i • • • __________ COOPERATIVE' DlSPATCHING OF EMERGENCY SERVICES A Feasibility Study for Washington and Lamoille Counties In Central Vermont . Prepared for: The State of Vermont Governors; Cfommissicm on The Administration of Justice 149 State Street Montpelie.r, Vermont "05602 August 1976 by: A. Robert Pafzlaff t P.E!. "'rrave:J Talker Consulting 422 W. Maple St., Hinsdale, Illinois 60521 1\ I I ., 'r 1 If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov.
A Feasibility Study for Washington and Lamoille Counties In Central Vermont .
Prepared for:
The State of Vermont Governors; Cfommissicm on The Administration of Justice
149 State Street Montpelie.r, Vermont
"05602
August 1976
by: A. Robert Pafzlaff t P.E!.
"'rrave:J Talker Consulting Se'rvfc~s 422 W. Maple St., Hinsdale, Illinois 60521
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If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov.
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REPORT ON A FEASIBILITY STUDY
OF AN
INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS AND n~SpATCHING SYSTEM
FOR
POLICE, FIRE AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS)
IN CENTRAL VERMONT
A 5 tudy au thor j zed by th.e
VE!rmOl1t Governor's Commi 5S ion
on the
Administration of Justice
PerformC!d by: TRAVEL TALKER CONSULTING fNGINEERING SERVICES, 422 West Maple Street Hin!.dale, Illinois 60521
1\. Robe n F' a tZ I a f f, J>. E •
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PROJECT SYNOPSIS FOR
~ FEASIBILITY STUDY ON A CENJRAL YERMONT COQPERATIYE i)lSPATCH CENTER
Following is an abbreviated summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations contained In this report.
1. The project is referred to as "eYCDC" - Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center.
2. There is already a trend toward some sort of combined communication network in Lamoille and Washington Couni:y, but piecemeal efforts can defeat the effectiveness.
3. Citizen volunteer efforts in the Fire and Emergency Medical Services greatly need communication dispatching services to obtain effective usage from investments in radio equipments.
4. A telephone system using 7-digit numbers and designed to take advantage of extended free-calling zones would be less costly than 911, but would not provide a single number for emergency calls nor offer useful features available in 911 service. It could be an interim solution, however, to simpJ ify the many listed numbers for emergency service.
5. The most economical telephone syst~ for incoming calls would be with terminations in Montpel ier AD2- Hyde Park. !!il.b.,S. Microwave circuit bringing Lamoille County calls to Montpelier.
6. A center staffed properly for Washington County traffic would handle Lamoille County traffic. Two centers would increase costs by about 5~1o. The center should be in Montpelier.
7. Better on-site radio syst.em coordination among the services could be achieved with a new coordination channel in the 154 MHz region of loca; government frequel,cies.
8. Improved a.
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UHF radio coverage is recommended by: Putting a new Transmitter on "K" Troop Channel at Mt. Mansfield. Using Mobile Relay operation on a rural and a city channel. Using High Gain Uni-directional Antenna at Millstone Hill and an off-eenter pattern antenna at Mansfield. Consideration to a transmitter site at Roxbury Gap. Using receiver voting equipment to permit multi-path signal selection of mobiles in terrain of varryihg elevation.
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9. Improved ability for Police coordination from portables can be achieved with a highband portable radio and dual front end receiver for monitoring UHF, in place of all UHF portables, in some cases.
10. Middlesex is not a suitable location for the final op~rational site of a Dispatch Center because of the premium cost of telephone cirCUits, and its unfavorable location for Microwave and standby base radio stations.
11. A new site for State Police and D. P.S. Headquarters communica tions is recommended which could provide space to be rented by the CVCDC.
12. An operation budget for dispatching telephones and administation is estimated at about $225,000 per year.
13. With financial support from D. p. S. and Department of Health, a pro-rata funding plan is shown that would cost about $1.61 per person per year in the two counties. The net cost per town is less than that for which they could provide comparable services.
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14. Management of the Center could be by a hired Director, selected by an a-man Governing Board, responsible for CVCDC operation and policy.
A. Rob~rt Patzlaff, P.E. ~
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TABLE-DE CONTENTS
TEXT LLLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES
PROJECT SYNOPSIS - Feasibil ity Study on a Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
PART 1 - INTRODUCTION: Recent Observations 1-1 Trend Noted 1-2 Fire Departments Need Heip 1-4 D. o. H. Ambulance Servtces
School Buses 6-5 CBRadio AppJ ication 6-5 police Portable Radio
Cons i derat i on 6-6
PART 7 - Radio Coverage and PART 7 - Path Profiles - Southern .. Equipment Sites 7-1 Washington County 7-4 Sites and Recommend- Map - Location Roxbury
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ad Antennas 7-2 Gap Si te 7-5 Antenna Orientation -
UHF Police Channels 7-6
• S ta t i on Con t ro I Plans 7-7 PART 8 - Suggested Pro-Rata PART 8 - Chart - Town Sizes 8-5
Cost Plan 8-1 Est i ma ted Co 5 t of
Opera t ions 8-1 Pro-Rata Cost Formu'la • Suggestion 8-3
PART 9 - Management and Support PART 9 - Organization Chart 9-8
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Organi za t i on 9-1 D. P. S. Communica-
I tions Division • Support 9-1 Standards ~ Training 9-1 System Engineering &
Equipment Specifi-cat ions 9-2
Service and Maintenance 9-3
Pro-Rating Service Cost Formula 9-4 n
CVCDC Organ,izatjon 9-6 CVCDC Defined 9-6
• Members of Governing Board & Duties 9-6
CVCDC Managing Director 9-7
CVCDC Participants 9-7
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COOPERATIVE DISPATCHING OF EMERGENCY SERVICES PART I - INTRODUCTION
Recent Observations:
In a recent 13-day period traveling some 850 miles, talking to about
60 working level and management people involved in providing Police, Fire
and Ambulanc~ emergency assistance services to the citizens of Washington
and Lamoille Counties, Vermont, a message came through loud and clear from
the smaller towns. That message was: "What can you do to help us get better
communications?" Whi Ie the Department of Publ ic Safety has done an excellent
job in establ ishing a State-wide Pol ice communicatiQn network including a
Microwave central point-to-point system that serves not only State Pol ice,
Department of Highways, Civil ian Defense and other State communication require
ments, the day-to-day conrnunication dispatch operations of the municipalities
whereby single point call reception for Fire t Police or Ambulance is provided,
has not yet been squarely faced •
In the conversion to the 4S0MHz State-wide police radio system, the
frequency plan gave most towns of any size a rc3dio channel for their local
dispatch operations. However, one or two men t(lln Police departments eventual
ly seek relief from answering the police telephone at one of their residences
throughout the night and usually approach the town councilmen for funds to
provide a telephone 1 ine that may be answered at the Pol ice Di strict K barracks
at Middlesex. One town police chief reported that this minor cost for providing
night time dispatch service was often met with reluctance until he asked the
council if they would like the telephones to ring in their homes all night.
The approval wa$ gra~red!
HO\vever, the mere inconvenience of a telephone ringing at night is not the
• major reason for considering better dispatching methods or law enforcement
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activities. ~lany citizen!> depend .on their lccal resident area Ilcutpost
trcoper" .or "pClrt-time deputy sheriff" when they need u5sistance. Calling
these peeple directly finds a will ing spirit, ready te help at any heur. Hcw-
ever, the help is .often initiated witheut the awareness .of seme central radio
dispatch center te previde needed assistance sheuld the officer get inte a
situaticn beyend which he can handle individually. In many cases, eutpest
trcepers and velunteer sheriff's men wprk tegether but have nc way tc cemmuni-
cate with .one ancther. When a sheriff's vehicle requests a license check .or
natlenal crime infermatien and the cemputer prcduces a "hitl! (recegniticn .of
a stelen vehicle .or a dangere1ts suspect), this gees .out te .officers unknewn te
.other State Police .or City .officers listening en separate radie channels.
While sheriff1s departments .operate independently, raise their .own funds,
and largely assume personally all expenses fer their equipments, they neverthe
less are provldi~g pel ice protectien service te many rural areas. One way .or
the other these requests for pel ice assistance must be met and it weuld seem
wise te previde all law enfercement un,its with an effective cemmunicatien center
whereby preper assignment .of available manpewer, menitering .of further activi-
ties and pretectlve suppert among the varieus independently managed greups ceuld
be prcvided in a cccperative effert.
Trend Neted:
The fact that most smaller departments after trying tc dispatch their .own
units have already asked part-time dispatch assistance frcm either Middlesex
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.or the Lamoille Ceunty Sheriff, indicates a trend tewards this central dispatch •
cencept in the pel ice services. Hewever, being pursued as independent efferts
and net generally ceerdinated, this trend has net been witheut its prcblems.
Dispatching .on frequencies intended .only fer car-te-car cemmunicatlen in the • ever-all State-wide plan hG5 generated cenfuslcn and unnecessary interference.
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1 - 3 .- /'" r: BELVIDERE / '''-....
... ----~ l I ""1 i'o.. WATER'.:" ....... ) ,EDENi.q, r .....
, '.. VILLE / ......... , ' • /~ "/ 'i', V I . \ 0 1 I '" I CRAFTS[ ... ~ I JOHN.s.DN / V .~
I OU,HsURY I \, /l MONTPELIER ..., _ • 1 '"\ __ A • l... I '1', j .A,ntpelier / ;;. __ .......... )
I. . / ................... I MORETOWN /. ~' .. ~_./ P.LAINFIELO l r· "1-,. I, • I ....... ...,...,.. / -1 / '')... I BERLIN /. rre I .-...... E FAYSTON / ~ > ,X.I I ...... ..,..-, / / ~.£........ I, 0 I
r · -"\ ~ I . • . . -...,J ....... ~ I NORTHFIELD ..........
. .. ,,\ ~ a .A. IiCVCDC" I "'.. ...... ..(,... D"III!I'a. Conl,ol v.' .... le ....... tlv. Dispatch Conte,
'\ I "....... Present Dispatching. r eN WA R R EN ,I ...... ';- .,~ Part time FulJ Time
~ Ambulance ~ ir-...... I ROXBURY 0 Fire •
) .~ () Police .. . ., . .~
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The inability to transmit from Mt. Mansfield on the frequency assigned to
State Police Troop K results In several areas in the vicinity of Stowe where
communications on the Troop K frequency cannot be received. Other system de
sign problems needing attention prohibit the full util ization of portable
communications over extended ranges. An effort toward centralized dispatching
from Lamoille County is not complete in encompassing all services, and has run
into legal snags with respect to means for funding this operation. The net re
sult is an over-all fragmented conglomeration of individual approa~hes to solving
individual problems and has left an atmosphere of distrust and confusion arnong
the various agencies which it is hoped can be pulled together.
Eire Departments Need Help:
In the personal interviews conducted, those appealing loudest for assist
ance were the Individual volunteer fire groups throughout the two-county region.
While the Department of ,Publ ic Safety is charged with fire marshall responsi-
bil ity (See Chapter 113, Paragraph 1872 of State Code), the State Radio Communi
cation Syst~m provided for in Paragraph 1875 of the State Code makes no provision
for meeting the needs of the fire services. In an effort to improve the resources
available for fire fighting. rural fire departments have joined together in a
mutual aId organization. This provides participating towns access to nearby
fire equipments to support them in a large emergency. Here again, however,
Individual attempts are being made to coordinate crew alerting and dispatch com
munication. In some cases commercial communication ~ompanies are contracted to
dispatch or alert volunteer fire men.
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These fragmented answers to the question provide no trained public safety
personnel at the dispatch center to effectively direct movements of equip-
ment, or to coordinate a large scale fire through knowledgable procedures.
Lack of enforced communication operation procedures in the fire service re-
suIts in installation of transmitters on the mutual aid frequency in personal
vehicles. Thus many unnecessary transmissions clutter the air waves as fire-
men converge on the fire scene. Some ~owns have resorted to the use qf their·
Local Government channel in their fire vehicles to achieve some degree of co-
ordination among their police and other town vehicles. However, these local
town frequencies are different in each town and some fire departments have no
direct communication with town units operating on the mutual aid frequency.
De O. H. Ambulance Services Eguipments Need Dispatch Services:
The State Department of Health has done an excellent job in organizing
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individual ambulance service districts~ However, again the cry from the individual
operators is a need for communication from some central location when enroute to
the hospital. Often there is no provision for informing either a fire or ambu-
lance crew of a false call once they are enroute. Acting independentlY, the
Department of Health receives funding grants from the Department of Transporta
tion. This money is being used to solve tn their independent way the need for
dispatch from each individual ambulance service. It is hoped that the establish-
men~ of an over-all communication network will entail a second look at these
scattered dispatch centers and result in a more effective over-all coordinated
pian and less radio equipments in the hands of organizations not under the direct
control of a municipality or other government agency responsible for the equip·
ments.
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In the ambulances and fire vehicles a more standardized channel usage
could contribute to clearer instructions and more effective dispatcher coor
dination in a large emergency. Today Channel 1 may mean communication to one
point for one ambulance or fire vehicle operato'!' and cOlMlunication to another
point to another operator. Standardization along these I ines greatly simpli
fies training procedures.
Volunteer Effort Needs Supeort:
Thus, while the untiring volunteer efforts of many citizens is somehow'
providing the needed emergency services, they ,are not being provided without
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unnecessary expenditures and waste in manpower efforts and facil ities. There- •
fore, it is the intent of this report to review the ~resent situation and to
examine how a coordinated dispatch operation can be achieved. In approaching
this subject it is important that all understand what is meant by a dispatch
center. Simply stated" it is a center of operations which can coordinate the
activities but not disturb the integrity of independent I ine officer control
by the various participants.
State-~ide ~QordinatiQn Needed:
For over-all uniformity in communication operation there is a need for
State-wide standards and coordination. The State D. P. S. is most logically
the oversee organization to provide guidelines and technical support for the
facil ities of each dispatch center that may evolve. Without this coordination
dJvergent policies and pj'ocedures could result in compounded fragmentation
of communication. For effective interaction among the towns and services,
there is a need for over-all radio frequency coordination, operational guide! ine
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and tra I n ing programs, equl pment standa,'d i zati on and equ i pment servl ce
support. These activities can be supplied by strengthening and financially
supporting existing organizations within the State. Without this, divergent
paths will result in redundant equipment purchases, ineffective frequency
usage, and no over-all outlook as to how each individual municipality co-
ordinates with other municipal ities. Each individual municipal dispatch
center that may result from this beginning, must fit in with an over-all
State-wide pattern, just as the State of Vermont must provide means for
cOlmlunication with adjoining states.
The new and much-needed factor being considered by this study is a pro
vision for the day-to dey control and coordination of all the municipal safety
.<iQrnmunjcation services in a cooperative venture by the towns particivpating I
therein. What it is hoped can resul t is an organization which makes \the town
realize that each of them has a voice in the fiscal control, pol ietes, per-
sonne I selection and day-to-day operational procedures unique to their di~patch
center.
Ql?iectives:
The foJ'lowing portions of this report sUlmlarize existing faci} ities and
compares alternate approa(;hes to the design, and discuss financing and opera-
tion of a cooperative dispatch facility for Lamoille and Washington County.
Hopefu 11 y, tOts program study wi 11 be tha t ca ta I ec tic ac t i on needed to pu 11
together the resources now devoted to a series of divergent Individual efforts
into a cohesive program that wi II: (1) Be more effective and economically
practical to the towns; (2) Provlde:.B more uniform and simplified toil-free
telephone number plan for the citizenry to summon help in time ·of need. ,
With respect to the second point,it should be.recognized that a Centra)
Vermont citi~en today must sort through a complex maze of telephone numbers when needing
dial "directory assistance" [Federal Bureau of InvestIgatIon]
617·223·2728
.-Emergency Number Page .from I
New England Bell Telephohe I
Company Directory for the Barre - Montpelier Area. al
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..... or dial "OPERATOR" in any emergency and say for ex-ampl6 • "I want to report a fire at-" or "I want a policeman at-," If you cannot stay at the telephone, give the "OPERATOR" your city or town as well as your street and number or the exact loca· tion where help is needed.
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assistance. There are some 55 different police and fire telephone numbers
1 is ted on the emergency page for the a rea under cons i de"ra t ion. There are 6
more different numbers listed under "ambulances" in the "classifiedll section
of thE'! directory. \~hile many longtime residents of the area are well familiar
with their local police department, visitors and newcomers may not be so fami-
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1 iar. In time of distress it is important to be able to summon help quickly.
Seconds saved can prevent property loss or save lives. Today many telephone
numbers listed in the emergency page are further qual ified with hours during
which they may be called; others require a long distance call. While the State
has taken a very positive step by providing the IIdia1 zeroH facility, this
primarily serves the Police activities, and places the first reception of an
emergency call. input into the hands of a telephone company operator and not a
trained emergency service dispatcher. Thus, a very immediate and direct bene
fit to the citizenry and visitors to the State of Vermont would be a simplified
telephone numbering pla~ which was easily remembered, and an associated communi
cation center that would place within armIs rea~h of the dispatcher any facet
of the emergency services needed for response to a particular caller. It is felt
that a more simpl ified and lower cost emergency calling plan be achieved.
Acknowledgement:
This consultant wishes to extend his sincere gratitude for all the time
and cooperative effort provided by all the people interviewed during this study.
There was always a sense of gracious \>Jelcome and concern for the problem, and
this was much appreciClted. The attitude of willingness to find a better solu
tion to this complex question expressed by all should provide the further means
to resolve any misunderstandings among towns as this program progresses to a
f i na 1 conc! us ion and imp I emen ta t i on on how th i sneed can bes t be so I ved.
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Police Emergency Telephone Service From any telephone just dial "0" for operator and say "Police Emergency"; Do not hang up. You will' be connected to ~n appropriate police agency where.an official will take down your informatio'n and dispatch help if needed. Callers are asked to stay on the line until the police agency is furnished'with all the infor~ mation they require. ' Remember these rules if you need emergency police assistance 24 hours a day, toll free:
1. Dial "O·f- for operator 2. When the operator answers say "Police Emergency" 3. Tell them who you are and where you are. 4. Tell them what the .problem is and whXYou are calling. S. Stay on the line until the telephone operator and the police haVe the necessary
information.
Police help is as near as you'r telephone operator.
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0~Ording from telepho~e \ ~ticker supplied by EMS~
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Montpelier A~rnULANCE Ser·vice
22;-66;3 Police ______ _
Fire ______________ _
GIVE NAME, PROBLEH LOOATION a·PHONE NUMBER
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Note the listing of outpost troopers in the alphebetical section Qf the telephone directory.
"(\ICbC/ Central YermontCooperatlve Dispatch Center
A citizen must choose from among many numbers -
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PEOPLE INTERVIEWED (7/8 thru 7/20/76) - Partial ~isting -
MaJ or Davi s Ernest Flanders o. J. Ortiz C. Bowman Earl Osgood Sgt. Wade Irving MacAndrew Al Tuscany Jos. 5prano Fran Wi I der Shirley Egan Mike Mayo Ca ro II Wi I let Ed Solomon Bob Edwards Paul McGinley Rolan Dubay Wi II iam Kozezar Kenneth Libi:!y Del Hill Jay Hawthorne Elwin Martin Dale Nudgent Shawn Bryan Chief Sanders Ed Webster Fi reman Ron Pitkin John Gladding Deputy Sheriff Stan Titus Fi reman Robert Norton B. Welch Or. Caffi n Mrs. Caffi n Officer Graham Sam Frank' Chas. larkin Emerson Baker Anthony Claraldi
Vermont State Police Montpelier Fire, Asst. Chief Montpelier Fire, Chief Governor1s Justice Commission Fire Chief, Berlin State C. D. Director District K State Pol ice Vermont Publ ie Safety Comm. Officer Town Manager, Waterbury Pol ice Chief, Waterbury Trustee, Ambul~nce Service, Fire Chief, Waterbury Ambulance Service, Waterbury Sheriff, Washington County Dept. Sheriff, Roxbury Fire Chief, Barre Town Police Chief, Barre Town Town Manager, Barre Town City Manager, Montpelier Pol ice Chief, Montpel ier Vermont League of Cities and Towns Police Dispatcher, Stowe City Manager - Barre Director Public Works, Barre Fire Dispatcher, Barre City Town Clerk, Northfield Police Chief, Northfield Police Department, Stowe Woodbury, Vermont Mutual Aid Fi re Association of Police Chiefs Lamoille County New England Bell Worcester Mo r ri s viII e Fire Morrisville Power Co. Dispatchers Cabot, Doctor, Dep. Sheriff Secretary. Cabot Ambulance Northfield Pol ice Northfield Ambulance Public Service Board VermonL Tax Maplng Lamoille County Development Commission
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PART 2 -
SUMMARY OF PROJECT SCOPE AND PRESENT INVENTORIES
CVCDC Defined:
This report considers how to best provide a communication dispatch center
for central Vermont. It shall be referred to throughout the report as "CVCDCII -
Central Vermont Cooperative-Dispatch Center. The name was selected to reflect
the cooperative nature of the center with respe~t to financial support and a
joint effort to serve the needs of Police, Fire and Ambulance services. These
basic parameters form the operating philosophies for this center.
1. The center will receive emergency calls for providing routine
day-to-day emergency assistance from established Police, Fire
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and Ambulance districts.
2. The center will not be concerned with the routine State-wide
communication functions, such as highway maintenance, civilian
defense and certain State Police State-wide communication efforts •
. It will also not be concerned with radio communications from
within the State of Vermont to adjacent states.
3. The CVCDC ' may be considered one of a series of similar
centers to be eventually implemented across the State whose
pri~ary function is to meet the daily municipal demands for emer
gency assistance, but would be fully suppo~ted by technical know
ledge and maintenance service from the State.
4. All Police departments within a district whether they be County,
State, or town municipality, would have radio messages directing
them to a complainant relayed by the Coop~rative Dispatch Center.
To facilitate the public reaching these centers, a simplified
telephone plan which will either reduce to a single number for the
region or a single number for each telephone exchange area will be
establ ished.
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5. The centers would be financed on a shared basis to be explained
later between the Department of Publ ic Safety, the Department
of Health and the participating towns benefiting from this
cooperative venture.
Heretofore, the question of central dispatch has been looked at from
a State-wide basis and has given an overwhelming complex picture. This
project by confining its~lf to a specified region, will consider the unique
problems to be solved in the Lamoille and Washington County area by working
with a smaller and more manageable entity, and solutions can be more quickly
found and progress toward implementing the plan can be more quickly achieved.
RADIO EQUIPMENT INVENTORY:
The radio units that would be dispatched by the proposed CVCDC would
include those installed in Police vehicles, Fire vehicles and Ambulances,
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A tabulation approximately representative of the number of units now in service •
fol lows;
(2)
Low Band High Band UHF Band
TOTAL
(1) CENTRAL VERMONT - EQUIPMENT SUMMARY IN MUNICIPAL AND STATE PUBLIC SAFETY ACTIVITIES
.Base Stations Mobi Ie Portables
1 29 3 22 78 15 J.§ 44 24
41 1,5;1 43
A I ert' Rece ~ ve rs or Scanners
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(1) Does not include Radio Equipments used by town street, water or other local work. Includes only pol ice, fire and ambulance units.
{2} In some cas&s exact quantities of units was not determined for certain. 1;pe summary does provide an approximate order of magnitude for esti~~ed maintenance costs.
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CENTRAL VERMONT - LOW BAND RADIO
Mun I ci pc; I j t't
Wash. Co. Sheriff
Mobiles
16 (Old) 11 (New) 29
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POl"ta~l es
3 (Old)
HIGH BAND RADIO FIRE AND AMBULANCE EQUIPMENT SUMMARY
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Barre Ci ty 1 Barre Town 2 Berlin 2 Cabot 3 Cambri dge 1 E. Montpelier 1 Goddard College 1 Johnson 1 Marshfield 1 Middlesex 1 Montpelier 1 Morristown 1 Northfield 1 Plainfield 1 Stowe 1 Waterbury 1 Waterbury Center. 1 Woodbury
CHANNEL !>UMHARY: 0 2 0 0 TOTAL 3 TOTAL LOll BAND I
I I 9 4 (2) 1 TOTAL 16 TOTAL HIGH BAND
9 0 0 o (2) 0 TQTAL 2 (I)TOTAL UHf BAND
TOTAL -ALL 11 11 4 38
• NOTES: channel. (I) A freq. pair spaced 5Mhz counted as
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2 - 6 • PRESENT COSTS FOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS:
Almost every town and, municilpal i ty incurs some communication cost at the .,i present time to support their individual system. Typical of the town's cost
are these taken from the town of Northfield's annual report for 1975, show-
ing their budget expenses for communications:
POLICE COMMUNICATIONS FIRE COMMUNICATIONS AMBULANCE COMMUNICATIONS
Telephone $900.00 $990.00 $700.00 Radios 250.00 650.00 Repair and
Maintenance 500.00 50.00 100.00
The most significant item is the aggregate amount for Telephone for the
three emergency services which totals $2,590.00, budgeted for 1976. The Pol ice
telephone includes a telephone I ine to Northfield to permit operation of the
Northfield base station after normal hours when the station is manned. The
Fire and Ambulance figures represent the cost for the multi-phone answering
facil ities used in these networks by volunteers. With a program to gradually
provide crew alerting by means of alert-monitor radio receivers, and by et imina-
tion of the control circuit for Northfield Pol ice radio station, this total phone
bill could ultimately be reduced to provide only local service I ines to each of
these activities at a cost of approximately $600.00 per year, or a net differ
ence of some $1,900.00 per year. Monitor receivers co~t approximalely $200.00
each which could gradua.lly be added to the department and di~patched from a
central center, thereby ultimately el iminating the need for the multi-phone
networks for Pol ice and Ambulance. alerting.
Expense items now attributed to radio dispatching for the following de
partment1s individual efforts add up to a substantial Sum.
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SUMMARY OF DISPATCHER COSTS
Barre Montpelier Pol ice Dept. State Police (District K) Stowe lamoille County
TOTAL
Amount (Estimates)
$ 8,000.00 20,000.00 70,000.00 8,000.00
30,000.00
$136,000.00
Further, as a means to providing 24-hour phone answering service for
2 - 7
their Fire departments, some towns have gone to a commercial answering service.
For this, the town of Stowe now pays $14,000.00 annually. The towns of East
Montpelier, Berl in and Middlesex spend apprOXimately $1,000.00 for this in a
joint venture, using a commercial dispatch service in Montpelier. Telephone
I ines for the part-time Pol ice call answering at Middlesex for Barre town,
Northbrook, Stowe and Waterbury Pol ice total some $3,200.00 per year. Total
expenditures for red phone systems for Fire and Ambulance approximate some
$10,000.00 annually,
Just these few more obvious expense items total to $164,000.00 in taxpayers
monies expended for call reception and radio dispatch services; not fully meet-
ing the entire two-county needs.
CVCDC SUB SYSTEMS:
Several factors must be considered in the over-all planning for an effective
dispatch center serving a large area to insure effective and economic operation.
Among these considerations are the following:
1. The Telephone Sub-System: What is the bes~ method for
bringing in trunk I ines and the most econorilical method for
providing toll-free calling to all users within the opera-
tional area? Are one or two centers the least costly?/ What
alternatives are there to wai ting 18 months for a 91J Sy,ste~? ,f"
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2 .. a
2. Location of the CVCDC: What are the alternatives? What are
the I imitations? What factors govern the lotation?
3. Staffing, Equipments and Operation of the C~: What is lhe
expected traffic input?
4. The Radio System Frequency Plan: What plan for standardization of
channel positions and utilization of frequencies will permit inter
communication, but retain effective dispatching frequencies for
each coordination service? What steps can be taken in this coopera
tive operation to conserve radio frequency spectrum?
5. Radio System Design Consideration: How can coverage be improved?
Where shall base equipments be located?
6. The Cost Sharing Plan.
7. The Cooperative Organization Structure and ~\anagement.
Following sections of the report are devoted to each of these topics.
BASIS FOR POPULATION ESTIMATES:
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Much of the statistical information, and funding allocation, will be •
based on the population of the area. Estimates of population were obtained
from the Department of Health, the State Planning Office and the 1970 Census.
The town-by-town summary from each of these sources wa~ tabulated. ~
The State Planning Office proJection~ for population gro\'Jth were used to estimate
the 1976 and 1986 populations which are used later a~ a basis for planning the
necessary manpower and telephone I ine requirements. •
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2 - 9
• - POPULATION FIGURES -
SOURCES: 1970 CENSUS STATE PLANNING OFFICE (SPO)
• STATE DEPT. OF HEALTH (DOH) ;',;
1976 AND 1986 LEVELS BASED ON ANNUAL GROWTH ESTIMATES IN SPO REPORT
B~ i vi dere Cambridge Jeffersonvi lIe Cambridge Eden Elmore Hyde Park Hyde Park Johnson Johnson Morristown Mord svi 11 e Stowe City Stowe Town Watervi lie Wo 1 cott
- POPULATION FIGURES -
SOURCES: 1970 CENSUS STATE PLANNING OFFICE (SPO) STATE DEPT 4 OF HEALTH (DOH)
1976 AND 1986 LEVELS BASED ON ANNUAL GROWTH ESTIMATES IN SPO REPORT
OF NOVEMBER 22, 1973
by RALPH R. MONTICELLO
1970 1972 1973 1976 (Census) (spa) (DOH) Es t i mate
3 (1.018) X
or {110~~l X
13.309 14,500 15.000 15.825
189 203 214 1,528 1,645 1,671 1,763
382 235 513 535 564 292 309 326
1,347 1,477 1,479 1,560 418
1,927 2,481 2,683 2,831 1,296 4,052 2, 116
4 t 317 4,373 4,614
2,388 2,547 2,577 2,719 397 403 425 676 767 809
TOTAL -BOTH COUNTIES (76 EST.)
WASH! NGTON 51', 142 LAMOILLE 15.825
66,967
(73
{Z~
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.-1986
Estimate 10
pop_ ) (1.018) X (76 p' or
eoe·} (11 liS) X (z6 eOI 18.910
256
.~ 2,107
674 390
1,864 • 3,383
5,514
3,249 • 508 967
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• 3 - J
PART 3 -
THE TELEPHONE SUB SYSTEM
• TRAFFIC SUMMARY:
Basic to a determination for the number of incoming lines and. the
trunking requirements is a forecast of the number of emergency calls to be -. received at the dispatch center. Exact information on past history is some-
what sketchy throughout the two-county region. Where figures do exist it is
difficult to tie them down to a specific number of population. For example, _e
the Middlesex District K Police office dispatches part-time for four towns.
While a number of calls received by them can be determined from their radio
iogs, it is difficuit to ascertain the exact popuiation being served by the
• center at a given time.
Previous studies by this consultant have found that complaint: calls --
or calls requiring the dispotch of a Pol ice vehicle range from approximat~ly • .02 call s per 100 population per day in rural areas to about. 15 per 100 popu-
lation per day in more densely populated areas. Some studies made by others
have used a factor of .005 to .007 calls per 100 population per day. However,
• in a spot check based on the estimated number of calls at several of the de-
partments interviewed, these ratios were calculated:
Montpel ier Pol ice - .38 ca 11 s per 100 per day K Tr90P - .23 " \I II II " Stowe - .20 II II II II .. Washington Sheri ff- .04 II \I II .. .. Roxbury - .003 II \I .. \I .. Barre - .09 II II II II .. Northfield - .08 .. II .. .. II
• Cabot - .21 .. II .. II I!
The above tabulation shows a rather broad spread of estimates though ~"t
does somewhat approach the figures stated above. I~~
.y" It must be remembeved that many
• of these were done strictly by recollection of the person being interviewed and
backed up by no exact statistical data. It is recognized that the Washington
Lamoille County region is one subject to great variation in popu-
• lation due to the transient vacationers and skieis coming into the area.
3 - 2
Also, the City of Montpelierls population ~xpands greatly during the normal
working day. With these considerations in mind, a traffic study was made
by choosing estimate of emergency Pol ice call inputs ranging from .02 to ,2
calls per 100 per day, using a subjective estimate based upon the expected
•
•
variation in population and other factors which might influence the calls due tf
to increase population density.
The Fire and Ambulance calls indicate a somewhat more closely correlated
figure. Fire calls in rural areas are approximately .006 calls per 100 popu
lation per day and 'Ambulance calls seem to run .03 calls per 100 population
per day. These figures were quite consistent throughout the two counties.
Thus, the method for determining the calling traffic followed the follow- ~I jng procedure:
1. A careful outline of the telephone exchanges serving the two-
county region was determined.
2. The population included within each telephone exchange area was
determined by using the town population figures referred to
earlier in the report and estimating the percentage of that town
falling within a given telephone exchange.
3. An estimated factor for Police, Fire and Ambulance calls per 100
population was assigned the territory covered by each telephone
exchange. Where the population density Was highest, higher factors
were used for Police and Fire.
4. The total emergency calls per exchange area were summed up and an
estimated ratio due to seasonal increase was applied giving the
total number of emergency calls expected per day in the peak season
based upon popUlation.
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5. It was assumed that 17'10 of the daily cal1s will occur in a
peak hour and incoming lines requirement must be capable of
meeting peak demand at that time.
6. To convert the number of calls to a traffic unit or loading percent
an average calling time of 1/2 minute per call was used.
7. Estimates were made for the year 1976 and 1986 based upon the
projected population growths by the State Planning Office.
8. The number of required emergency trunks that would produce a
grade of service busy 1 time tn 1,000 call attempts were deter
mined by using tabulated data from the Erlang B equation; a copy
of which is published in "Reference Data for Radio Engineers";
6th Edition, by Howard W. Sams and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana,
Page 36-11.
From th is procedure it was determi ned that for emergency i ncomi ng ca 11 s
the number of trunks per exchange range from 1 to 3, in a st;tem using dedi
cated lines brought from each exchange to the dispatch ce~ter. However, a
minimum of 2 trunks per exchange is used in the design to guard against the
occurrence of two simultaneous emergency calls, and to give increased relia
bility through redundancy of facilities.
JNFORMATION CALLS:
The aforesaid computation calculates the incoming trunk lines for emergency
calls that \\I()uld find a busy condition less than 1 per 1,000 calls, or, in other
• words, the circuit would be blocked less than 1/10 of 1% of the time. However,
it is recognized that calls other than emergency are directed to the Police
station and studies have shown that these calls range as high as 8 times the
• number of emergency calls~ Exactly where best to receive such calls as request
•
3 • 4
for weather, and other calls for highway conditions, will be discussed in
later paragraphs. At this time, it is recognized that the routine cal15
for service are expected to exceed the emergency calls by a factor from 4 to
8 times the emergency call level. However, while the emergency trunk input
was designed for a grade of service of 99.9 % in availability, a lower grade
of service can be assigned to the information calls. The grade of service
used was for a busy li~e 1 out of 20 times, or 95% line availability. Using
this service grade the number of non-emergency or information lines per ex·
change were calculated to be from 1 to 3, in other words, equal to or less
than the number of emergency l~nes.
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E5TI ..... T£ C. IN~Q/lIN~ T~L~PHQN[ ~A~~S AND T.WIIII QR LINE 'REQUIREMEIITS (5) (2) (3) (4) CflLL:./JAY II IA~GE CENTER ESTIMATE' NUIIBER EHERG. CALLS/DAY EST I IiATED
"101 lie Co. POrt.LioTi ~\ ESTIMATING FACTOR RATIO PEAK SEASON IShlngton CO. <ES~E2 CALLSIIOO POPULATIONIDAl SEASONAL 1976 1986 rOll CE FIRE AHB. INCREASE (2)X(3)X(4) + 100 III ~ .006to.02 ......Q.l TOTAL .!.Q.E...llill 1916
(I) Population growt" I- Ie y .... bas.d on 1.195 times in LamoIlle County and 1.171 tl,..", t_ "ashiogton County.
(2) Total s Include SQ'"e frO<" adjacent Counti ...
(J) The majorl ty of t~e llardwlci. Exchange Is in Caledonl •• However, If this are. Is part of dispatch s(ste", it Is prob.Jtly ""re closely allied to Lamoille than lIashlngton County activities and Is Included In La,...,il .. traffiC loading for Malysls purposes.
(4) While traHic 1.",,1 Indicate. only one trunk needed from Cabot and C.,lals, a mInimum of 2 Is rec~nded for ;; l.
"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
The Telephone Sub-System
Table summarizing the traffic and required trunkinLg
and information estimate, for emergency lines.
I'II.AV.' TAUC ••
1986
65 106
12.5 1.97 5.6 9 •
19.2 3.6 3.4 2.2 1.48 .7 .5
1.0
232,15
40.9 191.25
• • '. •
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) TRAFFIC UNITS IN lRUNKS FOR BUSY ESTIMATED RATIO TRAFf'lC UNITS INFO. LINES FOR BUSY BUSY HOUR (17 PER- LESS TMAN I PER INFO.CALLS FOR INF01MATIOh LESS THAN CENT OAILY CALLS. 1,000 TO EMERGENCY CALLS I PER 20 112 III K. EACH (EIIERG. LINES)
1976 1986 1976 1286 1976 Igz8 '976 1986 .078 .092 3 3 6 .467 .552 3 3 .128 .149 3 ) 7 .896 1.043 3 4 .014 .0IZ- 2 2 6 .085 .102 2 2 .002 .003 2 2 4 .OOB .006 I I .007 .008 2 2 4 .02a .032 I I .011 .013 2 2 7 .077 .091 2 2 .023 .027 2 2 8 .184 .216 2 2 .004 .005 2 2 4 .016 .020 I I .004 • DOS 2 2 4 .016 .02' I I .003 .003 2 2 4 .012 .012 I I .002 .002 2 2 4 .008 • DOS 1 I .0008 .001
1(21 1(2) " ,003 .004 I ~ .0006 .0007 1(2 1(2) 4 ,002 .003 I I .001 .0015 2 2 4 .004 .006 I I
Hlr-Jwic~ (99"!) Woodbury (60%) Wa I den (1%) Wolcott (20%) Greensboro (1%)
Johns.,n (99%) Edeh (9S"J,) Hyde Pa rk (2X.)
Carnbri dge WaterVille Delvldere Fletcher (25)
Plainfield (70%) E. flootpeller (IO",{.) Calais (20%) Marshfield (25%)
Cabot (70'1.) Walden (65%) Pe renam (5%)
Ca I a I s (40%) Woodbu ry (4O'X.)
l1ar~hfield (75%) CabOL (30'X,) Percha.. (5'X.)
----------..... _-----TOTAL
VASHItIGTON Cr).
LAMO I LlE CO.
27.052 (100'1.)
211 150,_ • \ tjq· •. h IJ
6,902
(: '.'. )
1976 rOI'ULATION E5 T, FOil EXCHANGE
(F)
(C)
1],814 ) 223 ) )21,} 19,139 391 ) 31:17) nt.
1,565 ) 1,780 )
500 ) 14,476 925 i 61") 21'X.
8,819 } 270 )
4,400 ) 1,560) 6,~9
17 ) 650) 10'1. 322 )
9BI ) 365) 2,315
7 ) 714 ) 3% 248 )
4,840 ) 360) 5,523 100 ) 223) 8%
4,771 ) 664) 5,607 150 ) 19) 8% 3 )
2,716) 3,316 600 ) 5%
2,500 ) (Cl 284 ) (W)
4 )(C) 2,929 135 ) (l)
6 )(0) 4%
2,800 ) 558) 3,389 31) 5%
1,763 ) 425) 2,517 214 ) 115) 4%
1,084 ) 195) 1,742 180 ) 283 ) 2%
522 ) 300 ) 847 25 )
361 ) 190 )
850 )
551 .S"/,
300) 1,172 (e) 22 ) I.~
70,472
50,795 (72. lOX,)
16.381 (23.3'1.)
3,296 ( 4.6'X,)
"CVCDC"
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ADJO I II HiG COUNTI es (C - Caledonia) (F - Frank I yo) (0 - ()rlean~ ) Central Vermont Cooperative DIspatch Cent&r
The TelephoneSub-SYstem--
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'" FAIRFiElD'" I ---rJ
~ ~ I . BAKERSFI
\)- r ...... _ I
\ --_. \ . X \ FLETe
\ \ \
......
/ IRO I
/<I
;~~ UNDERHILL Q\
\ ~ \\ :RICHO r._
/ I
~--,
I )ND I
/ I
.... .....,J
--WATERBURY
'" "4' , ....... HINGTON DUXBURY /
-~OLN
I -....... -, I
IN : . GRANVilLE / "
/ ....... ....1 LEGEND /
I {}
Exchange Boundary ...
/
Central Office ~ Mi1"'A'<{ •••• ;; ••. :JO•
r-7 J ........ ' )----- }
I . / IRASBURG0 / '" 3 ". 9 / ~/
LOWELL )-.................. V I / ................ / BARTON / «-- 'I
/ ALBANY 1' ......... / .........
........ 0 / " ......... , ....... '/ GLOVER I
' . l... . I
CRAfTSBURY /............... I • /. ....... ...... ./ SHEF
I GREENSBORO/' ',.
:11I111~ " W HE !!41/1t1; , ........ 4~tJ' ' ......... ..
-- /' ----(-GROTON
\ \ \ \ -" I
/ TlI n.t' H A Ilk/JoI...,/1G I \If V
./ <v ..,...~-- r /I"~ -.... __
'V -...J..'r--
JlHj.!il. IN'CLUDED j N 'J~IL.!: ANA1,YJ13 ,~l'N-l1N DULD (JUTl,J:N1~.
Note close correlntion wibh '(;clephone and county boundaries. Cross hatch arenS are portions outside or W(l£lhington or l,r\moille county which would have their "91'1" ca1ls routed to the IJVODC because of. 'rl{l,CO. boundaries. Dotted areas not ~ncluded • '.AV.' ~~""'. Conlultlng IngiOHnng Servito.
3 - 10
..QPTI ONAL ! NCOM I NG CALL PLANS THAT WERE CONS I DEI\£!!:
The nationwide telephone number 911 offers many advantages to a
dispatch center. Exchanges so equipped can provide the Police agency the
ability to hold the line and trace a call, or to call back a party. It can
also provide the feature for automatic disconnect to prevent a caller from
tying up emergency lines. The Bell System is committed to convert its eX-
changes to provide 911 service whenever a firm order for such a requirement
is presented. The company policy is that there must be an official spqkes-
man with the authority to place such an order before they will initiate the
expensive engineering required to convert their exchanges.
The majority of the Washington and Lamoille County area is served by
Bell System exchanges. Maps enclosed show the exchanges operated by Bell and
independents, the population, and percentage of the total area population in-
cluded within an exchange boundary. I.t can be seen that the Lamoille-
Washington County area has a distinct advantage in that its County borders
coincide very closely With the extremeties of the Telephone Company exchanges
serving the area. For the purposes of the study, it will be noted that the
Hardwick exchange is included. This was because the Hardwick exchange includes
a portion of Woodbury. Also, Hardwick Police activities are usually more
associated with towns of Lamoille and WaShington counties.
The Cabot exchange includes a portion of Walden town which is outside of
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Washington County and Barre a portion of Orange. There are also a few other ..
areas where the extre~ities of the telephone boundaries either go slightly be
yond the county or exclude very small portions. In most cases where this occurs,
however, the area is in a relatively sparsely settled region or in mountainous •
regions where there are few telephones. Thus, the outer perimeter of the tele-
phone boundaries used for this study are in excellent correlation with the two
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:......
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-.
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s FAIRFIELD*- r----r--r J
~ I BAKERSF~IE~L _~I -~t& I LOWElL \>---
\ --\ (\ FLEIC
\ \ \
WORfESTER I /
'- / -, . .',. / ·0
...... v a .. /.,. MIDDLESEX I
.. • . I .( AM
...... -, I I GRANVILLE I
'-"..J.
,
/ ~ N
/ .... I .......
, BRAINTREE I I
LEGEND '. Exchange Boundary __
Central Office ...
=.
-- / / ---(-.
\ \ ., R
~ ... .., ... ,,-~-.,lJ I
/ TOP S H A ~.llo-.,./-, '.. ,/ <v
--.... .. 1
"eveDe" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
nl~LL ~IN}) INDE1ENDENT 'J$L.CO. 'cl IN CVCDe AHEA
Crosshatch lare 3ell Companies tlhaded are Independent Companies
Fie;ures are estimated 1976 population and porcent of CVCDC populRb ion s.crved
.b.:Y ~ tllft. exc.ll.atill.e.
- .~"' ~ ~.-.
... ~ -'-' .'
3 '. 12 •
county bounqaries.· EXact correlation is not absolutely necessary \oJhen
considering use of 911, because calls coming in from an adjacent county
can be referred to the proper center serving that area. The important
thing is that well trained dispatchers be aware of what agency serves each
town from which it will receive calls.
A method for precluding calls from areas covered by an exchange where
it is not desired to have their calls sent to this exchange, is by careful
listing in the telephone directory. For example, as noted, the greater
portion of the tm1nof Orange h\\ included in the Barre exchange. This por-i\ , ;1 ,
tion could easily l1e served hy '~C'JCDCII. However, if this is not decided, the
telephone listings for th~ town of Orange must show a different emergency
number to be used for the township. However, - and this is important - if
~ ~ used, ~ ~he Barre exchange calls are terminated at the CVCDC, all
•
911 cal1s from the portion of Orange township within the Barre exchange, would •
be directed to the Washington-Lamoille County dispatch center. Where "7-digit"
numbers are used calls can be terminated at various locations with greater
freedom.
Bell companies are committed to provide 911 service whenever a bonafide
order is received. Generally, phone companies receive many requests for con-
sidering 911, but justifiably do not initiate conversion of their exchange
equipment until a firm order has been received. This requires the establish-
ment of an appointed government representative with the authority to authorize
•
installation of a 9,1 plan. However, before this can be done, the agency must •
have a method for receiving the calls and disseminating the dispatch information -
in other words, a coordinated dispatch plan must have been worked out and agreed
to by the agencies Involved. •
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3 - 13
The independent telephone companies are not generally committed to 911
and express concern over the conversion cost. This should not deter the
County or the State from requesting that they provide the service if it is
determined that it provides faster response to citizen requests for help.
In some hardship cases funding support through Federal Government or State
~·;"'.istance could be explored later. It should be noted though that after re-
ceipt of a firm order, a time period of approximately 18 months to two years
is required for the Bell System to convert to handle 911 calls in most cases.
Independent telephone company conversion times could be longer. Specific
quotations would have to be requested.
A design goal stated for the CVCDC is that all incoming calls from
citizens be toll-free; and that the number of telephone numbers for obtain-
ing emergency service be reduc~d to one or at least be drastically reduced.
911 is considered to be the ultimate goal, but an interim plan which offers
convenience and lower cost to the taxpayers may be put into effect sooner
while the phone companies connect to 911.
Fol1owing pages include worksheets comparing two telephone plans:
1. An interim plan uti I izing the free-cal! iiig areas available in
the two counties and trunking calls tnto the dispatch center.
2. The utilization of 911 for the entire CVCDC area.
Eac~ of these plans were further considered in a cost comparison between
bringing calls into one central location in the Montpelier area, or using two
receptio~ centers -- one at Hyde Park and one at Montpelier.
"FREE-CALL ING AREAl I -
Interim teleehone elan,
The interim te1ephone plan considered col!ld ~e:::jJut into immediate service.
It would use seven-digit numb~rs, with, if possible, the same last four digits
in each free-calling service area. As a preparatory step toward 911 . introduction
1/
3 - 14
the last four digits could be "0911". Typical numbers for the area would
be 223-0911, 635-0911, etc. Usipg this approach, a total of seven numbers
could replace the 60 now listed for emergency calls. This plan could be put
into effect without telephone company changes. Where necessary, some inde-
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pendent exchanges could continue with the seven digit number should they find 4t
it absolutely financially impractical to convert to 911. Full "911" coverage
i sfecommended as the u I ti mate goal however, but by us i ng the "fr~;'j-ca 11 i ng"
I area plan, the CVCDC could begin at once, while the telephone company com-~
pleted 911 equipment modifications. The free-calling plan would have advClntages I
over the Dial 0 plan in operation since calls could come direct to the emer- -I
gency dispatch center without the intermediary of a telephone company opera- • tor, also, the number would be for any emergency - police, fire or ambulance.
In the Northern portion of the area, there are two choices for routing the
free-caJ1ing area calls to a "CVCDCII in Montpelier. Choice A would combine the 4t
exchanges of Johnson, Stowe and Morr i svi 11 e wi th the free-ca 11 i n9 exchange trunks -;
coming from the Morrisville exchange. A second option would be to combine
Morrisville, Johnson and Cambridge, using Johnson as the free-calling exchange ..
common to all three, and having trunks from Johnson and also from Stowe to the
CVCDC center. The following drawings and tables illustrate the free-calling
areas and the trunking plans. The free-calling plan was also considered with Ir
separate reception centers at Montpelier and Hyde Park, as illustrated in the
maps and tables.
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--------------------r'~.------~-------------------------------------from: , your . dial , these . local calling area . as shown
telephones ~rcludes ..... ~ below 3 - 15
. -Barre ..
. (476,.47~)
· Barre' . ~.' •. .' \' '.' .' ~ .. ': , .: J J t 5 I . . ___ ':.._- ... ____ • ___ ·.: ___ .:.·_ .. _ .. .:.· ____________ on y as numera s
Ea C I" . ,; :'. ,'.'" ... ' ..: .. . .. -.... . st a als- ;.-.:-..;--.,.---,...----.... -·- .... ::-- .. ----~--l . . ~I'..! t I- . ;. ~ Jo, ..... ~ , _.:.!\ ~.' ~
, I *"' r------ .J fAIRFIELD I ~ /. BAKERSFIEl I._
~ ---\ ---\ 'X \ HErC
\
..... \ \
)RD /1. 11<:
/. I
~,(~UNDERHILl c)'
, , '<- " ~RJCHO r-_' , / ~ ....... . I '--,
I PNO I
/ /
....... "' ....... . .......
~T1NGTONI 1 •
!L -OLN WARREN
I .---, I
)N' , I
GRANVILLE
I"~~~------~~~~~--/ LEGEND
I Exohange Boundary __ _
Oentral Ottice ... Miles: 'i . ! • • ~. • • ;tQ.
)-j--1.7J "', I
---- tBRO~ I / IRASBURG0 /,
I /' ) ...... , v / / ',/ BARTON / «-- 'I
/ ALBANY /"
LOWELL
/ '" / "'1-
,,/ GLOVER I CRAfTSBURY /l... ...... , " i • /' ....... ,jSHEF
~_/-" GREENSBOR:/' '-....
" WHE oS " .......'~~~"
....... ...
I -- / ---t-\
GROTON \
"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
\ \ .f-...
I I
FllliE CALLING AREA THUNKING llLAN ()lJlVION II A
Shows how by using free calling areas only seven emergency numbers would be required for the whole two county areas Option liB" can do this at lower oost, however t if microwave j,·s n.ot usede
FREE CALLING AREA TRUNKING l'LAN OJ:Jll'lON This would be a lower CQat plan for routing emergency calls from seven
exchanges to the CVCOO at Montpelie:r''o, MicrowaV'e .t;~om Hyde l'ark to Montpelier would. not be used with this routing.
........ r. rAUfI. Conlulting Engi_ring Servlc"
3 - 18
COMPARISON OF FREE CALLING OPTIONS IN NORTHERN EXCHANGES WITH TERMINATION AT MONTPELIER
OPT! ON AL
TRUNK FROM:
Mo r r i 5 V i1 I e
Cambridge
TOTAL
VS.
OPT! ON B.
Johnson
Stowe
TOTAL
FOR FREE TO MONTPELIER CALLING MILES PER T. U.
TRUNK (1976)
Johnson 20 .004) Morrisville .014) .041 Stowe .023)'
Cambridge 28 .003
Monthly Trunk Mileage - 96 X 4 = $384.00
Johnson Morrisvil~e Jeffersonvi lIe
Stowe
26
15
.004)
.014) .021
.003)
.023
TRUNKS
2
2
2
2
Monthly Trunk Mileage - 82 X 4 = $328.00
NET $ SAVED/MONTH: $384.00 - 328.00 ::: $56.00 56 X 12 = $672.00/Year for (Emergency Lines Only)
PLU~) ;'10RE EVEN C I ReU IT LOAD I NG:
TRUNK MILES
40
56
96
52
30
82
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• 3 - 19 FREE AREA CALLING PLAN
DETERMINATION OF TRUNKS FOR SINGLE TERMINATION USING LOWEST COST ROUTING PLAN
• LINES AND/OR TRUNKS
(1) EXCHANGES NOW FROM EXCHANGE SERVED WITH -1976- CENTER
CENTER FREE CALLING COMBINED TO
• AND (2) POPULATION (76) TRAFFIC MONTPELIER TRUNK RECOMMENDED ESTII'lATE UNITS - FOR BUSY MILES MILES TEL. NUMBER (3) MAIN STATIONS PEAK HOUR LESS THAN TO TO If AVAILABLE INCLUDED (EMER.CALLS) 1 PER 1,000 TIMES MONTPELIER MONTPELIER
Johnson (#9) (l)Jeffersonville (10)
... (635-0911 ) Johnson (9) Wash. Co. Morri svi11 e (3)
(2) 12,855 .021 2 26 52 (3) 4,243
Stowe (#7) (1) Stowe
• (253-0911) (2) 3,316 .023 2 15 30 (3) 1,644
Montpel ier(1{2) (1 ) Mon tpe 1 i er (2) (223-0911 ) Waterbury (6)
Plainfield 2 8 16 • Cabot 2 17 34 E. Ca 1 a is 2 10 20 Mar~hfi e 1 d 2 14 28
TOTALS 30 401 • For Washington
County 20 183
For Lamoille Co. 10 218
• IF SEPARATE CENTERS:
To Washington County 20 183
For Lamoille Co. 10 76
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l FAIRFIElD't- r- --------,:J .... ~ , . BAKERSFI
.~ " \ --... . -... \ X \ HEre
..,' \ \ \
ORO II
/~ / --;...
I {uUNDERHILL '. \
Q,
~ \\ ERICHO >--_ ,I '--,
I OND I
lI
/
...... '" --HINGTON
-
_..r--, IN
I f I
f'...j I
GRANVILLE
/ I
, Exchange Boundary • ___ _
Central Office ~ Miles:L. ~ .. (. I. ;to,
r----- I -'~-- ..
/ IRASB"'· ~~ LOWELL (. 3-25
I' , , )/ ~"'i ~ARrQN
/ ALBANY /', a / ' .......
...... / /"'-',/ GLOVER
CRAfTSBURY /7...,"':-... 'Itc=~ . / "..f SHEF
/ GREENSBORO ' , ........
I -- / ---1-\
GROTON \
"CVCDC" Central Vermont CooPerative DIspatch C>IIIller
911 - Basic ~~runk !touting Ibn. t'liles to each foreign exchange shown in parenthesis ( ). I~uch foreign exchange trunk billed atl~4.001 .mile plus lOCAl line charges.
fUV.' fA"'.. Con.ultlna Engine.,lng Service.
\ , . .."....... I /
3-26
The following table compares the emergency line trunking costs for
"free-callingll vs. 911. It should be pointed out that the comparison cost
among the various options included only the line routing charges and do not
include all termination equipment charges since these would be required
regardless of which plan is adopted. The cost for line termination equip
ment is included only as the addit'ional amounts that would be necessary w';th
two centers. In other cases, the comparative figures that follow show only
the relative difference between the different trunk routing plans.
EMERGENCY LINES SUMMARY - TELEPHONE LINE ROUTING OPTIONS
(Relative Cost Comparisons)
FREE ZONE CALLING
PLAN ~11 PLAN
Single Center at Montpelier $1,000.00 $2,062.00
Two Centers: Washington Co. lW6.00 1,034.0'0 Lamo ill e Co. 336.00 522.00 Lamoi I Ie Extra Ter. 12. 00 100.00
$ 857.00 $1,656.00
NET DIFFERENCE $ 143.00 $ 406.00
NET SAVINGS ANNUAL COST -WITH 2 TERMINATION POINTS $1,716.00 $4,872.00
NET DIFFERENCE
$1,062.00
799.00
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;-27
Information Lines:
A similar analysis for information lines was made comparing the free-
call ing area scheme to the option of using dedicated watts (1180011 ) type
I ines at a fixed monthly amount. Incoming "80011 1 ines were estimated at
$135.00 per month which includes ten hours of calling ,time per line. Thus,
if 5 I ines are used the total aggregate free time is 50 hours. This 50 hours
could be on one line or a combination totaling 50 hours among all the lines.
In other words, there is 10 free hours allotted for each line (linumber")
leased. The traffic loading summaries indicate that the anticipated calls
would be within the lO-hour time period. Furthermore, it is found that the
combining of the traffic loading into the plan using the "800" line scheme
requires fewer lines than for trunk routing from each individual exchange.
The detail calculations comparing the information line plan options are in
tables that follow.
With a single center, the "800" line plan is the lower cost, while
with two centers, the Free Zone plan is lower cost.
"I
3-28 TRUNK LINES FOR "INFORMATION"
CALLING - USING FREE CALLING ZONE OPTION B (SEE MAP)
(TERMINATION ALL LINES - MONTPELIER)
EXCHANGE COMBINED CENTER TRAFFIC
UNITS (INFO. CALLS)
---<;"
Johl~~on (L) • 113 Stowe(L) • 184 ~1on tpe 1 j er (W) 1.217 MarsfieJd (W) .007 Wa j t 5 fie 1 d (W) .008 Northfield (W) .028 Hardwi ck (L) .016
TOTAL (ALL) 1.573
WASHINGTON CO. 1.260 LAMOILLE CO. .313
Cost for Local - Toll-free Plan:
12 Lines ~ $15.00/Mo 136 Trunk-Miles ~ $ 4.00/Mile ALL TO MONTPELIER
TRUNKS (FOR
BUSY LESS THAN 1 IN
20)
2 2 4 1 1 1 1
12
7 5
$180.00/Mo. s44.00/Mo.
$724.00/Mo.
WASHINGTON CO. ONLY: (TO MONTPELIER) 7 Lines @ $15.00/Mo. $105.00/Mo.
148.00/Mo. $253.00/Mo.
37 Trunk-Miles @ $ 4.00/Mile
MILES TO
MONTPELIER
26 15 0
14 14 9
17
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• TRUNK
NILES TO
MONTPELIER • 52 30 0
14 --14 9
17
136 • 37 99
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EXCHANGE CENTER
LAMOILLE COUNTY - TRUNK LINES FOR "INFORMATION" WITH TERMINATION AT
HYDE PARK USING FREE CALL ZONES
TRUNKS (FOR
COMBINED TRAFFIC
UNITS BUSY LESS THAN lOUT
OF 20
MILES (I NFO. CALL) TO TRUNK
MORRISVILLE NILES
Morrisville Jeffersonville Hardwick
.285
.012
.016
2 1 1
o 0 11 11 15 15
TOTAL .313 4
LAMOILLE COUNTY ONLY (INFO. 2 Lines @ $19.00 ea.
LINES) = $ 38.00 = 45.00 = 104.00
2 Lines @ $22.50 ea. 26 Trunk Miles @ $4.00/MiJe
$187.00
If "800" incoming watts used~ requires:
5 For all calls to Montpelier or
4 For Washington Co. to Montpel ier 2 For Lamoille Co. to Hyde Park
@ $135.00 = $675.00
@ $135.00 = $540.00 @ $135.00 = $270.00
INFO LINE SUMMARY AND COST COMEARISON
MONTHLY COST
Single Center
Two Centers Washington County Lamo i II e Coun ty
"Free "80011
Zone" Watts Plans Plan
$724.00 $675.00
$253.00 187.00
$440.00
()
$540.00 270.00
$810.00
26
3-29
'"
• TELEPHONE PLANS - SUMMARIZED:
A summary of the results comparing the cost of various telephone plans •
for emergency and information lines is tabulated below.
SU~IMARY COMPARISON OF TELEPHONE PLANS ($/MONTH)
EMERG. INFO. LINES LINES Free Free "80011
D i sl2l Centers Zone ,ill Zone Watts - 1 Center Montpel ier $1,000 $2,062 $ 724 $ 675
- 2 Centers ~Iontpel ier &
Hyde Park $' 857 $1,656 $ 440 $ 810
NET DIFFERENCE
Favoring Center $ 135
Favoring 2 Centers$143 $ 406 $ 284
ANNUAL SAVINGS $1,716 $4,872 $3,408 $1,620
COST SUMMARY CQNCLUSIONS:
LEAST COST All
S~stems
$1,675
$} ! 297
$ 378
$4,536
LEAST COST WI TH 911
$2,737
$2,096
$ 641
$7,692
Line costs are least costly with two terminations.
Net Annual Line Cost Savings Without 911 -using 2 - Centers:
$378 x 12 = $4,536
Net Annual Line Cost Savings With 911 using 2 - Centers
$641 x 12 = $7,692
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3-31
MICROWAVE LINK TO HYDE PARK:
It is possible to use a Microwave link from Hyde Park to Mt. Mansfield
and take advantage of the lower trunk costs from dual termination. Such a
scheme would offer the option of having a standby emergency answering posi
tion in Hyde Park for Lan~ille County lines. A microwave link so arranged
could save approxImately $375 per month in trunking costs over the least
costly plan without the microwave into a single dispatch center at Montpelier.
When the system goes to 911 the monthly savings would be approximately $640.00.
However, some of the net savings in lease line charges would be offset by the
annual maintenance cost for microwave; nevertheless, the long term financial
advantage to the municipal ities is substantial.
A series of annual payments for leasing facilities has a present day
value approximately equal to the annual expense divided by the current interest
rate; or for every $100 saved in annual lease expense the present value with
SOlo interest is approximately $1,250 which could be devoted to a capital ex
penditure, and result in the same cost. Significant capital equipment pur
chasing financial leverage Is realized by municipalities eligible for a possible
90-10 mat;ching fund arrangement. A $1,250 investment can purchase $12,500 in
capital equipment. The exact amount of the present worth of a series of pay
ments over a lO-year period at SOlo is shown in the following tabulations and
amounts to the factor of 6.710 times the annual expenditure •
3-32 \"
COST SAVINGS ANALYSIS
MICROWAVE STUB TO HYDE PARK FROM MANSFIELD
vs.
COST OF LEASED LINES TO MONTPELIER
Present Worth Factor Calculation of present worth of a series of annual payments. Present worth = (Payment Amt.) (P. W. Factor)
(1 ..... nn - 1 Present worth factor = i (1 + i) n
In 911 'rrunltinf~ t n microwave circuit from Lnmoille Uounty :lher-i.tf Uept. could reduce monthly line cost tJnd permit stand-by recelJtiol'l ot elnerp;ency
calls if ever necessary. "RAVE' "AUf.. Co~.ultinD EngilMering Service.
"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
TELEJ:>lIONE' "FREE CALLING AREAII TRUNK
nOUTING " OlJTION C.
Lowest eost routing paths with 7 digit number ~lan. Has secondary termination
• I
for Lamoille Co. at Hyde l)ark with microwave link to CDCDC in Montpelier. I'RAV.I rltl.KI. ConMllting EnglMering SoMe"
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In the case of munlc~palities, where every dollar saved in annual ex
pendItures is a dollar saved for the taxpayers, these savings have virtually
3'·35
an Infinlta return. In other words, referring back to an earlier state~nt
lithe savings realized annually has a present worth equal to the savings divided
by the Interest rate" ,. that where there is no interest (equal to a condition
where the money Is not Invested, nor the capital accumulated) the savings are
Infinite! ThIs is reasonable from the point of view that any monies not spent
annually. results In a lower cost per capita to the participants.
However. the option of using a microwave link to route the, telephone
calls from the Northern part of the CVCDC area back to the Central Dispatch
Canter at Montpelier should only be considered in the following cases:
1. It Is Intended to continuously maintain an office in the Hyde Park
SherIff's Department for an indefinite period of time which provide
• JaIl and lockup facilIties for the County.
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2. The telephone company will concur on such inter-connection.
3. The Center at Hyde Parlr. wi 11 ..!J.QJ;, be staffed 24 hours a day for ~
Ruceose 2f controlling ~ communications equipment. The telephone
terminations will be made there only for use in emergency should
there be a break-down in the regular link back to Montpelier, or
other unusual emergency use.
1
4 ;"11
PART 4 -
DISPATCHING MANPOWER AND OPERATION
DISPATCHER MANeOWER REQUIREMENTS:
The major cost of operating a dispatch center will be the required man
powel' to "e~eive calls and to dispatch the radio system.
These design goals are recommended for the dispatch center:
1. Some personnel will be assigned with the primary duty of receiving
i'1com!fig calls, and handling teletype and data messages. Radio
operators will devote their full attention to operation of the radio
equipment so that they maintain complete awareness on the 'status of
vehicles under their control. They will answer incoming emergency
calls only when necessary and incoming routine lines only on an
occasional basis. The radio operator's primary purpose will be the
safety of the vehicles under his jurisdiction.
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• 2. The dispatch center will be devoted solely to communication activities.' -I
In this regard. it will not be associated with any window traffic or
other duties which could detract it from its primary purpose of afford- ~
Ing the safe and effective dispatching of emergency services when
requested.
3. All dispatchers shall be trained thoroughly in the proper procedure for ..
hahdl ing incoming calls of all types - i.e., Police. Fire, Ambulance.
4. For safety and security, and for meeting high volumes of traffic during
emergencies no center should ever be staffed with less than two people.
An analysis of the traffic loading on the dispatchers was made in a similar
fashion to that for arriving at the number of trunk lines. Comparisons were
made using the option of a single center for both counties and two centers __
one in Washington and one in Lamoille County. Results ate tabulated in the
sunmary below:
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TAijULATION OE.QISPATCHER LOADIN(1
MgIHODOL~~: Assuming a distribution of calls among the three shifts
from busiest to least busy at 50%, 3Cfk and 20%, respectively, a "waiting
dispatcher" was considered as a "waiting trunk I inell • Using the grade of
service that the dlspatcheis be available 95% of the time to answer a tele-
phone call, the estimated manpower for a single center - or two centers) is as
follows:
EeB ~8~gLI~g 8~L ~8LL~: FOR ONE
CENTER FOR FOR FOR WASHINGTON WASHINGTON LAMOILLE
AND LAMOILLE CO. ONLY .--£0. ONLY SHIfT TIU I Eeoe1e T,U. Peoele T.U, Peoele BusIest (50% Oally Calls) 2.08 5 1.74 5 .34 2 Next Busiest (30% Daily Calls) 1. 21 4 1. 01 4 .20 2. Least Busy (20% \I 1I .83 3 .69 3 .14 2.
TOIAL PEQPLg PER DAY 12 12 6
A similar analysis using loading expected for Emergency Calls only, shows the fo! lowing:
ONE CENTER LAMOILLE FOR WASHINGTON CO. CO.
lQII:I !;Q. IS QNLY Q~L~ SHI fT TzU. Peoele I.U, Eeoe]e Is!;!, f!~Qele Busle~\t .278 2 .2.34 2 .044 1 Next Bus t es t • 161 2 .135 2 .025 1 Least Busy .111 2 .093 2. .01] 1
TOIAL P~gPLE PER OAy 6 6 3
4 .. 2
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4 • 3
From this, certain conclusions become apparent:
1. A Center adequately.staffed for Washington County calls can
handle Lamoille County traffic.
2. Two Centers would require approximately 5~1o more in operator
expenses.
3. Lamoille Is today getting by with ~ dispatcher with ease, as
It could by continuing to handle ~ emergency traffic and If
one accepts the premise that a single person doing both radio
and telephone answer'ing can give sufficient attention to the
whereabouts of the field offers while detracted with phone con
versations and walk-In counter traffic.
4. An adequate staffing ranges between 2 and 5 people per shift.
S. Earlier savings noted in lower telephone trunking monthly costs
are easily offset by higher manpower costs in operating two
Centers for Washington and Lamoille.
6. Two Badj2 ]eeratQ( positions should be provided for meeting the
anticipated radio traffic associated with emergency calls.
BeCQffimend Call Answering Routine:
For a Center whereby the radio dispatchers can devote virtually their
entire attention to the activities of outside patrol units. it is recommended
that phones be answered primarily by complaint takers. the CVCDC activity being
divided among 4 people essentially as follows:
2 Radio Operators
2 Complaint and Data Operators
Both radio consoles would be identical. so access to all systems was avail
able at both positions, but normal work load would have one operator responsible
for Police unit dispatching. the other Fire and Ambulance. The operator assigned
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to Fire dispatching would be responsible for activating the tone signalling
equIpment to alert fire companies, using tone alert monitor receivers.
4 - 4
The complaint takers would be the IIflrst line" for reception of incoming calls,
but $wergency lines would also be answerable at the radio positions, in the
event both complaint takers were occupied.
It Is recom~nded that two data keyboards be available so that either
the radio or complaint takers could have access to the State computer for
license checks from their operating positions.
Th~ two operating positions would. provide flexibility in shifting the
~rafftc among the dispatchers as required to meet specific demand situations,
For example, a major pollc~ activity in one area could be coordinated by one
dispatcher, while the other dispatcher temporarily handled all other routine
polIce. fIre e~d ambulance radio traffic, or a major activity in Barre or
Montpelier could be handled by one, while the other handled rural activity.
I t I'll recoomended tha t telephone lis t i ngs con t I nue to show a lis t I ng for
local road information which would route to the CVCDC and anotl-er for State-
wide Road Information which would be terminated at the State D. P. S. Hq.
State D. P. S. Is In the best position to have access to such information on
a Statewide basis. This would relieve some of the routine calls from the
CVCDC, Also, some routine daytime calls pertaining only to a particular Police
department will, no doubt, be called In directly to those departments during
working hours.
Thus, while the tables above show a single center staffing of 5-4-3, for
the thrG~' shifts respectively, it is anticipated an operator staffing of 4-4-3,
respectively, for 3 shifts Is worth trying initially, because of the calls. that
will probably be phoned in directly to the local departments and D. P. S. Head-
quarters communication. The minimum staffing of 3 is expected to be easily
capable of handling all emergency traffic. All personnel would ·give priori ty to l\
answering calls on emerQency lines.
4 - S
, Identical Consoles
.:J
Radio Dispatcher #2
ltle~~one PBX Telephone PBX 1 J.nes All Lines
I
~ I Data ~I ~. Tele~hone Com~laint and Data Operations
"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
DISPATCH CENTER MANPOWER ASSIGNMENTS
Shifts would be manned by 3 or 4 men (See Text)
Consulting Engineering S.rvices
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4 - 6
- OPERATION -
All dispatchers and complaint takers would be trained as required for
pol Ice, fire and ambulance traffic. Training must include specific instructions
on essential Information to obtain from the complainant. Tape recording of in
comIng calls Is recommended for logging with additional instant playback capa
billtyof recordings for the last call at each operating posi'tion.
Calls would be handled as follows:
EObICE: The complaint would be received, recorded on a card and given to the
radIo operator. Future equipment modifications could investigate use of the
keyboard entry of complaints on to the Cathode Ray tubes. The dispatcher would
rocord tIme of dispatch on the card and time complaint is cleared. It should be
noted that Individual departments would still have the availability of occasion
al radio corltact to their unl ts from the existing base radios. But all dispatch
Ing should be done from the CVCDC. In the event a local request is received and
relayed locally to a car, the car should immediately advise the CVeDC. Greater
safety to all officers Is the objective achievable by having an efficient
Communication Center, constantly aware of all units whereabouts and status.
llBS: Until such tIme as all Fire Companies are equipped with Alert Monitor Re
ceIvers, som~ crow alerting will b,:~ by call forwarding to the Red Phone System
from the CVCDC. The telephone company can aid greatly in providing the latest
avanable equipments for this. Some nearby companies (Mc)ntpelier and Barre)
could probably be quickest alerted with direct line connections. Tf,.jse two towns
may also prefer to retain listing of their 7-digit fire number, though this is
discouraged. The potential of future features incorporated-'jn a 911 telephone
network for automatic number identification and location of calling party, can
b(~st be implemented with all emergency calls funneling through a single center •
Initially most outlying departments would be alerted through transfering to
outgoing watts I ines and activating a single button dealer, suc'it->as the
o
1+. 7 •
IItouch-a-matlc" available from Western Electric. A single instrument including
the 11 ne transfer capab 111 ties and the s I ng:l e but ton dea 1 i og is reported ava i 1-
able from Western Electric and Sell, sui table for Rotary or Touch Tone Dial ing.
The eventual goal Is to equIp an rural volunteer departments with Alert Monitor
receIvers so that ere\-: alerting can be fndependent of fixed' telephones which
requIre 24 hour personal attendance.
Ooce a fire crew Is rolling. central coordinatIon for calling additional
departments Is coordinated at the CVCDC. The local fire company could still use
their local base for direct communication to trucks, if necessary.
Operational procedures can be developed by the Mutual Aid group. It is
strongly recol'l\l't\ended that the practice of lnstalling radio transmitters on the
flro frequency In volunteer member personilel carrsbe discontinued. Any needed
communicatIon among them enroute should be via CB radio. However, their alert
monItor receiver would stili permit reception on the fire channel. while enroute. •
hMgULANCE CaEW ALERTING:
InItially. ambulance crews would be alerted by call forwarding as described I
for fire. using the automatic d.aler and outgoing watts lines. H(MeVer, gradual
conversIon to radio alerting on a local government channel from the CVCDC is the
objective recommended. While the Ambulance crews are in process of establishing
IndIvidual radIo dispatch capabil ity at each crew headquarters, this expense could
be avoided through activatIon of the CVCDC. Through the "Free Call" telephone
plan. any volunteer creW headquarters could quickly reach any dispatched vehicle
vIa the CVCDC. Furthermore, through the use of a phone patch, the CVCDC would
have far greater flexibility in getting an ambulance driverin direct contact With
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a Doctor or anyone else. The State Department of Health communication plans include.
a spec;al emergency frequency for dispatch from a central location, which location
could in th~case be the CVCDC.
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.1 • i .' Ie .' • COOPERATIVE DISPATCHING OF EMERGENCY SERVICES· ,
i
/- -- - - - - . 2 or 3 Leased Lines to Cabot Area VHF
STA'l"E ~- .. COMNUNICATIONS / Loca1 C~ble for Stations at the evCDe site
- -HEADQUARTERS
Microwave circuits for Mountain top control
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State H.Q. /
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"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
CONTROL CAPABILITY AND
TELEPHONE LINE T,ffiQUIREMENTS
plan" "
OHING INFORf.'IATION .LINES No Microwave: 5 "800" Lines With Microwave: 11 Lines -
Washington Co. : ?lines Lamoille Co ; 4 lines
... .. ~ Xmtr.Rcvr Tone Cross Receiver Phone Patch Voting Control Encoder Patch Circuit Indicator Mod.iJ.es
•
Radio Dispatcher 0onsole . /
Desk -top PBX with
Out'€;oing Lines: '\
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Call Forwarding Montpelier . c Call Area
Montpelier Fire
Direct Lines: :Barre Fire
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All dispatchers and complaint receivers at the CVCDC should be trained
In proper procedure as required by the Department of Health for receiving calls
for ambulance service.
In summary, later paragraphs show a frequency plan whereby Ambulance crews
would:
A. Be alerted by CVCDC.
B. Have access to the CVCDC for dispatch messages, or phone patch
to or from ambulance while enroute.
C. Have access t.o BurlIngton Headquarters via 155.280.
D. Have direct Hospital contact when within range on 155.340, using
dIscreet contInuous squelch tones for each hospital.
E. Have access to a scene of disaster coordination channel.
DISPATCHING ROOM MAP SYSTEM:
The Vermont State Department of Taxes is working on an Orthophoto maping
system. A copy of the INDEX map is included in the report for reference. The
system divides the State Into 4,000 meter square sections with an easy reference
scheme noted on the INDEX map. The Orthophoto concept actually is a photographic
process whIch shows photographically natural features, and would seem to be an
Ideal system for use In the dispatch system for directing vehicles to an unfami-
I' ar locat Ion.
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trY • Q .. II
01.11
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· ~ • e e E E E e E E E E E
CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI 0 0 CO 0 0 CI 0 CI CI ~ 0 0 CI 0 ~ 0 <1>' N ..0 Q ... (C N ..0 Q ... <Xi <I> 0- 0- CI CI 0 N N N 0 CI 0 u:i W W W - W W IoU IoU IoU IoU IoU
M A S S A C H U S •
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E e CI 0 0 0 0 0
N .0 M M
W ,.... W
E
E E e 0 0 0 I.:> 0 0 0 ~ 0
0 .... 00 ... ... ... W - W W
T T s
e e E 0 0 0 0 0 <:> ~ q 0
N '-0 0 III III '0
W ... W W
MAPPlttG BLOCK I
OF THE
4 - 9
VERMONT MAPPING PROGRAM
It'e M"~ at-lena "'ll NUI .. ,e"~O 'N T.-oua"Noa O~ 'UT"ea ON lHe 've"MONT COO"O'N"Tf aYaTU.· (vca) US'NO THO V"Lua or nle 1I0UTI1WfaT (LOwe!'! LOrT) CO"N." or .... CH IA,..' SHUT.
THeae v"Lu.a "lie L\\8ueO "LONO "',i'; aOUTH (PCHTOM) "I'D TI'l WltaT (Ll!r'V'!OOl!a or TH,a INDex MAP IN INU"VALa. or .'1'1'1 IUT,""a, THI! AMOUNT or O"OUNO CQVf"I!O IiV ("CH MAli' aHan. ro" I'U"1'05I!a or sHUtT NV"81!"'NO, THe rlNIlL TH"U 1:1I"oa A'''! O .. ,TTI!O.
TI ... SHACeQ .HUT H"S A MUIIl VALue (PO" TH!!; SOUTHWell'''. CQ"N~") Of! !.ue.ooo", AND NoeO,~m. 'fHt"~ .. O"e. l'H~ tJH~~" NI,Hr .. a~" I. ,~.QBa:
e 0 0 0 .. ; '0 -W
SHUTt<!'}. 14~'1et:.
fIt .. ",\ltdlL hu ...... d.ltla.,lll If,t.'m~Uctl'' ftU'v ... dl,.c;,.«.1 \0· Olneto, .f Mappl,,_ V.,",oM O.p.,..."".,. •• f T .... MoM,.".,. "T. 00.,02
E E E 0 0 0 0 0 0
~ ~ ~
"" N '0 '0 " !::: ;;:; W JUNl: 1976 w
"CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
These:me.ps cur;ren1;ly being prepared by the Vermont}}~partment of Taxes show buildings arId terrain features photographically. The ones for the eVeDe area could be ~.asily indexed in a projection system to assist dispatchers in giving directions to mobil~ unit/"operatoX's. 'fU"., rJ!i .. II. Consult'n" En"',,",Jn,, Servlc"
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5 - 1
PART 5 -CVCOC LOCATION
8!.TERNAT I VES 8ND CB ITER IJill:
These alternatives present themselves as immediate possibilities for the
locatIon of the municipal dispatch center:
A. The Middlesex District "K" State Pol ice Building.
B. Hyde Park SherIff's Department.
C. Redstone - (State Pollee Headquarters in Montpelier).
D. An avaIlable space In an existing building_
E. A new building sIte.
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Beceuse the Nlddlesex building Is at th~ far end of the service area for •
the Montpelier exchange, every telephone line cClrries a $7.00 per month premium
over the same line terminated some place within the te!ephone basic rate zone.
the MontpelIer exchange map shows the basic rate area. Further, while a State or
CVCDC owned Microwave link from Montpelier could be used to extend these circuits,
the radio path profile between Redstone and Middlesex is such that a tower height
of some 800 feet would be required to clear intervening terrain reaching above
1100 fee~ MSL. Thus, further expenditures at developing Middlesex as a communi
catIon center is not wise as long as the State Police headquarters are at Redstone.
The followIng criterion for selection of a CVCDC site should be carefully
considered:
1. The location should be within the basic rate zone of the telephone
exchange to minimize monthly leased line charges.
2. It should be at a favorable ground elevation to permit good UHF radio
transmission to the immediate area; and thus be not solely dependent on
3. Transmit and receive capability on established D. P. S.
Channel 2 and Channel 3 (point to point).
4. Transmit and receive control capability for:
Fi re (154.190) L. G. Coordination channel Ambulance Dispatch Channel State Highway (Dispatch point from Highway Dept.) Civilian Defense (Dispatch point from C. D.)
5. Phone Patch from any radio channel.
6. Crosspatch among channels. ,/
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7. Intercommunication to State Headquarters DispaWch Center.
8. I nd i vi dua I Channel Volume Control.
9. Tone or D. C~ Control.
10. C.B. Reception Capability. if '.~
11. Dual Tone encdder (900 Code capacity). A st~ndardized dual
tone signalling method must be specified for use by all tone
alerting applications.)
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II • Telephone answering and call forwarding equipment (4 positions).
III. Selective projectors for Instant display of maps, and other
data to assist dispatchers.
IV. Recorders for 1099in9 Telephone and Phone conversations.
V. Instant playback recQrders at each Center.
VI. Teleprinter and Termination devices for accessing NCIC and
State Data Bank.
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6 - 1
PART 6 -RADIO FREQUENCY PLAN
eOLICE:
In considering what jadio channels the various town, state and city
police units are to be dispatched on, two approaches are possible:
One would be t.o remotely control each existing 450 MHz base station at
Barre, Montpel jeri the Lamon Ie Sheriff Departmen'~, Northfield and Stowe.
This would reqUire a separate control module at the console plus leased wire
lines to each station. Dispatching of individual cars on their town fre
quency tends to fragment the information awareness of all field units, however.
One or two common dispatch ehannels would provide better coordination.
Thus, a second approach that uses two dupl1ex 4S0HHz dispateh channels,
with mobile relay operation set up at the option of the radio dispatcher is
reconvncnded. One channel would primarily serve the Montpelier and Barre t'lunici
pal area, and the second the outlying rural areas. Since there may be occasion
al needs for local traffic between a town car and his headquarters office during
the day, the existing base equipments could be retained for that purpose. All
cars would have access to both dispatch channels.
The abIlity to have repeater operation on dispatch channels will permit more
~!lffectlve use of portable radio units in the system.
The folloWing standardIzed channel plan for each car in the region is
suggested, with comments noted, as they apply to each channel.
Channel li The Rural Area Dispatch Channel: Since the majority of
the mobiles (State Police and several towns) already have
the K Troop frequency in this channel position, it is
recommended that it be the Rural Dispatch Channel but
modified for Duplex operation so the mobile frequency on
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~II CVCDC Police units in Channell is: Transmit 465.425 1
Receive 460.425.
'banne) 2: The present Statewide car-to-car Channel - T ~ R 460.S00 •
CblQnel 3: This Is the pre,sent Statewide repeat Channel, and no
change Is recommended since Statewide bulletins from State
headquarters are sent on this channel. The practice of
equipping any future town cars with tone encoders can be
discontinued If adequate radio coverage is provided on the
dispatch channels by system i~provements involving base
station locations.
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Cbpnne} 4; For - State Cars .. This would remain the Statewide frequency
for operation to other districts .. T & R 460.27S. For Town,
City, Sheriff cars In the CVCDC system, this can be their
local administrative frequency. However, for conservation
of frequency usage, it is recommended all towns use the same
frequency. The Channel 460.2S0, already used by Barre, and
Stowe Is recommended. Sheriff's cars may choose to continue
on 460.4S0 as a common channel to any Sheriff department when
crossing the state. But, common use of 460.2S0 by all CVCDC ,j
towns also makes available a second Simplex channel for
separate localized activity.
ChannelS: Montpelier/Barre area dispatch channels - Mobile T46S.0S0,
R460.oso. This channel Is already used by Montpelier. System
deSign changes incorporating receiver voting is recomnended ~. ~
to insure good coverage over thi:( two-city area from mobiles
or portables.
UHF radios alJ have the scan capability and operational procedures should
require scanning at all times of Channel 3 plus the assigned dispatch channel
(1 - 01' - 5).
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6 - 3 All local town base stations should have the exact channel arrangement
as the mobiles. This would provide - if necessary, extended contact via the
repeat capab I II ty on Channel 1 orS. I t a I so provides backup capab iIi ty for
town base to mobile units on Channel 2, 3, or 4. However, with the CVCDC
concept accepted, It should be agr~ed that any car assigned to respond to a
call by a local station shall Immediately make the cvcoe aware of his assign
ment and destination. The Channel 4 capability should strictly be considered
for convenience and emergency backup use.
The frequency 154.190 is extensively used and there is much investment
In equipment already operating on the frequency. Thus, this continued use of
154.190 for fire dispatching is recommended. However, for greater coordination
amol'lg all ser"lce units, a second channel in the local government service is
recommended flc»r use In all fire, ambulance and town truck vehicles.
Fire crew alerting on 154.190 is also well established and to change to
another chanrlel for this w()uld inject confusion and cost. Furthermore, volun
teer fr'remen can use their monitors on 154.190 to hear evcot dispatches of
further Information as they go to a fire. At the scene of a fire units could
have the option of operating on the 154.190 or the new coordination channel
mentioned. Channel scan or searching between the two in mobile units is
recommended on new purchases.
All fire companies not now equipped to operate on 154.190 should add the
capability as their number 1 frequency.
NEW L. G. - COORDINATION CHANNEL:
Four towns now operate their town street and maintenance vehicles on fre-
quencies in the 154-155 MHz portion of the band. Thus, selection of a common
coordination channel in that range could permit 2-frequency operation in Fire,
Ambulance ot Local Town vehicles, with the second frequency a coordination channel
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cOlMlOn to all thre,8 servtces. Use of this channel would permit City trucks,
snow plows, etc. to coordinate emergency communications required. Some
towns use Local Government City frequencies beyond the 2-frequency tuneable
range in a radio - unless widespread equipment is used. These towns could
either use a second radio for coordinating, or change to a new frequency
within the tuneable range. The towns affected are Montpelier (158.82), Barre
City (15a.7~) and Morristown (158.745). Morristown uses 158.475 for Fire and
Is recommended to change to the 154.19 channel to put all CVCDC units on the
same frequency. rwo·'fraquency operation In standard equlpments usually must be
within 1 MHz, and In some equlpments can go to 1.5 MHz.
Lo~~st frequency In 154 range now used:
Stowe 154.040
FI re Is 154. 190
Highest in ISS range In use Is 155.340 - Ambulance to Hospitals •
Thus, for 1 MHz maximum spread, the coordination channel should be between
154.340 and t55.04O. Avoiding those channel~ in this range already used in the
area leaves 154.995 or 155.025 as possible choices •
F. C. C. listings as of February, 1976 shows the following nearby USf~rs:
154.995 - Milton, Vt.
155.025 - Wilieston, Vt.
If there Is objection by the users to CVCDC ~pplying for either of these
frequencies ~erhaps a 7.5 KHz off-set channel, as authorized in F. C. C. rule
89.259H could be used •
AMBULANCE CHANNELS:
Ambulance units are recommended to standardize on the following Channel
• Plan:
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Channel 1: 154.340 (70 Hospitals using a discreet CCTCS for each
hospi tal)
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Channel 2: 155.280 to Burlington via Microw~ve.
Channel 3: Ambulance to Dispatch Center - (A special emergency
channel to be agreed on).
Channel 4: The coordination channel referred to above.
CBEW ALERtLNi:
Ambulance crew alerting could be done on the new coordination channel
referred to above.
lCHQOL gUS!§:
During the field visit some cc)Ocern was expressed for the safety of school
buses during winter weidler. It IlS difficul t to justify the cost of higher
pr r cad VHF rad 10 for th i 'S app 11 ca t ron. The use of CB rad i 0 - with tone decoder
added to reduce driver distraction Is recommended.
The bus would insult I a tone decoder to the CB radio which would el iminate
annoying and dIstracting radio tNlffic to the driver. Operational procedure
should be established to prohibit use of the CB unit by the mobile operator
unless called, or' there is an ~mergency or an important message to relay from
the bus. The school, and volunteer citiZens with CB units along the route could
be equipped with tone encoders for calling the bus when required. These same
points could monitor the designated CB channel during times the.bus was enroute
for messages from the. bus. The citizens and schools would have access to the
telephon~ for reaching the CVCDC for any additional assistance needed.
CD RADIO APPLICATION:
Since a growing segment of the citizenry equip their automobiles with CB
radios, the practice of placing CB units in Police and Rescue vehicles for direct
communication with an accident scene, or snow bound stranded vehicle is
recommended. A program encoura!:.ling responsible citiizen cooperation as a pub) ic
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relations project could be Initiated. Such a policy may also help achieve
greater respect for use of the CO airways. Highway signs shOWing channels
monitored by Police or rescue vehicles would be part of the program.
The CO radio offers an effective direct link to the scene of assistance
while emergency units are enroute. Volunteer firemen enroute to a fire can
also U$8 CB for coordination.
POLICE PQBIA@LE RADIO CONSIDERATION:
With most police communIcation on UHF (450 MHz), the question of how to
best include poltce in an effort using the new 154 MHz coordination channel
must be considered.
The simplest method would be to crosspatch at the dispatch center one
of the 450 MHz dispatch channels to the 154 MHz coordination channel. 'the dis
advantage here Is the entire dispatch area will hear all traffic. which may
• really pertain only to the local situation requiring coordination.
A' second method would be to provide repeat capability in a few selected
police vehicles Which could be brought to the scane~ These vehicles would be
• set up to repeat the Channef 2 pol ice (460.500) on the 154 coordination channel
and vice versa.
A third approach would be to purchase some highband police portables with
Dual Front End receiver to permit reception on UHF. This approach could also
contribute to permitting police communication on 155.475 MHz. the nation~l
police emergency channel and provide a 150 MHz Police portable talk-back channel.
• The channe.1 arrangement In the portables would be as follows:
Channel 1 • Tl 154.XXX, Rl 154.XXX (The cootdina~ing channel)
Channel 2. T2 155.475, Ri 155.475 (National Emerg. Freq. )
• Channel 3. T3 155.010, R3
,460.050 (Priori ty) i.'<, ... ,- ~-' .~
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The portables would be set with 2-channel searching with 460.050
having priority, regardless of which channel position was selected. Thus, • the police unit would always be reached by the CVCDC. while coordinating on
Channell, at the scene of a special event. The frequency 155.01 presently
licensed to Barre and Northfield could be used as a highband portable talk-
back channel.
The substitution of such a portable unit for pol ice would cost no more
per unit than a multi-channel UHF.
Base repeat from R 155.010 to T 460.050 could be set up by the dispatcher,
to permit communication to any police vehicle from a portable.
The following diagrams illustrate tho Frequency plan. •
. , '. "CVCDC" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispat~h Center
THE RADIO FREQUENCY PLAN
Town Police
- - 460 .• 250
Rt:" "1.-/
460.,425 TI!)
46B.425 R
155.01
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Sher.iff (Both ---..
CTY)
460.450
/ 155.XXX
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150MHz .. ~.-' Port. . (See Text) with __ #~ __
Dual H.F" . '.:".1<,.~ ,F" ,-
in Rcvr~" ''''-~
ationwideEmerg. 155.475
FIRE, At-1BULANCE 1U~D CITY VEHICI.£S
154 to 155 HHz
Fire Veh. Ambulance
1.) 154.340 2.155.280
"TOwn St~eet Water Etc. 1. Existing freq .. if 154
-,----(See Text)
Local Citizens and C Bl'
Tourists Radio V
C B RADIO
1. 154.190 2. 155.XXX
SCHOOLS
3. {S.E. Disp.) .4. 155.XXX
Tone Decode!.'
BUSES
to 155 - . 20 155.XXX
Tone Encoder
C B RADIO
CITIZEN VOLUN~EERS "Bus Watchers
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7 - 2
Further investigation is suggested. Tests from Mt. Mansfield on any
existing UHF channel should first be conducted to verify the degree of cover
age from Mansfield. Additional sites may not be needed. Based on available
data, a 100 Watt base at Mansfield with 10 DB Antenna is calculated to result
in 1 to 2 M Volt signal about 5~h of the time in the Waitsfield area. Direction-
al Antennas are recommended at Mansfield and Millstone Hill on the Channell
frequency to place the maximum usable radiated emergency within the "CVCDCII
area as much as possible. The system has been designed around existing sites
pr imari 1 y.
Drawings in this section illustrate the station plan, with receiver voting
incorporated to improve talk-back reception. Sites and antennas for the two
Police channels (1 and 5) are:
~ POLICE CHANNEL 1 BASE (T 460.425. R 460.425)
~iTE ---'--Mt. Mansfield
Mill stone Hi 1 ,
Montpel ier
Roxbury Gap
ANTENNA
10 DB - Omnj - with Offset Pattern to East.
10' Dish with De-icer -directed NNE for improved signal in Cabot, Woodbury Towns.
10 DB - Omni - Antenna
10 DB - Omni - With offset pattern to North
REMARKS
Requires a new base at Mansfield and precaution against desensitizing other channels.
Millstone is an existing site with Microwave control. Because it is at the end of the coverage area, a uni-directional high gain antenna for Channell is recommended.
(The Montpelier station is back-up in case of failure of Microwave control to mountain sites, but it also can be part of voting system.
Addition of this site depends on result of survey from Mansfield, and site suit-ab iii ty and ava I I ab iii ty. Would require point-to~ point control. (Perhaps 960 MHz or 2KMC)
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7 - 3 FOR UHF POLICE CHANNEL 5 (T 460.050, R 465.020)
ANTENNA REMARKS
M i ) ) stone Hi I I Use Voting Comparator 61 Dish - Directed toward Barre - Montpelier and select transmitter in
area of strongest signal
Montpel ier Offset Omni - 50B directed E.N.E.
Use Voting Comparator and select transmitter in area of strongest signal
In addition, if the use of high band portables as discussed earlier is
acceptable, tone coded squelch receivers on 155.01 MHz would be at each
site. This would also go into a voting comparator for portable talk-back
reception.
The dispatch console would have the option for setting any UHF trans-
mitter for repeat of its UHF receive frequency, 155.01 or both.
To avoid mutual interference from other users on 154.190, it is
recommended that base stations on that frequency and the proposed coordina-
tion channel not be on Mansfield or Millstone, but that protection of the
surrounding mountain be used to advantage on these channels. V~H.F.{150 Mhz)
stations at Montpelier, Hyde Park area and a site in the eastern section near
Hardwick or Cabot for the Fire and coordination channel are recommended.
Two-wire line circuits to each are required (one for each channel). This
will permit crosspatching of the channels and individual control. Receivers
on 155.01 could be at these same sites for portable talk-back.
Duplication of the UHF Channel 1 station at the Montpelier control
center is not needed for obtaining coverage, but does provide these useful
advantages:
1. Local transmission can be made and not cause unnecessary inter
ference over the wide areas as caused by Mt. Mansfield.
2. It provides ~ backup transmitter at the control site, always
accessible.
3. It provides another receiver voting path •
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"'--11"1 l'J' . r-- . .--~T . . . . , . ..,... i :. 0 I .t
"1--•. -, . .,.-..... ' Scale. for MEt.lor D1V1010nj I I'~' :; lHl~a and 100 feet I I-I-roo ... '--~>-:t11 I ' 10 vii • and 400 teet I -~ t! \ t ,- " ~ ~ .-~i1- I 1 J .
The following approach to CVCDC Q£~ration Cost sharing is one believed
to make a reasonable distribution among the participants, and is based both
on percentage of use by the three emergency services, and also the population
being served. It divides the costs among the Department of Public Safety,
Department of Public Health, participating Towns in the two Counties, and
the two Sheriff's Departments. It shows how all can obtain 24-hour 7-day
dispatch service for the three emergency services at an amount less than
equivalent 24-hour service could be provided individually by each town.
The reader is asked to review the pro-rata method for fairness in the
approach. EXact dollar amounts may vary some in the final analysis.
~TlMATED COST OF OPERATIONS:
1. Telephone Answerers or Dispatchers With shifts manned 4, 4, 3. respectively:
2.
11 people per day 8 hours per person
$4.35 per hour (D.P.S. est. $4.17/hour) 7 days per week
52 weeks per year:
11 x 8'x $4.35 x 7 x 52 = $139,339.
CVCDC - Administrator and Proj. Mgr. Secreta ria I Supplies
Rent/Main./Elec.
Manager: $18,000
9,000 3.000
30,000 12.000
$42,000
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3. Telephone: (COST MONTHLY) 911 Free-Call ing Plan
Incoming Leased Lines: Telephone Apparatus V.H.F. Radio Control
Lines 2 to Hyde Pa rk
$2,737 $1,675 600 300
@ $94.00
Outgoi n9 Li nes: 4 Watts @ $135.00 1 Loca I @ $16. 00 2 Direct @ $16.00
MONTHLY TOTAL
ANNUAL AMOUNT
SAVINGS WITH MICROWAVE: Per Month Per Year
TELEPHONE TOTAL $ ANNUALLY IF MICROWAVE USED TO HYDE PARK
SUMMARY: (Rounded Amounts)
188
810 16 32
$ 4.383
$52,596
$ 641 $ 7,692
Dispatchers Administration, Rent
* Telephone (911)
Total - Annual Operation
$139,500 42,000 45.000
$226,500
188
810 16 32
$ 3.020
$36,252
$ 378 $ 4,536
$31,716
~'( The Telephone was included at the most costly plan.
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PRO-RATA ~ FORMULA SUGGESTION:
(1) Divide by Usage among 3 Services; based on requests for service: (After first year, actual figures can be used. For this analysis, average estimated calls per 100 population developed in telephone section were used.)
First Year Estimate:
Average of calls/l00 population/day (estimate):
Pol ice Fire Ambulance
TOTAL
.067
.009 ...Q.lQ .106
63% 9%
-.m 100%
(2) Divide Police in proportion to UHF Mobile Radio pius P rtable Equipments: (UHF-): i~e.,
UHF UNITS State Town Pol ice Lamoi lIe Sheriff Washington Sheriff
TOTAL
MOBILE 27 12 2 3
Pro-Rate the 63% for Police:
State Towns Lamoi lIe)
63% x .54 = 34% 63% x .39 = 25%
Sheriff) 6~1o x .03 = 1.8~1o Washington) Sheriff ) 63% x .04 = 2.52%
TOTAL POLICE
PORTABLE 10 15
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TOTAL 37 27
2 ...l 69
(54%) (3SOIo) ( 3%) ~ (100%)
.34 x 226,500 ~ $ 77,010
.25 x 226,500 ~ . 56~625
.019 x 226,500 = 4,303
.025 x 226,500 = 5.662 $143,600
(3) Department of Public Health share to support 5~1o of Ambulance Use to provide dispatching for its radio equipment.
226~500 x .28 (Amb.) x .50 (DOH) = $31,710
(4) Towns pay the rest on pro-rata basis by population.
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(5) S~M~R~: - ANNUAL PRO-RATA
D.PzS:, Towns Po lice (63%)
$143,600 $77,010 $56.625 Ambu lance (28<'l.)
$ 63,420 31.710 Fire (SOl.)
$ 19,480 19.480
TOTAL -$226,500 (10001o) $77,010 $107,815
(6) TOWNS SHARE:
Straight pro-rata on population (1976)
$107,815 ~ 66,967 = $1.61 a person
Lamoi 11 e Washington Sher iff Sheri ff D. 0"
$ 4.303 $ 5,662
$ 31.710
$ 4,303 $ 5,662 $ 31,710
Typical $ Examples: Barre City: $1.61 x 10,691 = $17,212 Per Year
Montpel ier: $1.61 x 8,819 = $14,198 " " Stowe: $1.61 x 2,719 = $ 4,378 II /I
Northfield: $1.61 x 5,090 = $ 8,194 II " (7) FUNDING COMMENTS:
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Burglar Alarms. A standard alarm system should be used - all users mus.t conform to standard type agreed upon. Commercial rates run • about $10 to $15 per month.
2. Above amounts include no pro-rata of capital equipment to set up Center.
3. Annual Cost of 1 Dispatcher for:
24 Hours, 7 Days/Week is: 24 x $4.35 x 7 x 52 = $38,001
24 Hours, 5 Days/Week is: 24 x $4.35 x 5 x 52 = $27,144
"eve De" Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center
Distribution of population among the municipal entities in Washington and Lamoille Counties. If pro-rata cost is kept below $2.00, the average size town cost would be $2,000 a year.
ConDUlting Engineering Sorvices
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9 - J
PART 9 -
MA~AGEHENT AND SUPPORT ORGANIZATION
The engineering, servicing and experience in Communications technology
within the Vermont Department of Public Safety Communication Division must
be depended upon to support the individually managed communication Dispatch
Centers, of which the "CVCDCI' can be a prototype for similar centers through
out the State.
It is suggested that the day-to-day responsibil ity for operation of the
Dispatch Center be by a Communication Center Managing Director, appointed by
a governing board discussed in later paragraphs.
D. P. S. COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION SUPPORT
The support functions which the State must organize to'insure the cost
saving benefits resulting in uniform standards in operation and equipments
are: Standards and Training
Systems Engineering and Equipment Specifications
Service and Maintenance
It is recommended the State Communications Division organize with three
branches under control of a Supe:visc,r in each of these activi ties.
Standards and Training:
A training program for proper dispatch techniques should be established
which all dispatchers in Municipal or State systems should attend. The training
should include ~ description of the complete cpmmunication system so that dis
patchers can use the equipment under their control to its fullest capability.
The training department shall arrange to include representatives from Police,
Fire and Emergency Medical Services who can train on dispatching or telephone
procedures unique to each of their respective activities. A job description
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for dispatchers, outl ining require aptitude and previous experience shall
be prepared and used as the basis for hiring dispatchers in all cOfTYllunica-
tion centers.
To insure uniformity in telephone appratus, this section shall work
closely with a State telephone rp.presentative and establish a 1 ist of
acceptable telephone answering devices that may be recommended for installa-
tlon in the dispatch centers. Every effort should be made to establish similar
apparatus and uniform operating procedures among all dispatching centers.
This department shall also include instructional material for operation
of all data and teletype devices, and approve all message formats used in
these systems.
The information in Chapter 23 "Communications", and Chapter 24 II I nforma-
tion Systems" in the POLICE volume issued by the National Advisory Commission
on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals should be referred to when setting
performance goals. Also, helpful is liThe Pub) ic Safety Communications Standard
Operating Procedures Manual!!, available from the Executive Secretary, Associa-
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ted Public Safety Communications Officers, Inc.; P. O. Box 669, New Smyrna Beach, •
Florida 32069.
System Engineering and EQuipment Specifications:
Systems Englneerl.!l9: A State-wide system engineering review and ! iaison service •
can insure compatibility among individual networks, and provide technical support
needed In resolving equipment or system performance problems with equipment
vendor's.
Tone Signall ing: An agreed to .zt.SPlD tone signalling method for selective call
should be established by tone frequency range, tone duration, spaced between
tones, and stability., With a growing use of alert monitor receivers and pagers dlJtTJ M-I2()f;:2E.))
being used, a JlIIII tone coded format is essential. This department shall also
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maintain a log of tone codes used in each dispatch, center by R. F. Channel,
and be a clearing center when new tone devices are added.
• B. E. frequencies: All R. F. Frequency plans util ized in a communication
center should be reviewed and recorded for compatibility among other State
. networks. Records of equipments at mountain top sites should be retained
• so tha tin te rfe rence po ten t i a 1 can be eva I ua ted when new equ i pment is P;"oposed.
Egyjgment Specifications: A testing center that can verify compliance of
vendor equipments against required specifications should be established. Also,
• new equipments available should be tested against environmental and installa-
tion or engineering problems unique to State systems and an approved list of
suitable equipments should be maintained.
• ~vice and Maintenance
At typical commercial serv·ice contract rates, equipments in the CVCDC
• area would cost about $25,000 per year to maintaIn. However, th~ State has an
established organization with test equipment and shops for service which can
be expanded to provide service to the cities and towns.
• Many cities complain of high cost and time delays in getting their equip-
ment repaired by commercial ve.,dors. It is suggested that the opportunity be
offered to each town and city for the State to service its equipment, and that
• the State service organization determine what additional manpower and equip··
ments ~y be needed to service those not now covered. Towns can reimburse the
State at an agreed to cost sharing plan. after the costs are determined. The
• Total Service Cost estimated by the State could be pro-rated by number of
equlpments in service and included in the tot~1 pro-rata cost shown in the
previous section for Operation costs.
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A ~ossible formula for pro-rating service cost is as follows:
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Contract Service Costs are about -$11 • OO/Mon th pe r Base
6.00/Month per Mobile 4.00/Month per Portable 2.00/Month for Receivers
1. Use these factors to find a weighted average
"unit service cost". That is, a base is worth 11 Units,
a mobile 6 Units of cost, etc.
2. Find the "unit" service cost as follows:
Total Base in CVCDC x 11 = B Total Mobile in CVCDC x 6 = M Total Portable in CVCDC x 4 = P Total Alert Receivers x 2 = R
Sum of Above s
U = Unit Cost = State Annual Service $ for CYCDC S
A Towns Service Units would be: 11 x Town Qty. Base = BT 6 x II II Mobi les = MT 4 x II II Portables = PT 2 x II II Rece i vers = RT
SUM = St
Towns Cost would be U x St = $ Annual Service
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EXAMPLE: Assume D. P. S. budget $20,000 to Service CVCOC Area.
CVCOC has:
41 Base, 151 Mobiles, 43 Portables, 145 Receivers
Unit Service Cost is: ( )
$20,000 7 ( (11x41)+(6x151)+(4x43)+(2x145»
or $11 per "UN /Til
Montpelier has
VHF Base 7 Mobi les 3 Portables UHF II 2 II 2 II
Total 2 9 5
Weight factor x 11 x6 x4
Service Units 22 54 20
Total Service Units = 134
Annual Pro-rata cost = 134 x 11 = $1,470
19 Rece ivers II
19
x2
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(The cost figures are for example. The service budget must be determined. Total units will change, and a unit $ value would be adjusted annually.) .
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9 - 6 CVCDC Organization
It is suggested a lO-man governing board be established and hire a
Managing Director for the CVCDC.
CVCDC Defined: The Central Vermont Cooperative Dispatch Center shail
be an organization to provide telephone answering and unit radio or signal-
1 ing dispatch for all Police, Fire and Emergency Medical Services in
Washington and Lamoille Counties in Vermont.
Members of Governing Board:
- Representative from the Mutual Aid Fire.
1 - Representative selected by a meeting of the Police Chiefs from
participating towns.
2 - Representatives selected by the participating towns and County
government of Lamoille County. (Could be selected by Lamoille
County Development Board.)
2 - Representatives selected by the participating towns and County
gQvernment of Washington County. (Could be selected by Central
Vermont Regional Development Board.)
- Representative from the Department of Public Safety Communications.
- Representative from the Emergency Medical Services.
Ierm: Members shall serve for a one-year term, but may be re-appointed for up
to 3 consecutive terms.
Goyerning Board Duties: The governing board shall set policy for the CVCDC
and approve all system equipment and procedures. They shall jointly approve
all expenditures and prepare a working budget for each year.
Officers: The Governing Board shall elect annually a Chairman, Vice Chairman
and Secretary-Treasurer.
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Meetings: The Governing Board shall convene monthly.
• CYCPC Managing Director:
The Governing Board shall hire a Managing Director who shall super-
vise all dispatch operations and hire and train dispatchers. He shall
• handle the day-to-day management of the center and arrange for all service
needed. He shall enforce all policy guidelines accepted and noted upon by
the Governing Board.
• CYCDC Participants:
All municipalities within the CVCDC designated area shall be invited
to be part of the Cooperative Center. A majority vote of the Governing Board
• shall be required to accept new participants in the CVCDC. A signed agree-
ment from all participants shall be part of the CVCDC records. All costs o
shall be pro-rated according to the follOWing formula:
• (See suggested formula in the Cost Section of Report)
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DIRECTOR DEPT. PUBLIC SAFETY
COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER
I I I
STANDARDS ENGINEERING AND
TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS
l ... _S U F P L
o R T A C T I V , "
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"CVCDCfI MANAGING DIRECTOR
I 1 S:E.:CRETARY DISPATCHERS
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GOVERNING
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1 Representative from the Department·of Public Sa£ety Communications.
I 1 Representative from fire departments participating
SERVICE 1 Representative selected AND from police chiefs.
MAINTENANCE .- - ._" - - - . . -...,. Representative from the I .
.."r r • Emergency Medical Services S ' . -, '.u. J ..
1 2 Representatives from i I participating towns in
ELECTED CHAIRMAN Washingt on q.()!.. .. - ..
a 2 Representatives from VICE SEC. participating towns in CHAIRMAN TREASURER t- Lamoille County.
