IDAHO’S JUSTICE
REINVESTMENT INITIATIVE
FIFTH ANNUAL INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS RESEARCH NETWORK (ICRN)/ NATIONAL CORRECTIONS REPORTING PROGRAM (NCRP)
THURSDAY MAY 12, 2016
Janeena Wing
Evaluation and Compliance Supervisor
Idaho Department of Correction
Lessons learned becoming a JRI state
AGENDA OVERVIEW:
Agency overview
Challenges requiring intervention
Strategies developed
Implementation
JRI metrics
Required reports
Impact of JRI
AGENCY OVERVIEW
9 State Prisons
7 Judicial Districts
23 Satellite offices (P&P)
3 Community Release Centers
1 Central Office
1 Central Office annex
= 44 Facilities/Work Units
Approx. 2,000 staff
Approx. 8,000 inmates
Approx. 15,000 probationers/parolees
Rider = retained jurisdiction for up to 180 days for probationer
Termer = incarceration within prison and released to parole
CHALLENGES:
Idaho has one of the lowest crime rates in the United States (3rd) but has the 10th highest incarceration rate in the U.S.
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Idaho
Utah
Montana
Wyoming
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Oregon
Nevada
COUNCIL FOR STATE GOVERNMENTS
Documented three key areas behind Idaho’s growth.
supervision and diversion programs were not reducing recidivism;
the prison population was composed primarily of community supervised offenders who had revoked, people sentenced to a “Rider,” and offenders who were parole eligible but had not been released; and
the state lacked a system to track outcomes, measure quality and assure the reliability of recidivism-reduction strategies.
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
Enhance supervision practices and programs;
Tailoring parole sanctions and parole decision making
Assessing and tracking recidivism-reduction strategies.
Strengthen Supervision
Track Effectiveness
Prison Beds for High
Risk
ENHANCING SUPERVISION PRACTICES
Respond to
supervision
violations with
swiftness and
certainty
Violation matrix
ENHANCING SUPERVISION PRACTICES
Train PPO’s in evidence-based
strategies to change offender
behavior.
Motivational interviewing and LSI
Goal of 50 moderate and high
risk offenders per caseload.
Limited supervision unit
community-based evidence based
treatment and programming
Improve the management of victim
restitution
50.6%
44.7%
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
2014 2015
Year
Chart 3. Percent of PPO caseloads with over 50 moderate to high
risk offenders: 2014 -2015
WEB BASED OFFENDER REPORTING (WBOR)
• Key tool for Limited Supervision Unit
LIMITED SUPERVISION UNIT (LSU)
406442
804
1,037
1,384
1,592
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600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Jul-14 Aug-
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Sep-
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Oct-
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Nov-
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Dec-
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Jan-15 Feb-
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Mar-
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Apr-
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May-
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Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-
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Sep-
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Jan-16 Feb-
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Mar-
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Case
load
Siz
e
Month
Many more could be added based on low-risk criteria. Expected to increase to
over 3,000.
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS
Tailor confinement responses for probation and parole
violations
Provide judges with recidivism outcome data for various
sentencing options
Use risk-assessment to inform the parole decision-making
process
Reserve prison space for individuals convicted of violent
offenses by regulating the percent of time above minimum
sentence that people convicted of non-violent offenses may
serve
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS
90/180 DAY SANCTIONS
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150
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250
Nov Dec Jan
Chart 4. 90 and 180 day parole sanctions: 2015
90 day 180 day
A first time technical violation results in a sanction
of up to 90 days and a second technical violation
results in a sanction of up to 180 days.
The 90/180 day sanction should only be applied to
violations that do not include a new felony or
violent misdemeanor.
Use of the 90/180 day sanctions began in
September, 2015, and have gradually increased each
month.
Revision to the statute had to be made concerning
what a “technical violation” constitutes.
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS PAROLE
GUIDELINE SCORING
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180
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Commission is granting at 75% and conforms to the guidelines 64% of the time.
Score based on highest of
three possible risk assessments
(LSI-R, VRAG or Static-99)
Violent Disciplinary actions
Completed programming
RESERVE PRISON SPACE FOR VIOLENT OFFENDERS
PROPERTY AND DRUG FIRST TIME PAROLE RELEASES
PRIOR TO 150% OF FIXED
The majority (between 67% and 83%) of first time parole releases for property and drug
crimes are prior to 150% of the fixed portion of the sentence.
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
Jul-12
Sep-1
2
Nov-
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Jan-1
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Mar
-13
May
-13
Jul-13
Sep-1
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Nov-
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Jan-1
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Mar
-14
May
-14
Jul-14
Sep-1
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Jan-1
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Mar
-15
May
-15
Jul-15
Sep-1
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Nov-
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Timely Release Linear (Timely Release)
TRACKING RECIDIVISM REDUCTION
Establish an oversight committee to measure and assess policy impacts
Require that risk and needs assessments be routinely reviewed for quality
Increase the capacity of state agencies to collect and analyze data in order to reduce inefficiencies and cut costs
Evaluate the quality of programs and use results to improve outcomes
IMPLEMENTATION
Phase I – data gathering
Phase II – implementation
Agencies under change
Communication is critical
Knowing the change is for the greater good kept
employee morale up
TRACKING SPREADSHEET
Monthly counts of total population for both community and
incarcerated (including parole violators, termers and riders),
Admissions and releases,
Limited supervision unit,
Early discharges,
graduated sanctions,
150% releases,
Problem solving court,
PPO caseloads,
Restitution
POPULATION TRENDS: INCARCERATED POPULATION
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1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Parole Violator
Rider
Term
• Population is 360 below the 3 year monthly average.
POPULATION TRENDS: COMMUNITY SUPERVISED
POPULATION
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2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
Jul-12
Sep-1
2
Nov-
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Jan-1
3
Mar
-13
May
-13
Jul-13
Sep-1
3
Nov-
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Jan-1
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Mar
-14
May
-14
Jul-14
Sep-1
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Jan-1
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-15
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Jul-15
Sep-1
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Jan-1
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LSU Parole
LSU Probation
Parole
Probation
• Population is up 1,366 from three year monthly average.
ASSESSING AND TRACKING CHANGE:
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
SB 1357 changed IDOC reporting requirements
Program Evaluation Report (bi-annually)
Community Gap Analysis (annually)
Timely Release Report (annually)
JRI Impact Report (annually)
Recidivism Rates for PSI by Risk Level
https://www.idoc.idaho.gov/content/about_us/research_statisti
cs
JUSTICE PROGRAM ASSESSMENT
Discontinue Therapeutic Communities.
From 12 to 5 programs
Cincinnati Substance Abuse Program.
Sex offender program.
Thinking for a Change.
Anger Replacement Training.
Advance Skills Practice.
REPORTS
PROGRAM EVALUATION REPORT
Describes state funded recidivism reduction programs and includes an evaluation of the quality of each program,
the program’s likelihood to reduce recidivism among program participants,
plan for program improvements from the Board of Correction.
CSG provided the Justice Program Assessment (JPA) to help with this process.
REPORTS
ANNUAL COMMUNITY GAP ANALYSIS
Joint report between Health and Welfare and IDOC
Describes:
1) criminogenic needs of active population of probationers
and parolees
2) Current funding available to deliver effective, evidence-
based programming to address those needs
3) gap in funding to meet the needs of all moderate and
high-risk probationers and parolees.
.
COMMUNITY GAP ANALYSIS
Outsourced to Western Findings:
• 50.2% of community supervised population is moderate to high risk to
recidivate, with LSI-R score of 24 or above.
• 99.0% (or 9,258) of moderate to high risk offenders may need
criminal thinking programming.
• 78.6% (or 7,281) may need substance use treatment
• Between 50% to 65% of offenders with moderate/high mental health
distress may need treatment but are not receiving it.
• Gap of $15,225,837 for substance abuse and mental health treatment
exists
REPORTS
ANNUAL TIMELY RELEASE REPORT
Joint report between IDOC and Idaho Commission of Pardons and Parole
Describes percentage of people sentenced to a term in prison for property or drug offense convictions who are released before serving one hundred and fifty percent of the fixed portion of the sentence and documents the most common reasons for delayed release.
70.6% (794 offenders) released prior to 150% of fixed.
40.8% (135 offenders) were parole eligible upon arrival or parole eligible within six months.
30.0% (98 offenders) were delayed from entry into programming, program refusal, or program failure.
16.6% (55 offenders) were previously denied parole due to risk of re-offense, prior criminal history, or institutional behavior.
REPORTS
ANNUAL JRI IMPACT REPORT
Describes the amount of savings generated
and prison population impact under the
policy framework of SB1357.
IDAHO’S PROJECTED PRISON
POPULATION OUTCOMES
7,871 Actual Population as of Dec. 31, 2015
8,237
8,724
9,408
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Actual
JRI (CSG) Projection
Original IDOC Projection
3.5% drop in prison
population compared to
baseline of 8,160
Averted savings of
$14,937,959 from JRI
projection and
$16,119,864 from IDOC
projection based on bed
savings of $59.91 per
day over 1.5 years.
COST AVOIDANCE BASED ON LSU
Average (2014-2015) Costs
Ave total on probation/parole 14,099 $ 33,348,365 Ave. without LSU 13,349 - $ 31,574,390
Amount not spent 750 =$1,773,975Budget for LSU for 1.5 years -$168.674
Costs Avoided $1,605,301
The regular PPO budget per offender
managed is about $4.34 per day, compared to
an average of about $.41 per day over the
past year and a half for the LSU caseload.
The estimated costs avoided from having an
average of 750 offenders managed on the LSU
caseload rather than on a regular PPO
caseload is approximately $1,605,301 over
the past year and a half.
Without the LSU caseload, the average caseload size would grow from 69 to 80 per
PPO.
The costs include salary for full time positions and other
miscellaneous expenses.
JRI PC AGENCY IMPACT
Temporary reduction in revocation hearings by
Commission
Releases to parole have doubled since last year
Improvement in quality of Commission data
RECIDIVISM RATE BY LSI AND SENTENCE TYPE
Provide judges with recidivism outcome
data for various sentencing options.
The risk to recidivate is greatest for
offenders with high LSI scores. Nearly
three quarters (71.3%) of offenders
sentenced directly to term with LSI
scores greater than 30 recidivated
within three years of release from
prison.
68.350.7
71.3
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Probationer Probationerfrom Rider
Directly toTerm
Chart 5. Recidivism Rate by LSI and Sentence Type
Low (0-15) Moderate (16-30) High (31+)
BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS
Net current year General Fund Rescission of
$1,260,100! (Next year is looking good too)
Closed Unit 24: temporary beds that should
not have been used long term
Brought back inmates from other states