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IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 2
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
LecturerLecturer
Klaus-Peter BrandABB Switzerland LtdABB University Switzerland & ABB Power Technology Systems (Utility Automation)Member of TC 57 WG10Editor of IEC 61850-5Co-editor of IEC 61850-7-4 Co-editor of IEC 61850-10 Member of Group of Experts handling amendments, updates and extensions of IEC 61850 Liaison officer CIGRE SC B5 – IEC [email protected]
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 3
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Scope and SA structureScope and SA structure
Stationbus
Processbus
Stationgateway
Stationcomputer
HMI
IEC 61850 means Serial Communication for all functions both between Station/Bay Level and Bay/Process Level
Control Protection Protection& Control
Control Protection
Process Interface Process Interface Process Interface
Stationlevel
Baylevel
Processlevel Switchgear/Switchyard
Cu wires
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 4
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Situation before IEC 61850Situation before IEC 61850
DNP LON 60870-5-101/4
60870-5-103 FIELDBUSMODBUS PROFIBUS
Protection1
Protection1
Protection2
Protection2
Station Gateway
CentralFunctions
HM I
Processinterface Processinterface Processinterface
MVB,CAN others
Protection& Control
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 5
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Because of the• global, deregulated market• transnational business of utilities• international business of providers
one and only one global standardfor communication in substationsand beyond is needed
Market requirementMarket requirement
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 6
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Requirements and meaningRequirements and meaning
Free configuration The standard shall support different philosophiesand allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized (SCS like) systems.
Interoperability The ability for IED’s from one or several manufacturer to exchange information and usethe information for the their own functions.
Long term stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication technology as well as evolving system requirements.
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 7
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
The structure of IEC 61850 The structure of IEC 61850 –– (1)(1)
Configuration
Part 6: Configuration Languagefor electricalSubstation IEDs
Part 1: Introduction andOverview
System Aspects
Part 2: Glossary
Part 3: General Requirements
Part 4: System and ProjectManagement
Part 5: Comm. Requirementfor Functions andDevice Models
IEC 61850IEC 61850--x x (x = (x = part numberpart number))
IEC 61850is readyfor use
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 8
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Part 10: Conformance Testing
Mapping to real Comm. Networks (SCSM)
Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
Part 9-1: Sampled Values over Serial UnidirectionalMulti-drop Point-to-Point link
Part 9-2: Sampled values over ISO 8802-3
Testing
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Data Models
Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes and Data Classes
Part 7-1: Principles and Models
Abstract Communication Services
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services (ACSI)
IEC 61850IEC 61850--x x (x = (x = part numberpart number))
The structure of IEC 61850 The structure of IEC 61850 –– (2)(2)
IEC 61850
is ready
for use
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 9
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Suppliers: see exhibition at Cigre exhibition Paris 2004
Booth of IEC 61850 Users Group „UCA International“
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 10
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Suppliers: participation at the UCA International booth
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 11
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Acceptance by Customers: Pilot projects Acceptance by Customers: Pilot projects
Pilot projects have been started at the end of 2004
They are not part of the Tutorial
but will be reportedin the
Workshops or in the
Manufacturers’ Forum
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 12
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Approach and meaningApproach and meaning
ApplicationDomainSubstation
CommunicationTechnology
Slow
Fast
Problem for standardization approach
Solution for standardization approach
DATA MODELObjectsService
ISO/OSIseven layer stack
7654321
APPLICATIONswitching devices
protection & controlcommands, events,
alarms,…
COMMUNICATIONmessages,
telegrams, frameson the wire
…
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 13
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Introduction of Logical nodesIntroduction of Logical nodes
Communication relations in a Substation Automation System
Information is exchanged between all devices (IED)which comprise the system
More precisely, data are exchanged between thefunctions and sub-functions residing in the devices
The smallest part of the function that exchanges datais called Logical Node (LN) in IEC 61850. The LNperforms some operations for the overall function
IED IEDLN LN
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 14
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Circuit BreakerQ0_L1/XCBR
Gas density mon.Q0_L1/SIMG Primary technology
Secondary technology
ControlQ0/CSWIQ8/CSWIQ9/CSWI
Bay-HMIIHMI
Distance Protection
PDIS
IsolatorQ9_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.Q9_L1/SIMG
Earthing SwitchQ8_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.Q8_L1/SIMG
Logical Nodes in the Language of Substation Engineers
Example GIS
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 15
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Logical Node Groups (First letter listed)Logical Node Groups (First letter listed)
L System LN (2)P Protection (28)R Protection related (10)C Control (5)G Generic (3)I Interfacing and archiving (4)A Automatic control (4)
M Metering and measurement (8)S Sensor and monitoring (4)X Switchgear (2)T Instrument transformers (2)Y Power transformers (4)Z Further power system
equipment (15)
ExamplesPDIF: Differential protectionRBRF: Breaker failureXCBR: Circuit breaker
CSWI: Switch controllerMMXU: Measurement unitYPTR: Power transformer
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 16
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Data model: HierarchyData model: Hierarchy
Physical Device (IED)defined as Server
↑ Implementation
Bay Unit
Logical Device (LD)
↑ Grouping
Control
Logical Node (LN)Logical Node (LN) CSWI CSWI Switch Control
Data (Object)
Data ↓Position
AttributeProperties ↓
Value
Control Valueoff/on
Status Valueintermediate/off/on/bad
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 17
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Common LLN0
ProtectionPTOC Str Op
LLN0
ControlCSWI Pos ctlVal stVal
LLN0
ControlSwitch ControlPosition
Control ValueStatus Value
ProtectionOvercurrentStart/Pick-upOperate/Trip
CommonLLN0Name plate
“Vendor etc.”
Data model: Hierarchical set of objectsData model: Hierarchical set of objects
Phys
ical
Dev
ice
(Ser
ver)
Example: Modeling of a combinedExample: Modeling of a combinedControlControl--Protection deviceProtection device
See IEC 61850-7-1,2,3,4
Data container with related data
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 18
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Device Example: Combined Protection and Control Unit
Device Example: CombisensorDevice Example: Circuit Breaker
Device Example: Station Workplace
XCBR(Circuit Breaker)
TCTR(Current Transformer)
TVTR(Voltage Transformer)
CSWI(Switch Controller)
PDIS(Distance Protection)
IHMI(Human Machine IF)
LNs inin devices (IEDs)
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 19
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Example for Logical Node: Example for Logical Node: LN XCBR out of IEC 61850LN XCBR out of IEC 61850--77--44
XCBR class Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T M/O
LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)
Data Common Logical Node Information see Example for Logical Node (1) LN shall inherit all Mandatory Data from Common Logical Node Class M Loc SPS Local operation (local means without substation automation communication,
hardwired direct control) M
EEHealth INS External equipment health O EEName DPL External equipment name plate O OpCnt INS Operation counter M Controls
Pos DPC Switch position M
BlkOpn SPC Block opening M
BlkCls SPC Block closing M
ChaMotEna SPC Charger motor enabled O
Metered Values
SumSwARs BCR Sum of Switched Amperes, resetable O
Status Information
CBOpCap INS Circuit breaker operating capability M
POWCap INS Point On Wave switching capability O
MaxOpCap INS Circuit breaker operating capability when fully charged O
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 20
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
CDC double point control (CDC double point control (DPCDPC))
Attribute Name
Attribute Type
ctlVal BOOLEANoperTm TimeStampstVal CODED ENUMq Qualityt TimeStamp
Control and status
pulseConfig PulseConfigctlModel CtlModelssboTimeout INT32UsboClass SboClassesd Visible String255
Configuration and description
subEna BOOLEANsubVal CODED ENUMsubQ QualitysubID Visible String64
Substitution
intermediate/off/on/bad
off/on
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 21
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
PDIS class Attribute Name Attr. Type Explanation T M/O LNName Shall be inherited from Logical-Node Class (see IEC 61850-7-2). Data Common Logical Node Information see Example for Logical Node (1) LN shall inherit all Mandatory Data from Common Logical Node Class. M OpCntRs INC Resetable operation counter O Status Information Str ACD Start M Op ACT Operate T M Settings PoRch ASG Polar Reach is the diameter of the Mho diagram O PhStr ASG Phase Start Value O GndStr ASG Ground Start Value O DirMod ING Directional Mode O PctRch ASG Percent Reach O Ofs ASG Offset O PctOfs ASG Percent Offset O RisLod ASG Resistive reach for load area O AngLod ASG Angle for load area O
more …
Example for Logical Node: Example for Logical Node: LN PDIS out of IEC 61850LN PDIS out of IEC 61850--77--44
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 22
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Common data classes (CDC)Common data classes (CDC)
Status information (7)
Measured information (9)
Controllable status (5)
Controllable analogue (1)
Status settings (2)
Analogue settings (2)
Description information (3)
ExamplesSPS: Single point statusACT: Protection activation
informationMV: Measured valueWYE: 3 Phase measured value
DPC: Double point controlSPG: single point settingDPL: Device nameplate
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 23
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
ServicesServices
read a value / attributewrite configuration attributes
control a device (direct operate / select before operate)event oriented communication with reportinglocal storage of time-stamped events in a logget directory informationfile transfer for e.g.
- parameter and software download- upload from monitoring information like travel curves or history of
gas density values
Transfer of generic object oriented system events (GOOSE)Transfer of sampled analog values (SAV)
StandardizedStandardized data accessdata access and and transfertransfer (Services)(Services)
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 24
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
IEC 61850: Details for Communication services IEC 61850: Details for Communication services
Client Server Communication
Sampled Values
Data Model (Objects,Services)
Ethernet Link LayerEthernet Physical Layer with Priority tagging (100 Mbit/s)
Real timeCommunication
IPTCP
MMS
Stack selection according to the state-of-the-artCommunication technology
Mapping
GOOSE*
SA specific data modelevolves slowlyCommunication technologychanges quicklySplitting of SA specificdata model fromcommunication technology
StackInterface
AbstractCommunicationServicesInterface (ACSI)
ISO/OSI – StackHierarchical set ofRules how information is coded for transmissionAccording to state-of-the art communication technology
Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology
* Generic Object Oriented Substation Event
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 25
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Client-server communication and reporting
Client-server communicationusing full seven layer stackconfirmed transmission layer very reliablerelatively time consuming.
Therefore, the client-server communication is not suited for time-critical data transmission but very well for the communication with an operator having a response time of the order of 1 s.
The clientasks the server for information.changes by parameter setting the behavior of the serverissues commands via the server e.g. to switchgearconfigures at the server conditions which allow the server to send a report automatically to the client (report control block)
The content of the report is defined by a data set. In contrast to master-slavemulitiple client-server links are possible.
The server communicationis the source of all data for the client
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 26
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Time critical communication with GOOSE Time critical communication with GOOSE
time
No data change
GOOSE messages (content defined by data set) are repeated with maximum interval Tmax
Tmax = 1024 ms Tmax = 1024 ms
time
Data change GOOSE messages starts immediately with the changed values in some short repetition intervals (Tmin), then the interval will be increase (fast or slowly) to Tmax
Tmax = 1024 ms
Tmax = 1024 ms
b
Tmax = 1024 ms
Tmin = 2 ms
Problem for real-time data:No time for acknowledgementNo time for repetition after loss detected
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 27
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Time critical data flow with SV (sample values)Time critical data flow with SV (sample values)
Problem for real-time data:No time for acknowledgementNo time for repetition after loss detected
Benefit for samples:Some few samples may be lost without impact on the function to be performed
Sampled values (SV) messages are very similar to GOOSE messages:
SV messages are defined with help of data sets; the start event is a continuous clocks pulse
The problem is the high synchronicity requested for phasors (about 1 µs);this problem has to be solved by time pulses for the time being.
An extensions for time synchronization over the bus according to IEEE 1588is not yet included but in preparation for IEC 61850
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 28
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
To provide interoperability a formal description of the Substation Automation System with all communication links is needed
All IED capabilities have to be described formally in an unambiguous way
All communication services applicable have to be described formally in an unambiguous way
The relationship between the switchgear (single line) and the data of the substation automation system have to be described formally in an unambiguous way
Formal description of device and system structure
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 29
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
OutlookBU 1 BU 2 BU 3 BU 4
HMI GW
Topics of SCLTopics of SCL
Data model (server side) with services: IED capability description
Instatiable types of LNs (LN Type), Data objects (DO types), Data attributes (DA types)
What inputs, e.g. GOOSE messages belong to an IED? Input section !
Data sets and control blocks for report and GOOSE messages
Access points for LAN connection
Allocation to Single line diagram
Description of Single line diagram
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 30
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
For the formal description is provided by theSubstation Configuration description Language (SCL)Substation Configuration description Language (SCL)
based on XMLdefined in part 6 of the standard (IEC 61850-6)
usable forIED Configuration Description (ICD) filesSystem Configuration Description (SCD) fileSystem functional specification (SSD)
and more
The engineering information is exchangeable between tools !!!
See IEC 61850-6
SCL: Formal description of device and system structureSCL: Formal description of device and system structure
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 31
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
System specification description (SSD) file
SystemDocumentation
files
Dev
ice
Sele
ctio
n
Systemconfigurator
Single LineDiagram(S/S spec)
Feeder Block Diagram(function spec)
Device (IED)
System Configuration
Description (SCD) file
IED Capability De-scription (ICD) file
Device specific
tool
SCD file part per
IED
SCL files
The Engineering Process with SCLThe Engineering Process with SCL
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 32
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
BU 1 BU 2 BU 3 BU 4
HMI GW
Design exampleDesign example
EthernetSwitch
EthernetRing
Bay Control and/or Protection Unit
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 33
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
IEC 61850: What is standardized and what not ?IEC 61850: What is standardized and what not ?
Standardized
Not standardized
Data model with LN, DO, AttributesServicesConfiguration Language (SCL)ICD file (requested) and other SCL based files
LD and high plant identificationFunctions Allocation of functions to IEDsSA concepts and architecturesRedundancyTools and engineering process
IEC 61850 Short Tutorial March2005 / Page 34
Market requirements
Scope
The standard structure
Acceptance
Approach
Logical Nodes and objects
Hierarchical data model
Services
SCL
Outlook
FutureFuture
Maintenance of IEC 61850 within substations Work started to use use IEC 61850 also outside the substation, i.e.
for wind power, for hydro power, for distributed energy resources (DER)
The feasibility of IEC 61850 for the link to the NCC has been proven, a harmonization between the data model of IEC 61850 and the CIM model on Network Level is in progress
New work items to use IEC 61850 for line protection (teleprotection) are in preparation.
The IEC TC57 WG10 takes care to the common data modelThe user group UCA International promotes the standard andtries to support all users.
The goal is a seamless communication architecture for utilities
Activities