1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 MM- CO MECO EECO 0 10 -10 Age (Ma) Panama Acre 0 80 RM genera 0 40 RM fam. 100 300 III II I 0 taxa 0 10 FM spp. 0 60 PM spp. III II I PETM Pozo System Pebas System TEE periods of intensified Andean uplift Alpine Montane Pre-montane Lowland Mixed elevations 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Molluscs Crocodylians Mammals Pollen Global temp. (°C) Geological events (a) (b) nMSP GAAR Plants Insects Mammals Amphib. F R Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 10 0 10 taxa f/p
