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IS 203 International Relations 1 NHEM Boraden ffd8ffe000104a46494600010201008000750000ffe20c584943435f5 0524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247 422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400 00000049454320735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6 000100000000d32d48502020000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000011637072740000015000000033646573630000018400 00006c77747074000001f000000014626b70740000020400000014 7258595a00000218000000146758595a0000022c00000014625859 5a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d64640000 02c400000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d400 0000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c000000247 4656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524 30000043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000 000436f70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c65747 42d5061636b61726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000

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Disclaimer

The views expressed in this presentation are solely personal views of the author, they DO NOT reflect the official position(s) of the General Department of Policy and Foreign Affairs OR the Ministry of National Defense of Cambodia.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011 2 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300

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Nature of Power

Morgenthau: Power is a psychological relationship between those

who exercise it and those over whom it is exercised. 1. Power determines outcome, influence can only affect decision in the hope that outcome will be desirable.2. Force is physical and power is psychological. 3. Power is contextual: it is restrained by societal customs. 4. Moral or legitimate power vs. Immoral or illegitimate power.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011 3 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000

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474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000

Aspects of Power

Power is multidimensional: military, economics, international law,

diplomacy It can therefore be used for various objectives. Power is perceptual: strenghis in the eyes of the beholder?

Power is dynamic: power changes over time. Power is relational: power is always in a context of at least two Power is contextual: societal norms can restrain power.

countries. With no comparison, no state can accurately be said to be more powerful than others.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d5346540000000049454320735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001163707274000001500 000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a0000022 c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c000000867669657700000 3d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c675452430000 043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61726 420436f6d70616e790000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049454 336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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Constituents of PowerPopulation Geography Natural Resources Industrial Capabilities Military Capabilities Will Leadership Diplomacy Internal Organization Strategy

by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011 4 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000

How is economic power used?

As a prize for compliance: the carrot. As a sanction for non-compliance: the stick. 1. For example, quota for textile exports in exchange for the

improvement of working conditions. The goal is to actively force a target country to make political

concessions. If they do they will get some economic benefit but if they do not, they will get punishment.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware Assistant to the Minister of National Defense

12/5/2011 5 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207

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The different types of sanctionMilitary sanction: the ban on weapon import/export and all

types of military aid.Economic sanction:1. Stop the inflow of goods and services (sometimes include necessity goods) into a country. Investment inflow is also frozen. 2. Stop the sales of the target countrys main revenue-generating commodity. 3. Assets seizures: freezing all bank accounts in foreign country and/or seizing all assets of the target country (located abroad). 4. Selected goods: stop the influx of luxurious goods or any other sensitive goods.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a

2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d5346540000000049454320735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001163707274000001500 000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a0000022 c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c000000867669657700000 3d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c675452430000 043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61726 420436f6d70616e790000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049454 336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000

The mechanisms of a sanctionIncrease the cost of non-compliance while increasing the

benefit of compliance Induce hardship on the people to put pressure on the government to change policyWho can implement a sanction?1. Countries who can enforce compliance from the actors involved or those who have a large networks of actors who can implement the measures.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

2. 12/5/2011 3. 6 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7 07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000

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ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7 07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7 07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7

07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000

Why sanctions are bound to be ineffective1.The modern state is more resilient : each state is more or less

self-sufficient 2.Sanctions generate anger toward the enforcer country rather than the target country 3.No single country can control all the companies involved in a sanction 4.Some commodities are so important that one can always find buyersby NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011 7 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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0000000000000000000

Why sanctions are bound to be ineffective

5.Because reputation is at stake in every sanction, backing down is

simply too costly for the target country 6.Enforcement is sometimes difficult because there will be losses on both sides due to the restrictions put on international trade 7.Sanction without the full support of the five members of the UN Security Council will be difficult as the target country can always find a replacement from other superpowersby NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d5346540000000049454320735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001163707274000001500 000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a0000022 c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c000000867669657700000 3d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c675452430000 043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61726 420436f6d70616e790000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049454 336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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Research in Economic Sanction (Robert Papeand others) ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c5849434 35f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7 4725247422058595a2007ce000200090006003100006163737 04d53465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000 00000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850202000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000011637072740000015 00000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000 000014626b707400000204000000147258595a000002180000 00146758595a0000022c000000146258595a00000240000000 14646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c400000088 767565640000034c0000008676696577000003d4000000246c 756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002474656 368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524 30000043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400 000000436f7079726967687420286329203139393820486577 6c6574742d5061636b61726420436f6d70616e7900006465736 30000000000000012735247422049454336313936362d322e3 10000000000000000000000127352474220494543363139363 62d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011

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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d5346540000000049454320735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001163707274000001500 000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a0000022 c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c000000867669657700000 3d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c675452430000 043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61726 420436f6d70616e790000646573630000000000000012735247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000012735247422049454 336313936362d322e31000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300

00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 Why is sanction a favorite tool despite its ineffectiveness? A show of force: Superpowers want to gain prestige from being

able to successfully coerce other to make concessions. Public Opinion: Sometimes, economic sanctions are the easiest way of satisfy public opinion. American bias: American policymakers tend to think that what is difficult for them (Americans) must be difficult to others as well.by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

12/5/2011 9 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61

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2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 Optional Slides ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f 46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595 a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d5346540000000049454320 735247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d485 0202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000011637072740000015 00000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f00000001462 6b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a00000 22c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000025400000070 646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c0000008676696577000 003d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c000000 2474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c675452430 000043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f 70797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b6 1726420436f6d70616e7900006465736300000000000000127352474220 49454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127352474220 49454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a 2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53465400000000494543207 35247420000000000000000000000000000f6d6000100000000d32d4850 2020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000116370727400000150 0000003364657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626 b707400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a000002 2c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e6400000254000000706 46d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c00000086766965770000 03d4000000246c756d69000003f8000000146d6561730000040c0000002 474656368000004300000000c725452430000043c0000080c6754524300 00043c0000080c625452430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f7 0797269676874202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b61 726420436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000001273524742204 9454336313936362d322e3100000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435f50524f4 6494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e74725247422058595a

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Four types of the use of force (Robert Art)Deterrence: A deployment of military power to prevent the adversary

from doing something (that he might otherwise be tempted to do). 1. This can be achieved by threatening the adversary with unacceptablepunishment should he does not comply. 2. Target is usually civilian (it must be unacceptable to adversary for deterrence to work). 3. It is successful if the status quo does not change. If the status quo changes, then it is not successful. The problem, then is how to define success if the instrument is deterrence. 4. In other words, deterrence is effective when one does not need to carry it out because if we do then the status quo will change and it means deterrence fails.

by NHEM Boraden, PhD (A.B.D.), Political Science and National Security Affairs, University of Delaware

5. 12/5/2011 6. 10 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7 07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000116370727400000150000000336 4657363000001840000006c77747074000001f000000014626b7 07400000204000000147258595a00000218000000146758595a 0000022c000000146258595a0000024000000014646d6e640000 025400000070646d6464000002c400000088767565640000034c 0000008676696577000003d4000000246c756d69000003f80000 00146d6561730000040c0000002474656368000004300000000c 725452430000043c0000080c675452430000043c0000080c6254 52430000043c0000080c7465787400000000436f707972696768 74202863292031393938204865776c6574742d5061636b617264 20436f6d70616e79000064657363000000000000001273524742 2049454336313936362d322e310000000000000000000000127 35247422049454336313936362d322e31000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000 ffd8ffe000104a4649460001020100c800c80000ffe20c584943435 f50524f46494c4500010100000c484c696e6f021000006d6e7472 5247422058595a2007ce00020009000600310000616373704d53 465400000000494543207352474200000000000000000000000 00000f6d6000100000000d32d485020200000000000000000000

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Four types of the use of force (Robert Art)

Compellence: The deployment of military power to eith