Global food policy highlights

Nutrition gets the spotlight Increased investments G8 Nutrition for Growth Summit

Expansion of New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition

Bigger momentum of SUN Movement

New evidence The Lancet Series

Post-2015 agenda and SDGs gain traction Recognition of linkages among development outcomes

BUT lack of consensus on agriculture, food, and nutrition goals

Regional and national developments

Africa: CAADP turns 10; Development of Science Agenda for Agriculture in Africa

Middle East & North Africa: Impressive food policies incl. land reform, open data initiative

Central Asia & Russia: New reforms incl. improved agricultural productivity, agribusiness competitiveness, and trade

South Asia: Strategic actions for ensuring food security and adapting to climate change; Indias Right to Food Act

PresenterPresentation NotesAlgeria: Algerias Policy for Agricultural and Rural Renewal (PARR) has begun to show impressive results. The cornerstone of PARR is the Land Concession Law. The solid agricultural growth for 20092013, estimated by the government to have averaged 13.8 percent annually, was perhaps stimulated by this law.Egypt: Prospects rose for better-informed policymaking with the May launch of the open data initiative by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. In another move toward increased data transparency, in January 2014, IFPRI, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, and CGIARs Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets launched a revised version of the Arab Spatial Development and Food Security Atlas, the first interactive mapping tool for the region.Yemen: The Yemen government reemphasized its commitment to implementing the National Food Security Strategy at a September workshop hosted by the prime minister in Sanaa. In an important step toward financing the implementation of the food strategy, Yemen secured a US$36 million grant from the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program. Kazakhstan: The Kazakhstan government adopted a multiyear agricultural development program targeting long-term efficiency and productivity improvements by stimulating adoption of efficient technologies and inputs, increasing investment in market and production infrastructure, and promoting land improvement. Kyrgyzstan: Government has been vigorously debating approaches to land consolidation, with discussions centering on measures to facilitate farmer cooperatives. Russia: Current priorities are to expand production and further develop agribusiness. The government adopted a long-term State Programme for Development of Agriculture, which seeks both to increase agricultural productivity and to achieve food self-sufficiency targets. government of Tajikistan continued implementing a comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme, finalized in late 2012. Tajikistan: Tajikistans major domestic food-security challengefarm productivityby reducing government interference in farmers decisionmaking; increasing private incentives; and supporting access to rural finance, inputs, and advisory (extension) services. Uzbekistan: The government of Uzbekistan advanced its policy on land consolidation International trade: After 18 years of negotiation, Russia acceded to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in August 2012, and in 2013, it enacted measures to fulfill its liberalization commitments. In March 2013, Tajikistan also acceded to the WTO, and Kazakhstan entered into advanced stages of negotiation. This trendtogether with a smaller, regional customs union among Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, which promotes regional trade and may soon include some other countriesmay have important implications for more efficient trade in agricultural products and inputs in the region. Bangladesh: Launched a National Agricultural Policy. Designed to make the countrys agriculture more resilient and sustainable, this policy gives priority to increasing production of more nutritious food crops, including cereals. Bangladesh: Released a genetically modified (GM) eggplant.Bhutan: Bhutan approved the implementation of an initiative to transform the countrys agriculture into an organic system. The National Organic Program aims to (1) develop and promote organic farming as a way of life among Bhutanese farmers; (2) enhance nutrition, health, and farm household income; and (3) turn the country into a net exporter of organic products. India: Launched National Food Security Act.India: Launched the Kisaan SMS (short message services) Portal for Knowledge Dissemination, a program designed both to accelerate the dissemination of agricultural technology and to make the best use of information and communication technology.India: Passed the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of 2013. This legislation provides fair compensation, be it resettlement or other alternative opportunities, to those affected and also ensures adequate safeguards for complete transparency in the process of land acquisition. Nepal: The government of Nepal proffered a seed-sector development strategy known as National Seed Vision. This policy is designed to achieve multiple goals, such as ensuring food security, reducing poverty, generating employment opportunities, contributing toward biodiversity conservation, helping the country adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and contributing to gender equality and social inclusion. Pakistan: To help meet the challenge of climate change, the Pakistan government launched its first ever National Climate Change Policy.China: Chinese government released a document recognizing the need for a new approach to Chinas agricultural development in the face of industrialization and urbanization. China: China began implementing plans to spend more than 320 billion yuan (US$52 billion) over the next few years on improving land productivity through improved land leveling and irrigation. Philippines: Similarly, the National Economic and Development Authority of the Philippines plans to implement several public infrastructure development projects in 2014 for a total allotment of 399 billion pesos ($9.1 billion), which is about 35 percent higher than the funds allocated for 2013. Myanmar: By undertaking a new wave of political reforms in 2013, Myanmar has a chance to set itself on the same road to economic expansion that has brought prosperity to its regional neighbors. Latin America and Caribbean: Several countries in the region have either enacted or discussed the enactment of new legislation. Chiles new law, Nutritional Composition of Nutrients and Their Advertising, for instance, is one of the first in the world to require warning labels on foods high in fat, sugar, and salt. Peru has also recently passed a law to combat childhood obesity and to prevent increases in diabetes and cardiovascular problems. Mexico is considering the imposition of a tax on sugar in beverages and on other unhealthy food.

Post-2015 agendaEnd hunger and undernutrition by 2025

For ethical and economic reasons

Evidence from various countries suggests it is realistic to pursue this goal

0 10 20 30 40 50

DRCMadagascar

EthiopiaNepal

YemenUganda

TanzaniaBurma

BangladeshKenyaSudan

NigeriaPakistan

IndiaVietnam

PhilippinesIndonesia

US$

Economic returns to US$ 1 invested in reducing stunting

Source: Hoddinott et al. 2013

Undernutrition leads to Impaired physical and cognitive

development

Productivity losses

Problems of social inclusion

Economic losses (% of GDP) Global: 2-3%

Ethiopia: 17%

India: 2.5%

Uganda: 6%

Source: Stein and Qaim 2007; AUC, NEPAD, UNECA, WFP 2013; FAO 2013

Undernutrition is costlyBut nutrition investments have high returns

05

10

15

20

25

Perc

ent

Achievable scenario, Undernourishment

Achievable scenario, Stunting

BAU scenario, Stunting

BAU scenario, Undernourishment

Prevalence of global undernourishment and stunting under business as usual (BAU) and achievable scenarios

Source: Based on data from FAO 2013 and WDI 2013

5% residual

To end undernourishment and stunting by 2025, prevalence needs to decline by

7% annually for undernourishment 12% annually for stunting

What will it take to end hunger and undernutrition by 2025?

The right strategies can speed up progress

Agricultural growth enhances hunger reduction Increases household incomes and diversifies diets

Reduces food prices to benefit poor net food buyers

Creates employment; stimulates rural nonfarm economy

Generates government revenues

Subsectoral growth matters (e.g. small vs. large farms; staple vs. cash crops)

Source: Pauw and Thurlow 2010

Whether subsectoral growth reduces hunger depends on Its linkages with rest of economy

Its initial size and geographic concentration

Its growth potential

Market opportunities

Source: Fan and Brzeska 2012

Role of agricultural growth strategies

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

Maize Pulses &oilseeds

Horticulture Livestock Export crops

Perc

ent

Calorie deficiency-growth elasticities, Tanzania (2000-07)

Role of social protection strategies

0

5

10

15

20

25

Ecuador,food

Ecuador,cash

Ecuador,vouchers

Uganda,food

Uganda,cash

% Change in caloric acquisition

Change in Food Consumption Score (FCS)

Impact of transfers relative to non-recipient households in Ecuador and Uganda

Source: Hoddinott et al. 2013Note: FCS is a frequency-weighted measures of food diversity

Social safety nets promote growth by Building assets and protecting them from

shocks Reducing inequality Facilitating structural reform Increasing effective allocation of resources

Effectiveness depends on proper design and implementation

Effective safety nets should have Clear objective Feasible means of targeting Reliable transfer mode Sound M&E system Transparency

Role of social protection strategies

Acceleration of progress in nutrition requires Nutrition-specific interventions to address immediate causes

such as inadequate nutrient intake

E.g. micronutrient supplementation

Nutrition-sensitive programs to address underlying causes such as inadequate access to healthcare and sanitation

E.g. water and sanitation

Nutrition-sensitive programs can serve as delivery platforms for nutrition-specific interventions

Increases scale, coverage, and effectiveness

Source: Bhutta et al. 2013; Ruel and Alderman 2013

Role of nutrition strategies

PresenterPresentation NotesEffectiveness, coverage, and scale of nutrition-specific interventions are improved when delivered through nutrition-sensitive programs

Approaches to ending hunger and undernutrition by 2025

1. Promote country-led strategies and investments

2. Scale-up evidence-based policies and policy experiments

3. Facilitate knowledge sharing and transfer

4. Enhance role of the private sector

5. Support data revolution on hunger and undernutrition

Highlights from IFPRIs 2020 Conference Resilience is about

capabilities at all levels to predict, prevent, cope with, recover, and even prosper after shocks

bridging gap between short-term relief and long-term development goals

a systems way of thinking

Effective measurement of resilience is crucial

Multi-disciplinary, multi-actor approaches should be employed

Mainstreaming resilience into research, programming, and policies is a must

Resilience critical to end hunger and undernutrition by 2025

End hunger and undernutrition by 2025

For ethical and economic reasons

Evidence from various countries suggests it is realistic to pursue this goal

BUT governments and donors must devote sufficient resources and implement appropriate policies

It always seems impossible until it's done

- Nelson Mandela

PresenterPresentation Notes

Slide Number 1Global food policy highlightsRegional and national developmentsPost-2015 agendaEnd hunger and undernutrition by 2025Slide Number 5Slide Number 6The right strategies can speed up progressRole of agricultural growth strategiesRole of social protection strategiesRole of nutrition strategiesApproaches to ending hunger and undernutrition by 2025Resilience critical to end hunger and undernutrition by 2025End hunger and undernutrition by 2025Slide Number 14