Don McLean

DMD & Associates Ltd.

www.dmdeng.com

Advanced Roadway Lighting Workshop Advanced Roadway Lighting Workshop Advanced Roadway Lighting Workshop Advanced Roadway Lighting Workshop ---- Oct 26,2011Oct 26,2011Oct 26,2011Oct 26,2011

Upcoming Advancements in Roadway Lighting Upcoming Advancements in Roadway Lighting Upcoming Advancements in Roadway Lighting Upcoming Advancements in Roadway Lighting Design PracticeDesign PracticeDesign PracticeDesign Practice

Todays PresentationTodays PresentationTodays PresentationTodays Presentation

Overview of updates to IES RP-8 Mesopic lighting research, S/P ratios Glare LCS / BUG Sidewalk lighting Intersection lighting Adaptive street lighting Unit Power Density (UPD) LEDs

RPRPRPRP----8888----2011?2011?2011?2011?

Overview of upcoming changes:

Value of roadway lighting added Luminance will be the primary calculation method Luminaire Classification System (LCS) replaces Cut-off Classifications Glare and Skyglow added however very general (Ref RP-33) Impacts of car headlamps added (low speed applications) Info on impacts of trees added Spectral considerations (mesopic) added Luminance replaces illuminance for roadways Highmast added Crosswalk lighting added (vertical illuminance) Adaptive Lighting added (very general) Railway crossings updated however in Canada follow Transport

Canada RTD-10 or TAC Roundabouts added based on TAC also ref IES DG-19 Toll plazas added based on TAC

Reference DocumentsReference DocumentsReference DocumentsReference Documents

Useful Documents / Status: IES Handbook 10th edition now out (major re-write)

IES/IDA MLO Available (IDA web site)

IES RP-33 Outdoor Lighting Being updated

IES DG-28 Guide for the Selection of Controls for Outdoor Roadway Lighting Applications being updated

CSA C653 Luminaire Performance (UPD) Updates coming to include LEDs

TAC Roadway Lighting Design Guide Update will take place in next year

IMSA Level II Roadway Lighting Certification available

DMD Studies / ResearchDMD Studies / ResearchDMD Studies / ResearchDMD Studies / Research

Edmonton Green standards / energy reduction

Hamilton Study Energy efficiency

Nova Scotia (UNSM) Energy efficiency review

LED specs Edmonton, Fort St John, Coquitlam

Surrey LED review

BC Hydro 15 adaptive lighting studies

City of Calgary adaptive lighting study

Coquitlam LED pilot

Nova Scotia LED pilot

NRCAN Adaptive Lighting pilots (20)

Prince George Adaptive Lighting pilot (500 lights)

Basic Principals of VisionBasic Principals of VisionBasic Principals of VisionBasic Principals of VisionAdaptation of the eye occurs in the retina as the eye adjusts to the varying scene brightness such as the overhead lighting system, approaching vehicle headlights as well as ambient lighting conditions.

States of adaptation include:

ScotopicScotopicScotopicScotopic VisionVisionVisionVision Rods are active, at 0.001 cd/m2 or lower. No sensation of color.

MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic VisionVisionVisionVision Rods and cones are active, at 0.001 cd/m2 and 3.0 cd/m2. Sensitive to color (more blue at the lower end of the adaptation range and more red at the higher).

PhotopicPhotopicPhotopicPhotopic VisionVisionVisionVision Cones are active, at 3.0 cd/m2 and above. Color vision. Basis for photometric measurements.

Rod Rod Rod Rod Cone VisionCone VisionCone VisionCone Vision

ScotopicScotopicScotopicScotopic, , , , MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic and and and and PhotopicPhotopicPhotopicPhotopic

MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic ResearchResearchResearchResearch

Research for Mesopic Models Developed: Mesopic Optimization Visual Efficiency (MOVE), Mark Rae Unified Photometry MOVE based on colour Both similar.

Use S/P Ratios 0.63 (HPS), 1.51 (MH) and 2.04 (LED) By suppliers

International Commission on Illumination (CIE) CIE 191 Recommended System for Mesopic Photometry Based on Visual Performance which is essentially a blending of the Reas and MOVE research.

MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic ResearchResearchResearchResearch

RP8 Effective Luminance Multipliers are listed for various lighting levels taking into the mesopic factor. It is also noted that mesopic multipliers only be used in applications for street lighting where the posted speed limit is 40 km/h or less. This is due to the heavy dependence of the mesopic research on peripheral vision and the fact that driving tasks at higher speeds maybe more heavily dependent on foveal vision.

A Visibility Model study being undertaken by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (www.vtti.vt.edu/cibss.php) is underway to evaluate spectral power distribution effects on the nighttime driving task under dynamic conditions.

If we therefore consider the multiplier listed in the 2011 version of IES RP8 for a local road with low pedestrian activity (ie; residential subdivision) then we could reduce the required minimum luminancerequired from 0.3 cm/m2 down to 0.25 cd/m2 by using the LED multiplier of 0.834.

MOVE ResearchMOVE ResearchMOVE ResearchMOVE Research

Rae Rae Rae Rae MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic ResearchResearchResearchResearch

IESNA RPIESNA RPIESNA RPIESNA RP----8 8 8 8 MesopicMesopicMesopicMesopic MultipliersMultipliersMultipliersMultipliers

HPS HPS HPS HPS vsvsvsvs Metal Halide/LEDMetal Halide/LEDMetal Halide/LEDMetal Halide/LEDMetal Halide / LEDHigh Pressure Sodium

Visual Clarity

Peripheral

Low speeds under 50km/h

Object Detection

Foveal (forward)

Freeways/Highways

GlareGlareGlareGlare

Glare is the sensation produced by:

Luminance in visual field sufficiently greater than Luminance in visual field sufficiently greater than Luminance in visual field sufficiently greater than Luminance in visual field sufficiently greater than luminance to which the eye is adapted to.luminance to which the eye is adapted to.luminance to which the eye is adapted to.luminance to which the eye is adapted to.

Bright sources create glare. Light is scattered in the eye which results in haze reducing vision know as veiling luminance.

Example - bright oncoming headlights significantly reduce one's vision.

Causes discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility (disability) .

Glare sensations and effects varies greatly between observers.

GlareGlareGlareGlare

GlareGlareGlareGlare

VL ratio must be considered as way to reduce glare

RP-8 VL Ratios 0.3:1 and 0.4:1 based on 25 year old drivers

Glare impacts/factors increase with age. Age factor from RP-8 listed below

Suggest apply 0.2:1 or better

Lighting Classifications Lighting Classifications Lighting Classifications Lighting Classifications ---- Past SystemPast SystemPast SystemPast System

LuminaireLuminaireLuminaireLuminaire Classification System (LCS) / Classification System (LCS) / Classification System (LCS) / Classification System (LCS) / Back UpBack UpBack UpBack Up----light Glare (BUG)light Glare (BUG)light Glare (BUG)light Glare (BUG) LCS came first based on IES TM-15 Replaces traditional IES cutoff classification

system (ie; full, semi, non, etc). Defined in IES TM-15.

BUG was a refinement of LCS focused on backlight, up-light and glare.

BUG is product of IDA/IES Model Lighting Ordinance.

New RP-8 references LCS not BUG.

LCS / BUGLCS / BUGLCS / BUGLCS / BUG

LCS ExampleLCS ExampleLCS ExampleLCS Example

BUGBUGBUGBUG

Luminaire Rating Example B2 U0-G0

LCS

Use Photometric Toolbox Professional Edition

www.agi32.com/products.htm

Sidewalk LightingSidewalk LightingSidewalk LightingSidewalk Lighting

Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Often not Often not Often not Often not ConsideredConsideredConsideredConsidered

Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Sidewalk Lighting ---- SurroundsSurroundsSurroundsSurrounds

Intersection Lighting Intersection Lighting Intersection Lighting Intersection Lighting Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical IlluminationIlluminationIlluminationIllumination

CSA C653 CSA C653 CSA C653 CSA C653 ---- UPDUPDUPDUPD

LEDsLEDsLEDsLEDs

Fact Technology is evolving at a rapid pace

Optical systems vary widely. Lots of R&D.

High potential and suppliers are investing heavily

Adaptive controls easy to integrate

Unproven Long term performance

CostCostCostCost - Better quality LED street lights can be over $1,000$1,000$1,000$1,000 whereas a typical cobra head luminaire is typically around $200. Some of lower wattage LEDs now $200. Some of lower wattage LEDs now $200. Some of lower wattage LEDs now $200. Some of lower wattage LEDs now around $300.00around $300.00around $300.00around $300.00

Light Loss FactorLight Loss FactorLight Loss FactorLight Loss Factor - LED luminaires have varying heat management systems which are a function of thermodynamics (not a typical lighting designers background). The higher the junction temperature, the higher its light loss factor. IESNA LM-80 reports defines a test method to define the rate of loss of output over time at different junction temperatures. This is key as it is used to define the light loss This is key as it is used to define the light loss This is key as it is used to define the light loss This is key as it is used to define the light loss factor applied to the designfactor applied to the designfactor applied to the designfactor applied to the design

StandardizationStandardizationStandardizationStandardization - LED roadway luminaires are relatively new to the market and as such their is a lack of proven specifications. Products vary in design and optics.Products vary in design and optics.Products vary in design and optics.Products vary in design and optics.

Lack of Proven Long Term PerformanceLack of Proven Long Term PerformanceLack of Proven Long Term PerformanceLack of Proven Long Term Performance - As LED roadway luminaires are new to the industry, long term performance has not been confirmed. This leads to some level This leads to some level This leads to some level This leads to some level of risk to the owner.of risk to the owner.of risk to the owner.of risk to the owner.

Flat rate lighting Flat rate lighting Flat rate lighting Flat rate lighting Utility must develop flat rates for LEDs

LED ConsiderationsLED ConsiderationsLED ConsiderationsLED Considerations

An energy savings of 53%53%53%53% will be gained from retrofitting the 1100 existing cobra head luminaires with the LRL Satellite luminaires.

If additional research funding is available, it is recommended the long term results of this pilot be measured and the results published.

Nova Scotia Pilot ResultsNova Scotia Pilot ResultsNova Scotia Pilot ResultsNova Scotia Pilot Results

Adaptive LightingAdaptive LightingAdaptive LightingAdaptive Lighting

The ability to vary lighting levels to suit activity levels.

Becoming accepted practice in many published documents

Bill in US Congress mandating adaptive controls for all new outdoor luminaires by 2013. Not law yet however...

Adaptive Lighting ExampleAdaptive Lighting ExampleAdaptive Lighting ExampleAdaptive Lighting Example

Potential Benefits Potential Benefits Potential Benefits Potential Benefits Adaptive LightingAdaptive LightingAdaptive LightingAdaptive Lighting

Reduced Energy Consumption Studies show 20% to 30% on average for most Cities while still meeting IES required light levels

Obtrusive Light Reduction Less light off site while people are sleeping

Power Consumption Monitoring Can be used to validate costs

Streamlined Asset Management Benefits maintenance

Adaptive Lighting Adaptive Lighting Adaptive Lighting Adaptive Lighting Potential Energy Potential Energy Potential Energy Potential Energy SavingsSavingsSavingsSavings

3

2

1

AdvantagesApplication

Energy Savings (say 5-10%)

Obtrusive Light Reduction

Reduce Lumen Output of Lamps to Maintained Levels

Significant Energy Savings (say 20-30%)

Obtrusive Light Reduction

Match Lumen Output to Variable Pedestrian Activity Levels

Possible Energy Savings (say 5-30%)

Obtrusive Light Reduction

Reduce levels on over lighted roads to levels required

Questions and AnswersQuestions and AnswersQuestions and AnswersQuestions and Answers

Copy of this presentation can be downloaded from DMD web site:

www.dmdeng.com Go to learning center