:FreezeDrying,LiquidDrying,ProtectiveAgents,Biodegradation,PseudomonasSp.
75
OBTAININGSTABILIZEDINOCULATIONCULTUREFORPETROCHEMICALINDUSTRYWASTEWATERTREATMENT
HURSELCAYa,TAYYIBEALPAYa,BURCINKARABEYa,BIKEOGUNLUab,DIDEMEROGLUa,BASRIAKSUa,CANERVURALa,GUVENOZDEMIRa
aEGEUNIVERSITY,FACULTYOFSCINECE,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,35100,BORNOVA,
IZMIR,TURKEY
bPETKIMPETROCHEMICALHOLDINGINC.,D:12,35800ALIAGA/IZMIR,TURKEY
Abstract:
Biologicalwastewater treatmenthasbeenusedona large scale since the19thcentury.However,
the demands and requirements imposed on a wastewater treatment system have broadened
significantly over the years from pathogen removal, reduction of organic carbon, removal of
inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous compounds to the degradation of recalcitrant xenobiotic
compounds.Theestablishmentofamicrobialcommunitycapableofeffectivexenobioticremovalis
often impairedbyslowor lackingadaptationofanexistingsludgetothecompound,accompanied
bybreakdownofN-,P-,andC-removalandlossofsettleability.Bioaugmentation,theintroductionof
newmetabolic functions by the addition of bacteria or genetic information, is a possible way to
overcometheseproblems.Amajorobstacletosuccessfulbioaugmentationistheofteninsufficient
establishmentofthedesiredfunctionswithinthecommunity.
Inthisstudy,microorganismswhichhavehighcapacityofdegradingvarioushydrocarbonssuchas
terephthalic acid, p-Toluic acid, 4-cba were isolated from sludge which taken from PETKIM
PetrochemicalHolding Inc. In order to identify themicroorganisms16srDNAPCRwas carriedout.
BiodegredationcapacityofmicroorganismswasmeasuredinHPLCbycreatingstandartcurvegraphs
for each chemical. Inorder to long termpreservationofmicroorganisms, liquiddrying and freeze
drying lyophylization methods were performed. Results obtained after one week and a month,
number of viable microorganisms was in desirable range . By the end of this study we aim to
preservemorestable,activemicrıoorganismswithhighcapacityandlongshelflife.
Acknowledgements:This work was funded by the research project SANTEZ-00719 STZ 2014-of Republic of Turkey,MinistryofScience,IndustryofTechnology.
Keywords:PTA,Biodegredation,WastewaterTreatment,Sludge,Bioaugmentation,Hydrocarbons,Lyophylization
76
CONSUMERBEHAVIORINTHERECYCLINGOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICWASTE:THECASEOFSIVAS
İLKNURŞENTÜRKa
aCUMHURIYETUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Inrecentyears,asaninevitableconsequenceofthetechnologicaladvanceshasincreasedelectrical
and electronic equipment consumption in the world. And this waste electrical and electronic (e-
waste)equipmentproblemshavebeencometogether.
Thee-wastescontaincertainheavymetalssuchasmercury,lead,cadmium,chromiumetc.andCFC,
PCB, PVC, halogenated compounds, asbestos and arsenic. They require substantial precautions in
disposal stage. E-waste problem becomes even greater when we consider that large space they
occupyandthetoxicsubstancesinthem.Today,collectinge-wastetorecycleandtorecoverheavy
metals in them under healthy conditions is also important for environment and human health.
However,atthispoint,boththemanufacturers’andend-users’shouldbemoresensitive.
Thisstudywasconductedonthebasisofendusers’awarenessofe-wastewithasurveyconducted
intheSivas.Facetofacesurveytechniquewasappliedtoindividuals.Itwasworkedwithatotalof
100peopleinthecentralofSivas.Surveyworkwasmadeinthestreetwith23%,athomewith42%,
intheworkplacewith35%ofindividuals.
Attheresultofsurveywhichisappliedtolearnconsumptiontendencyrelatedtotheelectronicand
electricalequipment’sandwaste inSivas.Wesawthatconsumershaven’tasufficient information
aboutelectronic andelectrical equipments. Ifwemake informed to theusers about subject, they
willcontributehighlytotheelectronicandelectricequipment’srecycling.Andasaresultofthis,itis
thought that important addition will be gained to save natural resources and national wealth. It
appears thatasa result, in thecitycenterofSivasnot reachedthedesired levelofelectronicand
electricalequipment’srecyclingandrecoveringactivitiesyet.Only15%oftheindividualsgivetothe
relevantplacestorecyclee-wastes.
Keywords:WasteManagement,ElectricalAndElectronicWaste,Recovery/Recycling
77
COMPARATIVESTUDYREGARDINGPOWERDENSITYINREDOXFLOWCELLVERSUSELECTROLYTECOMPOSITION
ALEXANDRUTEISANUa,MIHAIIORDOCb,PAULABARBUc
aNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
bNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
cNATIONALINSTITUTEFORLASER,PLASMAANDRADIATIONPHYSICS,MAGURELE,
BUCHAREST
Abstract:
Astudyregardingincreasingpowerdensityinredoxflowcellviaenhancingthesolubilityof(VO)SO4
usingdifferentadditions in formof ionicelectrolyte,wasperformed for standardvanadiumredox
flow using electrochemical methods (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-EIS, cyclic
voltammetry,chronoamperometry)infullcellconfiguration.Themeasurementcellconsistsintwo
compartmentsseparatedbyaprotonexchangemembrane(PEM).Thecurrentcollectorsweremade
from carbon felt, placed in contact with PEM and the electrolyte flow was assured by two
independentperistalticpumps.Theelectrochemicalmeasurementswereconductedtoestablishthe
optimal proportion between the components of the electrolyte and the influence of hydrochloric
acidoverthe intrinsicperformanceof thecell,comparedwithstandard(VO)SO4,sulfuricacidand
water.Also,electrochemicalmeasurementsaimtoestablishthelongterminfluenceofhydrochloric
acid over membrane properties, in order to trade between these two electrolytes for certain
application.
From the comparative study regarding the electrolyte composition, the best result was obtained
from3MH2SO4and3MHCl,inwhichthesolubilityof(VO)SO4increasedfrom1.5Mupto2.5M.
Usingthisimprovedelectrolyte,thepowerdensityincreasedfrom20W/lupto53W/l.
The long term influence of the hydrochloric acid over themembrane properties is still subject of
experimentalstudy.
Keywords:PowerDensity;VanadiumRedoxFlow;ElectrolyteComposition;ProtonExchange
Membrane;VanadylSulfateSolubility
78
STUDYREGARDINGPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEEFFICIENCYINVANADIUMREDOXFLOWCELL
BARBUPAULAa,MIHAIIORDOCb,ALEXANDRUTEISANUc
aNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
bNATIONALINSTITUTEFORRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTINELECTRICALENGINEERING
INCDIEICPE-CA,BUCHAREST
cNATIONALINSTITUTEFORLASER,PLASMAANDRADIATIONPHYSICS,MAGURELE,
BUCHAREST
Abstract:
Aprocedure forprotonexchangemembrane (PEM), basedof fluorinatedpolymers activation and
chronoamperometricandEISmeasurementinadedicatedvanadiumredoxflowcellisdescribed.In
order toactivatePEM,differentprocedureswereapplied, starting fromdriedpolymer,up to fully
prepared material. The activation procedure has two major steps, starting from dried polymer,
which are, membrane hydration, sulfation using a mixture of pure sulfuric acid and oxygenated
water,atboilingtemperature.Thestudyaimtoestablishthebestactivationprocedureinorderto
fulfill theconditionregardingprotonexchangecapacityrelatedto(VO)SO4basedelectrolytes.The
measurementcellconsistsintwocompartmentsseparatedbyaprotonexchangemembrane(PEM).
Thecurrentcollectorsweremadefromcarbonfelt,placedincontactwithPEMandtheelectrolyte
flow was assured by two independent peristaltic pumps. The electrochemical measurements are
conducted so to establish the membrane dynamic electrical resistance as part of total internal
electrical resistanceof the flowcell, toallow furtheruseof collecteddata in calculusof industrial
devices. Also these measurements aim establish the maximum surface current density and to
evaluatethePEMdegradationversustimeandgivealifetimeprediction.Thelongtermdegradation
oftheprotonicconductivityisstillsubjectofexperimentalstudy.
Keywords:ProtonExchangeMembrane;RedoxFlowCell,MembraneActivation,VanadylSulfate
79
ASOCIALECOLOGICALCOLLABORATION:CYCLINGGROUPS
SEDANURGUNDUZa
aISTANBULTECHNICALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Inthelastdecade,themeaningofcyclinghasbeenchangedbycyclinggroups.Whilethebicyclewas
usedasatransportationvehicleorforsports,nowadayscyclistsgroupsinthecitiesuseitasasocial
tool.Notonlythebicycleisbeneficialforthenature,butalsohasstartedtoserveTheSocialEcology
Theory ofMurray Bookchin. Hismain idea was that the environmental problemswhich we have
been facing after the industrial evolution can be solved by being allied. In addition,this is why
Murray Bookchin calls this alliance social ecology. So in this paper, relationships and similarities
betweensocialecologyandcyclinggroupswillbeexamined.
Purpose of this paper is to pose that cycling is one of the first steps, that provides solutions for
healingthenature.Anotherimportantobjectiveis,emphasizingthatcollaboratingforournatureis
actuallyasunlabouredascyclingtogether.Havingsaidthat,themainpurposeisacknowledgingthat
cyclinggroupshasjuststartedtosavethenaturebytheircollaborationasmentionedinthetheory.
Inordertoconducttheresearch,chosenmethodsconsistof literatureresearchandcasestudy.As
the literature researchwillprovide somegeneral informationaboutTheTheoryOfSocialEcology,
bicycle and cycling groups, the case studieswill consist of a questionnaire thatwill be donewith
cyclists and examining the known cycling group "Critical Mass". The questionnaire will measure
environmental awareness and knowledge level of what cyclists theirselves do. In addition, by
examining theCriticalMass, relationshipsandsimilaritiesbetween themain ideasofCriticalMass
andthetheoryofsocialecologywillbescrutinized.Aftercompletingalltheresearchsteps,personal
opinionswillbeprovidedandpossiblequestionswillbeelucidated.
Keywords:SocialEcology,CyclingGroups,Cyclists,Bicycle,Environment
80
DETERMINATIONOFSOMETRITICALEVARIETIESFORPHOSPHORUSANDPROTEINCONTENTSINSIIRTPROVINCE
ADNANÖZTÜRKa,FATHÇIĞb
aSIIRTUNIVERSITY
bSIIRTUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Thisstudywascarriedouttodeterminethephosphorusandproteincontentsof7differenttriticale
varieties (Egeyıldızı, Alperbey, Mikham 2002, Karma 2000, Tatlıcak-97, Ümran Hanım and Melez
2001)inSiirtecologicalconditionsin2014-2015growingseason.Thestudywasconductedinasplit
plotexperimentaldesignwiththreereplications.
In the study phosphorus and protein values of seedswere investigated. According to the results,
statisticallysignificantdifferenceswereobservedamongtriticalevarietiesinpropertiesanalyzed.In
thestudyphosphorusandproteincontentschangedbetweenrespectively0.107-0.287%and10.2-
12.1%.Thehighestproteincontentwas foundedas12.1% inKarma2000varietyandthe lowest
wasfoundedas10.2%inAlperbeyvariety.Andalsothehighestphosphoruscontentwasobtained
as0.287%inKarma2000andthelowestwasfoundedas0.107%inMikham-2002varieties.
Accordingtoresults,boththehighestphosphorusandproteincontentswerefoundinKarma2000
variety. Karma 2000 variety could be considered a hopeful triticale variety in Siirt province for
phosphorusandproteincontents.
Keywords:Cereal,Triticale,Phosphorus,Protein
81
PHYTOREMEDIATIONCAPACITYOFWOODSPECIESONURBANROADSIDEINVANPROVINCE
Ga,FÜSUNGÜLSERb,GÜLÇINAYBAŞDOĞANc,FERITSÖNMEZd
aSIIRTUNIVERSITY
bYÜZÜNCÜYILUNIVERSITY
cYÜZÜNCÜYILUNIVERSITYdABANTİZZETBAYSALUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Phytoremediationisrecognizedaninnovativebiologicaltechniquetoreclaimlandcontaminatedby
heavymetalsandotherpollutants.
The researches in this field are generally conducted using hyper accumulator plants. In this study
heavy metal pollution due to traffic in the leaves of four tree species (Thuja orientalis, Platanus
orientalis,RobiniapseudoacaciaUmbracuiferaandCupressusarizonica)growingonurbanroadside
wasinvestigated.Leafsamplesofthetreespeciesweretakenfromtheroadsideareaaffectedheavy
metal pollution due to intensive motorrized traffic and from coastal areas far away from the
intensivetraffic.
Zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium concentrations were determined in leaf samples. The significant
differences(p<0.01)amongtheplantspecieswerefoundaccordingtoZn,Ni,PbandCdcontentsof
leaves. There were also significant differences (p<0.01) among locations for Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd
contentsofleaves.Interactionsbetweenlocationsandtreespecieswerealsosignificant(p<0.01).
ThehighestZn,NiandPbcontentswereobtainedas44.36mgkg-1,6.33mgkg-1and4.76mgkg-1
inRobiniapseudoacaciaUmbracuifera.
The highest Cd contents were found as 0.52 mg kg-1, 0.51 mg kg-1 and 0.50 mg kg-1. In Thuja
orientalis,RobiniapseudoacaciaUmbracuiferaandCupressusarizonicarespectively.
The heavymetal contents of leave belong to tree species in roadsideswere higher than those in
coastalareafarawayfromintensivetraffic.
Keywords:Accumulation,HeavyMetals,Phytoremediation,TreeSpecies
82
CLEANENERGYPRODUCTIONUSINGMICROBIALFUELCELLS(MFC)ANDWHITEROTFUNGI
NEVINKESKINa,ERKAYÖZGÖRb
aHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
bHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Nowadays, the growing need for energy with developing technology has caused to the rapid
exhaustion of natural energy sources. This problem have led to the search for alternative energy
sources. One of these alternative energy sources is Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC). MFC is a system
capable of converting chemical energy directly into electrical energy with the help of
microorganisms in theorganicwastes.MFC'swhichwork dependingon electrochemical reactions
usually consist of a membrane and anode-cathode compartments. In this study, organic matter
removalandpowergenerationareprovidedfromsyntheticwastewaterwithtwo-chamberreactor.
Carbonpaperwasusedas theanodeand cathodeportionof theelectrodewhenanionexchange
membrane (Nafion117)wasusedasamembrane.Thebacteriaused for theanodecompartment
were obtained by passaging from samples taken under the ground and foodwaste and synthetic
wastewater is formed inananodecompartment.Nitrogengaswasgivenwithapumptoprovide
anaerobicconditions in theanodecompartmentand itwasallowedtostircontinuously.Trametes
versicolor used in the cathode chamber is produced in Complete Yeast Medium agar and then
mycelium forms were obtained in minimal agar. These mycelium were placed on the cathode
compartmentandoxygenhasbeensupplied.ThisMFCsystemwasattachedtoaflowmeter(Fluke
289TrueRMSMultimeter)using1Ωexternalresistorandelectricalefficiencyanalysiswasmadewith
asoftwareprogram.Accordingtotheresults,itwasobtainedapproximately15mVenergywiththis
system. In this study, it was clearly seen that when the COD (Chemical oxygen demand)
concentrationofsystemhasincreased,voltageproductionhasalsoincreased.AlthoughMFCreactor
issmallbyvolume,itisthoughtthatthesamesizeoftheelectrodeandmembranesurfaceareahas
affectedelectricityproductionperformancepositively.
Keywords:MicrobialFuelCells,TrametesVersicolor,CleanEnergyProduction
83
THEEFFECTSOFNITRITEONHEMATOLOGICALPARAMETERSOFNILTILAPIA(OREOCHROMISNILOTICUSLINNAEUS,1758)
HIKMETYETERCOGUNa,FERITKARGINb
aCUKUROVAUNIVERSITY
bCUKUROVAUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Themainobjectiveof thisstudy is todeterminetheeffectsofhematologicalparametersofnitrite
concentrationsonOreochromisniloticus.Fishwereexposedtoacutenitrite(0.1,1.0and5.0mg/L)
at24hoursand96hours,respectively.Bloodsamplesfromfishwereanalyzed inorderto identify
and evaluate changes in the hematological parameters (Hct, Hb, RBC and WBC). Autoanalyser
spectrophotometricmethodswere used in determining all blood parameters.When compared to
controlfish,themostincreaseinhematologicalparameterswasfoundinHctandWBCcofallnitrite
concentrationsat24hoursand96hours,butHbandRBCcdecreased inall concentrations. Inour
study, bloodparameters indicated thatO. niloticuswere sensitive to thedistributionofnitriteon
aquaticsystems.
ThisstudywassupportedbyaresearchprojectfromtheUniversityofÇukurova,ScientificResearch
ProjectsDepartment(ProjectNumber:FBA-2014-2722)
Keywords:HematologyParameters,OrochromisNiloticus,Nitrite
84
EFFECTSOFSALT,IONICANDOSMOTICSTRESSONGERMINATIONANDPHYSIOLOGICALPARAMETERSOFTRANSGENICTOBACCO
PLANTSCARRYINGTANAC69-1GENE
AYTENEROĞLUa
aYUZUNCUYILUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Environmental stresses such as drought and salinity greatly affect plant production leading to
reductioninyieldandquality.Stresstolerantplantscanberapidlyproducedbytransferringstress
relatedgenesortranscriptionfactorstocropplants.Inthisstudy,saltandosmoticstressresponse
of transgenic tobaccoplantscarryingTaNAC69-1genewereexaminedbyusingsomephysiological
assays.
Seedsofwildtypeandtransgenictobaccoplantsweregerminatedonmediumcontaining250mM
NaClforsaltstress,300mMmannitolforosmoticand100mMLiClforionicstress.Germinationand
survivalratesofplantleswererecordedafter7and14daysrespectively.Forcontrol,MSmediawas
used. Plantles germinated on control media were transferred to control, NaCl, LiCl andmannitol
includingmedium.After 30 days, root and shoot lengths, and freshweightsweremeasured. For
rootandshootdryweightmeasurements,rootandshootofplantletswerekeptinanovenat60C
for2days.
Germinationandsurvivalratesoftransgenictobaccoseedsweresignificantlyhigherthanwildtype
seedswhensubjectedtoNaClandLiCltreatment.Rootandshootlengths,freshanddryweightsof
transgenicplantssignificantlyincreasedwhencomparedtowildtypeplantswithapplicationofNaCl
andLiCl.Ontheotherhandtherewasnodifferencebetweengrowthparametersofwildtypeand
transgeniclineswithmannitoltreatment.
According to physiological analysis, overexpression of TaNAC69-1 gene increased salt and ionic
stresstoleranceoftransgenictobaccoplants.
Keywords:Tanac69-1,TransgenicTobacco,AbioticStress,Germination,PlantPhysiology
85
SHORT-TERMEFFECTOFNANOPARTICLESZNOANDTIO2ONDAPHNIAMAGNA
DIDEMGÖKÇEa
aLIMNOLOGYRESEARCHLABORATORY,DEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,INONUUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
ItisestimatedthatamonginorganicnanomaterialsthehighestproductionischaracteristicofnpZnO
and npTiO2. The growing scale of production of NPs involves the risk of their release into the
environment.Asprimaryconsumers,zooplanktonplaysakeyroleinaquaticecosystems.D.magna,
beingsensitivetopollutants,areexcellentaquaticmodelsandbeingwidespreadinlakesiseasyto
culture.
Acuteassayswereperformed50mLoftestsolutions.Randomlysixindividuals-neonates(<24h-old)
weredividedpergroupsofnpTiO2(0.1,1,5,10and50mgL-1),npZnO(0.1,1,5,10and50mgL-1),
cocktail concentration (25ml of 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 50mgL-1 npTiO2 and same volume and same
concentrationofnpZnOinglassbeakers)andcontrol.Threereplicatesexperimentswereperformed
for each concentration and control groups. D.magnawere not fed for the duration of the acute
experiments.Survivorship(lx)datawereevaluatedbetweendifferentgroupsofcocktail,npTiO2and
npZnO.
Inthisstudy,tolerancecapacitiestochangenanoparticleszincoxide(npZnO)andtitaniumdioxide
(npTiO2) levels ofD.magna species is very important to reflect possible changes occurring in the
ecosystem.Theaimofthisstudyistopresentthecurrentstateofknowledgeregardingtheeffects
ofnanoparticleon lifeparametersof the freshwatercrustaceans,Daphniamagna.Thedifferences
betweennpTiO2andnpZnOconcentrationsandsurvivorshiprateofD.magnawereevaluatingusing
Tukey’stest.
Consequently, as npTiO2, npZnO and mixture concentration increased, mortality rates were
increased.Only, individuals incontroland0.1groups livedendofthe4thday.Theseeffectson its
ownwereproducedareductioninpopulationgrowthrateduringshort-term.
Keywords:Acute,DaphniaMagna,Nanoparticle,TitaniumDioxide,Tolerance,ZincOxide
86
SEASONALDISTRUBITIONOFFISHSPECIESINARECENTINDUSTRIALFISHINGBANAREA
SERDARAKSANa,HALIMAYTEKINERGÜLb
aKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
bKOCAELIUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Atotalof26differentfishspeciesidentifiedduringthestudy.Highestvaluesforbothindexeswere
calculatedfor2014falland2015IntensealgalbloomsoccurredonbothAprilof2014andNovember
of2015 inThe İzmitBay.Also several fishdeathswere reported fromdifferentplacesamong the
coast of İzmit Bay after the algal bloom on November 2015. Therefore, low values in diversity
indexes from 2014 spring and 2015 fall sampling periods are most likely connected to the algal
blooms which happened in the region in winter sampling periods. Lowest index values and also
lowestEvenness(E)valueswerecalculatedfor2014springand2015fall.
Keywords:IzmitBay,Fish,Biodiversity,Shannon-WienerIndex,SipmsonIndex
87
DECOLORIZATONOFINDUSTRIALTEXTILEDYESBYPHANEROCHAETECHRYSOSPORIUM
NEVINKESKINa,ZEYNEPKEVSERIĞDEb
aHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
bHACETTEPEUNIVERSITY
Abstract:
Industrialcolourfulwastewaterscauseseriousenvironmentalpollutioninmanypartsoftheworld.
Synthetic azo dyes are extensively used in textile industry and are not easily degraded into the
environmentduetotheircomplexstructure.
Colourinwastewaterishighlyvisibleandaffectsesthetics,watertransparencyandgassolubilityin
water bodies, and especially because many dyes are made from known carcinogens , dye
wastewatershavetobetreated.Furthermore,photosyntheticactivityalsoadverselyaffected.
Dye wastewater is usually treated by phsical and chemical treatment processes. However, these
technologies are usually ineficcient in the removal of colour, costly and little adaptable to awide
rangeofdyewastewaters.
Inrecentyears,anumberofstudieshavefocusedonsomemicroorganisms(fungi,algae,bacteria)
whicharebiodegradeandbiosorbdyesinwastewaters.Watertreatmentwithbiologicalmethodsis
moreeffectiveaswellasbeingeconomic.
Inthisstudy,decolourizationofReactiveBlack5,ReactiveGreen,ReactiveBrownandSolochrome
BlackareinvestigatedbyusingPhanerochacaetechrysosporium.Asaresultofthecomparison
ofdecolorizationpercentage,ReactiveBlack5hadthehighestrateas92,5%.So,investigationswere
proceededwithReactiveBlack5.Optimumphysiological conditionswere investigatedwith3-days
old cultures fordecolorizationoccurs in3days.Highpercentageswereachieved inglucose, xylose
and starch as carbon resource.MicroorganismsdecolorizewithusingNaNO3, yeast andnitrogen-
free inthepercentageof95%,%96and98%asanitrogenresource. Inadditiontodeterminethe
optimumpH is4,5 ,decolorization isnoteffected from low temperature,andhoweverdecreased
decolorizationratewasobservedwhenthetemperatureincreasedover40C.
Thisstudyisfocusedonthefungaldecolorizationofazodyes.
Keywords:Microorganisms,TextileDyes,PhanerocheateChrysosporium
88
EFFECTSOFLONG-CHAINPOLYUNSATURATEDω3ANDCONJUGATEDLINOLEICACIDONINSULINRESISTANCE,HYPERTENSIONANDKIDNEY
OXIDATIVESTRESSINFRUCTOSE-FEDRATS
AITYAHIADALILAa,MALAISSEWILLYJb
aUNIVERSITED’ORAN1AHMEDENEBELLA,BP1524ELM’NAOUER,ESSENIA,ORAN,ALGERIE
bUNIVERSITELIBREDEBRUXELLES,DEPARTEMENTDEBIOCHIMIE,ROUTEDELENNIK808,B–
1070BRUXELLES,BELGIQUE
Abstract:
Theaimofthestudywastoexplorethecapacityofω3orCLAsupplementationtoimproveinsulin
resistance,hypertensionandkidneyoxidativestressinanimalmodelofmetabolicsyndromeinduced
byahighfructosediet(64%).
Twenty four femaleWistar ratswereexposedtodietscontainingeither64%(w/w)starchand5%
sunfloweroil(C)or64%fructose(F),64%fructoseenrichedby1.6%polyunsaturatedfattyacidsω3
(F-ω3),or64%fructoseenrichedby1.6%conjugatedlinoleicacids(F-CLA)during2months.Fasting
glucose,insulin,lipids,glucosetolerancetestandkidneyoxidativeparametersweremeasured.
Fructosedietledtothedevelopmentofobesity,hypertensionandglucosetolerancedeterioration,
despite a decrease in food and caloric intake caused by high leptinemia. An increase in HbA1C,
plasmaTG,TC,urea,creatinineandkidneyTBARSandhydroperoxidesandadecrease inNO,SOD
andCATerewobserved inF rats.Administrationofω3 improvedthe insulin resistance,decreased
plasmaglucose,HbA1C,TGandTCfollowedbydecreasingweightgain,foodintakeandleptinemia.
The CLA supplementation induced glucose intolerance, lowHbA1C and highHOMA-IR. Theω3 or
CLA treatment decreased blood pressure, plasma urea and creatinine, kidney TBARS and
hydroperoxidesandenhancedNOlevelsandSODandCATactivities.
Inconclusion,supplementationofw3orCLAexertsfavorableeffectsincorrectingtheabnormalities
associated to metabolic syndrome such as improving blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative
stress,suggestingthatthesebioactive lipidsmightbeabletobeusedasnutraceuticalnutrients in
thepreventionand/ortreatmentofmetabolicsyndrome.
Keywords:MetabolicSyndrome,Fructose,Rats,ω3FattyAcids,ConjugatedLinoleicAcids,Lipids,
OxidativeStress,Plasma,Tissue
ICOESTINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
II. International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology
ISBN: 978-605-66262-9-6
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