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PRESENTED BY: MESHINGO JACK
GRADUATE STUDENT
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ICT DEVELOPMENT, POLICY & REGULATION IN BOTSWANA
PRESENTATION OUTLINE INTRODUCTION
INFRASTRUCTURE
CHALLENGES & REGULATORY INTERVENTIONS
FUNDING ICT DEVELOPMENT
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ICT CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE
INTRODUCTION
COUNTRY PROFILE AT A GLANCE
• Mobile Penetration: 169.9%
• Fixed Penetration: 8.54%
• Mobile Broadband Subscriptions: 1,295,663
• Internet Penetration: 22%
• Submarine Cables: 2 (EaSSy, WACS)
• Number Telecom Operators: 4
• ISPs: 78 (about 18 active)
• Land Area: 581,730 sq. km• Population: 2, 024, 904 Million (2011)• Monetary Unit: Botswana Pula
(1$: 10.35 BWP)• Languages: English (Official), Setswana
(National)• Illiteracy Rate: 17.2% (OECD report,
2015)• Urban population: 57.4% of total
population (2015)• Domain name: .bw • GDP Per Capita: $7,750
(Budde Communications, 2015)
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General ICT Statistics
POLICY EVOLUTION
• Coordinated approach to ensuring universal accessibility to high speed, reliable and affordable broadband internet.
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Telecommunications Policy of 1995
National ICT Policy (Maitlamo, 2007)
Draft Universal Service Policy of 2006
Communications Regulatory Authority Act of 2012
National Broadband
Strategy (2014)
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INFRASTRUCTURE
INTERNATIONAL & NATIONAL CONNECTIVITY
❖ EASSy
○ Backhaul: connecting to EASSy
through Mtunzini in South Africa.
○ Capacity entitlement: 22.165Gb/s
○ Activated capacity: 4.960 Gb/s
❖ WACS
○ Backhaul: connecting to WACS
through 2 landing stations; Namibia
and South Africa
○ Capacity entitlement: 97.96 Gb/s
○ Activated capacity: 10.54 Gb/s
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ACCESS NETWORK
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3G coverage limited to main cities and some major villages
4G Rollout commenced in 2015
All urban and major villages covers by copper network
FTTx still under deployment (Botswana Fibre Networks)
▪ Access to be provided on an open Access principle
▪ Initially connecting commercial, industrial, commercial, civic and community plots
▪ Households to be considered in future
CHALLENGES & REGULATORY
INTERVENTIONS
SUPPLY & DEMAND SIDE CHALLENGES
❏ Landlocked: high transit charges
❏ Sparsely populated country
❏ Uneconomically viable areas-no incentive for investment
❏ Digital divide between urban and rural centers
❏ Last mile connectivity
❏ Narrowband internet
❏ Lack of a Digital Literacy Programme
❏ Limited relevant local content
❏ e-Government at infancy stage 10
REGULATORY INTERVENTIONS
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Profitable areas
Non Profitable areas
Allocation of 4G/LTE spectrum license issued with regulatory obligations
4G spectrum is national
Subsidy from the UASF to fund rollout of broadband services
Community Access Centers in the remote areas
Broadband infrastructure to farming areas
Operators to rollout to towns and villages with more their 5000 inhabitants at their own cost
Spectrum license indicates Operators expected to rollout in a period of 2 years
FUNDING ICT DEVELOPMENT
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FUNDING MODELS
High cost projects such as FTTx – government funding
Universal Access and Service Fund UASF
•Provision of Wholesale Broadband Wi-Fi hotspots in public strategic areas
• Computerizations & internet connectivity to primary school in rural areas
Public Private Partnerships
Private sector funded
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ICT CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE
Climate change❖ Low Rainfall
❖ High Temperatures
OPPORTUNITIES
❖ Low Agricultural Produce
>3 million
90% export of beef (Norway, South Africa & EU)
High mobile penetration rate
Abundant international connectivity
UASF Initiatives
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ICT & AGRICULTURE IN BOTSWANA
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Livestock Traceback System Mobile Agriculture MODISAR
• BOLUS System
• Electronic Ear
Tagging
• used by farmers in
underserved areas
• marketing, farming
tips, financial
services
• >10,000 users
(September 2015)
• Livestock Farm
Management
WAY FORWARD
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Investment in last mile connectivity
International Collaboration
Prioritization
Government funding
Top level support
Public Private Partnership
ICT Convergence Strategy for all sectors
Agriculture Research and Development
PRESENTED BY: MESHINGO JACK
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ICT DEVELOPMENT, POLICY & REGULATION IN BOTSWANA