Identifying Hidden HazardsDr. Lianne Lefsrud, Kathleen Baker, and Julie Zettl
May 3, 2018
Banff, AB, Canada
Thank You to Our
Collaborators
• Canadian Dewatering
• Canadian Natural Resources Limited
• CEDA
• Clear Stream Energy
• ConeTec
• Energy Safety Canada
• Fort McKay Group of Companies
• Graham Construction
• Imperial Oil Limited
• Ketek
• Owl Moon Environmental Inc.
• Rough Rider International Limited
• Suncor Energy
• Syncrude Canada Limited
We would like to thank the following companies and organizations for their participation:
Who are we?
Who are you?
What is your name?
What industry do you work in?
What is your job title?
Why did you come to this workshop?
Hazard Recognition
Fig 1. Role of hazard recognition in safety management (after Jeelani et al., 2017)
Hazard Present
Hazard Recognized
Risk Evaluated
Physical Barrier
Implemented
Procedural Barrier
Implemented
Adequate Safety
Control
No Incident
Hazard Not Recognized
Inadequate Safety
Control
Possible Incident
Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).
Hazard Identification
Researchers have determined that all workers have a difficult time identifying hazards in dynamic, complex environments (Jeelani et al. 2017) and novice workers were unable to recognize 53% of hazards in their work environments (Bahn 2013).
NIOSH Malaysia. OHS Awareness Talk Series. https://www.slideshare.net/zahrim/niosh1
Hazard Identification
Researchers have determined that all workers have a difficult time identifying hazards in dynamic, complex environments (Jeelani et al. 2017) and novice workers were unable to recognize 53% of hazards in their work environments (Bahn 2013).
NIOSH Malaysia. OHS Awareness Talk Series. https://www.slideshare.net/zahrim/niosh1
Types of Hazards
Biological Silica
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical Drilling fluids
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical Arc Flash
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.General Electric Electrical Safety Datasheet. http://www.geindustrial.com/sites/geis/files/gallery/GE_Final_Oil_Links.pdf.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic Manual valve
turning
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic
Potential gravitational
Climbing derrick
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic
Potential gravitational
Thermal Refinery fire
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic
Potential gravitational
Thermal
Potential kinetic Suspended loads
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic
Potential gravitational
Thermal
Potential kinetic
Pressure Blow out
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Types of Hazards
Biological
Chemical
Electrical
Ergonomic
Potential gravitational
Thermal
Potential kinetic
Pressure
Psychological Work related stress
Winkel, G., Cocchio, J.R., Nibber, N., and Lefsrud, L. 2017. The Handbook for Engineering Safety and Risk Management. University of Alberta, Custom Course-ware. Edmonton, AB.
Definitions
“Seen” Hazards: hazards that are identified and controlled using engineered, administrative controls or personal protective equipment to bring the risk to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable
“Normalized” Hazards: common hazards in one's work environment that are tolerated by workers independent of the risk associated with them
“Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards: hazards that are unidentified by workers, are not detected by monitoring systems, engineered or administrative controls
Why Hazards Become Normalized
Cognition
Emotional
Organizational
Cognition
Workers depend on sensory cues to identify hazards 1
Mental shortcuts can either help or hinder the workers ability to identify of hazards 2, 3
1. Pocock DC. Sight and knowledge. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers.1981 Jan 1:385-93.2. Kasperson RE, Renn O, Slovic P, Brown HS, Emel J, Goble R, Kasperson JX, Ratick S. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk analysis. 1988 Jun 1;8(2):177-87.3. Finucane ML, Alhakami A, Slovic P, Johnson SM. The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of behavioral decision making. 2000 Jan 1;13(1):1.
Sensory Cues
Emotional
Technical risk level of a hazard can be very different from the perceived risk 4
Risk = Hazard + Outrage 4
Angry drivers experience lapses in concentration, minor losses of vehicle control, close calls, aggressive driving and risky behaviour 5
Frustration causes neural transmitters to go into survival mode instead of allowing us to reason 6
4. Sandman PM. Responding to community outrage: Strategies for effective risk communication. AIHA; 1993.5. Dahlen. E.R., Martin. R.C., Ragan. K., and Kuhlman. M.M. 2004. Driving anger, sensation seeking, impulsiveness, and boredom proneness in the prediction of unsafe driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 37 (2005). 341-3486. Sylvestre. C. 2017. The neuroscience of personal safety. AusIMM Bulletin. https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/neuroscience-personal-safety/
(after Sylvestre)
Factors Affecting Risk Tolerance
•Voluntariness (right to refuse)
•Controllability (your job)
• Familiarity (normalization of risks)
• Benefits (livelihood)
•Understanding (over confident)
•Trust (company will take care of you)
• Incident history (memory of past event)
•Anger (distracted from tasks)
Organizational
“Safety Culture”- How things are done around here
Reward or penalty motivational factors
Over worked or under worked
Supervisors and co-workers
Internal communication
Time constraints
Peer pressure
6. Aksorn T, Hadikusumo BH. The unsafe acts and the decision-to-err factors of Thai construction workers. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries. 2007 Jan 1;12(1):1-25.
Why are Hazards Unseen?
Within the Worker’s Control
Within the Organization’s Control
Causes of Unseen Hazards
Within the Worker’s Control:
Unfamiliarity with tools, equipment, processes or operations
Hazards that are unassociated with the primary task
Perceived low levels of risk
Stopping hazard recognition prematurely
Selective attention or inattention
Task unfamiliarity
Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).
Causes of Unseen Hazards
Within the Organization’s Control:
Multiple hazards associated with a single source or task
Visually unperceivable/ obscure hazards
Infrequent or unexpected hazards
Unknown potential hazards
Hazard source detection failure
Hazards without immediate outcome
Latent or stored energy hazards
Jeelani, I., Albert, A., and Gambatese, J, A., 2017. Why do construction hazard remain unrecognized at the work interface? Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 143 (5).
What are the “unseen or overlooked” hazards at your place of work?
At your tables, brainstorm a list of unseen or overlooked hazards in your work environments
Pick 1-2 examples to share with the larger group
A Case Study of Hazards in the OilsandsTailings Area
Tailings Leaking from Mainline Pipe
Process Water Leaking from Nipple Pipe
Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area
Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area
Examples of “Unseen or Overlooked” Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area
Examples of Ground Hazards in Oil Sands Tailings Area
What happens when it snows?
Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hierarchy/
How Could You Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers?
At your tables, discuss potential solutions to increase therecognition of hazards and how to best communicate the risks at your work place.
Share with larger group
How Could You Communicate “Unseen or Overlooked” Hazards to Frontline Workers?
Questions?
School of Engineering Safety and Risk Management
David and Joan Lynch
Now have six professors:
• Gord Winkel, John Cocchio, Norm Nibber, Lianne Lefsrud,
Renato Macciotta, and Lisa White
Two undergraduate engineering safety/risk management courses
• ENGG404 – mandatory for all engineering undergrads –
1100 per year
• ENGG406 – technical elective for process safety management,
60 Chem Eng per year
One graduate course CME 694 Risk Management
• Quantitative risk analysis, consequence modeling, cost benefit
analysis, system resilience, layers of protection approach,
30 students per year
Research projects involving 10-15 grad students per year on:
• Worker safety for tailings operations with Energy Safety Canada
• Effectiveness of OHS and Environment enforcement actions on
WCB claims rates
• Safety Management Systems in Railway Safety Act
• Identifying and mitigating Microbial Influenced Corrosion in
Pipelines for Genome Canada
• Safety Culture with COAA
Contact Information
Dr. Lianne Lefsrud, P.Eng., [email protected], 780-951-3455
Kathleen Baker, EIT., [email protected], 403-969-6554
Julie Zettl, P.Eng. Pending, [email protected], 306-381-7448