IDENTIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBERS.

Name: Huzaifa Nawaz MalikDiscipline: TMM-01ACourse: Textles-176Assignment # 02Instructor: Sir Imran Raza Malik

Cotton Fiber.

Burn Test.

Is a cellulose fiber. It burns and may flare up when lit. No melted bead is left by it. After burning, it continues to glow. It gives out smell like that of a burning paper. The smoke is gray or white. The ash is fine, soft that can be easily crumbled.

Microscopic Test

The cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a microscope, it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbon like tube with rough granular surface. However, mercerized cotton doesn't have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen, straight, smooth and round with a shining surface.

Solubility Test

Acetone 100 %

HCl100%

Sulfuric Acid 60%

Sulfuric Acid 70%

Chlorine Bleach 5%

Formic Acid 90%

Insoluble Insoluble Slightly soluble

Soluble Insoluble Insoluble

Silk

Burn Test

A protein fiber which burns slowly and curls away fromthe flame. It leaves dark bead which can be easilycrushed. It is self-extinguishing and leaves ash that isdark, gritty, fine powder. It smells like burned hair orcharred meat. It gives out a little or no smoke and thefume has no hazard.

Microscopic Test

Raw silk fiber, composed of two filaments, has ellipticalshape under the microscope. The two fine and lustrousfilaments are shown clearly looking like transparentrods with triangular shape. Wild silk or tussah fiber hasdifferent appearance than the cultivated silk. It isflattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine,wavy lines all across its surface whereas cultivated silkis narrower fiber with no marks on it.

Solubility Test

Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid

60%Sulfuric acid

70%Chlorine

bleach 5%Formic acid

90%

Insoluble Partially Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Partially

soluble

Wool

Burn Test

Is a protein fiber which burns slowly. It sizzles and curlsaway from flame and may curl back onto fingernail. Itleaves beads that are brittle, dark, and easily crushed.It is self-extinguishing and leaves harsh ash fromcrushed bead. It gives out a strong odor of burning hairor feathers. It gives out dark smoke and moderatefume.

Microscopic Test

Wool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multicellular structure with tapered ends. Under amicroscope, three basic layers are shown- epidermis(outer layer), cortex (middle layer) and medulla (innerlayer). Medulla is seen only in coarse and medium wool fibers and that too under a highly powerful microscope.

Solubility

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Insoluble

Linen

Burn Test

A cellulose fiber, it takes longer to ignite. It is easilyextinguished by blowing on it. Burns quickly with bright flame. It leaves no melted bead and after burning no sign of flame is seen but it does not melts. It smells like burning leaves or wood. The ash is gray and smoke has no fume hazard.

Microscopic Test

Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like havingmultiple sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointededges. The filaments show nodes at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo stick having joints that results intoa little unevenness.

Solubility

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Insoluble Insoluble Slightly soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble

Polyester

Burn Test

It burns quickly and shrinks away from flame, may alsoflare up. It leaves hard, dark, and round beads. After the flame, it burns slowly and is not always self-extinguishing. It has a slightly sweet chemical odor. It leaves no ash but its black smoke and fume are hazardous.

Microscopic Test

Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round cross sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its appearance changes in context of texture and luster.

Solubililty

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble

Nylon

Burn Test

Due to their fabric finish, they quickly burn and shrink to flame. The beads are hard, grayish and uncrushable. After flame, they burn slowly and melt. They are self-extinguishing but drip dangerously. Their odor is like celery and they leave no ash but the fume is very hazardous.

Microscopic Test

There are many variants of nylon fiber. However,generally it appears fine, round, smooth andtranslucent. Sometimes it has shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted under the microscope.

Solubility

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Insoluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble

Rayon

Burn Test

It burns without flame or melting and may flare up. Unless there is a fabric finish, it doesn't leave any bead. After the flame is removed, it may glow a bit longer than cotton. It smells like burning paper and leaves soft, gray ash. It's smoke is a little hazardous.

Microscopic Test

Rayon fiber has uniform diameter with glass like shine. If delustered then rayon fiber shows marks similar to pepper, when viewed cross sectionally. Viscose fiber of rayon looks irregular when viewed cross sectionally.

Solubility

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble

Acetate

Burn Test

Is a protein fiber which burns quickly and can flare even after flame is removed. The bead is hard, brittle, andcan't be crushed. It melts into very hot bead and drips very dangerously. No ash is left by it and the smell is like hot vinegar or burning pepper. It gives out blacksmoke and the fume is hazardous.

Microscopic Test

Acetate fiber looks lesser irregular than viscose rayonwhen viewed cross sectionally. It has indentations that look like occasional marks when viewed longitudinally.

Solubility

Acetone 100%

HCl20%

Sulfuric acid 60%

Sulfuric acid 70%

Chlorine bleach 5%

Formic acid 90%

Soluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble