Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Country Report - Sweden
Presented by Peter Axegård, STFI-Packforsk
Second IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Meeting4/5 October 2007, Vienna, Austria
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction
• Large forest products industry– employs 100 000 people– has a turnover of EUR 23 billion– export value: EUR 12 billion, 15 % of total – 4 % of Swedish GDP
• Forest are the main bioenergy resource• Total energy turnover 630 TWh/y
– 120 TWh from biomass mainly wood• Basically all stemwood and forestry residues are used• Strong public and political interest in bioenergy
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Introduction
Pulp and papermills 10 Mt/45 TWh
5.5 Mt/26 TWh
22 TWh
Saw mills
Energy production
Pulp and paper
Board and sawn products
Energy
ProcessPulpwood
Stemwood Saw timber
28 Mt/140 TWh 13 Mt 64 TWh
Fuel
2 Mt 11 TWh
13 Mt 64 TWh
Chips
Waste
4.2 Mt 21 TWh
2 Mt 11 TWh
In total
28 Mt 28 Mt 140 TWh140 TWh
Out total
15 Mt15 Mt93 TWh93 TWh
Stemwood for material and energySweden 1997
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
1. Introduction
0
25
50
75
100
125
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Fellings
Growth
Million m3sk (forest cubic metres)
Source: National Forest Survey, National Board of Forestry
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”Source: FAO
Timber stock in m3 per inhabitant
374327
50 356
Finland Sweden GermanyFrance Great Britain
1. Introduction
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Current national biomass use
• Wood to pulp/paper/solid wood products and energy• Increased competetion for wood from energy sector• Annual plants to food and feed and some energy• Total energy turnover 630 TWh/y - 120 TWh from
biomass mainly wood• Biomass energy, TWh
– 1970 43– 1980 48– 1990 67– 2000 91– 2005 112
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Current national biomass use
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Biomass-related national policy goals
• Eliminate mineral oil (Oil Commission 2007) by 2020• EU directive on renewable transportation fuels• 5 % etoh blend in gasoline
• Instruments– Promotion of renewable transportation fuels
– Green certificates
– CO2- allowances
– CO2-taxes
– Tax on ”non green” cars in Stockholm
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesFood industry 1. (sugar, starch, oleochemistry, bioethanol, biodiesel, …)
KW/ideseminarium-060913 - 4
Norrköping, Lantmännen Agroetanol 55 milj L2008 +150 milj L
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPrimary agricultural sector
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesNon-food Industry (materials, products, …)
• Energy recovery from organic waste is standard practice
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 1 (tall oil)
• Production about 200 000 tonnes/year in Sweden
• Fatty- and resin acids are separated– (Bergvik kemi, Arizona Chemical Company)
• Fatty- and resin acid fractions r aw material for paint, sizing etc
• Can also be used as high quality fuel
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 2 (bio-diesel)
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 3 (example of district heating)
Koncernstab Miljö/Energi
Energitinget 2007/11
Södra deliveries of district heat from pulp mills
• Karlshamn
• Mörrum
• Varberg
• Mönsterås
• Torsås
• Kinda
GWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Prognos
GWh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Prognos
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 4 (example of electricity from pulp mills)
Södra Cell invests in new turbinesMörrum 23 MW (CHP) - 2005 Värö 50 MW (CHP) - 2006Mönsterås 40 MW (condensing power) - 2006
Total investment ~580 MSEK ( approx 55 M€)
Generation …………….. 1800 GWhInternal use………………. 1400 GWhTo grid…………..…….. 400 GWh
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPulp/paper Industry 5 (ethanol)
KW/ideseminarium-060913 - 4
SEKAB, Örnsköldsvik13.000 tonnes/y from sulfite spent liquor
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. Mapping of Existing BiorefineriesPower and Heat Production Industry
• District heating about 50 TWh/y – 41TWh/y from biomass• Rapid increase as many private homes convert from oil
and electricity
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects
1. FRAM2, 2006 – 2008
2. BLG 2, 2007- 2010
3. Ethanol program, 2007-2010
4. EU FP6, WaCheUp, 2005-2008
5. CHRISGAS, 2004-2009
6. Cluster Biorefinery, 2005-2008
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 1
FRAM2-program (Future Resource Adopted Mill)
Coordinator STFI-Packforsk
Duration: 2006-2008, Budget: 8 M€
Financing: Swedish Energy Agency and industry
Partners: STFI-Packforsk, Chalmers University of Technology, Lunds TechnicalUniversity, ÅF, Södra Cell, Stora Enso, Weyerhaeuser, Fortum, E.on, Aga Linde
Key research facility: Demonstration plant for removal of lignin from black liquor, Bäckhammar, Sweden
Objective: To improve the LignoBoost process, handling, incineration of lignin and to produce design data for full scale removal of lignin from black liquor
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 2
BLG 2-program (Black liquor gasification program)
Coordinator ETC, Piteå, Sweden
Duration: 2007-2010, Budget:9 M€
Financing: Energy Agencyand industry ( SCA, Sveaskog, Smurfit Kappa, Södra, Vattenfall)
Partners: ETC, Umeå University, STFI-Packforsk, Chalmers University of Technology, Luleå University of Technology
Key research facility: Pilot plant gasifier i Piteå, Sweden
Objective: To close technological knowledge gaps that are in the way of large-scale commercialization of pressurized black liquor gasification for DME or electricity
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 3
Ethanol program
Coordinator : Sekab E-technology
Duration: 2007-2010, Budget: 16 M€
Financing: Swedish Energy Agency
Key research facility: Pilot plant for acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
Objective: Scaling up and commercialisation of technology for integrated production of ethanol from lignocellulose materials
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesNational and EC Projects 4
WaCheUp
Coordinator: STFI-Packforsk
Duration: 2005-2008, Budget: 2.5 M€
Financing: EU FP6 and industry
Participitants: Kemira, M-Real, Södra, Perstorp, Aracruz, Weyerhaeuser, UPM-Kymmene, Sappi, Alabama River Pulp, Raisio Life Sciences, Bakelite,Stora Enso, Korsnäs, Frantschach
Partners: STFI-Packforsk, VTT, Åbo Akademi, University of Aveiro, University of Lund, Chalmers University of Technology, Amorim
Objective: To upgrade low-value residual products from pulp and corkmanufacture into value-added bio-based chemicals.
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities National and EC Projects 5
CHRISGAS, Växjö University, Sweden,
Duration: 2005-2009, Budget: 49 M€
Financing: Swedish energy agency, EU-FP6 and industry
Partners: Växjö University, Södra, Perstorp, Linde, TU Delft …….. (19 total)
Key research facility: Biomass fuelled pressurized IGCC plant in Värnamo, Sweden
Objective:To develop a large scale biomass gasification process to produceclean hydrogen-rich gas which can be used for the production of transport fuels.
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities National and EC Projects 6
Cluster Biorefinery
Coordinator: STFI-Packforsk
Duration:2005-2008, Budget: 2.8 M€
Financing: Industry
Participitants: Kemira, M-Real, Södra, Perstorp, Aracruz, Weyerhaeuser, UPM-Kymmene, Sappi, Alabama River Pulp
Objective: Novel technologies for valorisation of pulp mill residues – into value-added chemicals – without negatively affecting the overall process performance or the quality of the primary fibre products.
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFI biorefining activities covers
� Existing alternatives (energy efficiency)
� Thermal route
� Value prior to pulping
� Value after pulping (spent liquors)
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFIs Biorefinery Strategy
� Intact fibre production� Focus on the major components� Combine
• Efficient separation process• Mill integration
• Strong chemical competence• Selected applications
� Strategic cooperation with industruy and selected research centres
� Strong value chains
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Biofuels
Integrated
Energy
System
Fibre processing
Primary treat-ment
Pulpwood
Forestry/agriresidues and used recycled fibres
Pulp/paper
Chemicals
The Future Pulp Mill Biorefinery
Conver-sion
Conver-sion
Black liquor Heat, electricity
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
By-products - Standard Kraft Pulp Mill
Unit: kg/t pulp
100
340
Birch
30
510
Spruce
40Xylan- black liquor
340Lignin - black liquor
Eucalypt
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
STFI-VTT FORCE Concept
Gasification
Recovery
Separation processes
Pretreat-ment
Hemicelluloses
Forestryresidues
Pulping
CO2
Off-gas
Hydroxyacids
Lignin
Xylan
Cellulose fibres
Syngas(CO, H2)
Pretreat-ment
Hemicelluloses
Woodchips
Motor fuels
Fuel synthesis
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities
turning science into realityAxegård Overview Biorefing 2007-09-28 28
Carbon Fibres - HW Lignin
turning science into realityAxegård Overview Biorefing 2007-09-28 29
Lignin Dispersant – Case Kaolin/Water
Modified LignoBoostlignin added
No lignin added
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activities Pilot Plants
1. Syngas from wood, Värnamo 2. Syngas from black liquor, Piteå
3. Ethanol from wood,
Örnsköldsvik
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot1 - Syngas from Wood
� CHRISGAS - Hydrogen Rich Syngas
� Key research facility: Biomass fuelled pressurized IGCC plant in Värnamo, Sweden
� Coordinator: Växjö University, Sweden,� www.chrisgas.com
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot 2 - Syngas from Black Liquor
� BLG2-program� Key research facility: Black liquor gasifier with quench and
gas cooler ( 20 T DS/d, 32 bar, 3 MW), Piteå, Sweden� Coordinator: ETC, Piteå, Sweden� www.etc.pitea.se/BLG
•> 1200 h accumulated run-time
•Continuous operation 2007
•Focus on long-term behaviour, process optimisation, scale-up and containment materials
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
Pilot 3 - Ethanol from Wood
� Ethanol Program� Key research facility: Pilot plant for acid and enzymatic
hydrolysis in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden� Coordinator: Sekab E-technology� www.sekab.com
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesDemonstration Plants 1
Future Resource Adopted Pulp Mill - FRAM2
Key research facility: Demonstration plant in Bäckhammar for lignin from black liquor (2007-2008, 20 t/d)
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. RTD-activitiesDemonstration Plants 1
Lignin from demo plant used as fuel in CHP together with coal
Succeful trial with oil replacementFirst Delivery to Fortum VärmeMarch 2007
Country Report “Identification Current Processing Potential and Mapping Existing Biorefineries”
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. Major National StakeholdersForest owners: Sveaskog, private owners
Pulp and paper industry: Södra, Domsjö (others will join shortly)
Chemical industry: Perstorp, Akzo
Energy industry: Fortum, E.on, Vattenfall, Preem, Statoil
Automotive industry: Volvo, SAAB
Other industry: Chemrec, SEKAB, SunPine
Agri industry: Lantmännen
Institutes; STFI-Packforsk, ETC
Universities: Växjö Univ., Umeå Univ. Univ. of Lund, Chalmers Univ. of Technology
GOs: Swedish Energy Agency