Candidate name
INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Sample Examination Paper A GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name on all work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer three questions. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The questions in this sample examination paper were taken from IGCSE Geography Paper 1 and are reproduced by permission of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate: Questions 1 and 3 May/June 2007 Question 2 May/June 2005 Question 4 May/June 2006 Question 5 October/November 2005 Question 6 October/November 2007 The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate bears no responsibility for the example answers to questions taken from its past question papers which are contained in this publication.
3
0460/01/M/J/07© UCLES 2007 [Turn over
1 (a) Study Fig. 1, a map which shows birth and death rates in different parts of the world in 2005.
East Asia10
26 6
44 16
27 7
12 7
1410
23 7
17 7
24 17
22 6
33 16
14 8 11
Latin Americaand Caribbean
NorthAmerica
SouthernAfrica
Oceania
Eastern EuropeandNorthern Asia
South EastAsia
NorthernAfrica
WesternEurope
Birth Rateper 1000people
Death Rateper 1000people
Key
CentralAfrica
Westernand SouthCentral Asia
Fig. 1
(i) What is meant by ‘death rate’? [1]
(ii) Identify:
A the area with the highest rate of natural population increase,
B an area of natural population decline. [2]
(iii) Suggest reasons why:
A there are higher death rates in Western Europe and North America than in Latin America and the Caribbean, [3]
B there are higher birth rates in Central and Southern Africa than in East Asia. [4]
4
0460/01/M/J/07© UCLES 2007
(b) Study Figs 2A and 2B, population pyramids for Norway in 2000 and 2025 (projected).
180 140 100 60160 120 80 2040 0 0 40 80 12020 60 100 160140 1800-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485-8990-9495+
Male
Population (thousands)
Female
NORWAY (2000)
olddependentpopulation
youngdependentpopulation
Age
Fig. 2A
180 140 100 60160 120 80 2040 0 0 40 80 12020 60 100 160140 1800-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-7980-8485-8990-9495+
AgeMale
Population (thousands)
Female
NORWAY (2025 PROJECTED)
olddependentpopulation
youngdependentpopulation
Fig. 2B
5
0460/01/M/J/07© UCLES 2007 [Turn over
(i) What evidence in the population pyramids suggests that Norway has an ageing population? Support your answer with figures. [3]
(ii) Describe the likely effects of an ageing population in an MEDC such as Norway. [5]
(c) Overpopulation occurs when there are too many people living in an area for the resources which are available.
What problems are caused by overpopulation? You should refer to a country or area which you have studied. [7]
4
0460/01/M/J05
2 (a) Study Fig. 3 which shows land use within a typical city in a developed country.
Fig. 3
(i) What is the name given to the area labelled X on Fig. 3? [1]
(ii) Explain why there are often tall buildings close to the centre of cities. [2]
(iii) Using only information from Fig. 3, compare the land use in the inner city and suburbs. [3]
(iv) Choose and write down one type of land use shown in Fig. 3. Suggest reasons for thedifferent amounts of this land use between the centre and the edge of the city. [4]
100
80
60
40
20
00 1 2 3 4 5
Kilometres
6 7 8 9 10
X Inner city Suburbs
city centre edge of city
Per
cent
age
of e
ach
zone
residential
public buildings
industry and warehousing
convenience shops
comparison shops
others
Key:
© UCLES 2005
5
0460/01/M/J05 [Turn over
(b) Study Fig. 4, a model showing the variation in quality of life in cities in developed anddeveloping countries.
Fig. 4
(i) Briefly describe what the model shows about the variations in quality of life in cities indeveloping and developed countries. [3]
(ii) How accurate do you think this model is? Explain your answer by referring to cities inboth developed and developing countries. [5]
(c) In all large urban areas there have been changes in land use in recent years.
These include the development of:
road networks,residential areas,industrial areas,leisure and shopping facilities.
For a named urban area, identify a recent change in land use.Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this development for people who live in theurban area which you have named. [7]
city centre edge of city
Qualityof life
high
low
Developed
Developing
© UCLES 2005
8
0460/01/M/J/07© UCLES 2007
3 (a) Study Fig. 5, which shows where major earthquakes have taken place in California, USA.
1892
1868
19891838
1906
1983
1857
1927
0 50 100 150
km
1992
1918
19681940
1979
1987
1812
MOJAVEDESERT
SIERRANEVADA
1994
1971
1812Santa Barbara
San Francisco
N
PAC
IFIC P
LATE
NORTH AMERICAN PLATENevada
California
Parkfield
Palmdale
Los Angeles
San Diego
Mexico
USA
San Andreas FaultKey
Other fault
Dates of major earthquakes
Direction of plate movement
Settlements
1952
Fig. 5
(i) How many earthquakes took place on the San Andreas Fault? [1]
(ii) San Francisco was affected by an earthquake in 1989.
What was the distance and direction of this earthquake from San Francisco? [2]
(iii) Explain briefly why earthquakes take place on or close to major faults, such as the San Andreas Fault. [3]
9
0460/01/M/J/07© UCLES 2007 [Turn over
(b) San Francisco is still at risk from earthquakes. Study Photographs A, B and C (Insert), which were taken in San Francisco.
(i) Suggest three likely impacts of a major earthquake on the areas shown in the photographs. [3]
(ii) The Transamerica Pyramid is marked by an ‘X’ on Photograph C. In the 1989 earthquake it shook for more than a minute but the building was undamaged and no one was seriously injured.
What measures can be taken to protect people from earthquakes? [4]
(iii) Explain why many people continue to live in areas at risk from natural hazards. [5]
(c) In many parts of the world the natural environment presents hazards to people.
Choose an example of one of the following: • a volcanic eruption • a tropical storm • a drought
For a named area, describe the short-term and long-term effects of the example which you have chosen on people living in the area. [7]
8
0460/01/M/J/06
4 (a) Study Fig. 6 which shows three instruments which are used to measure characteristics of theweather.
Fig. 6
(i) Which weather characteristic is measured by instrument A? [1]
(ii) Identify the weather instruments labelled B and C. [2]
C
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
C
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
C
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
B C
vacuum
spoke
cup
electricallyoperated dial
metalindex
metalindex
mercury
mercury
bulb filledwith alcohol
mercury
wick in a bottlecontainingwater
A
© UCLES 2006
9
0460/01/M/J/06 [Turn over
(iii) Use the correct instrument shown in Fig. 6, along with Table 1, to work out the relativehumidity. You must show how you got your answer. [3]
Table 1
Question 4 continues on page 10.
Wet-bulb depression (°C)
0
Dry bulb
22°C
24°C
26°C
28°C
30°C
32°C
%
100
100
100
100
100
100
%
90
91
91
91
92
92
%
82
82
83
83
84
85
%
73
74
75
76
77
78
%
65
66
67
68
68
70
%
60
62
64
65
66
68
1 2 3 4 5
© UCLES 2006
10
0460/01/M/J/06
(b) Study Fig. 7 which shows a weather station and the siting of some of the instruments.
Fig. 7
(i) Explain how you would take measurements using the rain gauge. [3]
(ii) Explain why the instruments labelled B and C on Fig. 6 will give more accurate readingsif they are kept in a Stevenson Screen rather than on the roof of the building. [4]
(iii) Describe and explain the location of the wind vane and the rain gauge. [5]
(c) The weather often causes problems for people. These include problems caused by:
flooding,drought,tropical storms.
Choose either one of these hazards or any other hazard faced by people as a result of theweather or climate. Describe the problems experienced by people living in areas at risk fromyour chosen hazard. You may refer to examples which you have studied. [7]
rain gauge
Stevenson Screen
wind vane
© UCLES 2006
10
0460/01/O/N05
5 (a) Study Fig. 8 which shows the distribution of industrial areas in Brussels, the capital city ofBelgium.
Fig. 8
(i) Using evidence only from Fig. 8, give one reason for the location of the traditionalindustries. [1]
(ii) Which science park is located:
A. next to an area of traditional industry,
B. 5 km NE of the city centre? [2]
0 5
km
N
Outer Ring
Road
A10 E40
A7
E19
A4
E411
Out
erR
ing
Roa
d
A3 E40
A201
A1
E19
Ca
nal
Can
al
A12
NEDER-OVERHEEMBEEK
EVERE-BRUSSELS
ST. LAMBRECHTS-WOLUWE
MIJLEMEERSCH
Z Y X
RotterdamAntwerp
Cologne
Luxembourg
BrusselsNationalAirport
Paris
Key:
City Centre
EU headquaters
Embassies, departmentsand head offices
Zone of traditional industries
City boundary
Canal
Major routeways(motorways/autoroutes)
Other main roads
Science parks
University
© UCLES 2005
11
0460/01/O/N05 [Turn over
(iii) Study Table 1 which shows the different locations in Brussels which a firm makingelectrical components has occupied in recent years. These are labelled on Fig. 8 as X, Yand Z.
Table 1
Suggest three reasons why the firm moved from location X to location Y in 1987. [3]
(iv) Using information from Fig. 8 and Table 1, suggest reasons for the location anddevelopment of science parks in Brussels. [4]
Question 5 continues on page 12
Date Place Area Employees Work area Land value per m2
1979
1987
2000
X
Y
Z
140m2
325m2
65000m2
13
70
600+
Room abovegarage Very expensive
Expensive
Less expensive
Old existingbuilding
Purpose built building in a science park alongside a motorway
© UCLES 2005
12
0460/01/O/N05
(b) Study Fig. 9 which shows where major manufacturers assemble cars in Eastern Europe.
Fig. 9
(i) Suggest reasons why some of the world’s major manufacturers have located carassembly plants in Eastern Europe. [3]
(ii) Explain why the building of new car assembly plants would be welcomed in countriessuch as these. [5]
(c) Describe and explain the factors which encourage the development of craft industries. Youmay refer to examples which you have studied. [7]
Poland
WarsawFSO/DaewooLublinDaewooBielsko BialaFiatTychyFiat
Slovakia
BratislavaSkoda/Volkswagen
Bulgaria
VarnaRover
Romania
CraiovaDaewooPitestiDacia
Czech Republic
Mlada BoleslavSkoda/Volkswagen
Slovenia
Novo MestoRenault
Hungary
SzentgotthardGMEsztergomSuzuki
© UCLES 2005
14
0460/01/O/N/07© UCLES 2007
6 (a) Study Figs 10A, 10B and 10C, which show information about the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
Lesotho is an LEDC in the mountains of southern Africa. It aims to build a series of dams. These will collect and store water to sell to South Africa, its richer neighbour. Water will also be used at the dams to generate hydro-electric power (HEP).
Fig. 10A
N
NAMIBIA
BOTSWANA
SWAZILAND
MOZAMBIQUE
SOUTH AFRICA
ZIMBABWE
Tropic ofCapricorn
At lant icOcean
IndianOcean
Cape Town
Johannesburg
Port Elizabeth
East London
Durban
Maputo
Soweto
BloemfonteinBloemfontein
Kimberley
Pretoria
LESOTHO
O
range River
Bloemfontein
0 150
km
300Keyrivers
international borders
large cities
Fig. 10B
15
0460/01/O/N/07© UCLES 2007 [Turn over
0
km
50
Orange River
Mak
halen
g Rive
r
completed2003
Katsecompleted
1997 Mashai(2008)
Malatsi(2020)
( )
Ntoahae(2020)
Senqunyane
River
NTO SOUTH AFRICA
Key
dam name
plannedopening date
water transfertunnel
river
reservoir
country boundary
Mohale
Senqu Riv
er
Mad
ibam
utsu
Rive
rTsoelike(2017)
Fig. 10C
(i) Identify a dam in Lesotho which has already been built. [1]
(ii) The building of the Malatsi Dam by 2020 is expected to complete the Project. Briefly describe the planned location of this dam. [2]
(iii) Suggest reasons for the increasing demand for water in South Africa. [3]
(iv) Suggest reasons why Lesotho has enough water to be able to sell to South Africa. [4]
16
0460/01/O/N/07© UCLES 2007
(b) Study Fig. 11, which shows the opinions of selected people about the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
Opposition politician in Lesotho Parliament “Lesotho will be more dependent on South Africa.”
A worker on the dam site
“Lesotho will get hydro- electricity from the dam and tourists will come.”
Lesotho farmer
“The best land for my cattle will be gone.”
Minister of Energy
“Hydro-electric power is far cleaner than other forms of energy.”
Lesotho government spokesman“We will have many new roads and jobs,and money to spend on educationand health.”
Environmentalist “It will do permanent environmental damage.”
Fig. 11
(i) Describe the advantages of using hydro-electric power (HEP), rather than other sources of energy. [3]
(ii) Explain the positive and negative effects which the Highlands Water Project will have on Lesotho. [5]
(c) Water and air may be polluted by human activities.
Name an example of a place which you have studied where either the air or the water is polluted. Describe the causes of this pollution and its effects on people and the environment. [7]
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1(b) Photograph A S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 1(b) Photograph B S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 2(b) Figs 3A, 3B & 3C; S. Sibley © UCLES.Question 4 Fig. 7A © David R. Barker; ‘Fuel Fears: Storm threatens oil production - petrol prices could rise further’; San Francisco
Chronicle, 30 August 2005.Question 5 Fig. 9 © Christian Aid.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.