Initial Environmental Examination ___ March 2012
IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program – Davanagere Subprojects (Tranche 3) Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 28 March 2012)
Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.01965
$1.00 = INR 50.865
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB - Asian Development Bank SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement ASP - Activated Sludge Process BM - Bituminous Macadam CTO - consent to operate DoEEF - Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan EP Act - Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GoI - Government of India GoK - Government of Karnataka GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism GSB - Granular Sub-base IEE - Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB - Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD - Million Litre per Day MFF - multi-tranche financing facility MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL - Mean Sea Level MSS - Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC - No Objection Certificate NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen OM - Operations Manual PCC - Plain Cement Concrete PIU - project implementation unit PWD - Public Works Department SOx - Oxides of Sulphur STP - Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM - Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM - Wet Mix Macadam WRDO - Water Resource Development Organization
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
cm - centimeter crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 km – kilometer kph - kilometer per hour lpd – liters per day m – meter
mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter MSL - mean sea level μ - 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter μS/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit ppm – parts per million
NOTES In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.
“INR” refers to Indian rupees
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Overview 1 B. Environmental Compliance Requirements 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT 4 A. Location of the Subproject 4 B. Existing Condition and Need for the Subproject 4 C. Proposed Components 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 8 A. A. Physical Characteristics 8 B. B. Biological Characteristics 10 C. Socio Economic Characteristics 10
D. Cultural and Historic Places 11 E. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites 11
IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 12 A. Design and Location of the Proposed Components 13 B. Pre-Construction Stage 14 C. Construction Stage 15 D. Operation and Maintenance Stage 20 E. Cumulative Impact Assessment 22 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 23 A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE 23 B. Future Consultations and Information Disclosure 27 C. Grievance Redress Mechanism 28 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 29 A. Institutional Arrangement 29 B. Environmental Management Plan 32 C. Capacity Building and Training Needs 48 D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan 49 E. Monitoring and Reporting 50 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 APPENDIXES: 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 52 2. Noise Standards 55 3. Occupation Noise Exposure 59 4. Resolution of Davangere CMC on the Implementation of the Subproject 60 5. Sample Grievance Registration Form 61 6. Suggested Environmental Monitoring Report Format 62
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) in its effort to boost economic growth in the northern region is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. The broad goal of the Investment Program is to address issues pertaining to regional imbalances within Karnataka through focused urban infrastructure investments in 25 selected cities. The Program uses a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality and will be implemented from 2006 to 2015. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations as per its Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses components proposed under Tranche 3 which includes sewerage components, and are based on the detailed project reports (DPRs). 2. Categorization. The project is considered Category B as per the SPS as no significant impacts are envisioned. This IEE assesses the environmental impacts and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no significant impacts as a result of the subproject. 3. Scope. Under Tranche 3 (proposed), the subproject includes construction of trunk, sub main sewers with interceptors, and laterals; interconnection of existing network to the new sewerage network, construction of interceptors along the drains, rehabilitation of non-hydraulic portions of the sewerage network, and construction of a sewerage treatment plant (STP). The objective of the subproject is to improve environmental sanitation of the city and its residents and minimize health and pollution risks from discharge of untreated sewage into the surrounding water bodies. 4. Implementation Arrangements. KUIDFC is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. Implementation activities will be overseen by a separate Program Management Unit (PMU) in its head office at Bangalore, in coordination with its regional office in Hubli-Dharwad and four divisional offices established to supervise the implementing agencies in each geographical area. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials, including safeguards specialists, will assist the PMU in controlling and monitoring Program implementation activities. The Implementing Agencies (IA) are primarily ULBs in co-ordination with various other agencies of GoK. Project implementation units (PIUs) dedicated exclusively to the project are set up in each town. The PIUs will be staffed by qualified and experienced officers and are responsible for the day-to-day activities of project implementation in the field, and will be under the direct administrative control of the PMU. Consultant teams are responsible for subproject planning and management and assuring technical quality of design and construction; and designing the infrastructure and supervising construction; and safeguards preparation. 5. Description of Environment. The subproject is located within the Davangere City Municipal Corporation (CMC) limits of North Karnataka. The subproject sites are located in existing right of ways (RoWs) and government-owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those which are commonly found in urban areas. The components will support small, non-invasive interventions. Traffic management will be
necessary during pipe-laying works on busy roads. 6. Environmental Management. An environmental management plan (EMP) is included as part of this IEE, which includes (i) mitigation measures for environmental impacts during implementation; (ii) an environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigating, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and (iv) a grievance redress mechanism. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs. The EMP will be included in civil work bidding and contract documents. 7. Locations and siting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. These include (i) locating all facilities on government-owned land to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people; (ii) improving sewerage network in RoWs alongside main/access roads, to reduce acquisition of land and impacts on livelihoods specifically in densely populated areas of the city. Regardless of these actions, there will be impacts on the environment when the infrastructure is built and when it is operating. This is mainly because of (i) the invasive (but temporary) nature of open trenching and excavation during construction; (ii) the sewerage network passing along high traffic roads of the city. 8. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of excess soil and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well-developed methods for their mitigation. Measures such as conducting work in lean season and minimizing inconvenience by best construction methods will be employed. Once the system is operating, most facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only. 9. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all measures are implemented, and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB. 10. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example, it is proposed that the subproject will: (i) employ in the workforce, to the extent possible, people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with short-term economic gain; and (ii) ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities. 11. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the subproject. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the city and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and KUIDFC websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. NGOs are recruited under the project to facilitate this process. 12. The most noticeable long-term benefits due to the subproject are: (i) increased access to
sewerage system; and (ii) reduced pollution and improved urban public and environmental health in Davangere City. Implementation of the sewerage schemes would enhance health and hygiene conditions of the city. 13. Consultation, Disclosure, and Grievance Redress. Public consultations were done in the preparation of the project and IEE. Ongoing consultations will occur throughout the project implementation period with the assistance of the NGOs. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly. 14. Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU, PIU, and DSC consultants will be responsible for monitoring. The DSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. 15. Conclusions and Recommendations. Therefore, the proposed Davangere subprojects in sewerage under Tranche 3 are unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant environmental impacts, and the classification of the project as category B is confirmed, and no further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009).
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Overview
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) in its effort to boost economic growth in the northern region is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. The broad goal of the Investment Program is to address issues pertaining to regional imbalances within Karnataka through focused urban infrastructure investments in 25 selected cities. The Program uses a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality and will be implemented from 2006 to 2015. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations as per its Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses components proposed under Tranche 3 which includes sewerage components, and are based on the detailed project reports (DPRs). 2. Under Tranche 3, the major outputs include sewerage improvement. These components are based on the detailed project reports (DPRs) for both components. The IEE is based on an assessment of these components within the project area. 3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. B. Environmental Compliance Requirements
1. ADB Policy
4. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, and loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans. 5. Screening and Categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impact are assigned to one of the following four categories:
(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts.
(ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.
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(iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed.
(iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all Projects will result in insignificant impacts.
6. Environmental Management Plan (EMP). An EMP which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the Project’s impact and risks. 7. Public Disclosure. The IEE will be put in an accessible place (e.g., local government offices, libraries, community centers, etc.), and a summary translated into Assamese for the project-affected people and other stakeholders. ADB will post the following safeguard documents on its website so affected people, other stakeholders, and the general public can provide meaningful inputs into the project design and implementation:
(i) Final IEE upon receipt; and (ii) Environmental Monitoring Reports submitted by PMU/PIU during project implementation upon receipt. 2. Applicable Legislations
8. The implementation of the subprojects will be governed by central, state and municipal/local environmental acts, rules, regulations, and standards. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. It is the responsibility of the NKUSIP executing and implementing agencies to ensure subprojects are consistent with the legal framework, whether national, state or municipal/local. In addition, subprojects shall also be consistent with ADB SPS. The following legislations in Table 1 are applicable to the subproject. 9. Key standards include those related to drinking water quality, air quality, effluent discharge, and protected areas. Compliance is required in all stages of the project including design, construction, and operation and maintenance.
Table 1: Applicable Environmental Regulations Law Description Requirement
EIA Notification The EIA Notification of 2006 and 2009 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), set out the requirement for environmental assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance is required for certain defined activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. Category A projects require Environmental Clearance from the National Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF). Category B projects require Environmental Clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA).
The proposed components of this subproject are not listed in the EIA Notification’s “Schedule of Projects Requiring Prior Environmental Clearance” and thus Environmental Clearance is not required.
Water (Prevention Control of water pollution is achieved through The proposed components of this
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Law Description Requirement
and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, Rules of 1975, and amendments
administering conditions imposed in consent issued under provision of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974. These conditions regulate the quality and quantity of effluent, the location of discharge and the frequency of monitoring of effluents. Any component of the Project having the potential to generate sewage or trade effluent will come under the purview of this Act, its rules and amendments. Such projects have to obtain Consent for Establishment (CFE) from Karnataka Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) before starting implementation and Consent for Operation (CFO) before commissioning. The Water Act also requires the occupier of such subprojects to take measures for abating the possible pollution of receiving water bodies.
subproject are listed in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act therefore will require CTE and CTO.
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, Rules of 1982 and amendments.
The subprojects having potential to emit air pollutants into the atmosphere have to obtain CFE from KSPCB before starting implementation and CFO before commissioning the project. The occupier of the project/facility has the responsibility to adopt necessary air pollution control measures for abating air pollution. The following will require CFE and CFO from KSPCB: (i) diesel generators; and (ii) hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers, etc. if installed for construction. All relevant forms, prescribed fees and procedures to obtain the CFE and CFO can be found in the KSPCB website (www.kspcb.gov.in).
Diesel generators are proposed under the project and will required CFE and CFO from KSPCB.
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 amended up to 2010.
Rule 3 of the Act specifies ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones.
Appendix 2 provides applicable noise standards. This will be applicable especially for the diesel generators.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-126
NIOSH has laid down criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure. The standard is a combination of noise exposure levels and duration that no worker exposure shall equal or exceed.
Appendix 3 provides applicable NIOSH occupational noise standards.
Land Acquisition Act of 1894
Private land acquisition is guided by the provisions and procedures in this Act. The District Collector or any other officer designated will function as the Land Acquisition Officer on behalf of the Government. There is a provision for consent award to reduce the time for processing if the land owners are willing to agree on the price fixed by the Land Acquisition Officer.
For the subproject, there will be no land acquisition and no temporary resettlement of shops and establishment will be involved.
Karnataka Preservation of Trees Act, 1976
The rule states that those who want to fell trees will have to obtain permission from the Department of Forest.
Permission from the Department of Forest will be required if trees, particularly those looked upon as sacred groves, identifies as belonging to an endangered species, or given the status of heritage, will be cut/felled.
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
No child below 14 years of age will be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupations set forth in the Act’s Part A of the Schedule or in any workshop wherein any of the processes set forth in Part B of the Schedule.
No children between the ages of 14 to 18 years will be engaged in hazardous working conditions.
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3. Applicable International Agreements
10. In addition, international conventions such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)1, Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)2, and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance3 are applicable for selection and screening of subprojects under restricted/sensitive areas. India is a party to these conventions. For the subproject, animals and plant species found in the subproject sites are not included in the IUCN Red List.
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT
A. Location of the Subproject
11. Davangere City is divided into 3 drainage districts. The subproject will improve the sewerage network in one of the drainage districts (District 1) which includes the central and most populated areas of the city. The sewerage treatment plant (STP) will be located adjacent to the existing Davangere City STP. The subproject sites are located in existing right of ways (RoWs) and government-owned land. B. Existing Condition and Need for the Subproject
12. The present sewer network covers only about 51% of the CMC area. In the remaining areas, individual septic tank and dry latrines exist. Some of the houses are provided with individual septic tanks and there are a few public toilets. Sewage flows into the septic tanks and its supernatant overflows cause’s odour nuisance. The sullage and sewage from some of the households in the town are presently let into open drains/channels which ultimately accumulate as stagnated water bodies in the low lying areas, leading to health risks, breeding of mosquitoes and unsanitary conditions. In most of the areas sewage, sullage and storm water are presently discharged into open drains, which are in turn connected to nearby open channels thus eventually leading to Tungabhadra River which is the main source of water supply for the city as well as many surrounding cities. 13. The population of Davanagere City is close to 5 lakhs in 2011 and is likely to grow to about 10 lakhs by 2041. The corresponding sewage flows expected will be 56 million liters per
1 The IUCN provides the Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) which
is a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as help the international community to try to reduce species extinction.
2 CMS, also known as the Bonn Convention, recognizes that states must be the protectors of migratory species that
live within or pass through their national jurisdictions, and aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their ranges. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix I of the Convention. CMS Parties strive towards strictly protecting these species, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them.
3 The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (also called as Ramsar Convention) provides the
framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. According to the Ramsar list of wetlands of international Importance, there are 25 designated wetlands in India which are required to be protected. Activities undertaken in the proximity of Ramsar wetlands shall follow the guidelines of the convention.
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day to 117 MLD in these years, while the current treatment capacity is less than 20 MLD and uses facultative aerobic lagoon system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase the sewage collection and treatment capacity for the city. 14. Similarly, though the sewage collection coverage is 51%, and the sewerage network is connected to a main conveyance system which brings it to the existing STP, the main trunk sewers were not designed and laid to collect the entire sewage that gets generated in the district. This is leading sewage into into storm water drains at nearby locations. Analysis carried out by the Program Consultants shows that if these laterals are properly connected by laying a set of trunk and sub mains, most sewage generated from the city can be collected and brought for treatment. Similarly there are lot of outfalls that are draining into the primary storm drains, it is also essential to intercept these by laying sewers through the drainage channel. Sensitivity analysis carried out by the consultants has identified that laying these in zone 1 out of the three sewerage zones in the city will provide maximum benefit in protecting the environmental sanitation and provide the greatest health benefits to the city. A comprehensive sewerage scheme for the entire city has been prepared and GoK has assured that it will provide sewerage in additional areas of the city in near future. C. Proposed Components
15. The description of the proposed components is presented in Table 2. The objective of the subproject is to improve environmental sanitation of the city and its residents and minimize health and pollution risks from discharge of untreated sewage into the surrounding water bodies.
Table 2: Description of the Sewerage Subproject Components Component Description Remarks
1. Sewerage Components in Package 03DVG 02 - Drainage District -1
No land acquisition required. Alignment will be on existing ROWs
Trunk Main Length: 6.49 km Diameter varying from 300mm to 1400 mm
Trunk Main Length: 4.23 km Diameter varying from 300mm to 1000mm
Outfall Sewer Length: 1.05 km Diameter: Along the existing kutcha drain following natural gradient towards proposed STP.
Interceptors 4.479(km)
Integration 6.848(km)
Manholes 815(No)
2. Proposal Components in Package 03DVG02A
20MLD with SBR technology Major components: Wet well cum pumphouse, preliminary treatment units, SBR process units, centrifuge for sludge drying, and utility building.
No land acquisition required. The proposed subproject will be located adjacent to the existing STP. There is available minimum 100-m buffer zone around the proposed STP.
1. Implementation Schedule
16. The detailed project report is expected to be completed by August 2012. Construction
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work is likely to commence in August 2013 and will be completed by 2015 24 months construction period).
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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Physical Characteristics
17. Davanagere is located in the south-central part of Karnataka. Geographically, the town is located at a latitude of 14°28′ N and longitude of 75°59′E. It lies in the Bayalu Seeme or the Maidan region on the Deccan Plateau and is bounded by the districts of Shimoga on the south-west, Haveri on the north-west, Bellary on the north-east and Chitradurga on the south east. 18. The town is primarily an educational and commercial centre and is located on Pune-Bangalore NH-4 at a distance of about 260 km from Bangalore. The town extends to an area of 75.02 sq. km and houses more than 364,523 population as per Census 2001. 19. The town is situated at an altitude of 602.5 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL) and the topography generally slopes to the north and west. The ground levels vary from maximum of 618 m at the TV station to a low level of 562 m near the existing STP. The predominant soils in this town are red sandy soil and black cotton soil. The major commercial crops grown in this town are paddy, ragi, jowar, maize, cotton and oil seeds. 20. As per the seismic zoning map of India, the Davanagere town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earthquake risk zone in India. This zone is termed as “low damage risk zone”. 21. The town is characterized with hot summer months and low rainfalls during monsoon. The temperature varies from 350C to 380C during summer and from 160C to 200C during winter. Generally, April and May are the hottest months while December to February is the coldest. The following Table 8 shows the mean maximum and minimum temperature recorded in the region. As there was no meteorological observatory present at Davanagere, the data presented here is of the observatory located at Gadag, around 100 km north of Davanagere. This data is considered as representative data as both the towns are located in the same physiographical zone and also they are closely located. 22. The town experiences southwest monsoon from June to September and the period between the months of October and November can be termed as post monsoon months. The town experiences scanty rainfall and the long term annual average rainfall is 680 mm. The rainfall is confined and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September. The maximum rainfall is registered during the month of September. 23. The region experiences moderate winds; as shown in Figure 1, the wind blows predominantly from west during May to September while during November and December predominant wind direction is from east. Most of the winds occur in the range of 12 – 19 kmph, however during the period of June to August winds of more than 19 kmph also occur. The following Table 3 shows the climatological details.
Table 3: Climatological Characteristics of Davanagere Month Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature Relative Humidity Wind Speed Total
Rainfall
(O
C) (O
C) (% ) (kmph) (mm)
Jan 30.1 15.2 59.2 6.4 1.5
Feb 32.7 17.4 53.7 6.4 1.1
Mar 35.5 20.0 49.4 5.8 3.8
April 36.8 22.3 52.5 5.6 35.7
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Month Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature Relative Humidity Wind Speed Total Rainfall
(O
C) (O
C) (% ) (kmph) (mm)
May 35.6 22.7 59.2 7.2 79.2
June 31.1 21.8 70.5 10.7 67.2
July 28.8 21.3 77.1 11.2 99.6
Aug 28.3 21.0 78.7 10.2 83.5
Sep 29.6 20.6 74.9 7.5 119.4
Oct 29.9 20.2 72.8 6.9 112.5
Nov 29.3 17.9 68.2 5.7 42.1
Dec 28.9 15.5 63.9 8.2 7.7
Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore.
Source: Meteorological Centre, IMD, Bangalore (1969 – 1987 at Gadag Observatory) Wind Rose Diagram of Davanagere (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs)
24. Kunduwada Kere (lake) is the most important source of drinking water for the City and an inevitable component in this project proposal. There is another lake near the TV Station which has a good view of sunset and is a popular picnic spot. Bathi Lake, located beside the Bathi Hill and Avaragere Lake are yet other sources of water within the city limits, but with no significant contribution towards the project. 25. Soole kere (Shanthisagara tank) near Davanagere is a major water supply source and also second largest pond in Asia. It was built by namesake Princess Shanthi during 12th century. Now it is a water source for both drinking and agriculture. 26. Sizable population in Davanagere depends on groundwater for the daily water needs. However, the main source of water supply for the town is from the River Tungabhadra and canal systems of the Bhadra Reservoir. But in the unserved areas of the town, the population is dependent on groundwater sources. The groundwater table is the area is deep fluctuating between 30 m and 50 m below ground level.
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27. The Ground Water Quality in the district is generally potable and suitable for irrigation and domestic purposes. Electrical conductivity of ground water in general ranges from 584 to 2720 micro mhos /cm at 25 °C (Fig-7). In general ground water is of Carbonate and Bicarbonate type. Fluoride ranges from 0.2mg/l to 2.41 mg/l. Nitrate ranges from 10 to 352 mg/l. 28. As there are no major air pollution potential sources, the air quality of the town, in general, is within acceptable limits. Currently, no air quality monitoring stations are in operation within the city limit. B. Biological Characteristics
29. There are no forest areas within Davanagere and there are no sensitive environmental features such as national parks, wetlands, and biosphere reserves. The nearest sanctuary is the Ranebennur Blackbuck sanctuary, located at 25 km away from Davanagere. Since it is located far away from Davanagere city, there is no interference of the proposed Investment Program components. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in the city and its surroundings. C. Socio Economic Characteristics
30. Davanagere has witnessed significant growth in the urban population every decade especially after 1941. The population had increased from 287,233 in 1991 to 363,780 in 2001 indicating a decadal growth rate of 26.65 percent, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.39 percent. 31. The population density of Davanagere City during 1981-91 was 38.17 percent and there was an insignificant increase by 0.48 percent during 1991-01. This decrease in the population density can be attributed to the increase in the area under Davangere jurisdiction for providing urban services. In 1991, the Davangere area was increased by more than 130 percent and in the following year the population density figure was 26.04 percent, which indicates that the Davangere has enhanced its potential of providing services to more area, covering more population. This also indicates that Davangere is intending to decongest the densely populated old part of the city. 32. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 of male population) in Davanagere is 939, which is lower than the district and state urban average figures of 951 and 940 respectively. In 1991, the sex ratio of the town was 909. 33. Earlier, Davanagere was considered trade and commerce centre but, now, it is recognized more as an educational centre. Davanagere has a large Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) yard that caters to the surrounding towns and villages which mainly deals with cotton, paddy and oil seeds. Due to good connectivity by roads and railway line with other parts of the region, it has become a focal point for trade and commerce. 34. There are 44 declared slums in Davanagere. These together accounts for 8333 households and a population of 40861.
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D. Cultural and Historic Places
35. The town has important historical places like Durgambika temple, Betur, Karanji Mantapa, Bagli, Anekonda, Thomas church and Sulekere which enhances the beauty and importance of the town. There are no monuments or ancient buildings listed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Davanagere City or its surroundings E. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites
36. Sewer Lines. Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up areas of Davanagere City. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. 37. STP Site. The location of the sewage treatment plant is mostly selected based on the topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The northeastern and southeastern part of the city drains towards north, through Bettur Nalla, whereas the western and southwestern part drains towards west, through Bathi Tanks and therefore the STP site selected in the northeastern side of the town. The Davangere CMC had already identified and acquired land for the purpose near the existing STP at Shiva Nagar, where the topography provides for gravity flow till the disposal point. 38. The sewage flow for present year is estimated to be 20 MLD. It has been estimated that the land requirement per MLD of the sewage to be treated with Sequential batch reactor is 0.24 acre. So the total land requirement for the STP Site for the peak flow of 20 MLD for the present year shall be 20 x 0.24=4.8 acre i.e 5 acre. 39. The land proposed for the STP was acquired by the Davanagere City Corporation in the year 2003. Before acquisition, the land was used for agricultural purposes but the encroachers were cleared in 2003. Now approximately 23 acres of land is available with the Davanagere City Corporation, of which 16 acres have been cleared off any encroachments for the purpose of establishing STP in this location. 40. Topography of the site is predominantly flat. The soil of the site is characterised by black clay/sandy clay. 41. The depth of groundwater table is deep, at around 40 to 50 ft below ground level. Some groundwater extraction points such as bore wells are located within the vicinity, which are source of water for residents in the S.S.M. layout. 42. There are no significant environmental and other significant features in the location. The land has been identified in the existing STP site premises, which is under the possession of Davanagere City Corporation. 43. Site is bound by agricultural fields to its western side. Due to non-availability of irrigation facilities only rain fed crops are cultivated here. Ragi and maize are the main crops cultivated in the area. 44. The site has proper access; a road passes adjacent to the site. A small nalla which is presently draining waste water to the Bettur Nalla flows through the western boundary of the
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proposed STP site. The Bettur Nalla joins River Tungabhadra further downstream to the north of proposed STP site. In the present proposal, the treated effluent from STP is proposed to be discharged in to this stream.
IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
45. This section of the IEE reviews possible subproject-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the subproject’s area of influence. 46. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist (Sewerage and Sanitation) in http://www.adb.org/documents/guidelines/environmental_assessment/eaguidelines002.asp was used to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE investigation. The completed Checklist is given in Appendix 1. 47. In the case of this subproject (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located in the existing STP area and existing roads of the city, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The subproject will be in properties held by the local government and access to the subproject location is thru public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur. 48. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact. 49. Screening of potential environmental impacts are categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operation and maintenance phase impacts.
(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. (ii) Design impacts include impacts arising technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. (iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. (iv) O and M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the sewerage system. These include routine management of operational waste streams, occupational health and safety issues and impacts on environmental conditions associated with the operation stage of the subproject components pertain to impacts due to provision of sewage system.
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A. Design and Location of the Proposed Components
50. STP. Land acquisition is not required. The design included a minimum 100-m buffer zone from any habitation. The work will not encroach into forest, and the construction material will not be stored on forest lands. No trees or vegetation will be required to be removed/disturbed. The site is approachable by access road. 51. Sewerage Network. Land acquisition is not required. The subproject sites are located in existing right of ways (RoWs) and government-owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those which are commonly found in urban areas. The components will support small, non-invasive interventions. Traffic management will be necessary during sewerage network pipe-laying on busy roads. 52. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). Table 4 shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the duration of impact.
Table 4: Screening of Impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact)
Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S)
Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T
Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P
53. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area and there are no environmentally sensitive areas along the alignment. 54. The STP location is close to residential colony and even with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary, impacts on existing environment or surroundings may be anticipated. The proposed pipeline is not passing through any environmentally sensitive areas. 55. The following table provides the potential environmental impacts due to the subproject.
Table 5: Anticipated Environmental Impacts of Davangere Sewerage Subproject Impact Description Significance of the Impact
Location impacts
Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of aerated lagoon.
N/P – This is not be significant as the groundwater table is deep at around 40 to 50 ft.
Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors due to proposed STP.
M/P – Residential areas are located at in close proximity to the site. The STP layout will include a minimum of 100-m buffer zone around the site
Design Impacts
Discharge of partially treated sewage will have potential to pollute the agricultural fields.
N/P – The treated sewage may be used for irrigation. Treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards which are more stringent than irrigation standards.
Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing of sewers. N/P – Prevented by the sewerage network improvement
Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odours from M/P – Residential areas are located at in close proximity
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Impact Description Significance of the Impact
STP.
to the site. The STP layout will include a minimum of 100-m buffer zone around the site
Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 2 or 3 years, depending on the sludge generation.
M/P – Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.
Construction Impacts
Inconvenience to access business, residential and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood die to loss of access to business.
M/T – The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer pipe-laying areas will be disturbed during construction period.
Inconvenience to public during sewer laying along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.
M/T – Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses
Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities.
M/T – Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.
Dust and noise from construction of STP and lying/rehabilitation of sewer network activities.
M/T – Sewer network will be laid all over the town including high density areas. Dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.
Improper handling of excess soil N/T
Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce.
M/T – Sourcing of local employers will give employment opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of laborers from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc.
O & M Impacts
Chances for ground water contamination due to proximity to STP site and health risk due to abstraction of polluted ground water through bore wells by the people residing near the STP Site
N/P – No significant contamination of ground water is envisaged due to the proposed STP.
Mixing of industrial waste water with sewage N/P – STP will only treat domestic wastes.
Odour nuisance due to STP
M/P – The proposed buffer zone around the site will reduce the impact on nearest habitations.
Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.
N/P – As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact will be minimal.
Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods
M/P - Quantity of sludge generation will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.
Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers. N/P No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However nuisance may be considered.
B. Pre-Construction Stage
56. Social and Cultural Resources. Any work involving ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. For this subproject, excavation will occur in built-up area and existing STP site, so it could be that there is a medium risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS)/Divisional Environment Specialist (DES) will:
(i) Consult Davangere CMC to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site;
(ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of high risk; (iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and
interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and
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(iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.
57. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Priority is to locate these facilities near the subproject sites but at least 100 meters away from the construction site. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near lake, water bodies, swamps, or in areas which will inconvenience the community. 58. Site selection of sources of materials. Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution. To mitigate the potential environmental impacts, locations of quarry site/s and borrow pit/s (for loose material other than stones) will be assessed by CSS. Priority would be sites already permitted by Mining Department. If other sites are necessary, these would be located away from population centers, drinking water intakes and streams, cultivable lands, and natural drainage systems; and in structurally stable areas even if some distance from construction activities. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Davangere CMC. 59. Disposal of excess excavated materials and construction wastes. The CSS will identify the disposal method and sites. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to manage all construction wastes. C. Construction Stage
60. Although construction of the subproject components involves quite simple techniques of construction work, the invasive nature of work and the subproject location on the existing roads and existing STP site will result to impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. 61. Anticipated impacts are temporary, short duration, site-specific and can be reduced by method of working and scheduling of work. The impacts during the construction stage are generic to the construction activities and not expected to be significant. All construction activities to be undertaken at the site will be approved by PMU before start of any such activity. Hence, the EMP emphasizes on the construction impacts and necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC). 62. Sources of Materials. Significant amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be required for this subproject. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) The material sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU; and (iii) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.
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63. Air Quality. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:
(i) Consult with PMU/CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of, soils, gravel, and other construction materials;
(ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather;
(iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and
(iv) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.
64. Surface Water Quality. Mobilization of settled silt materials/dredged slurry, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate the water. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only and to ensure these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;
(ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PMU/CSS on designated disposal areas;
(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;
(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;
(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management
Plan (EMP). (vii) The construction contractor will be required to conduct excavation, dredging and
desiltation works on non-monsoon season. No waste water from the site should be diverted to the lake.
65. Noise Levels. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Impact is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance;
(ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach;
(iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and
(iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.
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66. Landscape and Aesthetics. There will be some impact on landscape and visual amenities due to construction and excavation works along the drainage alignment. The construction works will also produce excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, plants, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other similar items. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Prepare and implement a site-specific Waste Management Plan; (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (iii) Coordinate with Davangere CMC for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or
immediately dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,
recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer
required; and (vii) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental
restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.
67. Accessibility. Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause temporary traffic problems areas surrounding the roads and existing STP area. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery site;
(ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic
congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for
provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and
(vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.
(viii) Avoid full road closure. 68. Socio-Economic – Income. The subproject will be located in government land and existing drainage alignment therefore the construction works will not impede access of residents and businesses. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for
people and vehicles; (iii) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction
works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. 69. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and short-term. The construction contractor will be required to:
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(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons
within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and (ii) Secure construction materials from local market.
70. Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from works. Potential impacts are negative and short-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of environmental awareness training;
(ii) Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, loaders, etc.) shall be trained and sensitized to any potential hazards associated with their task;
(iii) No operator shall be permitted to operate critical items of mechanical equipment without having been trained by the Contractor.
(iv) All employees must undergo safety training and wear the necessary protective clothing;
(v) A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following general rules:
No alcohol / drugs to be present on site;
Prevent excessive noise
Construction staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad-hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bush as a toilet facility are forbidden)
No fires to be permitted on site
Trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden
Other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site
No worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do
(vi) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H&S Training4 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents;
(vii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site;
(viii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (ix) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (x) Provide supplies of potable drinking water;
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Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.
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(xi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances;
(xii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers;
(xiii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted;
(xiv) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas;
(xv) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible reverse horn; (xvi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical
devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and
(xvii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.
71. Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. As location of STP project site is centralized to the existing STP area the health and safety risk to community is minimum. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PMU/CSS in identifying risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to
minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure.
(iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions, in case of location near the road.
72. Work Camps. Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Consult with PMU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants;
(ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially
cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse,
recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer
required; and
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(ix) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.
73. Social and Cultural Resources. For this subproject, only limited excavation will occur at specific locations, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; (ii) Request PMU/CSS or any authorized person with archaeological/historical field
training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected;
and (iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring
its removal or protection in situ.
D. Operation and Maintenance Stage
74. Inspection, maintenance, and operation procedures are needed to ensure the public safety. The construction contractors (under defect liability period) and eventually Davangere CMC will:
(i). perform routine and annual safety inspections; (ii). document the inspections; (iii). document maintenance related costs (iv). routinely observe water flows and levels.
75. Davangere CMC will be the asset owner after completion and successful commissioning of the subproject. Presently sufficient staff is available for regular maintenance of sewage system and STP and Davangere CMC is also allocating sufficient provisions for regular maintenance in their regular budget also. 76. The As-Built plans and photographs detailing construction dimensions, materials, and installed conditions will be provided by the construction contractors. The photos will feature how the components will be maintained. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration of the road environment. 77. Recurrence of blockage and leakage problems. Although impact is likely to be minimal due to the new and well-designed, efficient system, it should be ensured that restoration time is minimized to the extent possible. 78. Repair work will be similar to the pipe-laying work where trenches may be dug to reveal the leaking area, and the faulty connection will be refitted, or the pipe removed and replaced if necessary. 79. STP O&M. The SBR technology is capable to handle higher loading fluctuation, easy operation, compact layout, and consistently producing high quality effluent. Most operating parameters in SBR package systems can be controlled by the operator. Time clock controls will be used to regulate cycle times for each cycle, adjusted for and depending on observed performance. Inspections will be three to four times per year; septage pumping (solids wasting) is dependent upon inspection results. Operation and maintenance requires semi-skilled
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personnel. Based on field experience, 5 to 12 person-hours per year, plus analytical services, will be required. The process produces 0.6 to 0.9 pounds of TSS/pound of BOD removed and requires between 3.0 and 10 kWh/day for operation. The primary O&M tasks are provided in Table 6.
Table 6: Suggested Maintenance for Sequencing Batch Reactor Package Plants Systems component Suggested maintenance tasks
Reaction tank Check for foaming and uneven air distribution; check for floating scum; check decanter operation and adjust as required; adjust cycle time sequences as required to achieve effluent target concentrations; check settled sludge volume and adjust waste pumping to maintain target (mixed liquor volatile suspended solids) MLVSS levels.
Aeration system-diffused air Check air filters, seals, oil level, and backpressure; perform manufacturer's required maintenance.
Aeration system-mechanical Check for vibrations and overheating; check oil level, and seals; perform manufacturer's required maintenance.
Septic tank (primary clarifier) Check for accumulated solids and order pumping if required.
Controls Check functions of all controls and alarms; check electrical control box.
Sludge wasting Pump waste solids as required to maintain target MLVSS range (typically 500 to 4,000 mg/L).
Analytical Measure aeration tank grab sample for MLVSS, pH, and settleability; collect final effluent decant composite sample and analyze for water quality parameters as required (BOD, TSS, pH, N, P, etc.).
Source: USEPA Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Technology Fact Sheet 3 – Sequencing Batch Reactor Systems, available at www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r00008/html/tfs3.htm.
80. Sludge Management Plan. Desludging is not a day-to-day activity. Davangere CMC will remove sludge from the STP once in about one year. Sludge that is drawn out of the pond will contain 4 -10% solids depending upon the type of sludge. Wet sludge will be applied to the beds to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed, the bed will be raked and leveled. Sludge will never be discharged on a bed containing dried or partially dried sludge. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed. 81. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer to farmers as fertilizer after testing the quality to ensure it is safe. concentration of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc and C/N Ratio and pH has to be tested and the results should be compared with Compost Standards set by CPCB prior to selling of the dry sludge as manure for agricultural applications. Table 7 presents the compost standard set by CPCB.
Table 7: CPCB Standard for Using Compost for Agricultural Applications Parameters Concentration not to exceed *
(mg/kg dry basis , except pH value and C/N ratio)
Arsenic 10.00
Cadmium 5.00
Chromium 50.00
Copper 300.00
Lead 100.00
Mercury 0.15
Nickel 50.00
Zinc 1000.00
C/N ratio 20-40
pH 5.5-8.5
Source: CPCB. 82. Some part of the sludge will be used in the plant itself for gardening, lawns, etc., to
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demonstrate its fertilizer value and to develop a market value for the digested and dried sludge. 83. Records of desludging will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn to each bed, the depth of loading, the depth of sludge after drying time, and the quantity of dried sludge removed. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Likewise the moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analysed and recorded. 84. Sludge handling workers’ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities. E. Cumulative Impact Assessment
85. The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the subproject’s residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures have been applied) and those associated with other past, existing, and reasonably foreseeable future projects or activities. The interaction of residual effects associated with multiple projects and activities can result in cumulative impacts, both positive and negative. The subproject’s potential cumulative effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs) in environmental, socioeconomic, and heritage resources categories, in four areas:
(i). of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time; (ii). in consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified
study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the subproject; (iii). of any potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments,
even if not directly related to the proposed project; and (iv). in future developments that is reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to
proceed.
86. The subproject IEE has identified the VCs as air quality, water (surface and groundwater) quality, noise, geophysical (hydrogeological), traffic management, socioeconomic and sociocommunity, cultural resources, and human health. There are no foreseeable projects that will overlap with the subproject. The spatial boundary of the subproject is the area along the alignment and the existing RoWs. The temporal boundary can be considered as the whole Davangere City. 87. Air quality effects will be seen during construction. Consequently, although emissions of common air contaminants (CAC) and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites, this impact will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the alignment. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, disposing of residual wastes). Given the subproject’s relatively minor contribution to CAC and GHG emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered negligible. 88. During construction noise levels in the immediate proximity of most work sites are expected to increase. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure represents a temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely given the mitigation measures in place, there may be annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the project operations will be largely imperceptible, as
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the service reservoirs are located in relatively small sites within the city proper. 89. Land use/traffic management concerns will occur during construction. Site-specific mitigation measures will be implemented to address temporary disruptions to land use and access in the vicinity of the alignment, such as road and sidewalk closures, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of construction-related traffic. There should be improved traffic movement along the alignment once construction is completed. Since the subproject will be built in undeveloped land earmarked for service reservoirs purposes, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. However, following improvement in infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial and business facilities, and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance the subproject area. This can be considered a long-term cumulative benefit of the subproject. 90. Adverse impacts such as localized disruption of vehicle traffic and pedestrian movements in areas along the alignment, elevated CAC and fugitive dust emissions in proximity to work sites, elevated noise and vibration levels, and visual impacts will occur during construction. These short-term effects will be mitigated by providing alternate travel routes or alternating traffic movements and, where possible, access to businesses, schools, and residences. However, upon completion of construction, the socio-community will benefit from improved water supply system. This is considered a long-term cumulative benefit. 91. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of subproject construction or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels, fugitive dust, and CAC emissions will occur in proximity to subproject work sites during construction, due to their short-term, localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. The subproject operations will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of environmental health and community livability in Davangere.
V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE
92. The public participation process included identifying interested and affected people (stakeholders); informing and providing the stakeholders with sufficient background and technical information regarding the proposed development; creating opportunities and mechanisms whereby they can participate and raise their viewpoints (issues, comments and concerns) with regard to the proposed development; giving the stakeholders feedback on process findings and recommendations; and ensuring compliance to process requirements with regards to the environmental and related legislation. 93. A two tier consultation process was adopted for NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were conducted with the Governmental Departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board, Davanagere CC, etc. After the consultations with Davanagere CC, the Commissioner has certified that the proposals for Davanagere suit the requirements of the ULB. The certificates are presented as Appendix 4. 94. Public consultation involved focus group discussions which were conducted on 13.04.’10 and also consultations with institutions on 6.08.’10. The people residing along the project activity
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areas were also consulted during topographical surveys and site visits and due discussions were made regarding the proposals. Discussions were carried out with the houses located at the nearest vicinity of the proposed STP Site, which is close to the already existing oxidation pond-based STP. There are 3 schools located within an aerial distance of 300 m from the proposed STP site, where the consultation was carried out to understand their views about the proposal for the new STP.
Al Iqra Green Convent School, SSM Nagar Outside Government Upper Composite High School,
SSM Nagar
Government Kannada Higher Primary School, SSM
Nagar GUC High School, SSM Nagar
95. There is a residential layout named Ashraya Layout in close proximity to the STP site. This layout houses around 1600 residents who belong to low-income groups and have been provided these shelters through the fund of Member of Parliament of the area. It was established after the ULB acquired land of 51.4 acres including the proposed STP site in the year 2003. At around the same time, an oxidation pond based STP was also set up in the same area. Hence ultimately the existing and proposed STP sites have fallen very close to the residential dwellings. 96. A new residential layout for the beedi workers have been approved and is being constructed next to the STP site. This layout is being funded with the support of Government of India and aim at providing proper dwelling for low-income groups like the beedi workers.
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97. The residents were already concerned with the problems arising due to the presence of the existing STP and they complained about the following issues:
i) During the monsoon, the sewage water from the oxidation pond of existing STP tends to seep through the floors of the houses in the vicinity, thus making the lives of the residents miserable. This may be due to two reasons, namely, the level difference between the oxidation pond and the floor level of the houses, of which the latter is at a lower level and also due to the unlined walls and bottom of the ponds.
ii) Odour nuisance is a major concern for the residents, which has a larger impact on the amenity of people living in the area.
iii) Since the operation and maintenance of the existing STP is almost nil, mosquito breeding is yet another threat faced by the people living in this area. Frequent health issues and resulting hospitalization is turning out to be expensive for such a low-income group of people.
98. The issues raised during Public Consultation and the mitigation measures incorporated in design and IEE and presented in Tables 8 and 9.
Table 8: Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Davanagere Issues Raised during Focus Group
Discussion Mitigation Measures
1. A newly proposed STP will increase the misery of residents who are already suffering due to an existing one.
The proposed STP is a SBR based STP which will not add to the misery of the residents living in the vicinity. Forced aeration will enable the faster degradation of sewage thus reducing the odour menace The lagoons will have concrete lined walls and floors which will prevent any seepage of the sewage. Regular operation and maintenance will ensure the capacity of the proposed STP and also the STP site will be maintained hygienically to prevent mosquito breeding and vector outburst.
2. Does the proposed STP have open ponds like the existing one?
The lagoons in the proposed STP are open. But unlike the existing STP where it has oxidation pond, the new STP will have aerating systems. This will ensure faster degradation of the sewage.
3. In the absence of regular and long term operation and maintenance system for STP, this area with 2 STPs of 20 MLD may turn into a garbage dumping ground for the Davanagere city.
Davanagere CC is responsible for regular operation and maintenance of STP by allotting workers for sewer maintenance and STP operation through a qualified contractor. As specified in the contract document, the design consultant will be responsible for operation and maintenance of the STP for one month after construction of STP, during which the staff of Davanagere CC will be trained for safe operational practices of STP. There after the Davanagere CC workers will be skilled to handle the system independently. Hence, there is no possibility for lagging in regular and long term maintenance of sewage system and to have adverse impact on public.
4. Odour, mosquito, noise nuisance and health risk to the public with stagnation of sewage in the proposed STP.
The SBR based STP will not pose odour nuisance as provision for forced aeration for fast degradation of pollutants are incorporated as part of STP. There will not be stagnation of sewage in any of the systems in STP; there is least possibility for anaerobic conditions within STP units and resultant fowl smell from the system. As the sewage is continuously
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flowing and aerated in the STP units; hence mosquito breeding is also not envisaged within STP units. The STP area will be kept hygienically, cleared off grass and weeds such that there won’t be any mosquito or flies breeding from the site. Provision of Visual Screens and landscaping has been integrated as a part of STP which will effectively control the nuisance to the immediate surrounding.
5. Over flowing of Sewage and polluting agricultural lands and affecting livelihood of public.
The proposed sewer networks are adequately sized to meet the projected sewage flow from city limit. Sewer lines will be cleaned regularly and the sewer cleaning equipments will be supplied during the project implementation stage. STP units are adequately sized to handle the sewage reaching the site. Further, DG backup will be provided for STP such that treatment unit will be operational round the clock; hence there is no possibility for overflowing of sewage from STP.
99. The public expressed their concern regarding the traffic management activities during the construction stage which can have impact on their day-to-day activities. Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintenance system in place for the proposed sewer network for its best functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.
Table 9: Issues Addressed during Institutional Consultation in Schools near STP Site, Davanagere
Schools consulted and the concerned person
Issues raised Mitigation measures
1 Al Iqra Green Convent School, SSM Nagar.
Shri Mohammed Ghouse, Founder of the School
Smt. Arshadunnisa, School Headmistress
Supports the construction of new STP if maintained properly but prefers shifting of the site since they feel that health and well-being of the neighbourhood might get affected.
Stringent measures in operation and maintenance can mitigate the negative impacts of the STP to an appreciable extent.
2 Government Upper Composite High School, SSM Nagar
Shri Ramappa, School Headmaster
Does not object to the proposed STP site as of now, due to lack of awareness. There have been no incidents of diseases among the students so far, relating to the existing STP there.
Though there have not been any incidents of mass epidemic, it should be taken care that it does not happen further as well.
3 Government Kannada Higher Primary School, SSM Nagar (Kannada medium)
Shri K.M.Nagendrayya, School Headmaster & Teachers.
Wind direction is directed towards the school from the proposed STP site. School authorities are concerned that they will be affected with odour nuisance in the operation phase of STP.
Odour nuisance can be mitigated to an appreciable extent if the STP is maintained properly.
100. The proposed STP site being close to the residential areas, the people are apprehensive about the negative impact it may bring to them. Since the existing STP, which is nil maintained and posing serious health and amenity issues, public have a negative perception on installing another STP in the same location based on their experience with existing one. They still preferred the idea of shifting the STP- both existing and proposed, to a distant location. 101. Al Iqra Green Convent School is not in the near vicinity of the proposed STP site and
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hence they are not opposing the proposal to a great extent if it is to be properly maintained. But Mr. Mohammed Ghouse, the founder of the school insisted shifting the site to a distant location since he doubts that the new STP will affect the well-being of the students and their families of the School, who are settled close to the proposed STP site. The authorities of Government Upper Composite High School were not fully aware about this proposal and hence, they did not object to it. But when asked, they informed that there have not been any incidents of mass outbreak of diseases due to the existing STP. When consulted with Government Kannada Higher Primary School, it was understood that they were fully aware of this proposal and had strong views against the proposed STP. They demanded it to be shifted to a distant location because the wind direction is such that it will flow from the proposed STP towards the school which may cause odour nuisance. It was observed by the Consultation team that their concerns are true since the wind direction was experienced to be from the proposed STP site towards the school side during the consultation. 102. Though the people were thoroughly explained about the mechanized system of aeration and also about the long term operation and maintenance policy, they were not fully convinced. B. Future Consultations and Information Disclosure
1. Consultation during detailed design 103. Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders to hear their views and concerns, so that these can be addressed in subproject design wherever necessary. Regular updates on the environmental component of the subproject will be kept available at the Davangere CMC, KUIDFC, and consultants offices. 104. KUIDFC, Davangere CMC, and the apex non-government organization (NGO) will conduct information dissemination sessions and solicit the help of the local community leaders/prominent citizens to encourage the participation of the people to discuss various environmental issues.
2. Consultation during construction: 105. Public meetings with affected communities (if any) to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; and 106. Smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in subproject monitoring and evaluation.
3. Project Disclosure 107. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction. The road closure together with the proposed detours will be communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signages, etc. 108. For the benefit of the community the summary of the IEE report in English and local languages will be published in the website of KUIDFC. It will be ensured that the hard copies of IEE are kept at places which are conveniently accessible to citizens. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Davangere CMC and the official website of ADB
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after approval of the IEE by ADB. The Davangere CMC will issue Notification on the locality-wise start date of implementation of the subproject. The notice will be issued by the PIU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. Copies of the IEE will be kept in the PMU/PIU office and will be distributed to any person willing to consult the IEE. 109. A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction site for the information of general public. C. Grievance Redress Mechanism
110. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, in addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional four towns of Shahabad, Nipanni, Illkal & Sindhanur which were included later the DLPSC was established along the function of grievance redress vide Go No N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated 29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project. 111. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is formed to ensure that grievances are addressed in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/Gulbarga ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Director of NKUSIP, and NGOs/ community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC redresses grievances at the local-level in a consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise. The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO a week in advance. The Process of Grievances Redressal Mechanism is as follow:
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VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
112. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between the PMU, consultants, and contractors. The EMP identifies activities according to the following three phases of development: (i) site establishment and preliminary activities; (ii) construction phase; and (iii) post construction/operational phase. 113. The purpose of the EMP is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner with the objectives of: (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. 114. A copy of the EMP must be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included within the Contractual Clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. It shall be noted that the Supreme Court of India5 mandates those responsible for environmental damage must pay the repair costs both to the environment and human health and the preventative measures to reduce or prevent further pollution and/or environmental damage. (The polluter pays principle). A. Institutional Arrangement
115. KUIDFC is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. Implementation activities will be overseen by a separate Program Management Unit (PMU) in its head office at Bangalore, in coordination with its regional office in Hubli-Dharwad and four divisional offices established to supervise the implementing agencies in each geographical area. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials, including safeguards specialists, will assist the PMU in controlling and monitoring Program implementation activities. The Implementing Agencies (IA) are primarily ULBs in co-ordination with various other agencies of GoK. Project implementation units (PIUs) dedicated exclusively to the project are set up in each town. The PIUs will be staffed by qualified and experienced officers and are responsible for the day-to-day activities of project implementation in the field, and will be under the direct administrative control of the PMU. Consultant teams are responsible for subproject planning and management and assuring technical quality of design and construction; and designing the infrastructure and supervising construction; and safeguards preparation. 116. Environment specialists will also be appointed as part of the DSC teams to (i) update the existing IEEs in the detailed design stage; (ii) assist in the monitoring of EMP during construction stage; and (iii) prepare EIAs/IEEs for new subprojects, where required to comply with national law and/or ADB requirements.
5 Writ Petition No. 657 of 1995. The Supreme Court, in its order dated Feb.4, 2005, that "The Polluter Pays Principle
means that absolute liability of harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution, but also to the cost of restoring environmental degradation. Remediation of damaged environment is part of the process of sustainable development.”
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1. Contractor 117. The Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of necessary mitigation measures as per the Bid document and agreement. EMP requirements mentioned shall be strictly adhered by the Contractor which are legally binding. The contractor shall:
(i) Comply with all applicable legislation, is conversant with the requirements of the EMP, and briefs staff about the requirements of same;
(ii) Ensure any sub-contractors/ suppliers who are utilized within the context of the contract comply with the environmental requirements of the EMP. the contractor will be held responsible for non-compliance on their behalf;
(iii) Supply method statements for all activities requiring special attention as specified and/or requested by the engineer or environmental expert (of engineer) during the duration of the contract;
(iv) Provide environmental awareness training to staff; (v) Bear the costs of any damages/ compensation resulting from non-adherence to
the EMP or written site instructions; (vi) Conduct all activities in a manner that minimizes disturbance to directly affected
residents and the public in general, and foreseeable impacts on the environment. (vii) Ensure that the engineer is timely informed of any foreseeable activities that will
require input from the environmental expert (of engineer). (viii) Appoint one full time environmental safeguard officer for implementation of EMP,
community liaisoning, reporting and grievance redressal on day to day basis. (ix) Receive complaints/grievances from public, immediately implements the
remedial measures and reports to the engineer (DSC) within 48 hours. 118. The Contractor is deemed not to have complied with the EMP if:
(i) Within the boundaries of the site, site extensions and haul/ access roads there is evidence of contravention of clauses.
(ii) If environmental damage ensues due to negligence. (iii) The contractor fails to comply with corrective or other instructions issued by the
CSS/Consultant’s Environment Specialist/Divisional Environment Specialist/State Environment Specialist within a specified time.
(iv) The Contractor fails to respond adequately to complaints from the public.
2. Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS)
(i) CSS will be monitoring the critical environmental safeguards (ii) Submit report (hard copy and soft copy) in each month for each component of
the subproject to Divisional Environment Specialist 3. Design and Supervision Consultant’s Environment Specialist
(i) Revise the IEE and EMP in accordance with detailed design changes if
warranted. (ii) Ensure that EMP requirements are included in the bid document and contract
agreement. (iii) Prepare inventory of utilities to be affected by the subproject. (iv) Conduct environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan for the
implementation of mitigation measures during construction activity.
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(v) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning.
(vi) Consult affected people prior to start of construction works. (vii) Ensure disclosure of information prior to start of construction works and
throughout the duration of the construction period. (viii) Conduct baseline environmental conditions and inventory of affected trees (ix) Prepare monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on
implementation of the mitigation measures (x) In coordination with apex NGO and divisional/regional/state Environment
Specialist, conduct public consultation and disclosure during IEE process and reflect comments/issues in the IEE report.
(xi) Inspect contractor’s proposed locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes
(xii) Apply for all required consents, clearances, and permits prior to commissioning. (xiii) Monitor and approve post-construction activities by the contractors as specified
in the EMP.
4. Divisional Environment Specialist
(i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning.
(ii) Monitor the disclosure and public consultation. (iii) Approve contractor’s proposed locations for construction work camps, storage
areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes
(iv) Approve contractor’s site-specific environmental plan (such as traffic management plan, waste management plan, locations for camp sites, storage areas, lay down areas, and other sites/plans specified in the EMP).
(v) Visit each city once in a month and observe the compliance of the EMP against the IEE for each sub-component.
(vi) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE or as required.
(vii) Submit a report to RO office once in a month (viii) Review monitoring report of DSC on post-construction activities by the
contractors as specified in the EMP 5. Regional Environment Specialist
(i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other
entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (ii) Monitor the disclosure and public consultation. (iii) Visit subprojects in each package once in a month and observe the compliance
of the EMP as given in the IEE for each sub-component. (iv) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE as
required. (v) Submit consolidated reports once in a month to PMU. 6. State Environment Specialist (i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other
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entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (ii) Review the REA checklists and draft IEE (iii) Disclose on its website the approved IEE (iv) Ensure disclosure of information throughout the duration of the subproject. (v) Visit to subprojects and training as and when required. (vi) Analysis and consolidation of reports submitted by RO. (vii) Submission of 6-monthly reports to ADB. 7. ADB (i) During detailed design stage: (a) review the REA checklists and reconfirm the
categorization;(b) review and approve IEE reports; (c) disclose on its website the submitted IEE report
(ii) During construction stage: review the 6-monthly report, provide necessary advice if needed to KUIDFC and approve the same. ADB will disclose on its website all submitted environmental monitoring reports.
B. Environmental Management Plan
119. The following tables show the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible parties. This EMP will be included in the bid and contract documents. The EMP will be further reviewed and updated during implementation.
Table 10: Sewerage Establishment and Preliminary Activities Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of
Mitigation
Legislation, Permits and Agreements
(i) In all instances, KUIDFC, service providers, contractors and consultants must remain in compliance with relevant local and national legislation; (ii) Contractor to submit proof of compliance to Air Act (in relation to hot mixing, stone crushers, diesel generators)
DSC, CSS and State/Regional/Divisional Environment Specialist
Consent for Establishment from KSPCB obtained prior to start of civil works Consent for Operation from KSPCB obtained prior to start of commissioning Obtained prior to moving onto site and during construction
Access to Site
(i) Access to site will be via existing roads. The Contractor will need to ascertain the existing condition of the roads and repair damage shall not occur due to construction. (ii) The location of all affected services and servitudes must be identified and confirmed.
DSC and CSS Site inspection, photographs, and strip map prior to moving to site and during construction
Construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.
(i) Prioritize areas within or nearest possible vacant space in the subproject location; (ii) If it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, consider sites that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply
PMU. DSC and CSS to determine locations prior to award of construction contracts.
List of selected sites for construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas.
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation
systems; (iii) Do not consider residential areas; (iv) Take extreme care in selecting sites to avoid direct disposal to lake water body. (v) The construction camp may not be situated on a floodplain or on slopes greater than 1:3. (vi) If the Contractor chooses to locate the camp site on private land, he must get prior permission from both the DSC Environment Specialist and the landowner. (v) In most cases, on-site accommodation will not be required. The construction camp can thus be comprised of:
• site office • toilet facilities • designated first aid area • eating areas • staff lockers and showers (where water and waterborne sewers are available) • storage areas • batching plant (if required) • refuelling areas (if required) • maintenance areas (if required) • crushers (if required)
(vi) Cut and fill must be avoided where possible during the set up of the construction camp. (vii) Under no circumstances may open areas or the surrounding bush be used as a toilet facility. (viii) Bins and/or skips shall be provided at convenient intervals for disposal of waste within the construction camp. (ix) Recycling and the provision of separate waste receptacles for different types of waste shall be encouraged.
Sources of Materials
(i) Prioritize sites already permitted by the Mining Department; (ii) If other sites are necessary, inform construction contractor that it is their responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of PMU and (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, inform construction contractor to obtain a written approval from PMU.
PMU. DSC and CSS to prepare list of approved quarry sites and sources of materials
(i) List of approved quarry sites and sources of materials; (ii) Bid document to include requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary.
Stormwater6 (i) To prevent water run-off resulting
from construction activities a site-specific drainage plan must be
DSC, CSS and State/Regional/Divisional Environment Specialist
Construction site drainage plan
6 Serious financial and environmental impacts can be caused by unmanaged storm water.
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation
submitted to the DSC Environment Specialist for approval and must include the location and design criteria of any temporary stream crossings (siting and return period etc); (ii) Temporary cut off drains and berms may be required to capture storm water and promote infiltration.
Conservation of the Natural Environment
7
(i) No vegetation may be cleared without prior permission from the DSC Environment Specialist. (ii) Trees that are not to be cleared shall be marked beforehand with danger tape. The PMU Environment Coordinator must be given a chance to mark vegetation that is to be conserved before the Contractor begins clearing the site (iii) Care must be taken to avoid the introduction of alien plant species to the site and surrounding areas. (Particular attention must be paid to imported material)
DSC, CSS, Divisional, Rguonal, and State Environment Specialist
Tree-cutting clearance and tree markings prior to start of construction works
Cultural Environment
(i) Prior to the commencement of construction, all staff need to know what possible archaeological or historical objects of value may look like, and to notify the DSC Environment Specialist shall such an item be uncovered.
DSC, CSS, Divisional, Rguonal, and State Environment Specialist
Chance find protocol
Education of site staff on general and environmental conduct
8
(i) Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of environmental awareness training (ii) Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, loaders, etc.) shall be adequately trained and sensitized to any potential hazards associated with their task (iii) No operator shall be permitted to operate critical items of mechanical equipment without having been trained by the Contractor and certified competent by KUIDFC (iv) All employees must undergo safety training and wear the necessary protective clothing (v) A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following general rules:
• No alcohol / drugs to be present on site; • Prevent excessive noise
DSC, CSS and State/Regional/Divisional Environment Specialist
Conducted prior to moving onto site and during construction
7 Alien plant encroachment is particularly damaging to natural habitats and is often associated with disturbance to
the soil during construction activities. Care must be taken to conserve existing plant and animal life on and surrounding the site.
8 These points need to be made clear to all staff on site before the subproject begin.
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation
• Construction staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad-hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bus as a toilet facility are forbidden) • No fires to be permitted on site • Trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden • Other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site • No worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do
Security and safety (i) Lighting on site is to be set out to provide maximum security and to enable easier policing of the site, without creating a visual nuisance to local residents or businesses.
DSC Environment Specialist During site set-up
Community All interested and affected persons shall be notified in advance of any known potential risks associated with the construction site and the activities on it.
DSC Environment Specialist 24 hours prior to activity
Table 11: Sewerage Construction Phase
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
Sources of materials Extraction of rocks and material may cause ground instability
(i) Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU; (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PMU; and; (iv) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.
Construction Contractor
Construction Contractor documentation
Accessibility Traffic problems and conflicts near project location and road
(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during
Construction Contractor
(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) Number of signages placed at subproject location.
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Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
peak hours; and (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. (viii) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ix) During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways should be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities.
Socio-economic – employment Generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue
(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and (ii) Secure construction materials from local market.
Construction Contractor
(i) Employment records; (ii) Records of sources of materials
Dust nuisance/ air quality Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the city. Nuisance due to dust and increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction resulting to dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants
(i) Consult with PMU/CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials; (ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather; (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and (iv) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.
Construction Contractor
(i) Location of stockpiles; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) Heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices
Surface water quality Mobilization of settled silt materials, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate nearby surface water quality.
(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PMU/CSS on designated disposal areas; (iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; (iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; (v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
Construction Contractor
(i) Areas for stockpiles, storage of fuels and lubricants and waste materials; (ii) Number of silt traps installed along drainages leading to water bodies; (iii) Records of surface water quality inspection; (iv) Effectiveness of water management measures; (v) For inland water: suspended solids, oil and grease, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms.
Noise levels Increase in noise level due to
(i) Plan activities in consultation with PMU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are
Construction Contractor
(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Use of silencers in
37
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
earth-moving and excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people
conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; (ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.
noise-producing equipment and sound barriers; (iii) Equivalent day and night time noise levels
Existing infrastructure and facilities Disruption of service and damage to existing infrastructure at specified project location
(i) Obtain from PMU/CSS the list of affected utilities and operators if any; (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of service
Construction Contractor
Existing Utilities Contingency Plan
Conservation of natural environment Tree-cutting, vegetation clearing, and animal poaching
(i) Check vegetation clearing and tree-felling have prior permission as the work front progresses. (ii) Ensure only trees that have been marked beforehand are to be removed. (iii) Prohibit site staff from gathering firewood, fruits, plants, crops or any other natural material on-site or in areas adjacent to the sites (iv) Prohibit site staff from hunting of birds and animals on-site or in areas adjacent to the sites.
Construction Contractor
(i) Tree-cutting clearance (ii) Site inspection report (iii) Complaints from sensitive receptors
Landscape and aesthetics Solid wastes as well as excess construction materials
(i) Prepare and implement site-specific Waste Management Plan; (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (ii) Coordinate with Davangere CMC/PWD for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish; and (vii) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.
Construction Contractor
(i) site-specific Waste Management Plan; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors;
Occupational health and safety Occupational hazards which can arise during work
(i) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment
Construction Contractor
(i) Site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan; (ii) Equipped first-aid stations; (iii) Medical insurance
38
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
like helmet, gumboot, safety belt, gloves, nose musk and ear plugs; (c) H&S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; (iii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (vii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible reverse horns; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (xiii) Ensure no alcohol / drugs to be present on site, no fires to be permitted on site, trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden; other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be
coverage for workers; (iv) Number of accidents; (v) Supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (vii) record of H&S orientation trainings (viii) personal protective equipments; (ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back-up alarms; (xi) sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal.
39
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
permitted to live on the construction site; and no worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do
Community health and safety. Traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians during material and waste transportation
(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PMU/CSS in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. (iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn.
Construction Contractor
(i) Traffic Management Plan; (ii) Complaints from sensitive receptors
Construction camps Temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants
(i) Consult with PMU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Locate the camp 100 m away from the lake; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ix) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.
Construction Contractor
(i) Complaints from sensitive receptors; (ii) Water and sanitation facilities for employees; and (iii) PMU/CSS report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions
Social and cultural resources Risk of archaeological chance finds
(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; (ii) Request PMU/CSS or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and (iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ. All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimize the impact on protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the
Construction Contractor
Records of chance finds
40
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation
Monitoring of Mitigation
Archaeological Department should be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during Sewage diversion. Should be handed over to ASI.
Table 12: Sewerage Post-Construction Activities (Defects Liability Period )
Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring
Monitoring of Mitigation
Legislation, Permits and Agreements
(i) In all instances, KUIDFC, service providers, contractors and consultants must remain in compliance with relevant local and national legislation; (ii) Contractor to obtain Consent to Operate diesel generators, in case to be used as backup source of power; (iii) Contractor to obtain Consent to Operate the STP
DSC, CSS and State/Regional/Divisional Environment Specialist
Consent for Operation from KSPCB obtained prior to start of commissioning
Construction Camp
(i) All structures comprising the construction camp are to be removed from site. (ii) The area that previously housed the construction camp is to be checked for spills of substances such as oil, paint etc. and these shall be cleaned up. (iii) All hardened surfaces within the construction camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials removed, and the area shall be top-soiled and re-grassed using the guidelines set out in the revegetation specification that forms part of this document. (iv) The Contractor must arrange the cancellation of all temporary services.
DSC Environment Specialist
Subproject completion
Vegetation (i) All areas that have been disturbed by construction activities (including the construction camp area) must be cleared of alien vegetation. (ii) Open areas are to be re-planted as per the revegetation specification. (iii) All vegetation that has been cleared during construction is to be removed from site or used as much as per the revegetation specification, (except for seeding alien vegetation). (iv) The Contractor is to water and maintain all planted vegetation until the end of the defects liability period and is to submit a method statement regarding this to the DSC Environment Specialist.
DSC Environment Specialist
Subproject completion
Land Restoration
(i) (i) All surfaces hardened due to construction activities are to be ripped and imported materials thereon removed.
(ii) (ii) All rubble is to be removed from the site to an approved disposal site. Burying of rubble on site is prohibited.
(iii) (iii) The site is to be cleared of all litter.
(iv) Surfaces are to be checked for waste products from activities such as concreting or asphalting and cleared in a manner approved by the DSC Environment Specialist.
(v) (iv) All embankments are to be trimmed, shaped and replanted to the satisfaction of the DSC Environment Specialist.
(vi) (v) Borrow pits are to be closed and rehabilitated in
DSC Environment Specialist and Contractor
Subproject completion
41
Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring
Monitoring of Mitigation
accordance with the pre-approved management plan for each borrow pit. The Contractor shall liase with the DSC Environment Specialist regarding these requirements.
(vii) (vi) The Contractor is to check that all watercourses are free from building rubble, spoil materials and waste materials.
Materials and Infrastructure
(i) Fences, barriers and demarcations associated with the construction phase are to be removed from the site unless stipulated otherwise by the DSC Environment Specialist. (ii) All residual stockpiles must be removed to spoil or spread on site as directed by the DSC Environment Specialist. (iii) All leftover building materials must be returned to the depot or removed from the site. (iv) The Contractor must repair any damage that the construction works has caused to neighboring properties.
DSC Environment Specialist and Contractor
Subproject completion
General (i) A meeting is to be held on site between the DSC Environment Specialist, PMU Environment Coordinator and the Contractor to approve all remediation activities and to ensure that the site has been restored to a condition approved by the DSC Environment Specialist. (ii) Temporary roads must be closed and access across these blocked. (iii) Access or haulage roads that were built across watercourses must be rehabilitated by removing temporary bridges and any other materials placed in/or near to watercourses. Revegetation of banks or streambeds must be as necessary to stabilize these and must be approved by the DSC Environment Specialist. (iv) All areas where temporary services were installed are to be rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the DSC Environment Specialist
Contractor, DSC Environment Specialist and PMU Environment Specialist
On completion of the construction and maintenance phases
2. Environmental Monitoring Program 120. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for the sewerage development component. The activities identified in environmental monitoring program mainly includes site inspections and informal discussions with workers and local people and this will be the responsibility of PMU (State, Regional and Divisional level) with the assistance of DSC, costs of which are part of project management. 121. The construction contractor’s cost for site establishment, preliminary, construction, and defect liability activities will be incorporated into the contractual agreements, which will be binding on him for implementation. The air quality, surface water quality, and noise level monitoring of construction and defect liability phases will be conducted by the contractor.
Table 13: Sewerage Environmental Monitoring Program Mitigation Activities /
Measures & Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
42
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring
Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures - Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents
N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before signing of the contract
PMU
All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)
N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase
Program Consultants (PC)
Design of occupational safety measures
N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase
PC
Training programs for staff by consultants
N.A. As needed before and during implementation
PC
Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.
Sewer pipes and Manholes
Gas monitoring in the sewerage network
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB with the assistance of Program consultants
All location and design related mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.
N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents
One-off inspection of designs
PMU/ULB/ Program consultants
Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture
STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB
B. Construction Stage Monitoring
Monitoring of water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site.
STP site One time grab sampling once Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
43
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks
N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract
One-off inspection of contract document
PMU
Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance
Sewer laying sites and surroundings
Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.
Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program Consultants
Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil
From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods
From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil in dry weather
Inhabited areas
Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season
All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers
STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil
Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches
Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided
All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed
All sites Observations on/off site; CC records
Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
*Compensation for businesses for lost income
Wherever required
Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
44
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work
Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at same time
Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Work conduction during light traffic
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites
Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season
Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration
Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times
Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys
Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Exclusion of public from the site
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
45
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel
All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Following of documented procedures for all site activities
All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Maintenance of accident reports and records
All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites
All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC
C. Operation Stage Monitoring
Baseline water quality Nallah flowing adjacent to the STP
Water quality testing for parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc.
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
Clogging of drains Sewer network sites
Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-silting/de-weeding, etc.
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring
Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network
Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System
STP and Sewer network
Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system. Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.
Regular/routine –daily maintenance
ULB
Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality
Inlet of STP
- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)
- Monthly once as part of Plant operation
ULB
ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP
Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l
Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring
ULB
46
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling -Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling
N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB
Presenting quarterly monitoring reports to PMU
N.A. Quarterly O &M Contractor
Presenting annual monitoring reports to ADB
N.A. Yearly once PMU
Emergency plan for Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters
Pumping Station and STP
Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.
Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure
ULB
Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to fertilize land
STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB
Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents
Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB
Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary
Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB
Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings
Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB
Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas
Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB
Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive periods
Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
Preparation and operation of H&S plan
All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB
47
Mitigation Activities / Measures &
Parameters to be Monitored
Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Monitoring
Responsibility
to protect workers and citizens
Economic benefits to local people - STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas
STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB
Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent
STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years
ULB
Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge
STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years
ULB
Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease
CC area Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years
ULB
Table 14: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures
Monitoring Responsibility
1. Construction Stage
Sewerage System / Urban Drainage
All construction sites
Trenching and laying of pipe lines Handling of equipments and machines Loading, transportation and unloading of equipments / construction materials
Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems, loading and unloading, and stock piling causing injuries or death
Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc. Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident
Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register
Contractor, PMU and ULB
48
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures
Monitoring Responsibility
reports and records
2. Operation Stage
Sewerage System
Sewer networks and STP site
Repair work and de-silting Sewer cleaning – sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste Treating ground water contamination
Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and skin problems such as allergy and injuries
Providing personal protective equipments such as mask, boots, gloves, etc. Immediate medical attention and first aid
Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance; and accident records
ULB
Gas monitoring in sewer pipes
Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.
First aid and awareness training to staff
Chlorine Handling
Eye irritation, Respiratory problems - allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems
Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals Installation of safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff
Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records Monthly health check-up for workers Maintenance of accident reports and records
ULB
Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine
Sludge handling
C. Capacity Building and Training Needs
122. A training program has been developed to build the capability of PMU, PIU, and Davangere CMC in implementing the EMP. The suggested outline of the training program is presented in Table 15.
Table 15: Indicative Capacity Building and Training Program Description Contents Schedule Participants
49
Description Contents Schedule Participants
Program 1
Orientation Program / Workshop for and Implementing Agency and Executing Agency
Module 1 – Orientation
Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP ADBs Environmental Assessment Guidelines EA requirements of NKUSIP Indian Environmental Laws and Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process
Investment Program categorization as per ADB IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports Identification of Environmental Impacts Identification Mitigation Measures Formulation of Environmental Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Summary EIA/IEEs Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts
2 days PMU officials involved in the Investment Program ULB officials involved in NKUSIP implementation
Program - 2
Orientation Program / Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory staff
Module 1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures
Environmental issues related urban infrastructure during construction Implementation of mitigation measures Monitoring of implementation
1 day
Contractors involved in NKUSIP Supervisory staff of ULB
Program - 3
Experience Sharing
Module – Experiences and Best Practices
Experiences on implementation in terms of environmental concerns of implemented Investment Programs Best Practices followed
1 day (every alternative year from the start of NKUSIP, i.e. 2010)
PMU officials ULB officials Local NGOs
D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan
123. The Contractor’s cost for site establishment, preliminary, construction, and defect liability activities will be incorporated into the contractual agreements, which will be binding on him for implementation. The air quality, surface water quality, and noise level monitoring of construction and defect liability phases will be conducted by the contractor. 124. The operation phase mitigation measures are again of good operating practices, which will be the responsibility of KSPCB. The air quality and noise level monitoring during the operation and maintenance phase will be conducted by the environmental laboratory of KSPCB, therefore there are no additional costs 125. The activities identified in environmental monitoring program mainly includes site inspections and informal discussions with workers and local people and this will be the responsibility of PMU and DSC with the assistance of DSC, costs of which are part of project management. 126. A preliminary cost estimate has been made for implementation of proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan for NKUSIP program in Davanagere city, which is presented in Table 16. The cost will be borne by Contractor/ULB during operation phase. Cost of training
50
programs will be part of the capacity enhancement program of NKUSIP.
Table 16: Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring Plan. Item Sampling Method /
Frequency of Monitoring Cost per
Annum (Rs)
1 Water quality monitoring during operation period
1.1. Sewage quality at the inlet of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.
Grab sample / Once in a month
60,000.00
1.2. Treated sewage quality monitoring at the outlet of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.
Grab sample / Once in a month
60,000.00
1.3. Treated sewage quality monitoring by third party @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.
Grab sample / Once in four season per year
20,000.00
2. Sludge quality monitoring @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.
Grab sample / Once in two years
2,500.00
Total 147,500.00
E. Monitoring and Reporting
127. Prior to commencement of any civil work, the contractor will submit a compliance report to DSC ensuring that all identified pre-construction environmental impact mitigation measures as detailed in the EMP will be undertaken. DSC will review the report and thereafter PMU (state, regional and divisional levels) will allow commencement of civil works. 128. PMU, PIU, and DSC will organize an induction course for the training of contractors preparing them on:
(i) EMP implementation including environmental monitoring requirements related to identified mitigation measures; and
(ii) taking immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation.
129. The PMU, PIU, and DSC consultants will be responsible for monitoring. The DSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. The format of the monthly report is given in Appendix 6.
VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
130. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of the subproject in Davangere. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre- , construction, and operation of the improved infrastructure. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. These were discussed with specialists responsible for the engineering aspects, and as a result some measures have already been included in the designs for the infrastructure. This means that the number of impacts and their significance has already been reduced by amending the design. 131. The public participation processes undertaken during project design ensure stakeholders are engaged during the preparation of the IEE. The planned information disclosure measures and process for carrying out consultation with affected people will facilitate their participation during project implementation. 132. The subproject’s Grievance Redress Mechanism will provide the citizens with a platform for redress of their grievances and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame and
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mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance. 133. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between KUIDFC, PMU, PIU, consultants and the contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. 134. A copy of the EMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included within the Contractual Clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. 135. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts because: (i) most of the individual components involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized; (ii) in most cases the predicted impacts are likely to be associated with the construction process and are produced because the process is invasive, involving excavation, obstruction at specific construction locations, and earth movements; and (iii) being located mainly on existing facilities and built-up area will not cause direct impact on terrestrial biodiversity values. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. 136. Therefore per ADB SPS, the subproject is classified as environmental Category B and does not require further Environmental Impact Assessment.
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APPENDIX 1:RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: IND: NKUSIP – Tranche 3 Sector Division: South Asia Urban and Water Division
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
B. Project Siting
Is the project area
Densely populated? The sewerage network will pass through dense and built up areas of Davangere City
Heavy with development activities?
Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?
Cultural heritage site
Protected Area
Wetland
Mangrove
Estuarine
Buffer zone of protected area
Special area for protecting biodiversity
Bay
A. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause…
Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
There are no monuments/ historical sites in the nearby surroundings of the project area.
Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?
During the construction stage of underground sewer lines, traffic and human activities will be temporarily interfered along with pollution due to dust generation and noise due to operation of construction machineries. Traffic management plan with proper sign boards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up have been suggested.
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people
No land acquisition is required for project implementation so there is no resettlement of people.
Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?
The proposed system is designed to meet the discharge norms of Inland Surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is
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suggested that the STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and also no industrial waste / effluents should discharge to sewer lines which will affect treatment.
Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?
Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.
Environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?
It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal has to be carried out once in 2 to 3 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Davanagere CC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged to the sewer lines.
Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works? It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board.
Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?
It is suggested in EMP that Davanagere CC has to ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged in to sewer lines.
Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?
Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is suggested to provide proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings.
Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?
The local labour force will be utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.
Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?
Road blocking and Traffic re routing will be required during construction stage of sewer .lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the project.
Noise and dust from construction activities? It is suggested in the EMP that all the construction machineries should comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Sprinkling of water should be done along the construction area for dust suppression.
Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?
Traffic management with re routing of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material / waste transport.
Temporary silt runoff due to construction? The construction waste water will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate water quality of
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discharging courses.
Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?
Regular maintenances of sewer line have to be carried out to avoid over flow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for groundwater pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (30-50 feet )
Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?
Sludge from the bottom of SBR has to be removed at regular intervals (normally once in 2-3 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and there by deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated.
Contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?
Sludge should be disposed off only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geosynthetic lining such that it will not leach to the nearby water courses / land and pollute environment.
Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which may be contained in sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge?
Mixing of hazardous / industrial effluents with sewage may result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided protective measures such as boots, masks etc to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge.
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APPENDIX 2:NOISE STANDARDS
A. Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010 Rule 3. Ambient air guality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones
(1) The ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones shall be such as specified below (2) The State Government shall categorize the areas into industrial, commercial, residential or silence areas/zones for the purpose of implementation of noise standards for different areas. (5) An area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions and courts may be declared as silence area/zone for the purpose of these rules.
Area Code
Category of Area Limit in dB(A) Leqa
Day Time Night Time
A. Industrial area 75 70
B. Commercial area 65 55
C. Residential area 55 45
D. Silence zone 50 40
Notes: 1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. 2. Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM and 6 AM. 3. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 m around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority. * dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. A “decibel” is a unit in which noise is measured. “A”, in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear. Leq is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.
Rule 5. Restrictions on the use of Loud Speakers/Public Address system and sound producing instruments
(2) Any sound producing instrument shall not be used at night time except in closed premises for communication within, like auditoria, conference rooms, community halls, banquet halls or during a public emergency; (4) The noise level at the boundary of the public place, where any noise source is being used shall not exceed 10 dB (A) above the ambient noise standards for the area or 75 dB (A) whichever is lower;
Rule 5A. Restrictions on the use of sound emitting construction equipments.
(3) Sound emitting construction equipments shall not be used or operated during night time in residential areas and silence zones.
B. Noise limit for generator sets run with petrol or kerosene The noise limit for generator sets run with petrol or kerosene notified by Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules, 2000, vide G.S.R. 742 (E), dated 25th September, 2000, at serial no. 91, and as amended by Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules, 2001, vide G.S.R. 628 (E), dated 30th August, 2001 and Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules,
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2011, vide G.S.R. 215 (E), dated 15th March, 2011, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is as follows:
Noise Limit from
September 1, 2002 September 1, 2003
Sound Power Level LWA 90 dBA 86 dBA
C. Noise limit for generator sets run with diesel Paragraph 1: Noise limit for Generator Sets run with Diesel notified by Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules vide GSR 371(E), dated 17th May 2002 at serial no.94 and its amendments vide GSR No 520(E) dated 1st July 2003; GSR 448(E), dated 12th July 2004; GSR 315(E) dated 16th May 2005; GSR 464(E) dated 7th August 2006; GSR 566(E) dated 29th August 2007 and GSR 752(E) dated 24th October 2008; G.S.R. 215 (E), dated 15th March, 2011 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986) is as follows:
Noise limit for diesel generator sets (up to 1000 KVA) manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005
The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated capacity up to 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 metre from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself.
The implementation of noise limit for these diesel generator sets shall be regulated as given in paragraph 3 below. 2. Noise limit for DG sets not covered by paragraph 1. Noise limits for diesel generator sets not covered by paragraph 1, shall be as follows:-
2.1 Noise from DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the room acoustically, at the users end. 2.2 The acoustic enclosure or acoustic treatment of the room shall be designed for minimum 25 dB (A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side ( if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points at 0.5 m from the acoustic enclosure/ room, then averaged. 2.3 The DG set shall be provided with proper exhaust muffler with insertion loss of minimum 25 dB (A). 2.5 Guidelines for the manufacturers/ users of Diesel Generator sets shall be as under:-
01. The manufacturer shall offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB (A) insertion loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with insertion loss of 25 dB(A). 02. The user shall make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper citing and control measures. 03. Installation of DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the DG set manufacturer.
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04. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
GSR.7 dated 22 December 1998 amendment to Environment Protection Rules 1986 Standards/guidelines for control of Noise Pollution from Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) Sets. (i) Noise Standards for DG Sets (15-500 KVA) The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than, 94+10 log10 (KVA), dB(A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power rating of a DG set. This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then in 2007. (ii) Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationary DG sets (5 KVA and above) Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the room acoustically. The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, which ever is on the higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged. The DG set should also be provide with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of minimum 25 dB(A). (iii) Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets (5KVA and above) 01 The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB(A) insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler, with insertion loss of 25dB(A). 02. The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise 03 The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsilenced DG sets as per standards prescribed under (A). 04. The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user’s end, shall be within2 dB(a) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing stage as prescribed under (A). 05. Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the DG set manufacturer. 06. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use. D) GSR 742(E) dated 30.08.1990 amended GSR 422 (E) dated 19 May, 1993 Noise limits for domestic appliances and construction equipments at the manufacturing stage in dB(A)
Window air conditioners of 1 -1.5 tonne 68
Air coolers 60
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Refrigerators 46
Compactors (rollers), front loaders, concentrate mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws
75
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APPENDIX 3 :OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure (NIOSH Publication no. 98-126) Combination of noise exposure levels and duration that no worker exposure shall equal or exceed
Exposure Level (dBA) Duration
Hours Minutes Seconds
80 25 24 -
81 20 10 -
82 16 - -
83 12 42 -
84 10 5 -
85 8 - -
86 6 21
87 5 2 -
88 4 - -
89 3 10 -
90 2 31 -
91 2 - -
92 1 35 -
93 1 16
94 1 - -
95 - 47 37
96 - 37 48
97 - 30 -
98 - 23 49
99 - 18 59
100 - 15 -
103 - 7 30
105 - 4 43
110 - 1 29
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APPENDIX 4: RESOLUTION OF DAVANGERE CMC ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
SUBPROJECT
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APPENDIX 5: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM
(To be available also in Kannada, Marathi and Hindi)
The _____________________________________Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you. Date Place of registration
Contact Information/Personal Details
Name
Gender * Male * Female
Age
Home Address
Village / Town
District
Phone no.
Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below: If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here:
How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance)
Mode of communication: Note/Letter E-mail Verbal/Telephonic
Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Official(s) reviewing grievance)
Action Taken:
Whether Action Taken Disclosed:
Yes No
Means of Disclosure:
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APPENDIX 6: SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FORMAT 1. Introduction The components taken up for Davengere are as follows.
Package Sub Project Physical Completion (%) Date of Award Date of Completion
2. Status of Permissions/Consents/Clearances/Approvals
Particulars
Sub Project
KSPCB
Railways
NH PWD
KPTCL / HESCOM
Forest Minor Irrigation
Irrigation
3. Field Visits & Training conducted
Field Visit Date Site Visited Persons Met Remarks
Training Date Location Nature of Training Participants
4. Compliance to EMP
Particulars Subprojects Compliance Compliance to EMP
Design/Location. Preconstruction stage Monitoring.
Construction stage monitoring
Occupational health risks & Safety plan for workers
5. Redress of Grievance
Sub projects Registers Maintained No of grievances received
Action taken
6. Environmental Monitoring Components Package/Location Parameters/Pollutants Sampling Period Monitoring result
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7. Summary & Conclusions EMP monitoring has done daily (See annexure I) on critical issues.
Sl No: Issues/Deviations Corrective Action to be taken
City: Date
Package Number:
Name of Work:
Date of Commencement & Completion:
Description of work ongoing:
Location of work ongoing:
Sl No
Parameters Compliance Status on Date
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Signature of Program Consultant-CSS:
Signature of Contractor:
Signature of NKUSIP Cell –AEE:
