IGP-4IGP-4

Low productivity (Rice-Wheat 4-5 t/ha) - low to medium potentialPoor investment in infrastructure Medium-high precipitationHigh potential for cold water fisheries and livestockDegradation of Land and water resourcesDeficient human capital combined with high out-migrationDownstream environmental constraintsLow population density

Low productivity (Rice-Wheat 4-5 t/ha) - low to medium potentialPoor investment in infrastructure Medium-high precipitationHigh potential for cold water fisheries and livestockDegradation of Land and water resourcesDeficient human capital combined with high out-migrationDownstream environmental constraintsLow population density

High Productivity (R-W: 8-12 t/ha) - Food surplus region High investment in infrastructureMajor inputs of fertilizer and waterLow - Medium rainfall, Low per capita water availabilityOver exploitation of ground water (>80 %)Well developed irrigated network Secondary salinization Severe ground water quality hazardsSevere to moderate drought prone areasIn-migration of labourMedium-high population density

High Productivity (R-W: 8-12 t/ha) - Food surplus region High investment in infrastructureMajor inputs of fertilizer and waterLow - Medium rainfall, Low per capita water availabilityOver exploitation of ground water (>80 %)Well developed irrigated network Secondary salinization Severe ground water quality hazardsSevere to moderate drought prone areasIn-migration of labourMedium-high population density

Low Productivity (4-8 t/ha) - Food deficit regionLow investment in infrastructure Low inputs of fertilizer and waterMedium - High rainfall, More per capita water availabilityUnderutilization of ground water (< 20 %)Very few developed irrigation networkCoastal salinity and sea water intrusionModerate water quality hazardsHigh risk of flooding, poor drainage and moderate droughtOut-migration of labour to other regions High population density

Low Productivity (4-8 t/ha) - Food deficit regionLow investment in infrastructure Low inputs of fertilizer and waterMedium - High rainfall, More per capita water availabilityUnderutilization of ground water (< 20 %)Very few developed irrigation networkCoastal salinity and sea water intrusionModerate water quality hazardsHigh risk of flooding, poor drainage and moderate droughtOut-migration of labour to other regions High population density

IGB Potential and ProductivityIGB Potential and ProductivityAgriculture Forestry Fisheries Livestock

Pot Prod Pot Prod Pot Prod Pot Prod

UC L-M L H L-M H L H L

WIGP M-H M-H L L L L H M-H

EIGP H L M L H M M L

AGRICULTURE PROFILE OF THE STATE : AT A GLANCE

Geographical location

Latitude 21º58’10” North to 27º31’15” NorthLongitude 83º19’15” East to 88º17’40” EastElevation from Sea level 53 meter

Total geographical area of the State is 93.60 lakh hect. Land use classification of the State is given below :-

Lakh hect.(i) Forest 6.16(ii) Barren & non-cultivatable land 4.37(iii) Land put to non-agriculture uses 16.35(iv) Cultural Waste land 0.48(v) Permanent pasture 0.18(vi) Area under misc. Crops 2.30(vii) Other fallow (2 to 5 years) 1.41(viii) Current fallow 5.95(ix) Net area sown 56.38(x) Total cropped area 80.26(xi) Area sown more than once 23.58(xii) Density of population 884/sq. km.

CONSTRAINTSLow productivity of Crops in Bihar

Year Paddy Wheat Maize Pulses Oilseeds

State National State National

State National

State National

State

National

1993-1994 14.15 18.88 21.30 23.80 21.50 16.02 7.09 5.98 7.05 7.00

1994-1995 13.52 19.11 21.08 25.59 20.61 14.48 7.38 6.10 7.07 8.43

1995-1996 12.18 17.97 20.06 24.83 20.14 15.95 6.15 5.52 6.84 8.51

1996-1997 15.95 18.82 22.09 26.79 22.35 17.20 8.35 6.35 6.35 9.26

1997-1998 14.90 19.00 19.61 24.85 19.72 17.11 7.29 5.67 7.38 8.16

1998-1999 14.54 13.21 20.91 25.90 19.54 17.55 9.10 6.34 8.55 9.44

1999-2000 15.43 19.90 22.03 27.59 22.37 17.85 7.96 6.30 7.32 8.56

2000-2001 14.89 19.27 21.73 27.42 24.54 18.06 8.35 5.53 7.44 7.90

2001-2002 14.65 - 20.65 - 25.04 - 7.88 - 7.28 -

2002-2003

Last estimate

13.66 - 19.00 - 21.09 - 7.78 - 7.28 -

2003-2004

Third estimate

14.90 - 20.34 - 22.74 - 8.53 - 8.11 -

Low level of Input Use(Per Hectare consumption of fertilizer)

Year 2001 – 2002

Sl.

No.

State Fertilizer Consumption

(N:P:K)/hect.

1 Haryana 155.68

2 Punjab 173.38

3 Uttar Pradesh 130.44

4 Andhra Pradesh 143.47

5 Bihar 87.39

0

50

100

150

200

Haryana Punjab UttarPradesh

AndhraPradesh

Bihar

FertilizerConsumption(N:P:K)/h

Low level of Consumption of Electricity (MKWH)

Sl.

No.

State Consumption

of Agricultural

Purposes

Total

Consumption

% Share of

Agriculture

1 Andhra Pradesh 11748 27100 43.45

2 Bihar 1549 11485 13.52

3 Punjab 5534 19441 28.47

4 Haryana 5635 10051 45.12

5 Uttar Pradesh 5260 25732 20.44

Low level of Procurement of Foodgrain

(Unit : In Thousand MT)

Sl.

No.

State 2002 – 2003 2003 – 2004

Wheat Rice Wheat Rice

1 Punjab 9880 7939 8938 8626

2 Uttar Pradesh 2110 1360 1213 2115

3 Haryana 5888 1325 5122 1324

4 Bihar 41 158 1 186

Basic economic features:Basic economic features: Bihar vs India Bihar vs India

Item Bihar India

Agriculture as % of GDP (1997-98) 43.8 26.5

Rural population as % of total population (2001)

89.5 72.2

Human population density (per sq. km) 1991

2001685

880

267

324

Livestock density (per ha.) 1992 census

2.85 1.84

Income, Poverty and Literacy Income, Poverty and Literacy status in Bihar vs Indiastatus in Bihar vs India

Particulars Bihar (Rs.)

India (Rs.)

Per capita income (at 1993-04 prices) 3574 8941

Per capita agricultural income (at 1993-94 prices)

1508 2552

Value of output from agriculture per ha. (at 1993-94 prices)

5939 11839

Rural poverty (1999-2000) 40.07 % 27.09 %

Literacy 34.73 % 52.21 %

Growth rates of major crops in Bihar Growth rates of major crops in Bihar (Area (Area in 000'ha, in 000'ha, Production in MT and Yield in Tonnes /ha.)Production in MT and Yield in Tonnes /ha.)

Crops Particulars 1980-90 1990-99 1980-99Rice Area 0.56 -0.89 -0.56

Production 4.06 6.75 2.87Yield 3.48 7.71 3.45

Wheat Area 1.01 3.13 4.38Production 3.74 4.92 2.15Yield 2.70 1.74 0.72

Maize Area -2.65 3.70 0.72Production 3.83 3.13 5.42Yield 6.66 -0.55 4.66

Potato Area 0.88 1.58 1.30Production 3.17 -1.75 2.05Yield 

2.27 

-3.29 

0.74

Sugarcane Area 0.68 -1.63 0.41Production 6.23 -5.03 2.51Yield 5.50 -3.45 2.09

Moong Area 1.40 -2.49 -0.16Production 0.54 -3.46 -0.58Yield -0.85 -0.99 -0.42

Pigeonpea Area -4.80 -0.98 -2.87Production -2.87 -4.04 -3.20Yield 2.03 -3.08 -0.34

Agroclimatic zones of BiharAgroclimatic zones of Bihar

The state falls in the middle-Gangetic plains region. It is sub-divided into three agro-ecological sub-zones. These are, Northwest Alluvial Plains (Zone-I). North-East Alluvial Plains (Zone-11) and South Bihar Alluvial Plains (Zone-Ill A and III B).

Ground water resources and Irrigation potential in Bihar (1995)

SI. No

Particulars Zone-I Zone-H Zone-Ill Bihar

1. Total Ground water resources (MCM) 10714.15 6544.33 10791.46 26049.94

2. Utilizable groundwater resources (MCM 9107.34 5562.72 9323.77 23993.83

3. Net Annual Draft (MCM) 2414.85 1093.72 1837.28 5345.85

4. Ground water Balance (MCM) 6692.49 5459.00 7486.49 18647.98

5. Stage of Ground water development and category

56.51 (White)

19.66(White)

19.70 (White)

22.28 (White)

6. Net Irrigation requirement (M) 0.65 0.65 0.45 1.75

7. Potential created upto March' 95 371510 170537 389198 931243

8. Additional Irrigation after full exploitation (ha)

1029575 705981 1670023 3405579

9. Ultimate Irrigation potential 1401085 876518 205922 4336824

Zone-wise and source-wise Gross Irrigated Area in Bihar Zone-wise and source-wise Gross Irrigated Area in Bihar ( Year -1998 ) (Area in 'OOOha)( Year -1998 ) (Area in 'OOOha)

SI. No.

Source Zone-I Zone-II Zone-III Bihar

1. Canal 277.26 (20.49)

159.79(17.17)

840.77 (37.35)

1277.82 (28.18)

2. Ponds & Tanks 

102.24(7.56)

5.63 (0.60)

38.3(1.7)

146.17 (3.22)

3. Electric tube wells 56.47 (4.17)

15.31 (1.65)

309.85(13.77)

381.64 (8.64)

4. Diesel tube wells 801.59(59.24)

687.62 (73.90)

561.26(24.94)

2050.47 (45.22)

5. Wells 7.33 (0.54)

1.44 (0.15)

15.82 (0.70)

24.58 (0.54)

6. Other sources 108.26 (8.0)

60.72 (6.53)

484.86) (21.54

653.84(14.42)

7. Gross Irrigated Area 1353.16 930.51 2250.86 4534.52

Agro-ecological characteristics of Bihar (Area in Agro-ecological characteristics of Bihar (Area in '000 ha.)'000 ha.)

Agro-ecologica

l Zone

Geogra phical Area

Net sown Area

Cropping Intensity

Rainfall

Soils and topography Population density

Animal density

Literacy

Poverty

I 3261 2153 142.17 1122 Heavy textured sandy loam to clayey, medium, acidic, flood prone.

1073 2.73 45.20 50.83

II 1986 1255 158.43 1387 Light to medium textured slightly acidic, sandy loam to salty clay loam with saline/ alkaline patches.

518 1.52 37.98 53.35

III 4112 2195 135.11 1104 Old alluvium sandy loam to clayey, large tal and Diara area. Slightly alkaline patches.

1065 3.83 55.01 42.07

Bihar 9360 5603 143.05 1234   880 2.83 47.42 48.05

Thanks

Summary of agro-ecological situations of Patna DistrictSummary of agro-ecological situations of Patna District

SI.No.

AES Soil characteristics Principal crops as % of gross cropped area in the AES

Major cropping system

1 AES-I Tal land

Heavy soils, clay loam to clay in texture. Deep cracking in summers.

Maize-1.2 Paddy-0.1 Lentil 70.08 Gram- 2.6 Oilseed-5.3 Wheat-9.2 Lathyrus-10.3

Fallow-Lentil Fallow-Gram Fallow-Lathyrus Fallow- Oilseeds Fallow-Wheat Maize / Paddy-Wheat

2 AES-II Diara land

Rain fed /irrigated light soils (Sandy loam to loam).

Maize -50.5 Arhar-9.7 Cucurbits-15.3 Wheat-45.3 Maize-21.8 Potato-12.6 Vegetable-5.2 Linseed- 3.2

Maize-Wheat-Fallow Maize-Potato-Fallow Maize-Vegetable-Cucurbits Cucurbits-Wheat Cucurbits-Maize-Oilseeds

3 AES-III Jalla land

Medium heavy to heavy soils, clay loam to clay in texture.

Paddy-20.1 Maize-10.3 Vegetables-8.8 Wheat-20.2 Lentil-19.8 Gram-10.3 Onion-40.5 Potato-35.2

Paddy-Wheat-Onion Maize-Potato-Onion Vegetable-Wheat-Onion Paddy-Gram-Potato

4 AES-IV Irrigated plains

Medium to heavy soil.

Rice -95.2 Wheat-35.33 Lathyrus- 9.73 Gram-3.32 Lentil-25.52 Potato-12.36 Vegetable-1.36 Maize-2.88 Linseed-1.3 6 Mustard-1.2 Baseem-2.5 Pea-5.0

Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Lathyrus Paddy-Potato-Moong Paddy-Wheat-Paddy Fallow-Potato-Paddy Maize-Oilseed-Vegetable Vegetable-Wheat-Vegetable Paddy-Berseem5 AES-V

Rainfed plains

Medium to heavy soil.

Rice-95.0 Wheat-50.5 Lathyrus- 2.3 Gram-3.7 Lentil-39.7 Maize-2.7 Linseed-1.2 Mustard-2.7

Paddy-Wheat Paddy-Lentil/ Gram / Lathyrus Paddy-Maize Paddy-Mustard Paddy-Linseed

Administrative setup of Patna districtAdministrative setup of Patna district

Sl.No

Subdivisions

Blocks attached to them

1. Patna Sadar Patna Sadar, Phulwarisharif, Sampatchak

2. Patna City Fatuha, Khusrupur, Daniyanvan

3. Danapur Danapur. Bihta, Maner, Naubatpur

4. Masaurhi Masaurhi, Dhanarua. Punpun

5. Paliganj Bikram, Dulhinbazar, Paliganj

6. Barh Bakhtiarpur, Athamalgola, Belchi, Pandarak, Barh, Mokama,Ghoswari.

5 AES of Patna District5 AES of Patna District

Agro-ecologically South Bihar Alluvial Plains Zone III B is spread south of river Ganga. Physiographically it is almost plain alluvium, but to the south of the natural levee of Ganga, there is a parallel stretch of Diara land receiving flash floods. At the eastern end of the district there are stretches of Tal lands where backwaters of Ganga River stagnate in low lands during Kharif season floods, between September-December every year. Tal lands extend from Fatuha to Mokameh blocks in the district, where most natural drainage systems, i.e., rivers from south, simply vanish.

Block wise Cultivated Area (Ha.) in Different AES of Patna Block wise Cultivated Area (Ha.) in Different AES of Patna District (in ha.) (2001-02)District (in ha.) (2001-02)

SI. No.

Block Total Cultivated

Tal Land

Diara Land

Jalla Land

Irrigated Land

Unirrigated Land

    AES-I AES-II AES-III

AES-IV AES-V Area

1 Patna Sadar Nil 277.00 2108.50

Nil Nil 23285.50

2 Phulwarisharif

Nil Nil Nil 4485.00 3798.44 8283.44

3 Faluha Nil 1840.00 1400.00

2000.00 15523.62 20763.62

4 Masaurahi Nil Nil Nil 4000.00 13168.28 17168.285 Dhanarua Nil Nil Nil 1200.00 11291.59 12491.59

6 Punpun Nil Nil Nil 1300.00 6739.75 8039.75

7 Danapur Nil 1242.06 Nil 1420.70 1579.30 4242.06

8 Maner Nil 4392.30 Nil 2170.40 4417.30 10980.00

9 Bihta Nil Nil Nil 7025.60 4941.44 11967.0410 Bikram Nil Nil Nil 17008.3

93450.49 20458.88

11 Paliganj Nil Nil Nil 13560.33

5811.57 19371.90

12 Naubatpur Nil Nil Nil 10166.82

4357.21 14524.03

13 Barh 4972.09 1364.93 Nil 3900.00 3412.35 13649.37

14 Bakhliarpur 3855.80 2142.11 Nil 2000.00 570.55 8568.46

15 Pandarak 7219.60 1666.06 Nil 1300.00 921.42 11107.08

16 Mokameh 10261.57

3420.52 Nil (2400.00)

3420.54 17102.63

17 Patna District 30209.06

16344.98

3508.50

67637.24

83403.85 201103.63

Tal : o Low-lying area separated from the river Ganga by its natural levee. o Inundated on the onset of monsoons, as the riverbed swells with the

backwaters of the river pond in this area. o After late September, the water starts receding from higher reaches and

drains completely by the middle of December. o The soils are grey, medium heavy-to-heavy in texture, very poor in

drainage and crack widely on drying.o Major crops during Rabi season crops like lentil, and gram with no

crop possible during Kharif due to submergence. o The cultivated land under this segment is 30209.06 ha., contributing

15.02 % land to the district.

Diarao Natural levees of river Ganga or its abandoned channels nearby. o These are subject to flash floods during monsoons, resulting in either erosion or

deposition of soil every year. o Soil is light in colour and texture, well drained and crops are mostly taken during Rabi. o Choice of Kharif (liable to be washed off) and summer (mostly vegetables) crops

depend upon type of Diara. Enterprising farmers are developing irrigation facilities on stable Diaras for crops and some have even gone for orchards like mango, guava etc.

o Parval is an important vegetable crop among cucurbits and farmers are earning from selling its root cuttings as planting material.

o This area is about 16344.98 ha., in the district contributing 8.12 % to the cultivated land.

Jallao These are similar to Tal lands, but are a bit shallower, getting partial

and short duration inundation in parts by the river Punpun and its tributaries.

o Due to its proximity to Patna town, it also receives drainage water of the city.

o Though it is highly fertile, it carries some harmful chemicals along with heavy metals that enter the food chain.

o This area is mostly known for its vegetable cultivation besides pulses and more recently for potato and onion.

o This constitutes only 1.74 % (i.e., 3508.50 ha.,) of cultivated area in the district.

Irrigated Plainso These areas have assured irrigation facilities either through Sone

command system or through state or private owned tubewells. o This part of the district has good, well-drained soils and the farmers

follow predominantly Rice-Wheat rotation.o The private tubewell owners seldom irrigate rice crop. Some

vegetables, spices and flowers are also grown in this area. o The cultivated area under this AES is 67637.24 ha., constituting

33.63 % of the net cultivated area. o Although this area is most affected by extremism and class wars, it

has the highest potential in terms of number of enterprises possible.

Rainfed plainso These have climate and soils similar to irrigated

plains and mainly follow the same cropping sequence by and large but they lack assured irrigation facility.

o Availability of water mostly decides the choice of Rabi crops.

o This covers a significant 83403.85 ha., i.e., 41.47 percent of the cultivated area.

o The AES has immense scope for diversification.