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Categorized topics1) Early Economic Challenges and Responses

Economic Problems in 1960s

What did the government do to solve these economic problems?

External events that afected Singapores economic gro!th

Ed"cation and #ealth care in 1$%&s

'he s"ccess o( the government solving these economic problems

Economic Problems in the 1970s

What did the government do to solve these economic problems?

Ed"cation and #ealth care in 1$&s

'he reason (or the s"ccess o( the government

*) C"rrent Economic Challenges and Responses

Ed"cation and #ealth care in 1980s

+) Early Social Challenges and Responses Reasons (or pop"lation gro!th in 1950s-1960s

Problems ca"sed

What did the government do?

,) C"rrent Social Challenges and Responses

Reason (or pop"lation increase d"ring and a(ter 1980s

Problems ca"sed

What did the government do?

Reason (or an ageing population

Problems ca"sed What did the government do?

Social challenges o( a multi- ethnic society

Why is it important to manage ethnic diversity?

-"llet (orm above . Calibri *,

S"bheadings . Calibri 1/

S"b0s"b #eadings . Calibri 1,

S"b0s"b0s"b #eadings . Calibri 11 2nderline)

3n(ormative text . Calibri 11 Point 4orm)

5rgani6ed text . Calibri 11 7"mber 4orm)

S"b 5rgani6ed 'ext . Calibri 11 Roman 7"merals 4orm)

3mportant !ords . -589

:+ Points (or Essay ??? #ighlight ??? 75' C5743R;E9

Economic Problems in 1$%&s

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1< 2pon separation (rom ;alaysia in 1$%=> Singapore lost its economic hinterland

andjeopardized its hopes for an enlarged domestic marketto absorb the

goods prod"ced by a small b"t gro!ing man"(act"ring sector r"bber or oil> th"s it depended on

entrepot trade (or the last cent"ry< #o!ever> 3ndonesia@s policy o( Con(rontation !ith;alaysia bet!een 1$%+ and 1$%% had s"bstantially reduced ingapore!s

entrep"t trade< Also> more ports near Singapore !ere developed and !e (aced

stif competition (rom them< 'hey traded directly !ith other co"ntries instead o(

sending their goods to Singapore (or re0export Redhill> 'iong -ahr" and 'anglin #alt develop and manage ind"strial estates> and provide medi"m0

and long0term ind"strial Fnancing metal>

electrical and electronics and to"rism garments or electrical goods are

generally cleaner and less poll"tive< 'hey reI"ire little land and these ind"stries are

located in m"lti0storeyed b"ildings or Katted (actories< 'he labo"r intensive

ind"stries are located close to ho"sing estates> in order to attract residents to !orclose to their homes petrolchems> shipb"ilding reI"ire

large areas o( land< 'hese ind"stries "s"ally need large I"antities o( ra! material

and are o(ten dirty and noisy< As a res"lt> heavy ind"stries are generally located

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a!ay (rom residential areas< 'hey reI"ire a good transport net!or and are located

near to the sea to (acilitate the import o( ra! material the govt appointed the Port o( Singapore A"thorityPSA) to control all port

operations< 'he aim !as to "pgrade shipping services the international Airport at Paya 8ebar !as

expanded

contrib"ting 1/H o( L9P

Ed"cation in Singapore in the 1$%&s1< Providing a place (or every child

0Lovernment !anted to provide a place (or every child in a school as the ed"cation

system !as b"rdened !ith large n"mbers o( children beca"se o( high birth rates

0'he government b"ilt more schools

*< -"ilding 7ational 8oyalty

0P"pils o( diferent races seldom got to meet one another> as they !ere sent to

diferent schools race)0P"pils had to participate in a daily Kag raising and pledge taing ceremony

0Activities !ere organi6ed across schools o( diferent lang"age streams to bring

p"pils closer

+< 4ostering Social Cohesion

0'extboos !ere loaned to needy p"pils (rom all lang"age streams

0All government schools !ere provided !ith the same physical (acilities

0Common examination PS8E) (or all primary school p"pils

03ntegrated school !as introd"ced to allo! p"pils and teachers o( diferent race to

be "nder the same school

0 'eaching o( English as a common lang"age !hile also concentrating in the ethnic

lang"ages -iling"alism !as made comp"lsory (or Sec 1)01$%%

Extra0 C"rric"lar gro"ps !ere created to allo! st"dents o( diferent races to bond

07PCC and 7CC0 b"ild loyalty> develop r"ggedness in p"pils indiscriminate littering O improper disposal o(

r"bbish

09eterrents 4ines

0P"blic Campaigns

Problems (aced by Singapore a(ter the

1$&s1) 8abo"r shortage0-y 1$/> as more (actories !ere set "p> there !as a serio"s labo"r shortage

beca"se o( the greater demand (or !orers many developing SEA neighbo"rs s"ch as 3ndonesia and ;alaysia!ere also ind"strialsing< With their large pop"lations> these co"ntries have a big

s"pply o( labo"r So"th orea or #ong

ong , 'igers) < Worers in these co"ntries !ere able to prod"ce better I"ality

goods and services more eGciently

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0As a res"lt> Spore sa! the need to "pgrade the !orers sills and no!ledge to

enhance prod"ctivity the govt anno"nced a strategy that involved a shi(t to capital intensive

ind"stries that reI"ire more machinery and less labo"r Spores man"(act"ring ind"stry has to

innovate by improving existing prod"cts and developing ne! ones chemicals D'C b"ilt special ind"strialb"ildings and (acilities< 3t also has an engineering and man"(act"ring base to

s"pport ofshore and mineral exploration

0D'C "pgrades the b"ildings and in(rastr"ct"re in the older ind"strial estates< 'o

meet the gro!ing needs (or ind"strial land (rom the petrochemical ind"stry> a

cl"ster o( seven islands of the coast o( Singapore is being reclaimed to (orm D"rong

3sland by *&&+< A * m ca"se!ay lining D"rong island to Spore !as b"ilt commercial and oGce (acilities

are b"ilt Eg< Water (abrication pars in Woodlands> Pasir Ris and 'ampines)

0Petrochemical plants located at D"rong 3sland

%) -etter S"pport Services0-esides developing the man"(act"ring ind"stries> the govt also assists in the

development o( the economic in(rastr"ct"re in Spore< Services s"ch as transport>

telecomm"nications and baning (acilities have been "pgraded thro"gho"t the

years< 3n

1$/,> a second r"n!ay !as completed and an air cargo complex b"ilt to increase

vol"me o( exports and imports acco"nting and advertising < 'hese

services are o(ten re(erred to as brain services beca"se they reI"ire a large

n"mber o( highly ed"cated and creative !or(orce the government enco"raged Frms to combine their

reso"rces and expand their b"siness activities to remain at a competitive edge< Eg led by E9-> helped to relocate Singapores investments in

man"(actoring to the nearby areas o( Dohor in ;alaysia and -intan and -atam

3slands o( the Ria" province in 3ndonesia

02nder the agreement> Singapore !o"ld provide the net!or and Fnancial services

(or (oreign investors to set "p their man"(actoring bases in Dohor and Ria" cost o( (orming the economic

triangle !o"ld be lo!

0Singapore and Dohor !ere lined by a 1

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0'he diferent (actor endo!nments in 1$$& bet!een Singapore and Dohor> Singapore

and R3a" !ere complementary to each others economic needs Q good

collaboration

0Singapore !o"ld beneFt as they !o"ld provide "s !ith m"ch needed space>

reso"rces> and !or(orce cheap labo"r) to maintain o"r competitiveness

0At the same time> it !o"ld beneFt Dohor and Ria" by providing them !ith o"rin(rastr"ct"re development> economic gro!th and lessons (rom Singapores

Fnancial expertise as spillover efects in both places experience)

iii) Policy change and government cooperation

04oreign investment policy change> to allo! 1&&H (oreign o!nership o( private

companies and (oreign development o( ind"strial estates in -atam 3ndonesian

government)

0Allo!ed all b"siness negotiations to be done directly !ith the -atam 3nd"strial

9evelopment A"thority -39A)> instead o( dealing !ith the 7ational 3nvestment

Coordinating -oard in Daarta 3ndonesian government)

07e! 3nd"strial estates as !ell as !orers training instit"tes !ere b"ilt in Dohor to

ease the trans(er o( the ;7Cs ;alaysian Lovernment)

03mproved the tranportation in(rastr"ct"re in the Dohor area< ;alaysian

Lovernment)

Ed"cation in Singapore in the 1$&0

1$$&s1) Streaming

0'o cater to the diferent abilities and learning paces o( p"pils

0P+ Streaming later changed to P,) and PS8EPSPE

0Secondary level + co"rses . express> special> 7ormal

0Li(ted Ed"cation Programme !as introd"ced to provide brighter st"dents !ith a

more challenging ed"cation extended syllab"s)

07ormal 'echnical co"rce introd"ced . 7 8evel and they are given a choice to go to

3'E

*) 'eaching ;oral Mal"es

0 A 7e! ;oral Ed"cation Programme !as introd"ced0'o inc"lcate a common set o( desirable moral val"es s"ch as social responsibility

and loyalty to p"pils

0Religio"s no!ledge introd"ced as a comp"lsory s"bBect to rein(orce moral sills

0Civics and ;oral Ed"cation syallab"s replaced it

+) Enco"raging creativity

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0Singaporeans had to be creative and innovative in order to adapt to and initiate

changes

0Schools given more a"tonomy

03ndependant schools introd"ced to allo! Kexibility to determine their o!n criteria

0A"tonomo"s schools also set "p

Ed"cation in Singapore a(ter the

1$$&s

1) Promoting Critical and Creative thining

0Emphasis on no!ledge creation criticalcreative sills ta"ght

*) 2sing 3n(ormation 'echnology

02se o( 3' in school is more common> "sed in cirric"l"m

+) 7ational Ed"cation

0#elp st"dents to "nderstand ho! Singapore s"rvived diGc"lt time and become a

strong and progressive nation> to learn and apply

0-"ilds stronger bonds bet!een st"dents> teaches them responsibility and

commitment to (amily> comm"nity and co"ntry

03ntrod"ced C3P

,) 9eveloping talents

0Elective programmes introd"ced0Co0C"rric"lar Activities introd"ced in secondary schools

=) Comp"lsory Primary Ed"cation

#ealthcare Services in the 1$&s

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1< Specialisation o( ;edical Services Plastic O Reconstr"ction 9epartment at the Singapore Leneral #ospital 1$*)

*< Polyclinics 5ne0stop #ealth Centres 5"tpatient ;edical Care> ;aternal O Child #ealth Care

Conveniently located all over Singapore eg to!n centres

+< 3mprovement in hospital (acilities

#ealth care Services in the 1$/&s

1< Sel(0reliance Rising costs o( health services

'here(ore> individ"al have to pay part o( their medical expenses

Lovt eeps basic health care afordable thro"gh

i) ;edisave Scheme

ii) ;edishield Scheme a health ins"rance scheme

*< ;edical Care (or the 8o!er0income gro"p Class C Wards patients pay less

;edi("nd Scheme Fnancial help to those !ho cannot aford the medical charges

+< ;edical Care (or Senior Citi6ens ;any #elping #ands Approach r"n by !el(are organisations> comm"nity

hospitals> n"rsing homes>etc

0grants by govt< to these organisations to loo a(ter the elderly

,< A #ealthy 8i(e0style0 Ed"cation on physical activitiesdiet

0screening

=< 7ational #ealthy 8i(estyle Campaign 1$$*)

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S"ccess o( Singapore (rom 1$%&s0

1$/&s1) 4avo"rable global events

*) Lovernment good planning and (oresight

+) People o( Singapore

Reasons (or Singapores (ast

pop"lation gro!th

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0Post !ar -aby -oom a(ter WW*> (rom 1

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Reasons (or Singapores slo!

pop"lation gro!th-+n 19753 the fertility rate reached the ideal of 413 #ut thereafter3 it fell

(y 19803 it reached 184

Lovernment1) Efectiveness o( pop"lation control policies

Social1) People tend to marry later d"e to their priority !ith their careers

*) Women are no! given a place in the !or(orce< 9elay in marriage> and

motherhood

+) 'he lac o( childcare helpers and (acilities

Economical1) #igher cost o( living

ro#lems of lo% population

gro%th;anpo!er Shortage1) 4e!er people to !or in the economy to generate gro!th

*) 4e!er men to serve in Armed 4orces

Economical hindrance1) A smaller pool o( talented people d"e to limited pop"lation

*) Ageing !or(orce might afect Singapores competitiveness

-"rden to yo"nger generation1) 'he yo"nger generation !ill be (aced !ith the b"rden o( an ageing pop"lation>

paying taxes> taing care> etcJ

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What did they do?Policies1) 3ncome tax relie( to be given (or Frst to (o"rth child

*) ;onthly s"bsidy (or !oring mothers attending approved childcare centers+) 4amilies !ith three o( more children given priority to b"y a bigger government

Kat

,) ;edisave can be "sed (or hospital and delivery charges (or the Frst to third child

0#o!ever government policies had limited s"ccess< Pop"lation only increased (rom

1

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4all in n"mber o( births

0Relative increase in proportion o( senior citi6ens

#igher li(e expectancy

03mprovements in health care services> medical technology

0#igher standard o( living !o"ld lead to a longer li(e

#o! can the elderly help in the

co"ntry?0;ore senior citi6ens have at least secondary ed"cation> th"s they !o"ld have the

no!ledge and sills to help o"t a(ter retirement> there(ore the governmentextended retirement age (rom %& to %* that are "nable to

s"pport themselves)

'ax Relie(

0'ax payers can claim an income tax ded"ction (or taing care o( grandparents

contrib"ting to their o!n or elderly dependants CP4 retirement acco"nts no

one has advantage over another

*) Sa(eg"arding minority interests

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0;inority Representation

Eg< Presidential Co"ncil o( ;inority rights> ens"res no gro"p is disadvantaged !hen

a la! is passed o"t

Eg< Lro"p Representation Constit"ency states that it m"st have at least one o( the

candidates is (rom a minority racial gro"p> ens"res that minority gro"ps are

represented in Parliament0Sel( #elp Lro"ps

Eg< C9AC> S379A> ;E79A3> E2RAS3A7 Association> to help members o( their

comm"nity !ho are less (ort"nate> and help the !eaer st"dents in st"dies create common space thro"gh programmes lie home stay

opport"nity (or a st"dent !ith a host (amily (rom another ethnic gro"p

05pport"nities ofered by ed"cational instit"tesEg< CCAs> to promote closer bonds bet!een yo"ths o( diferent ethnic gro"ps

0Common living space provided by p"blic ho"sing

Eg< Ethnic integration policy> that limits proportion o( races in every neighbo"rhood

and bloc to ens"re even distrib"tion o( races

03nter0Racial ConFdence Circles and #armony Circles> !hich organise long term

basis activities to (oster greater "nderstanding among diferent ethnic gro"ps

07ational Service> allo! men to strengthen bond thro"gh military training

*< ;anaging perceptions o( diferent religio"s

gro"ps

1) 4or the government #andle !ith care0;ight lead to tension> !hich !o"ld res"lt in riots> stries Eg< ;aria #ertogh)

+< 'hreats (rom external (orces1) Strengthen military sec"rity

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0External (orces> s"ch as D3> !o"ld ca"se panic and irrational (ear that !o"ld

segregate the races

Why is it important to manage ethnicdiversity1) Sec"rity and peace

*) Economic progress0Progress only possible !ith peace and sec"rity

0#elp in to"rist ind"stry