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Agribusiness Plantations
Changing MindanaosLandscape
Lia Jasmin M. Esquillo / IDIS / January 2011
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Outline
! Plantations Issues! Initiatives! Results! Challenges
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! Plantations are vast tracts of land devoted toone crop monocultures or monocrop farms.! Export-oriented -- targeting foreign market! Have been in Mindanao for decades! Late 90s to 2000, plantations started to
expand rapidly especially those devoted topineapples and cavendish banana
! Why? Because of growing internationaldemand and approach has become anational agenda (MTPDP)
! Agribusiness plantations run by large localand foreign corporations
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Pilipino Banana Growers and Exporters
Association! AMS Group of Companies, Inc (Sorianos of Mindanao)! Sumifru Philippines (Japanese MNC)! ANFLO Group of Companies (Floirendos)! Alip River Development and Export Corporation! Del Monte Fresh Produce Philippines (MNC)! La Frutera Incorporated (MNC)! Lapanday Foods Corporation (Lorenzos)! Hijo Resources Corporation! Diamond Farms Inc! Dizon Group of Companies (Dizons)! Marsman-Drysdale Group of Companies (MNC)! Nader and Ebrahim Hassan Philippines! Saranggani Agricultural Company Inc (Domiguez)! Nova Vista Management and Development Corporation! Dole Stanfilco (MNC)! Tristar Group of Banana Companies (Ayalas of Davao)
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! BASF!Bayer Cropscience
! Dow Agrosciences! Dupont! FMC! Monsanto! Syngenta! Sumitomo
Croplife pesticide
companies
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Common occurrence. Children on the way to school is sprayed by
pesticides.
Subasta, Davao City. June 2006. Photo by Dags Magaway
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Aerial
spraying is
just the tip
of theiceberg . . .
The bigger problemis corporate-led
plantation style
agricultural system
of monocropping
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! Environmental costs!Heavy pesticide use threatens
drinking water sources!Soil degradation!Soil erosion and sedimentation of
water
!Flashfloods!Loss of biodiversity!Climate change
Issues and Concerns
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! Health and food safety costs!Dr. Quijano study; DOH study!Food contamination pesticidefound in fish sample in Tugbok
! Food security costs!Massive conversion of actual and
potential food production areasespecially rice, corn, vegetablelands
Issues and Concerns
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Reduction of Rice Lands in
Region XI! Conversion of rice lands to Cavendish bananas. For the Davao Region, data
from the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics show rice farms shrinking by 10,900hectares in 2 years from 108,374 hectares in 2007. Banana plantations onthe other hand ballooned to over 10,200 has over the same period to 78,700surging by 14%. Rice farm areas all over the region shrunk with the followingfigures:
BAS as cited by Aurelio A. Pena, p5in Sunstar Davao article 27 June 2008,
Area Reduction of Rice Lands
Davao City 37%
Davao del Norte 9% or 2,800 hectares converted to
banana plantations
Davao del Sur 8% or 2,300 hectares
Davao Oriental 8%
Compostela Valley 8%
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! Circumvents agrarian reform!Reversal of land access & control
under agrarian reform
!Enhances & facilitates corporatecontrol over the countrysagricultural and food productionsystems
! Labor issues!Labor contracting only widely
practiced in plantation areas
!Questionable contracts
Issues and Concerns
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! Policy issues!DENR Administrative Order
2003-30: fast tracking process ofECC issuance; plantations less than
100 hectares not required to secure
ECCs
!PGMA EO 807 lifting limit to areasplanted to banana plantations
Issues and Concerns
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Banana plantation in
18% steep slopes
Pineapple plantation in
upland areas of
watersheds: 500 m ASL
NO buffer zones, drainage
canals= FLASHFLOODS
Pesticide -laced
cellophanes littered inplantations near Saro River
Chemical spill from
plantation trucks
No buffer zone between
plantations and houses
Aerial spraying that exposes more
people and environment topesticide drift
Loss of biodiversity
Community
health affected
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IDIS and FPE! 2005 Action Grant -- Earth Day
Celebrations 2005: A Call for Watershed
Protection and Corporate SocialResponsibility
! 2006-2007 Action Research -- PesticideMonitoring in Key Watersheds in Davao
City
! 2010-2011 Endefense -- EnvironmentalDefense of Davao Citys UplandWatersheds and Local Communities
Against Agribusiness Plantation Practices
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Earth Day Celebrations 2005:
A Call for Watershed Protectionand Corporate Social
Responsibility
! Mindanao-wide Conference onAgribusiness Plantations Issues and
Alternatives
!
Earth Day Concert! Photo Exhibit at SM
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Groundwater
Extraction Zone
Groundwater
Recharge Zone
Station 1
Sitio Sicao,Tamayong (control
station)
Station 2
purok 4, Sping, Tamayong
Station 3
Talomo River,
Tamayong
Station 4
Saro Spring,Manuel Guianga
Station 5
Subasta Creek
Station 6
Tributary to
Wangan Creek
Station 8pur. Cawayan
Spring, Wines
Station 7
Junction of Wines-Gumalang Creek
Station 9,
Panigan River,Carmen
Station 10
Mio Creek
Tamobobong
Legend:
Panigan-Tamugan Watershed
Talomo WatershedLipadas Watershed
Panigan-Tamugan and Talomo-Lipadas Rivers
Banana Plantations
Pineapple Plantations
Davao City Water District Drilling Wells
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! 13 pesticides found chlorpyrifos, diazinon,fenitrothion, phenthoate, heptachlor,
mancozeb, paraquat, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin,
4,4 DDT, endosulfan, gamma chlordane! 7 of the 13 pesticides detected are banned
pesticides -- 4,4 DDT, endosulfan, endrin,
dieldrin, aldrin, heptachlor and gamma
chlordane
! 2 of the most commonly detected pesticidesin water -- chlorpyrifos and diazinon -- weredetected at levels higher than the US-EPA
and Canadian regulatory limit for freshwater.
Pesticide Monitoring in Key
Watersheds in Davao City
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2010 Updates
! Draft DENR AO on standards ofpesticides in water
! Ateneo de Davao has new state of theart laboratory on pesticides
Pesticide Monitoring in Key
Watersheds in Davao City
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1.! Enhance capacities of communities toaddress environmental defenseissues in the upland watersheds
2.! Pursue legal cases to protect uplandwatershed biodiversity and
communities
Endefense Program
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IDIS with other Partners
! Policy Advocacy and Lobby! Banning of aerial spraying LGU, RTC,
CA, SC, national campaign! Promoting alternative organic,
diversified farming
! Organic Agriculture laws at local andnational levels
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Results
! Contributed to exposing at the local andnational levels the ills of agribusiness
intensification and the bad corporate socialresponsibility practices of plantation
companies using the aerial spraying issue as a
handle;
! Helped highlight organic or ecologicalagriculture as the concrete and sustainablealternative to agribusiness intensification;
!
Created pressure for national government toact on the agri-business issues;
! Helped strengthen participatory policyformulation with the involvement of civil societygroups and marginalized sectors in policy
development;
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Challenges
! Strengthen affected communities --short term needs vs long termdevelopment
! Provide alternative sustainablelivelihoods to communities! Widen network of CSOs engaging
plantation issues
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Daghang
Salamat!