IdeologiesXParties.ppt

7/30/2019 IdeologiesXParties.ppt

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Political Ideologies

Robert W. White & Kevin J. Benoy

Sutherland Secondary School

North Vancouver, BC


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The Purpose of

Government

To organize society for common action sothat the needs of every individual can be

metEconomic needs

food, shelter, employment, trade

Social Needshealth care, welfare, education

Legal Needs

law and order, national defense


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Government in Canada

There are three levels of government in Canada

Federal

This is the government of all of Canada.

Provincial

Each of the Canadian provinces has its

own government

MunicipalLocal government at the urban or district

level


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Freedom and Equality

Freedom

The belief that the rights of each individual insociety are of primary importance.

Equality

The belief that all individuals in a societyshould be treated in the same way.

Governments attempt to balance freedom andequality. Political ideologies have differentbeliefs regarding the importance of freedomand equality.


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The Balance of Freedom

and Equality


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The Political Spectrum I

The political spectrum is a line along

which are placed the various political

ideologies and political parties

This line has a centre, a left side and aright side

The extreme ends of the line represent

extreme political beliefs while the

centre is associated with more

moderate beliefs

The origins of the political spectrum are

associated with the French Revolution


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The Political Spectrum I


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The Political Spectrum II

The centre of the political spectrum isassociated with the democratic form of

government. The extreme ends of the line on both the

right and the left are totalitarian in form.


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Democracy

Direct democracy, where all citizensparticipate in government, originated with

the ancient Greeks.In Canada, today, we practice indirect

democracy through elected

representatives.In a democracy the state exists to serve

the citizen.


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Totalitarianism

Totalitarian forms of government arefound at the extreme ends of the political

spectrum on both the right and the left.The state exercises total control in this

form of government.

In a totalitarian regime the individualexists to serve the state.


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The Political Spectrum III


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The Political Spectrum IV

The political beliefs of the left side ofthe spectrum support economic equalityand change or progress in society

The extreme left is associated withCommunism

Socialism and the Social Democratic

parties are located on the left inside thecircle


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The Political Spectrum V -

The Left Wing


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Communism

Karl Marx wrote the Communist

Manifesto in which he indicated that

economic equality would only be achievedafter a violent revolution.

Marx believed that the working people or

proletariat would take power from theircapitalist masters.


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Socialism

The socialists, also, believe in economicequality but only if it can be achievedthrough the ballot box.

Democratic socialist political parties canbe found in most modern democratic

states including Canada.


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The Political Spectrum VI

Political beliefs on the right side of the line

support tradition and oppose change in

society.

The extreme right is associated with

Fascism.

Because the beliefs of conservatism and

liberalism are democratic they are located

inside the circle.


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Fascism

Fascism as a political ideology began inItaly in 1922 with the regime of BenitoMussolini.

In Germany the National Socialist Partyled by Hitler came to power in 1933.

This was a backward looking political

philosophy which stressed militarism andracial purity.


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The Political Spectrum VII -

Centre to Right Wing


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Liberalism and

Conservatism

Liberalism is divided into classical andreform liberalism.

Liberals were believers in the progress ofgood men with reform liberals acceptingmore government intervention in theeconomy.

Conservatives were not as optimisticabout mankind but strongly supportedeconomic freedom.


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The Political Spectrum VIII


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Political Parties

Political parties derive their beliefs from

the basic political ideologies.

In a democracy political parties are

found inside the circle at the centre of

the political spectrum.

Political parties may be left or right of

centre.

Political parties are not fixed in one

location but may move left or right

depending on current public opinion.


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Political Parties in Canada

Canada has political parties at both thefederal and provincial levels ofgovernment.

Federal and provincial parties may share aname but not policies.

In large urban areas political parties may

also control local government.


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Federal Political Parties

The following major political partieshave elected members at the federal

levelLiberal, Progressive, SocialCredit/Creditiste, Reform (later

Canadian Alliance), Conservative,New Democratic Party and BlocQuebecois


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Provincial Political Parties

The following political parties haveelected members in the British

Columbia legislature.New Democratic Party, Liberal,Reform, Progressive Democratic

Alliance.The Social Credit Party was once

very powerful in B.C.


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National Political Parties and

the Political Spectrum


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National Political Parties

The Liberal Party ofCanada is reform liberalin outlook.

It moved left at the endof World War II, asvoters seemed to beheading in that

direction.Pierre Elliott Trudeau

took it even further tothe Left in the 1960s

and 1970s.


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The party of the Rightin Canada wastraditionally the

Conservative Party ofCanada.

The leadership ofBrian Mulroney took

the party fromsuccess to humiliationin the late 1980s.


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The near collapse of theConservatives opened up anopportunity for a new right ofcenter party.

The Reform Party of Canada(later renamed CanadianAlliance) filled this void -- thoughit had difficulty convincing people

outside the West that it wasmore than just a party ofWestern alienation.

Preston Manning, 1st

leader of the Reform Party


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The Reform Party was tremendouslysuccessful west of Ontario, but could notbreak through in the East.

The tendency of more right-wingmembers to make dramatic butthoughtless public comments hurt theircredibility with mainstream voters.

An premature attempt to lure theremnants of the Conservative Party

resulted in a name change to TheCanadian Alliance Party. But it wasunsuccessful in changing anything but itsname and its leader until very recently. 2nd leader, Stockwell Day

-- staying afloat was easier

in the Okanagan than in

politics.


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At the national level, the partiesof the center-right long split thevote between them.

The result is a series of easy wins

by the national Liberal Party. The parties of the right have

talked about unity; it took untilDecember, 2003 before theAlliance and the Conservatives

merged into the newConservative Party of Canada. Itwas not until 2006 that they wona federal election, though onlywith a minority.
http://www.ndp.ca/http://www.pcparty.ca/http://www.canadianalliance.ca/http://www.liberal.ca/


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Provincial Political Parties

and the Political Spectrum


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BC Provincial Politics

In BC, there has beena very strong Left-Right split since the1930s.

At first the Liberalsand Conservatives

fought to keep outthe CCF.


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BC Provincial Politics

In the 1950s to1980s. The Center-Right was dominated

by the Social CreditParty, which kept outthe CCF, then NDP,for all but one term in

three decades.It eventually

collapsed in scandal.Long-time Social Credit leader

W.A.C. Bennett


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BC Provincial Parties

With the Center-Right divided,the NDP won election twice inthe 1990s.

The Center-Right united againunder Liberal leadership (thoughthese Liberals were more rightwing than their Federal cousins.

The NDP suffered from scandals

that caused huge damage and ahumiliating defeat in 2001, assome leftist voters turned to theGreen Party, while others turnedtheir back on the Left altogether.


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BC Provincial Parties

Liberal leader Gordon Campbell won thebiggest majority in BC legislative history.

However, even before his first term ended,he and his party was embroiled in scandal.

Over policy issues.

Over conflict of interest issues with a Minister.

Over the leaders drinking problems.

Over the investigation of political appointmentsby the police and government auditors.

In his second term Olympic over-spendingand trouble with the Ministry of Childrenand Health care as a result of first term

spending cuts led to severe criticism

P liti l Id l i d


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Political Ideologies and

Parties - A Summary -

The balance of freedom and equalityhelps to determine the nature of

political ideology.It is from basic political ideologies

that political parties shape their

policies.The political spectrum allows us to

understand the roots of ideology and

party beliefs.

S Id l i d


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Summary Ideologies and

Parties

In Canada most political parties are centristthough they are labeled as Left or Right Wing.

Federally the Liberals have dominated becauseof a split in the Right. The federal Liberals areCenter-Left

Provincially the Liberals dominate because of

vote splitting and internal trouble on the Left.The Provincial Liberals are seen as more rightwing though in reality they are more tendingto Classical Liberal than any other parties.

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