IdealismPrepared by: Mayflor S.

Barile

I. The Meaning of Idealism

GAME!!!

#1

is the oldest systematic P _ _ _ O _ _ _ _ Y in Western culture.

(Ozmon and Craver 2008)

IDEALISM

#1

is the oldest systematic PHILOSOPHY in Western culture, which is a believe that ideas are the only true reality.

(Ozmon and Craver 2008)

IDEALISM

#2

this philosophy begins with P _ _ _ _ (428-347 B.C.E).

(Orstein and Levine 2011)

IDEALISM

#2

this philosophy begins with PLATO (428-347 B.C.E).

(Orstein and Levine 2011)

IDEALISM

#3

a philosophical belief claiming that material things are I _ _ G _ _ _ _ Y, that material things do not exist independently but only as constructions in the mind.

IDEALISM

#3

a philosophical belief claiming that material things are IMAGINARY, that material things do not exist independently but only as constructions in the mind.

IDEALISM

Ideals A standard by which we judge things in our

existence. “Ideals are the stars. You will not succeed in

touching them with your hands. But like seafaring men on the desert of waters, you choose them as your guides, and following them, you will reach your destiny.”_Carl Schurz

In philosophy, it applies to the theory that holds ideas as the only reality. Thus, “Idea-ism” might be a more correct descriptive term for the philosophy than Idealism.

It came into being as a correction of the view of naturalism.

Idealism vs. NaturalismIDEALISM Emphasizes that the

will governs one’s conduct

Judges behavior in terms of motives

Would say that the knowledge is obtained by speculation and reasoning

NATURALISM Says that one’s conduct

is governed by impulse, instincts and experiences

Judges behavior on the basis of results

Would say that the end justifies the means

Regards scientific observation and scientific knowledge as final

The Development of Idealism

(from ancient times)

PLATONIC IDEALISM (427-347 B. C.)

A Greek philosopher, who was remarkably equipped with natural endowments.

He became an ardent admirer and disciple of Socrates.

He opened up his own school, the Academy in Athens and there developed and expounded his doctrines as a teacher.

Two of his most famous works are “The Republic” and “The Dialogue.”

Plato did not think that man created knowledge. Rather, man discovered knowledge.

PLATONIC IDEALISM (427-347 B. C.)

“Intelligent people should be taken care of by the government next to the best school to be of greater service to the country.”

He suggested that the state take a very active role in educational matters; that both boys and girls should be given equal opportunity to develop themselves.

SAINT AUGUSTINE (354-430)

Concept of Good: GodConcept of Evil :AdamAugustine believed that

the senses were unreliable and that belief in God rests ultimately on faith.

“We must first believe, In order that we may know.”

SAINT AUGUSTINE (354-430)

He believed that God already created knowledge, and people can discover it through trying to find God.

intuitive approach to education

= Learning must come from within and all true knowledge comes from God.

The Development of Modern Idealism

RENE DESCARTES(1596-1650)

A French philosopher, mathematician and scientist

His basic proposition: I think, therefore I am.

He thought the world consisted of two kinds of substances: thinking substance (mind) and extended substance (matter)

He struggled with how mind and matter interacted.

He became the father of dualism insofar as he divided brain and mind into separate but equal parts.

BENEDICT DE ESPINOZA

(1632-1677)

A Spanish Jew who lived in Holland.

He accepted Descartes’ idea that the universe is divided into mind and matter.

But he saw, that if mind and matter are separate substances, they cannot interact.

He held that people’s highest happiness consists in coming to understand and appreciate the truth and that they are tiny parts of an all-inclusive, pantheistic God. (Pantheism believes that all is God and God is all.)

GEORGE BERKELEY

(1646-1716)

He spent most of his professional life as a minister.

As an Anglican Bishop and philosopher, he was a deeply religious man who tied to reconcile the science of his day with the doctrines of Christianity.

Esse Est Percipi (To be is to perceived)

His main purpose is to make evident the existence of God and to prove that God is the true cause of all things.

IMMANUEL KANT

(1724-1804)

Critique of Pure Reason Critique of Practical Reasonto Kant, the essence of

education should not be simply training; the important thing was enlightenment, or teaching a child to think according to principles as opposed to mere random behavior

Idealism as a Philosophy of Education

• Aims of Education

• Methods of Education

• Curriculum • • Role of the Teacher

1. Aims of Education• Search for Truth (highest aim)- philosophical wisdom or the conception of true

ideas is the highest aim of education• Self-Realization (ultimate aim)- Idealism has exerted so much influence on

educational views about individual mind and self• Character Development (proper aim)- many idealists are concerned with moral character

as an outgrowth of thinking and thoughtful actions

IDEALISM

2. Methods of Education•Dialectic (Plato) • Intuitive approach (Augustine)• Great Books (Modern idealists)• Lecture method •other idealist’s methodology: projects, supplemental activities, library research and artwork. • self-directed activity

IDEALISM

3. In Curriculum• Teach students to think

• Idealists think that humans can become more noble and rational by developing the ability to think.

* Idealists believed that mind, which can conceptualize, create and can accumulate facts, need to be nourished and developed.

4. Role of a Teacher Assist students in choosing important material Serve as exemplary models Teachers are expected to encourage students to ask

questions and to provide a suitable environment for learning.

Socratic characteristics (analyzing, discussing with others) – encourage their students to better their thinking.

Infuses them with a desire to improve their thinking in the deepest possible way.

Implications for Today’s Classroom Teachers• Idealism seeks to create schools that are

intellectual centers of teaching and learning. • It sees teacher as vital agents in guiding students

to realize their fullest potential intellectual. • Encourages teachers and the students to

encounter and appreciate the finest and most enduring achievement of the culture.

• Idealists recognize internet that can make great book accessible to students, however they insist that technology should be used as a means of education and not as an end.

SYNTHESIS AND IMPLICATIONS In idealism, the aim of education is to discover

and develop each individual's abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. The curricular emphasis is subject matter of mind: literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue (a method of teaching that uses questioning to help students discover and clarify knowledge). Introspection, intuition, insight, and whole-part logic are used to bring to consciousness the forms or concepts which are latent in the mind. Character is developed through imitating examples and heroes.

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS US ALL!