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Vietnam Blended Learning Program
The World Bank in Vietnam Vietnam Development Information Center
Project: Project: Training Program on Renewable Energy Potential Training Program on Renewable Energy Potential and Carbon Offset opportunities for Agriculture and Carbon Offset opportunities for Agriculture
and Forestry Development in Vietnamand Forestry Development in Vietnam
Proposed by: Proposed by:
Institute of Energy Science (Vietnam)Institute of Energy Science (Vietnam)UQ SMART (Australia)UQ SMART (Australia)
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Overview
1. Energy supply and demand trends in Vietnam
2. Review of Technical Needs Assessment for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Vietnam
3. Carbon Finance & the Clean Development Mechanism
4. CDM Projects in Vietnam
i. Overviewii. Vietnam CDM Project Case studiesii. Vietnam CDM Project Case studiesiii. Barriers to CDM projects in Vietnam
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E l d d d t d i Vi t Energy supply and demand trends in Vietnam
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Energy sources
EIA, 2010.
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Installed capacity 11,340 MW
At 2005Ref: World Bank
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Greenhouse Emissions
Adapted from: UNFCC Country Emission Profiles, 2000
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Review of Technical Needs Assessment for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
in Vietnam
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http://unfccc.int/ttclear/sunsetcms/storage/contents/stored-file-20130327170620878/TechnologyNeedsAssessment-Mitigation_Vietnam.pdf
http://unfccc.int/ttclear/sunsetcms/storage/p // / / / g /contents/stored-file-20130327170654615/TechnologyNeedsAssessment-Adaptation_Vietnam.pdf
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Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change and Adaptation
Mitigation technologies
identified for priority sectors
(UNEP, GEP, AiT, June, 2012)
Energy Agriculture Land use and change
and forestryand forestry
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Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change and Adaptation,
Adaptation technologies
identified for priority sectors (UNEP, GEP, AiT, June, 2012)
Agriculture Land Use, Land Use Change
and Forestry (LULUCF) Coastal zone management Coastal zone management Water resources
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Suggested Mitigation Technologies - Energy
Wind power Wind power
Energy efficiency (compact fluoro lights)
Large scale heat and power (cogeneration)
Bus rapid transitp
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Suggested Mitigation Technologies -Agriculture
Biogas (anaerobic digestion) Biogas (anaerobic digestion)
Nutrition improvement through fodder supplements
Wet and dry irrigation in certain rice growth stages
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Mitigation Technologies – Land use, Land use change & Forestry
Sustainable forest management Sustainable forest management
Afforestation and reforestation
Rehabilitation of mangrove
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Suggested Adaptation Technologies –Agriculture
Plant/genetic breeding Plant/genetic breeding
Rice to upland grain
Triple to double cropping and shrimp/fish/rice poultry crop
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Adaptation Technologies – Coastal Zone Management
Sea dyke Sea-dyke
Coastal wetland rehabilitation
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Potential Mitigation Projects
Project ideas cited for international supportProject ideas cited for international support (potential CDM projects):
Financial support and subsidies for wind power
Bio-fuel/cogeneration
Bio-energy in livestock sector (reduce burning and produce methane)
Afforestation on sandy land at South Central coasty
Reforestation and protection of mangrove forests.
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Potential Adaptation Projects
Project ideas cited for international support j pp(and potential CDM projects):
Building a conversion model to change rice crops into fruit tree cropscrops into fruit-tree crops
Financial support and subsidies for wind power
Developing high-quality timber trees for plantation economyplantation economy.
Develop agro-forestry model in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan region
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Carbon Finance & the Clean Development Mechanism
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Potential Carbon Finance Bodies
UNFCC Carbon Development Mechanism
https://cdm.unfccc.int/about/index.html
World Bank Carbon Finance
http://carbonfinance.org
European Investment Bank & Carbon Finance
http://eib.org (EUR 150 million assigned Oct 2012)
UNFCC Green Climate Fund UNFCC Green Climate Fund
http://gcfund.net/home.html
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Potential For CDM and VCS Carbon Offset Projects in Vietnam
Significant hydropower resources
3000 km of windswept coast
300 hot-stream sources ranging from 30-148°C g g(geothermal power)
Great potential for solar
Agriculture residues for energy usageRef: Nguyen et al 2010Ref: Nguyen et al, 2010
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Biomass and other small hydro suggested as
Potential For CDM and VCS Carbon Offset Projects in Vietnam
Biomass and other small hydro suggested as cost-effective at 2 $/tCO2
Wind energy would be economical at 3 $/tCO2(Nguyen and Ha-Duong, 2009a, 2009b, cited by Nguyen et al, 2010)
Energy efficiency projects e.g. power generators, industrial boilers, domestic
Biomass and biogas recovery
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Barriers to Carbon Offset Projects
Regulatory (structures process delays process) Regulatory (structures, process delays, process)
Bureaucracy
Tariff uncertainty
Access to information e.g. electricity sector data
Local capacity Ref: Nguyen et al, 2010
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CDM Projects in Asia, Dec 2012
• Total 7 218 projects• Total 7,218 projects
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CER Price, May 2013
Currently 20 euro cents Currently 20 euro cents
Too low to support CDM projects
Projects that have higher Projects that have higherenvironmental credentialscommand higher price on voluntary market
Carbon financing (non–market) key to low-emissions projects in the short-medium term
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CDM Projects in Vietnam
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Vietnam CDM Projects, Dec 2012
233 projects registered E t d i i d ti f 123 913 250 tCO2 Expected emission reduction of 123,913,250 tCO2e
Hydro (213), methane avoidance (24), biomass energy (19), land fill gas (7)
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CDM Project Case Studies
A VASB Bi P j t M k D ltA. VASB Biogas Project, Mekong Delta
B. Fuel conversion (biomass), Textile Manufacturer, Ho Chi Minh
C Dak Psi 5 Hydropower ProjectC. Dak Psi 5 Hydropower Project
D. Chi Khe Hydropower Project
E. Muong Hum 32 MW Hydropower Project
F Methane Recovery & Biogas UtilisationF. Methane Recovery & Biogas Utilisation
G. Cao Phong Reforestation Project
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CDM Project Case Studies
CDM P j t S h PCDM Project Search Page:
https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/projsearch.html
Refer to Project ID# for each case study.
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A) VASB Biogas, Mekong Delta
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A) VASB Biogas, Mekong Delta
Installation of 917 VACB reactors (total 3.32 MW thermal)
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Mekong Delta contributes 50% of total rice
A) VASB Biogas, Mekong Delta
gproduction and 50% of aquaculture
Project ID# 6132
Project supports 917 farm households
T t l i i d ti f 1 045 tCO2/ Total emission reduction of 1,045 tCO2/yr as biogas replaces use of fossil fuel/wood
Other benefits forest conservation & improving livelihoods
reductionof fertiliser use
odour reduction
Capital cost – US$144,150
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B) Ho Chi Minh Textiles Manufacturer
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B) Ho Chi Minh Textiles Manufacturer
Small Scale Renewable CDM
Project ID# 6598
Boiler Fuel Conversion from fuel oil to biomass (rice husk briquettes)(rice husk briquettes)
15.4 MW thermal
Capital Cost: 13.3 billion VND
CO2 reduction:
24,040 tCO2/year
168,280 tCO2 (7 yrs)
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C) Dak Psi 5 Hydropower Project
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/TUEV-RHEIN1301992418.38/view
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C) Dak Psi 5 Hydropower Project
S ll S l R bl CDM Small Scale Renewable CDM
Project ID# 4656
Hydropower - 10 MW power plant, 2 x 5 MW each on Dak Psi stream at Dak Psi, Western Highlands
Annual electricity output: 43,720 MWh
Project Supporters: Duc Thanh Gia Lai Joint Stock Company/ Investment & Trade Consultancy Co. Ltd/ RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft
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C) Dak Psi 5 Hydropower Project
Capital cost: US$ 9.6 million
CO2 reduction:
23 719 tCO2/year 23,719 tCO2/year
166,033 tCO2 (7 yrs)
Carbon breakeven price: $11/tCO2
Risk Level: Low
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D) Chi Khe Hydropower Project
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D) Chi Khe Hydropower Project
Large Scale Renewable CDM 2011Large Scale Renewable CDM, 2011
Project ID# 4520
41 MW Hydropower located on Ca River in Chi Khe commune Nghe An provincecommune, Nghe An province,
Annual elec output: 191,290 MWh
Project Supporters: Agrita - Nghe Tinh Energy Joint Stock Co /Energy and Environment ConsultancyStock Co. /Energy and Environment Consultancy Joint Stock Co./ South Pole Carbon Asset Management Ltd.
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D) Chi Khe Hydropower Project
CO2 reduction:
91,939 tCO2/year
643 572 tCO2 (7 yrs) 643,572 tCO2 (7 yrs)
Carbon breakeven price: unknown
Risk Level: Medium due to carbon price, regulatory issuesregulatory issues
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E) Muong Hum 32 MW Hydropower Project
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E) Muong Hum 32 MW Hydropower Project
Small Scale Renewable CDM Small Scale Renewable CDM
Project ID# 4949
Hydropower - 32MW hydropower plant with ill t th N i Ph t Ri i L C ispillway gates on the Ngoi Phat River in Lao Cai
Province in NW Vietnam
Annual elec output: 122 GWh
Project Supporters: Son Vu Energy Development Joint Stock Co. / Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc.
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E) Muong Hum 32 MW Hydropower Project
Capital: US$ 25.5 million
CO2 reduction:
23 719 tCO2/year23,719 tCO2/year
166,033 tCO2 (7 yrs)
Carbon breakeven price: $15/tCO2
Risk Level: Medium due to carbon price
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F) Methane Recovery & Biogas Utilisation
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F) Methane Recovery & Biogas Utilisation
Small Scale Waste/Energy CDMgy
Project ID# 2368
Waste water treatment with biogas recovery for starch processing (cassava) factory.
M th t Methane to fuel a dryer.
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Project Supporters: Yen Binh Trading & Investment
F) Methane Recovery & Biogas Utilisation
j pp gCompany Ltd/ AES Carbon Exchange Ltd
Capital: US$ 2 million
CO2 reduction:
39,618 tCO2/year
277,329 tCO2 (7 yrs)
$ Carbon breakeven price: $14/tCO2
Risk Level: Low
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G) Cao Phong Reforestation Project
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G) Cao Phong Reforestation Project
Small Scale Agriculture/Reforestation
Project ID# 2363
365 ha of tree plantations on degraded grass and p g gshrub land in Xuan Phong and Bac Phongcommunes, Hoa Binh province
Project Supporters: Forest Development Fund
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G) Cao Phong Reforestation Project
Capital: $2 348 million VND Capital: $2,348 million VND
CO2 reduction:
2,665 tCO2/year
42,645 tCO2 (15 yrs), ( y )
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4949
ViệnViện KhoaKhoa họchọc năngnăng lượnglượng ((ViệtViệt Nam)Nam)UQ SMART UQ SMART –– The University of Queensland (Australia)The University of Queensland (Australia)