Barnum, Robert C. "Strategic Hamlet: The Rural Foundation," Milito;ry Polwe Jowrnal, XIII, December 1963, 14-16.

Bowen, Thomas W. "The Misunderstood Man," Army, XV, Aug, ust 1964, 41-44.

Brown, Thomas K. A Model fOT the Eoonomio De1Jelopment of the Re'{J1iblwof vwtnwn. Provo: Brigham Young University, 1963.

"Budget of Viet-Nam," InteTnatiorwl Fi1U1lMial New8 SU1'1Jey, XIII, June 23, 1961,189,190.

Bui Van Thinh. "Central Banking in Viet-Nam." Chapter 11 in S. Gethyn Davies (ed.), CentTal Batrtkitng itn South a;nd East Asia. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.

"Busy Week for Ky'-and Troops," Newsweek, LXVI, Septembel' 20, 1965, 44, 47.

Chinese FCA Technical Mission. "Report on TechnicaLSer:vice to Farmers' Cooperative Associations in Vietnam (March 1 to April 30,1963)." Saigon:n..d. (mimeo.).

"Correl!.tion entre III, masse monetaire, lea credits a Peoonomie et les avances a Petat," Kimlt.-te tap-8an (Bnlletin economique), X, March 1964,17-31.

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"Economic Progress in Viet-Nam," International FVnanoial NeW8 SU1'1Jey, XIII, August 18, 1961, 254, 255.

"Evclution monetaire en 1962," Kitnh-te tap-8an (Bulletin econom­ique) , IX, February 1963, 11-14.

"Financial and Economic Reforms in Viet-N am," I ntemational Finan­cial N e!W8 SU1'1Jey, XIV, JrulUary 19, 1962, 19, 20.

Fishel, Wesley R. "American Aid to Vietnam," Ourrent HUitOT1/, XLIX, November 1965, 294-299.

The FOTe8ts of FTee Viet-Nam: A P1'eUminary Sftudy fOT OTganwa­tian, PTOteotWn, Poliey a;nd P1'oduction. With It foreword by Thomas W. McKinley, Forest Resources Advisor, United States Operations Mission to Vietn/lm. Saigon: USOM, March 1957.

"France in South Vietnam," A8iam. Re1JWw, LV, January 1959, 62-64. Hendry, James. B. "American Aid in Vietnam," Pacifio Affai1'8,

XXXIII, December 1960, 387-391. Hickey, Gerald C. "Making It· On ·the Mekong," Ra;ndom NeAJJ8,

September 1964, 2-6. "Industrial and Financial Development Co. Set Up," Vwtnwm P1'e88,

Bulletin No. 218, December 17, 1961, 7. "Industrial Development Center's Contributions to Local Industry."

NfMIJ f1'fYTYb Vietnam, X, October 1961, 16, 17. "Industrial Development in Viet-N am," InteTnatwnal Fitnancial N eW8

SU1'1Jey, XIII, October 20, 1961, 33. 481

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Finanoe, XIV, No. 3-4, 1959, 236-247. Lindley, Ernest K. "An Ally Worth Having," Newsweek, June 29,

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economique), XI, June 1965, 8~ 12. McAleavy, Henry. "Dien in China and Vietnam," JOIJJl"fIul of Asiam,

Studies, XVII, 1957-58. Mecklin, John. M issian in Torment. Garden City: Doubleday, 1965. "Mekong Committee Endorses Five Year Development Program,"

Viet NOJIn, No. 61, June 25, 1965, 18.

482

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___ . "L'Evolution monetaire depuis 1955 a.ud les perspectives d'avenir," Kitnh-te tap-srun (Bulletin economique), IX, November­December 1963, 9-14 ..

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488

Section IV. National Security

RECOMMENDED FURTHER READING

Among the souroos consulted in the preparation of this section, the following are recommended as additional reading on the basis of quality and general availability.

Browne, Malcolm W. The New Face of W 1lR'. Indianapolis: Bobbs­Merrill, 1965.

Buttinger, Joseph, The SrrUitler Dragon: A Politieril HiBtO'l'1/ of Vietnam. New York: Praeger, 1962.

Corley, Francis J. "Freedom in Indo-China: A Review Article," Paeific Affai11'8, XXXIV, Winter 1961-62, 315-380.

___ . "The President in the Constitution of the RepUblic of Viet­Nam," Pacific AffroVr8, XXXIV, Summer 1961, 165--174.

Fall, Bernard B. The Two Viet-NaJm}8: A Politieril 0JTUt MilitOll'Y Analy8iB. (Rev. ed.) New York: Praeger, 1964.

Fishel, Wesley R. "The Eleventh Hour in Vietnam," A8ian Swrvey, V, February 1965, 98-107.

Halberstam, David. The Maicing of a Quagmire. New York: Ran­dom House, 1964.

Jordan, Amos A. F O'I'eign Aid 0JTUt the Defense of SlMtheaRt A8ia. New York: Praeger, 1962.

Kahin, George McTurnan (ed.). Government 0JTUt P oUtW8 of S outh­eaRt A8ia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1962.

Lancaster, Donald. The EmarwipaJ;ion of FrMWh Indoahina. Lon­don: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Mecklin, John. MiB8ion in Torment. Garden City: Donbleday, 1965. Newman, Bernard. Background To Viet-NIlIm. New York: The

New American Library, 1965. Republic of Vietnam. Information Printing Office. Eight Year8 of

the Ngo Dilnh Diem AdminiBtratien, 1954-1961&. Saigon: 1962. ___ . Seven YellR'8 of the Ngo Dink Diem AdminiBtratWn, 1954-

1961. Saigon: 1961. Republic of Vietnam. National Institute of Administration. Re­

search and Documentation Division. Supplement to Government Organisation Manuril, 1M7-1958. Saigon: 1960.

___ . Viet Nam Government Organization Manuat, 1957-1958. Saigon: 1958.

489

Scigliano, Robert G. "Vietnam: A Country at War," A8ian SWl'Vey, III, January 1963, 48-54.

Scigliano, Robert G., and Fox, Guy H. Teclllnioal A8BiBtIJJJWe in Viet­'lU1Im: The Michigan State U'fIIimerBity EaJperienoe. New York: Praeger, 1965.

Shaplen, Robert. The L08t Revo/;u,tion. New York: Harper and Row, 1965.

Sloane, Charles F. "More About Vietnam," Police Ohief, XXV, March 1958, 16-32.

___ ,. "The Police in Vietnam," Police Ohief, XXV, January 1958, 12-24.

___ . "Vietnam Continues to Reorganize," Police Ohief, XXV, February 1958, 22-32.

Trumbull, Robert. The Scrutable EO!8t. New York: David McKay, 1964.

U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affa;irs. Office of Pub­lic Services. A Threat to the Peace: North Viet-Nam'8 Effort to Oonquer South Viet-Nam, Pts. I and II. (Department of State Publication 7308, Far Eastern Series 110.) Washington: GPO, 196-1.

U.S. United States Operations Mission to Vietnam. Public Safety Division. National Police Plan for V iet'lUllm, by Frank E. Walton. Saigon: USOM, 1964.

___ . The Police anu1 Re80'1J11'Oe8 Oontrol in Oownter-/nswrgenoy, by E. H. Adkins, Jr. Saigon: USOM, 1964.

Warner, Denis. The Last Oonfucian: Viet'lUllm, Southeast Asia arvl the West. Baltimore: Penguin. Books, 1964.

OTHER SOURCES USED

RepUblic of Vietnam. Embassy in Manila. The Republic of Viet­Nam. Manila: 1962.

Republic of Vietnam.' Embassy in Washington. Viet-Nam at the Orossroads of Asia. Washington: n.d.

"Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces Medical Services." Saigon: n.pub., n.d. (typewritten copy).

Scigliano, Robert G. Stmth Vietnam: Nation Under Stre88. Boston: Houghton MilBin, 1964.

Tonan.isia yorQJTl; 1964 wham, (General Survey of Southeast Asia, 1964 Edition). Tokyo: Tonan Azia Chosaki (Southeast Asia Re­search lnstitute), 1964. (Tmnslated by the U.S. Department of the Army from Japanese.)

Tonan azia yoran 1986 nenhan (Ganeml Survey of Southeast As.ia, 1965 Edition). Tokyo: Tonan Azia Chosaki (Southeast Asia Re­search Institute) , 1965. (Translated bylthe U.S. Department oithe Army from Japanese.)

490

U.S. Department of Defense. Milita,ry Assista,nce Institute. OO'/J/t!Wy Study: RepubUo of Vietnam. Washington: Am.eriCltn Institutes for ~,1965 ..

U.S. Military Assist&nce Comma,nd, Vietna,m. Civil Affairs Division. b!fO'f"J7U1jtion on Looal Level!! of G01Je'l"fllTMnt of Smdh VietnaJm. Sa.igon: n.pub., n.d.

U.S. United States Operations Mission to Vietnam. End·ol-TOWl' Rep01't8. Wa,shington : May-August 1005.

___ . . M onthUy Rep01't. Washington: February 1965. ___ . Economic and Financial Planning Division. Annual, Sta­

tistictilBulletin. (No.8.) Saigon: 1965. U.S. United States Operations Mission to Vietnam. Public Admin­

istration Division. Public AdmJinist'ration Bulletin, No. 15, August 31,1964; No. 18, November 30, 1964; No. 22, April 1, 1965; a,nd No. 24, August 31, 1965.

U.S. United States Operations Mission to Vietnam. Public Safety Division. Briefong Material. Saigon: 1964.

Westerma,n, George F. "Military Justice in the Republic of Viet­nam," Military L(JfIJ) Review, XXXI, January 1966, 137-158.

Woodruff, Lloyd W. Looal AdmJinistration in Viet Nam: Its Future Development. Saigon: Michigan State University Vietnam Ad­visory Group a,nd National Institute of Administration, 1961_

(In addition to the above sources, the following periodicals were used in the preparation of this sectioll: W fUlhington Evening Star, from December 1965 through February 1966; Ohrietiatn Science M oni­t01', from January through March 1966; M a;ncMster GUOJrdiatn, from August 1965 through February 1966; Saigon Daily News, from June through December 1965, a,nd U.S. N 1?JW8 and W 01'74 Rep01't, from J ulle 1965 through Apri11966. .

491

GLOSSARY

AID-Agency fQr InternatiQnal DevelQpment. Annam-N ame 'If fQrmer protectorate fQrming part 'If French IndQ­

china; its area cQnfQrmed rQughly with that' 'If the Central LQw­lands and Central Highlands 'If Vietnam, between Cochin China and TQnkin.

ARVN-Army 'If the Republic 'If Vietnam. bang-See (Jongregation. Biinh X WJjerv--A political and racketeering QrganizatiQn that flQur-

ished during the BaQ Dai regime after WQrld War II. B'!U:l4hist Institute 101' SeffUUvr Affairs-See Vien Hoa Dao. Buddhist Lmy Institute-:-See Vien HoaDao. Oan Lao Nhan Vi Oaah Mang Dang-The RevQlutiQnary Personalist

LabQr Party, PQPularly knQwn as the Can Lao. It was the prQ­gQvernment party headed by N gQ Dinh Nhu, brother 'If the late President NgQ Dinh Diem.

Oao Dai-A religiQus grQUP, cQmmQnly sPQken 'If as a refQrmed Buddhist sect, but in fact it represents a synthesis 'If tenets drawn from several religiQus and philosophical traditiQns. PQlitically active', its center is in Tay Ninh, nQrthwest 'If Saigon, but groups 'If varying sizes ,are found in all the Qther prQvinces 'If the MekQng Delta.

OapSt. Jaaques-See Vung Tau. OARE-CQQperative fQr American Remittances to Everywhere, Inc. OGT--'CQnrederatiQn Generale du Travail (GeneralConfederatiQn of

LabQr). A CQmmunist-led French labor QrganizatiDn. Ohieu Hoi-Lit., Qpen arms. A gQvernment prQgram designed tQ in­

duce the Viet CQng tQ shift their allegiance to the government side. Administered by the Department 'If InfQrmatiQn and Open Arms.

Ooehin Ohina-FQrmer French 'colQny which fQrmed part 'If French IndQchina; its area CQmprised rQughly what is nQW the sQuthern third 'If SQuth Vietnam.

Oolombo Pla.nr---The CQIQmbQ Plan fQr CQQperative EconQmic Devel­Qpment in SQuth and Southeast Asia was published by the CQmmQn­wealth CQnsultative CQmmittee, 'In SQuth and SQutheast Asia 'In NQvember 29, 1950, and was to be effective frQm July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1957. The terminal date was extended to 1961 and later to 1966. The Plan is an internatiQnal cooperative effort tQ assist

493

countries of the area to raise their living standards. Member na­tions in 1966 were Afghanistan, Australia, Bhutan, Burma, CIIJIl­bodia, Canada, Ceylon, India, Indonesia, Japan, Rorea Laos, Ma­laysia, the Maldive Islands, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States and South Vietnam. By mid-1966 no action regarding membership had been announced by the newly formed Republic of Singapore.

Oon SO'Tlr-An island in the South China Sea off the coast of South Vietnam; formerly called Poulo Condore. Well known as a penal island, the site of a maximum security prison and historically as a place for exiling political prisoners. Its status"as a separateprov­ince changed in 1965 when its provincial government was replaced by an admillistrative delegation directly subordinate to the central government in Saigon.

oongregatio'Tlr-The name commonly applied by the French to associa­tions (in Vietnamese, bang) of Chinese in Vietnam. The assooia­tions are based on dialects spoken in the areas in China from which their members had emigrated, and they usually serve 'as focal points for the social, economic and political activities <1f the respective groups.

OSTV."..confederation des Syudicats des TravaHleurs Vietnamiens (Confederation of Unions of Workers of Vietnam). A South Viet­nllJIlese labor organization.

OVTO-Confederation Vietnamienne du Travail Chretien (Viet­namese Confederation of Christian Labor). The largest of the labor organizations in South Vietnam.

Dang Lao Dong VwtNwm-See Lao Dong Pa1'ty. Demaroation LVne-.The line dividing South and North Vietnam. It

does not coincide exactly with the seventeenth parallel but approxi­mates it closely enough so that the terms are used interchangeaihly in many contexts throughout this book.

dh~Ideal truth, especially as taught by Buddha. FA O-Food and Agriculture Organization. A Specialized Agency of

the United Nations. jrano--.-Basic unit of French currency. Annual averages of the ex­

change rate for US$1: from September 1949 to August 1957, 350 francs; from August 1957 to December 1958, 420 francs; from De­cember ·1958 through December 1959,.493.7 francs; on January 1, 1960, the par value of the franc per US$1 was established at 4.937 new francs.

heot0Jl'e-2.471 acres. he--.-Term used to refer to a named descent group,,-a group consisting

of persons able to trace descent from a common ancestor. Can refer to either the group or the name.

n oa n ao--.-A reformed Buddhist sect founded in 1939. Politioally

494

active, it has gained importance as a religious and political force in the Mekong Delta region, especially in the northwestern provinces of Chau Doc and An Giang, where much of its membership is concentrated.

/vuong hOlb-Land set aside; the income from it is dedicated to the support of the Cult of Ancestors.

IBRD-International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. A Specialized Agency of the United Nations.

IOAO-International Civil Aviation Organization. A Specialized Agency ofthe United Nations.

IOO-International Control Commission. A commission appointed under the provision of the Geneva Agreement of 1954 to check on the observance of its clauses by the contending sides.

IDA-International Development Association. A Specialized Agency of the United Nations.

ILO-International Labor Organization. A Specialized Agency of the United Nations.

IMF-International Monetary Fund. A Spooialized Agency of the United Nations.

lnatilJute for the Eroeoution of Dluurma-See Vien Hoa Dao. ITU-InternationalTelecommunications Union. A Specialized

Agency of the United Nations. Lao Dong Party-Dang Lao Dong Viet Nam (The Workers' Party

of Vietnam). The Communist Party of North Vietnam. MAOV-Military Assistance Command for Vietnam. Mat Tr{J/n D{J/n Too Giai-phong Mien-Na;m-See National, Front for

the Liberrotion of South Vietnam. matrilooal----A term used to describe a society in which the husband

and wife, at marriage, take up residenee in the house or community of the bride's parents.

MEDOAP-Medical Civic Action Program. M ekrmg Rimer Projeot-A project for developing the irrigation, hy­

droelectric and navigational potentials of the Mekong River. Pre­liminary surveys were initiated in 191>'1' when Laos, Cambodia and South Vietnam joined Thailand and formed a four-nation Mekong Committee to direct planning for the project. Besides maintaining a year-round office in Bangkok staffed by United Nations tech­nicians, the Committee has held several meetings a year in the capi­tals of the four countries, despite military operations or diplomatic difficulties. By mid-1965, 18 .non-Communist nations as well as some United Nations agencies supplied funds or technical assistance to the Project.

MILPHAP~Military Public Health AsSistance Project of fue United States Army,

495

montagnard-Mountaineer. A French word frequently applied to the ethnically diverse peoples of the Centra.l Highlands region.

mui---Vietnamese word for cape or point. N am-bo-A term initially used to denote the Cochin China area; now

used by Vietnamese, North and s.:.uth, to mean South Vietnam as a whole.

Nationcil F,.ont 10,. the Libemtion of South Vietnamr---Mat Tran Dan Toe Giai·J:lhong Mien-Nam. Commonly known by the English con­traction, National Front, or by the abbreviation NFLSV. A Com­munist political-front organization set up in December 1960 by North Vietnam and used by the Communists to give the appea.rance of popular non-Communist support to their insurgency activities in South Vietnam. Not given recognition or credence by the govern­ments of South Vietnam or the United States.

NFLSV-See National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam. Most often adopted by American journalists.

nuoc mamr-A pungent fish sauce. ong lang-Chinese traditional medicine. Open A1'm8 Pmg,.ann-i:lee OhieuHoi. patnloclil--A term used to describe a society in whidhthe husband

and wife, at marriage, take up residence in the house or community of the bridegroom's parents.

piaBte1'--The basic unit of currency in South Vietnam. called the dong in Vietnamese, it is referred to a.s the piaster in all other languages. The official rate of exchange, established in May 1953, is 35 piasters to US$1. The exchange system was modified in Jan­uary 1962 and a new rate established which, in effect, devalued the piaster. Technically the official rate stands, but a premium of 25 piasters to US$l on purchases of foreigu exchange and a tax of 25 piasters to US$l on piaster sales introduced an effective rate of 60 piasters to US$1. This rate was made wpplicable to all trade trans­actions and to the ordinary transfers. of funds. As before the ·1962 modification, the controlled rate of 73.5 piasters to U\S$l applies to certain specified transfersoffunds.

Poulo Oond0'T'e---8ee OonSon. quoc ng'llr-A system of writing Vietnamese in Roman letters. Orig­

inally devised by a French missionary, it is now the common method of writing the language.

Boogha-Any order or community of Buddhist monks. Sometimes_ used to refer to the total body of Buddhist monks everywhere.

SEATO-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Member nations (Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thai­land, the United Kingdom and the United StateS) are committed to resist aggression- to the treaty area. Established in September 1954.

496

SOFIDIV-Societe Finauciere pour Ie DeveJoppement de l'Industrie au Viet-N am (Financial Company for the Development of Industry in Vietnam). An investment bank in South Vietnam. Created in November 1961.

8fJttg-Vietnamese word meaning stream or river. TOItkin-Name of former French protectorate forming part of French

Indochina; its area conformed roughly to the basin of the Red River Sy,tem.

Iruong too-The head of a lineage. UNESOO-United Natious Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or­

ganization. A Specialized Agency of the United Nations. UNIOEF-United Nations Children's Fund. A Specialized Agency

of the United Nations. Unified Buddhist Ohurch of Vietnamr-Formed at Saigon in January

1964 by a group of Buddhist leaders, the most active of whom were Thicli Tam Chau and Thich Tri Quang; it is the primary organiza­tion behind the Buddhist movement in South Vietnam.

UOV-Union Ouvriere du "Vietnam (Vietnam Labor Union). A South Vietnamese labor organization.

UPU-Universal Postal Uuion. A Specialized Agency of the United Nations.

USIA-United States Information Agency. Its representatives in embassies overseas form the USIS (United States Information Service).

USIS-UnitedStatesInformation Service. See USIA. USOM-United States Operations Mission. Overseas mission of the

Agency for International Development (AID). TJien Boa Dao-The Institute (or High Council) for the Execution

of Dharma, an agency of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam. Also known as the Buddhist Institute for Secular Affairs and as the Buddhist Lay Institute.

Viet Oong-Coudensed from the term Viet Nam Cong San, meaning Vietnamese Communists (sometimes translated as Vietnamese Com­munism). It is the term generally applied to the supporters and participants in the Communist-controlled subversive insurgency in South Vietnam. Communists, including the insurgents themselves, avoid use of the term, preferring to operate under the guise of nationalists.

Viet Minlv-See Viet NamDoG Lap Dong MinI.. Vietnam Buddhist ForGe-The political arm of the Unified Buddhist

Church of Vietnam. Viet Nam Oong San-Vietnamese Communists; usually contracted to

Viet Cong, q.'IJ. Viet Nam DOG Lap Dong Minh-The Vietnam Independence League,

usually called the Viet Minh. A Communist-led organization, rep-

497

q''Ji'1ilelSented as a coalition of nationalist groups, which actively OP1Posifl French and Japanese during World War II and spE,arlleadei

Vlemamlll'" resistance to French rule in the early years the ohina War; in 1951 it incorporated its key elements into the nA"')V\

formed Lao Dong Party. VietnatmNationaJJl8t Party~See Viet NMn QuoaDUJnDUJng. 'Viet NdJm Quoa DUJn DUJng-Vietnam Nationalist Party, formed in .

'. 1927. Commonly known by the abbreviation, VNQDD. It advo·

~.'.ki .. ;i,.:.~.~ .. "., ............. , .... ' .. , ... ca .. ted"t ,p. rogram.. . for Vietn.am similar to that of the Chinese N a· 1l!f(1lft")1~~_$tf ,Party, . the Kuommtang. F'·'~'V'il!tIilithese' word for bay. See 1JWng.

'V1.V~1!xiJtJ.;.Soo Viet N Mn Quoa Dan DUJrtg. 'IJ1ImrVietnam_ word for bay. See vVnh. 'Vttm;g T OJUr-A town on the coast about 75 miles south of Saigon,

formerly called Cap St. Jacques. W.l!lOwWorld Health Organization. A Specialized Agenoy of the

United No:tions. . .fWiIl!lIIlciworld Meteorological Organization. A Specialized Agency

of the United Nations. 'W,n;Mers' Party of Vietnam-See Lao Dong PaTty.

498

INDEX

administrative regions: 212. 218 (fig.

10) Africa: 273-274

Agency for International Development

(AID) : 125. 186. 189. 142. 813. 322.

877, 405, 412; and education, 148,

SOO; and industry, 337, SS9; and

labor movement, 847, MS, 362; and

medical ald. 122. 130-133

agriculture: 318-8115 j credit, 139, 31S,

332, 383; crops (800 alao rice, rub~

ber) ; 121. 811. 313, 327. 828; cultl·

vation, 311, 814; in economy, 12,

307, 310; and education, 150, 151,

312-814 j under French rule, 3, 96,

99 ; and government assistance, 139.

140; an4 labor force,' 65, 66, 347.

353, 354; and montagnards, 62, 64,

74,79,88 agrovl!!e program: 231-232, 328. 333,

834 air force: 427. 430. 432, 437. 446. 449

(fig. 16) air transport: 22. 28. 25 (fig. 7); 378.

874-375; and airfields, 23 (fig. 7),

25. 26. 808. 809 American Federation of Labor·'Congress

of Industrial Organizations (AFL-

010) : 368

Americans: 69, 70, 91; attitude toward,

278. 279; cultural influence, 167;

stan4ard of living, 135

An Giang province: 63

An Boa-Nong Son: industri'al project,

66 An Nhon (Blnb Dlnb) : 24

An Xuyen Province: 90, 148

animal life : 20. 22

animism: 5, 83, 63, 74, 86, 170, 172

Annam: and Catholics, 288 j and Ohi-

nese, 99 j and cultural heritage, 30,

106; description. 97. 98, 100. 145;

and French rule, 1, 8, 10, 45 j his­

tory, 34, 85, 40; 42, 44, 50, 52, 93,

96. 97. 105. 892; and political dis·

260-364 0 - 6~ - 33

unity, 282; and social values, lOS,

191 Annamites : 317

Anti-Oommunist International "Trade

Secretariats (ITS); 861

Archbishop of Saigon: Monsignor Paul

Ngnyen Van Blnb. 228. 889

archi.tecture': -41, 165

armed forces: (8ee also United States,

military aid): 427-488. 484 (fig.

12).485.486 (fig. 18). 487-446. 447

(fig. 14).448 (fig. 15).449 (fig. 16).

450-453 j and Council, 228 j and gov­

-ernment, 393 j and Diem regime,

218, 219 j as political force, 284, 235 ;

and political order, 217 j and popu­

lation, 60

Army: 485. 486 (fig. 18). 446. 447 (fig.

14) art: 160 Associate States of Indochina: 55

Association of Vietnamese Revolution-

ary Youth (Vietnam Thanh-Nian

Oacb·Mang Dong·Obl Hoi) : 47

AUstralia: aid, 6, 489; relations with,

265

BaOut: 411 DR Xuyen Province: 148, 826

Bac Lieu Province: 62

Bac·bo: 52 Babal faltb : 170. 188

Bahnars: 77; as ethnic group, 62, 80-

82 j language, 74, 78; social customs,

75 ; and Viet Oong. 244

balance of payments: 887. 888 (table

8).389; and deficit, 807. 809

Ban Me Thuot: description, lIS, 24, 25,

122 j and montagnara8, 77,· 245,

246; and population, 88. 85. s6 87

bany: 407

banking system: 401. 403-406

banks: 808-309, 346, 402-406 j in Oho

Lon. 870 Bao Dal: 47-48, 226 (table 1) ; and cen·

sorship of the press, 288 j as- chief

499

Bao Dal-Contlnued of state, 2()1; and civil service, 21Q i

ex-emperor, 1; and Geneva Agree­

ment, ~7; and independence, 00-

li2, 54, l%, 57, 200; and labor Code',

851 i and 1'I'WntagnMd8; 76; nation­

alist regime, 410-411; relations

with United Slates, 261

Bien Boa: 21>, 78 Blnh Dlnh Province: 66, 80, 816

Blnh Duong Province.: 141

Blnh Long Province: 8Z Blnh;Nguyen·Loc: 167

Blnh Xuyen Province: 57, U1

birth rate: 60 black-marketing: 185, 425-426

BoHoSu:9 BongMleu: 22 books: 281, 260 boundaries: 2, 9-10

Buddhists: 159, 179-184: and armed

forces, 284 j and educatlo~ 145, 1M,

155, 158 j and government relations,

6t~, 227-229: a.nd hlstory, 88, 169,

170,172-176; and labor movement,

348, 860 j and Diem. regime, 161, 219,

225: as political force, 285-288, 253:

in pOpUlation, 5, 68, 70, 00, 171; and

social values, 191, 195; and student

groups, 242 j and uprisings, 58, 194,

217, 222-22~ 227, 280, 28~ 286

budgets: 392-395: 896-007 (tsble 9):

deficit, 800: military, 430-431

Bul Hoanh: 258 Bul Quang Ohleu: 46

Burma: 18

cabinet: 206-207, 224, 227, 228, 229

cal: 853 Oal San project: 84, 821, 827

Oam Rauh Bay: 25, 27

Oambodla: attitude toward, 278: de­

Scription, 2,' 9, 18, 15, 24, 25, 69 j

and French rule, 1, 10, 96; and

Geneva Conterence, 56 j history,

80, 86, 88; 40, 41, 42 j and "protocol"

slates, 262.: relations with, 266-268,

879 Can Lao (Revolutionary Personalist

Labor Party) : 219

OanTho: 25

Canada: International Control Com­

mission: 258-259 j relations with,

266

500

• Oao Dal faith: 57, 87, 169, 184-186, 189:

and Oathollcs, 239: history, 175:

landownership, 821 j number in

population, 5, 68 : and political

force, 240-242, 411

Oao Hoal Sang: 242

Oao Nguyen Dac Lac: 15-16

Caravelle Group: 220

Catholic: (see aZso refugees) : 187 j and

armed forces, 2M i and education,

158: and family life, 118-119, 160:

'and governroent relations, 172, 219,

222, 225, 227-230, 282: and history,

169-170,174-176: as political force,

217, 288-240, 254 j in population, 5,

89, 68, 70, 171 i and student groups,

242 censorship: newspapers, 225, 281-286;

and campaign speeches, 255

census: 59 Central Executive Committee (The War

Oabinet) : 199, 206-207

Oentral Highlands: and agriculture,

808, 311, 81~ 31~ 820-822,825-829:

and Annam~ a i description, 15, 16,

24, 27, 1.26,'12'8; geographic region,

212 j and labor force, 66: and nat­

ural resources, 338, 887; and popu­

lation, 4, 61, 84; and refugees, 64,

187 Central Lowlands: and agriculture, 314,

816, 820, 825; and Annam, 8 j cli­

mate, 17; desoriptioD, 7, 180; aDd

geographic region, 10, 16, 212 i his­

tory, 818 j population, 61, 62, 68,

69, 807 i port faclllties, 27 i and

refugees, 64, 65; and social rela­

tions, 107, 112

Chaine Annamitique: 2, 12, 17, 24, 814;

geographic region, 10, 15-16 i }X)PU­

lation, 61, 62, 78

Champa Kingdom: history, 80, 85-88,

100 j and montagnM'ds, 12, 84

Chams: 77; as ethnic group, 69, 82, 00-

91 i history, 68, 75, 428, 429; and

language, 70

Ohlna: history, 29-34, 37, 428: and

North Vietnam, 51-54 i relations

with, 27()"271: trade with, 878

Ohlnese (8ee al80 Oho Lon) : attitude

toward, 277; and Communists, 49-

50 j and culture, 2, 3, 9, .1~9, 165;

and education, 158; as ethnic group,

4, 5, 12, 62, 69, 87-89: and family

Ute, 119, 120; history, I, 172; and Kuomintang, 47, 49; language, 69, 71, 89, 145, 160; and medical prac­tices, 1~134; political force, 247, 248; in population, 98-99; and religion, 173; script, 41, 72, 160; and trade, 99, 345, 368, 370, 372

Cblnh Luan : 254 Cbo Lon: banks in, 308; and industry,

26, 337, 338, 340, 341; population, 4, 62, 88, 99, 308; (lnd refugees, 64; and trade, 3M, 367, 369

Cbrlstlanity: 40, 63,170,174 Cbu Lai : 25, 27 clu, ftom: 39, 41, 72,160 Chuong Thien Province: 326 cinnamon: 73 cities: 61 citizenship: and Chinese, 88, 89, 270;

and French, 100; and Khmers, 90 Civil Guard: 412; and budget, 893 civil service: 210-211, 219, 350, 353-

355,357 Civilian Irregular Defense Group: 77,

427,432 climate: 10, l2, 17, 18 (fig. 4), 19 (fig.

5),316 clothing: 138 coal: 22,337-339 coastline: 16, 17 Cochin China: and CathOlics, 238; and

Chinese, 99; colony, 10, 232; and communism, 51; culture, 30; de­scription, 97, 98, 100; oflnd educa­tion, 145, 146; and exports, 378; history, 1, 41, 42, 44 tl, 87, 93, 96, 105, 392, 410; social customs, 108, 191 ; trade, 368

coconuts: 328,329 cotree: 16, 66, 76, 313, 357; export, 328,

329; and land concessions, 318, 320, 326

collective bargaining: 365 Colombo Plan: 275, 379, 386 commerce: and employment, 308; and

labor force, 65, 347 Commercial Import Program: 310,385 communes: 33-34 communications: 2, 20, 44 Communist China: 54,260 Communists: (see also Democratic Re­

public of Vietnam, 80 Chi Minh, National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, Viet Cong, Viet

Mlnb): 49-50; and Buddhists, 238; tnsurgency, 218, 220, 221, 417-418, 430; and peasants, 306; propa­ganda,221,297,299

Con Son Province: 40 concubinage: 111,142 Confederation of Workers' Trade

Unions of Vietnam (ConfM~ration des Syndicats des Travailleurs Vletnamlens-{)STV) : 242, 361

ConfUCianism (see also mandarins): 176-179, 188; cultural influence, 159, ' 160, 163; and education, 144, 145; and family, 115, 192-193; and French rule, 44, 196-197; history. 3, 35--37, 39, 170, 172, 173, 200; and labor movement, 346, 348, 363, 364 ; in population, 63, 70, 171; and so­cial values, 191-192, 194-195; 301-302

Congress of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Vietnam: 203, 205, 276, 432,437

constitution: 201-~, 224, 225, 227; and budgetary ,process, 392, 393; and freedom of the press, 283; and labor organizations, 358--359; and

·'''state of war," 199 Constitutionalist Party: 46 construction industry: 135 consumer goods: 369 cooperatives: 312, 346, 372; and agri­

culture, 332, 333 Coordinated American Relief Every­

where (CARE): HI, 142, 263 copra: 316 cost of living: 135, 232, 236, 310, 348,

361 counterinsurgency program: 6, 7, 409 courts: 207-209 j criminal, 419-423;

military, 451--453; special, 310-311, 409,424

credl t: 404, 406-407 crime: 401, 409, 420-421, 424-426 criminal laws: 421 Cult of the Ancestors: 60, 103, 104, 106,

107, 109-110, 116, 120, 177, 188, 192, 193, 318

currency: 307, 30S-309, 310, 407 custom'S duties: 309,398 Da Lat: agriculture, 328; description,

16, 20, 24, 25, 122; government, 211 ; population, 36, 37, 61, 83, 86

Da Lat Military Academy: 428

501

Da . Nang: and Buddhist disturbances,

217. 287 i description, 22, 24, 2CS,

211 j. demonstrations, 225, 2SO; his­

tory, 40, 41 j and population, 61, 65,

75; por~ 26,27,374

Da Nhlm River: 340, 386

Dal Co Viet: and Buddhism, 178

dams: 125, 340 Dao Phu Quoc: 10, 22, 25

Darl.ac Province: 62, 85 j history, 75;

and montaonard8, 77, 245, 246; and

population, 84

death rate: 60 Demarcation Line: 1, 2, 7, 56, 78, 201,

257, 259, 810, 411 j and description,

9, 10, 16 j and transportation sys­

tem,24 Democratic Republic ot Viet Nam: 51-

52,58,259 Department of Revolutionary Devel­

ment! Rnd rural reconstruction,

207, 312, 386, 431

Dhyana school: 173, 180

Diem: Se. Ngo Dlnh Diem

Dien Bien Phu: 81, 55 diet: 102, 123, 124

Dlnh dynasty: 35

Directory, The: Bee National Leader­

ship Committee

disease: 12Z-124, 126-129: and monta-

gnard8, 81;, in refugee camps, 136

divorce: 111, 142

doctors: 122, 132, 134

Dong Ha : 24, 308

Dong Minh Hoi: and National Assem­

bly, 52

drainage systems: 226, 314, 819, 827;

under French rule, 45: and Mekong

Rlver, 8, 18,.86 Duong Van Minh, Major General: 334:

and censorship, 284, 285 j coup

d'etat, 58, 202-208, 224, 225, 227;

and Revolutionary Military Oom-

mlttee, 202 .

Economic Commission for Asia and the

Far East .(EOAFE) : 275

education: (8ee aZso elementary edu­

cation, mandarinate, schools, sec­

ondary education) : 148-:158: adult

education, 153-154 j mtendance,

144, 146, 147, 146: and elite, 100-

101-; and French rule, 97, 99, 100 i

and lower· class, 102 j and middle

502

class, 101 j in rural areas, 104; and

scholarship funds, 886

elections: 228, 280 j general, 56, 255; and

law,~,205

electric power: 186, 281, 387, 840

elementary education: 143, 146, 147-

149 elite: 70 j and education, 95, 100-101,

152, 157 j and French rule, 00-97;

and landownership, 94-00; and

religion, 171, 187 employers: 358, 354, 868

employment: 63-67

English language: 74, 100, 167; In edu­

cation, 144, 152; as second lan­

guage, 5,92 ethnic groups: (Bee aZBo Americans,

Behnars, Chams, Chinese, French,

Khtrters, montaonard8, .B.hades-,

Vietnamese) : Arabs, 68 j. Blh, 86 i

Eurasians, 69, 91; Europeans, 69 j

Hindus, 68; Hre, 245 j Indians, 63,

278 j Jarai, 62, 74, 76, 77, 84-85,

244, 245; K<ltu, 78-79, 873: KIl, 33:

Koho, 8Z-83, 244: Ma (Oau Ma),

88; Malays, 68; Mnong, 62, 74, 77,

88-84, 87, 873 j Nung, 87 j Paki­

stanis, 6~ 69, 70, 88, 91 j Raglai, 77,

86; Rengao, 74; Sedang, 62, 74, 77,

7()-8(), 873 i Sre, 88; Stieng, 74, 77,

32 Eorope : 4, 266

ex:penditures, government: 809, 395,

896-897 (table 9)

Export-Import Bank: 885

exports: (8ee cUBO rice, rubber): 310,

828, 330, 368-370, 877, 378-380, 381

(table 5), 382-{133

farmers: 307, 810, 318

fertilizers: 20, 22, 185, 139, 311-818, 816,

828 films: 2114, 296, 298

FinanCial Company for the Develop­

ment ot Industry In Vietnam (So­

cl~te Financi~re pour Ie D~velop­

pement de l'Industrie au Viet

Nam-SOFIDIU) : 405

fishing: 16, 331, 382: and credit taclll­

ties, 312, 318; and dle~ 102: and

labor force, 65, 66; resources, 22

Five-Year Plan: 812, 839

floods: 66, 882 i and Mekong River, 13,

824,326

•

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) : 27~

food processing industry: 342, 349, 369 foreign aid: (see also United Stotes) :

26.>-266, 27{)-271, 273, 307, 309, 337, 377, 384-387, 301, 430, 439

foreign debt: 400 foreign exchange: and export licensing,

381--382 ; lowest level, 309; rice, 313; rubber. 329; and system, 392; and United States, 389

foreign trade: (Bee alsQ imports, ex­ports) : 37&-384

forests: 12, 16,20,21 (fig. 6), 61; and products, 73, 312, 33{)-331, 341, 343, 344

France: 51, 53, 100; attitude toward. 4. 277; and Chinese, 88; colonial rule,!, 2, 10, 200-201. 429 ; and com­merce, 368; conquest, 41-42, 43 (fig. 8),44-48; culture, 3, 30, 167; and education, 145, 146, 152; and for-eign aid, 129, 386, 395; Ihdochinn War, 53, 55; and montagll.ard8, 76; relations with, 264-265; and soci­ety, 96, 99; trade with, 377-380; and weltare, 138

freedom of expression: 281, 283-286 French: as ethnic group, 69, 91; and

language,7~71, 74,75,80,82,84,92

French Confederation of Christian Workers (Confederation Frantaise des Travallleurs ChrnUens-­CF'.rC) : 359

fruits: 314

Gautama : founder of Buddhism, 169 Gendarmerie: 418 Geneva Agreement: (8ee al80 Demarca­

tion Line) : 1, 2, 9, 55-57; and elec­tions, 257; and Laos, 268--269; rela­tions with United States, 261-262

geographic regions: 2, 10, 11 (fig. 2), 12-16

Gia Dinh Province: 40, 149 Gla Long: 40, 175, 318 Giai Phong: 251 Giao Chi: 32, 34 Giap: See Yo Nguyen Giap giap: 406 gold: 22

government: 166, 199-203, 264 (fig. 9) ; 205-212, 213 (fig. 10), 214-215; at-

67, 210, 211; leadership, 226 (table 1)

Great Britain: 55, 258, 259, 265 guerrillas: (scc also Viet Cong) : 139,

141,221,323 Gulf of Siam: 66, 266; and resettlement

project, 64, 321

Ha Tien : 22, 24 Haiphong: 48, 53, 198 handicrafts: 166, 167, 308, 311, 344-346;

and labor force, 350 Hauoi: description, 24, 57, 97, 98, 100,

111, 210; history, 44; and Indo­china 'Yar, 53; National Front, 6; regime. 58; and Viet Minh, 201

barbors: 45 Health Opportunity for People Every­

where (HOPE) : medical aid, 130, 132

highways: 22, 23 (fig. 7) ; 24, 45, 308, 369

Hinduism: 169,170, 188 history: 29-58 Ito: 406 Ho Chi Minh: and Communist Party,

31, 49; Democratic Republic, 200, 201; and Geneva Agreement, 258; and Indochina War, 53-55; insur­gency, 439; nationnlist movement, 429; and Viet :\1inh, 50, 51-53

Han Hao sect: 57, 8~, 169, 186, 189; and Catholics, 239; history, 175; landownership, 321 ; and police force, 411; and political force, 240, 242; in population, 5, 63

Hoang Cong Kanh : 161 Hoang Quynh, Father: 238-239 Hoi An : 39, 78 holidays: 3!lh305, 354, 428 Hong Bang dynasty: 31 Hong Kong: 9 hospitals: 129, 132, 138 housing: 15, 100-103, 136, 138; and

1Jwtltagnanl8, 78, 81, 86; and proj­ects, 352; and refugees, 121

Hue: 73, 77, SO, 100; and Buddhist dis­turbances. 217, 222-224, 230, 237; and Catbolic demonstrations, 225; cultural influence, 111; description, 16, 17, 22, 25, 97,98, 145, 167; his­tory, 30, 32, 40, 41, 45, 47, 50, 171; port 26-28

titnde toward, 305 i employment in, Huang: and Buddhists, 236

lIuynh Phu So: 175, 186 lIuynh Tan Phat: 250 lIuynh Van Nhlem: 208

illiteracy: 157 j and lower class, 102 imports: 309, 310, 868, 369, 378, 879, 8BO

(table 4), 8S8 (table 6), 884; since partition, 377 j from U.S., 813

income: per capita, 807 j in rural areas, 184

indepen'dence : 34-39, 50-51, 515-58 India: 9, 80, 258, 259; relations with,

278 Indocbina : 36, 38, 45, 48 Indocbina War: 1, 31, 53, 55, 91, 2:77.

869, 429; and landownership, 817; and refugees, 59, 119

Indocbinese Communist Party: 47, 49, 62,154,96

Indonesia: 272-273 Industrial Development Center: 811,

887,846,405 industry: and employment 308; under

French, 9St 99; a~d labor force, 66, 347, 35Q j and power shortage, 307; In Saigon, 26

Infant Il\Ortality : 81, 126 inflation: 7, 122, 135, 309, 310 insurgency: (866 aZaa Viet Oong) : 58,

98,489-441 International Bank for Reconstruction

'.and Development (IBRD) : 275, 88CS International Control Commission: 56,

258,259,273 International Development Associa­

tlon: 275 International Federation of Ohristian

Trade Unions (IFCTU) : 860, 361, 862

International Labor Organization (ILO) : 275, 851

Int,ernatlooa\ Monetary Fund (IMF): 275,885

international organizations: 258, 276-276

iron deposits: 79 Irrigation: 316, 319, 827 Islam: 170, 188 ivory: 78

Japan: 'attitude toward, 277; and for­eign aid, 386; and independence, 200; and nationalism, 46; occupa­tion, 31, 48-49, 410, 429; relations with, 271-272; trade with, 878, 880

504

Joint United States Public Affairs Of· ftce (JUSPAO) : 295, 299-800

journalists: 288 judges: 207 jungles: 61, 78 juvenile delinquency: 142

Khmers: 153, 180; ethnic group, 4, 5, 12, 68, 69, 89-90; history, 75, 428, 429; language, 69; political force, 245

Khmer Serel (Free Khmer) : 267 Khanh Hoa Province: 65, 85 Kien Hoa Province: 141 kinship: 75, 106, 808 Kompong Cham: 13 Konturo Province: 24, 62, 79, 80, 122 Korea: 271 Krong Kno River: 86 Kuomlntang: 47,49 Ky: See Nguyen Oao Ky labor, compulsory: 357-858 labor force: agriculture, 60, OS; and

Chinese, 99; disputes, 364.-365; and industry, 60; and laws, 351-852; in population, 60; rural, 66, 849; urban, 349

labor unions: 347-848; 358-362; and international ·afllUations, 362-363; as poUtlcal force, 243

Lac Long Quan : 81 lacquer: 73 LalAn: 27 land reform: 189, 818; in Delta, 817-

824; expenditures, 895 landownership: absentee ownership,

44-45, 98; and elite, 94-100; re­form, 310, 311, 817-824; and tenant farmers,3

language: 69-78,92,148, 152,208 Laos: attitude towa,rd, 278; descrip­

tion, 2, 9, 18, 15, 24, 25; history, 10, 42; "protocol states," 262; rela­tions with, 268-269, 879

Le Dlnh Thai: 242 Le Dlnh Thong: 242 Le dynasty: 37..,'J8, 174 Le Thanh·Long : 37 La Van KIm, Major General: 224 Le Van Trung: and Cao Dai,175 life expectancy: 122, 300 limestone deposits: 22 literacy: 144,153,157 literature: 160,161,162 livestock: 325, 329-880

Loan Quoc Sy : 167 lower class: 93, 98, 100-102 Luong Trong Tuong : 242 Luu Quang Thuan : 161 Ly dynasty: 35-86, 173

machinery: imports, 879 magazines: 281 Mahayana Buddhism: 169, 173, 180-

181 Malayo-Polynesian languages: 32. 73-

74, 77, 82, 91 Malaysia: 272 mandarlnate: (8ee aZso Confucianism) :

and civil servants, 86, 200;. and c0-lonial rule. 44, 97, 177, 196 i and edu­cation, 145 j history. 8, 4, 95, 96, 174

mangrove: 20 manufacturing: 337, 389, 341-844; Im-

ports, 877, 888; and labor force, 66 Marines: 427, 480, 487 marketing: 867-869, 871-872 marriage: 110-114, 194; and montag­

narda, 75, 78, 85 Medical OIvlc Action Program: 129-

188,446 Mekong Delta: agriculture, 45, 811,

314, 816. 826-828; climate, 61 j de­scription, 2, 13, 14 (fig. 8),125,126. 128, 180, 290, 870, 874, 432; and

. history, 8, So, 88, 71,429; and labor force, 61, 66 j Rnd landownership, 817-822; and population, 4, 59, 61-68, 69, 90 j and refugees, 64 j Rnd religion, 169, 174, 175, 181, 134, 188; Rnd social cU'stoms, 107, 110, 112, 118; and standard of living, 185 j and Viet Cong, 867, 871

Mekong River: 18, 201, 266. 840 middle class: 98, 98-101 miUtary: and courts, 207, 209. 451-458;

and government. 225, 227, 487-488 j training, 442-444

Military Payment Certilicates (MPC) : 407

minerals: 22, 841 Minh Mang: 160 Ministries of: 7, 147, 896-897 (table 0) ;

Economy 'and Finance, 62, 67, 3tH, 415; Foreign AlI'alrs, 207, 276; Jus­tice, 207 j Social and Cultural Af­fairs, 67, 129, 139, 146, 147, 153, 166 j War and Reconstruction, 7, 231, 205 11'., 276, 286, 895, 482, 488, 458

missionaries: 129, 169, 171, 172, 174: CathOlics, 89, 40 j and mantagnaro8, 78, 79, 80, 82; persecution, 41

Mon-Khmer languages: 82, 78-74, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86, 91

Mongoloid people: 9, 82, 70, 71, 78 monsoons: 17, 827 montagnara8: 12, 15, 135, 157 j and

agriculture, 62, 64, 79, 88, 808, 325-828 j in Central Highlands, 816 j as ethnic group, 4-5, 62, 69, 72-87; and government information pro­grams, 282, 296: and justice, 422, 423 j and landownership, 311, 819, 820, 322, 324 j as political force, 244-247; and religion, 171,188: and trade, 878 j and Viet Cong, 298

Moslems: 68 mountains: 14 (fig. 8), 15, 16 Mul Bal Bung (Co Mau Peninsula) : 15 MulDleu: 16 MulDlnh: 16, 17 Municipal Police: 412 music: 159, 168-164, 167

Nam-bo:52 nam-tien : 80, 36 National Constituent Assembly: 2Q1,

202, 220, 224 National Front for the Liberation of

South Vietnam: 58, 258, 260, 261, 268, 272; and Cao Dal, 188; and montagnara8, 247 j propaganda" 221, 278, 282-288, 299 j and Viet Cong, 250 j World Peace Oonference, 275

National Leadership Committee: 6, 100, 208, 205--207, 229, 284, 276, 482

National LeglslativeCouncn: 228, 229 National Liberation Army: 2, 51 National Lottery: 185-136, 852 National POlice: 409 National Political Congress: 205, 230 National Revolutionary Civil Servants

League (Lien Doan Cong Chuc Cach Mang Quoc Gla) : 219

National Revolutionary Movement (Phong Trao Coch Mnag Quoe Gla) : 219-220

National Security Council: 206 National Security Police: 412-417 national symbols: 3M nationalism: 1, 2, 4, 45-47, 49, IW, 98,

161 j and government, 7, 295 j and Viet Cong, 5, M, 429

505

Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam: 252,253-254

natural resources: 309, 339 Navy: 427, 480, 482, 487, 446, 448 (fig.

15) New Life Hamlet Program: 139 New Zealand: 6, 265, 266, 439; aid, 439 news agencies: 285, 290 newspapers: 225,281,282, 283,284,285,

286, 287 (table 2), 283-289, 297, 424-425

N go Dinh can: unofficial governor of Central Vietnam, 218-219, 222

Ngo Dinh Diem: 6, 47, 48, 57 j armed forces, 234 j agro1JiUe8, 883, 384 j budget, 392 j Buddhists, 194, 288 j censorship, 2S3 j Chinese, 88 j co­operation with U.S., 262; downfail, 6, 161, 217, 218, 224, 227, 235, 286; education, 158 j elections, 255,j for­eign 'aid, 387 j foreign relations, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270, 271, 273 j Geneva Agreement, 258, 259 j in­dependence, 54 i labor unions, 248, 358; landownership, 317 j land re­form, 322, 328, 324; montagnard8, 244 j police agencies, 412 j political pal'ties, 252, 254, 802 j public moral­ity, 142; regime, 5, 57, 58, 201, 218, 222,437,488 j rel1gton, 172, 175, 185, 187, 288, 289, 240, 241, 411 j Viet Cong, 231, 250

Ngo Dlnb Luyen : 219 NgO Dinh Nhu: role in Diem regime j

202, '218, 219, 220, 221, 228, 224 Ngo Dlnb Thuc: 219, 222 Ngo'dynasty: 84-85 Nguol Tbuongs: 4 Nguyen AI Quoc: 49, 50 Nguyen Gao Ky: 6, 208, 205, 226 (table

1);229,23~ 259,270,272, 27~ 448: air force, 446: Buddhist relations, 234, 236 j and Obinese, 248 j civilian leadership, 217;- ,ooDln;muism, 119, 257; education, 144 j foreign aid, 887, 398; foreign economic rela­tions, 271, 276, 278, 377; freedom .of the press, 2815 j government cor­ruption, 237 j Honolulu, Conference, 263; labor movement;'348,859,;866; land reform, 328, 324; marketing cooperatives, 372 j resettlement clraims, 141, revolUtionary develop­ment program, 281

506

Nguyen Obanb Thi, Colonel: 221, 229, 234

Nguyen Dlnh Bach: 253 Nguyen Due: 162 Nguyen dynasty: 40, 174 Nguyen family: 38, 39 Nguyen Hoa Hiep: 253 Nguyen Hoang Bay: 254 Nguyen Huu Co, Lieutenant General:

203,433 Nguyen Huu Tho: 250 Nguyen Khanh, Major General: 77,

225, 226 (table 1), 227-229; and Buddhists, 236 ; and Catholics, 240 ; and foreign aid, 387, 893; and for­eign economic relations, 377; and hamlets, 231, 334 j and labor unions, 358; and land reform, 311, 323 j and political parties, 254

Nguyen Luv Vien: 203 Nguyen Ngoc Tho: prime minister, 224 Nguyen Phan Long: 46 Nguyen Thai Hoc: 47 Nguyen Thanh Phuong: 254 Nguyen Ton Hoan : 253, 254 Nguyen Tuong Tam: 16 Nguyen Van Ouc: 252 Nguyen Van Huyen: 203 Nguyen Van Thieu, Major General:

203, 230; chairman of the Dlr~ctor­ate, 6, 205 j and electoral process, 255; and Honolulu conference, 263 j and montagnard8, 246

NguyenXuanPhong: 351, 352 Nha.Trang: 24,25; port, 26, 27, 65, 374 Nhu, 'Madame: influential role: 218,

220, 221, 228 and Family Code, 142 Nlnh Hoa: 24 Nong Son: 3S8, SS9 novel: 161, 166, 167 nuoo mam: 128, 124, 332 Nur, Paul: 247 nurses: 122, 131

opium: 142

painting: 159,164-165 Paracel Islands: 838 partition: 59 paternalism: 343-349, 868 patrllIneage: 106'-107, 116 peace proposals: 260-261 peasants: as political force, 248-250 People'. Army ot Vietnam: 258 People's Revolution'ary Party: 251, 252

periodicals: 288, 289 personalism: 219 Pham Buu Chuong: 208 Pham Cong Tac: 186 Pahn Boi Ohau: 46 Pahn Chau Trinh: 46 Phan Duy Nhung: 242 Phan Huy Quat: 208, 226 (table 1), 228-

229; and m1I1tary government, 285 Phan Khae SUll: Chief of State, 208,

227 ; and Manifesto of the Eighteen, 220-221,226 (table 1) ; and m1l1tary government, 229, 285

Phan Khoang : 203 Phan Quang Dan: 221 Phan Rang: 24, 68, 86, 90 Phan Thong Thao : 258 Phan Xuan Ohieu, Major General: 228 Ph1l1pplnes: 9, 272 Phnom Penh: 18, 25 Phong Dinh Province: 68, 826 phosphate deposits: 838 Phu Bal: 27 Phu Bon Province: 122, 246 Phu Vlnh: 90 Phu Yen Province: 81'), 816 PhuGe Long Province: 82 phurong: 859 plaster: 401, 402, 407 Pleiku Province: 24, 25, 62, 80, 81, 87 poetry: 159-162, 166 Poland: and International Oontrol

Commission, 258, 259, 278 Pollee Syatem: 410-417 poUtleal disunity: 282-288 poUtleal parties: 217-218; 251-254 polygamy: 108, 111, 142, 198 Popular Force: 409, 418-419, 427, 481-

482,445 population: 4, 12, 59-67 ports: 809 Portuguese: 89 president: 202 Prime Minister: 205--206, 211-212, 214 prisons: 428

public information: and government activities, 295--297

pubUe ut1l1tles : 186

Quan Long (formerly Ca Mau) : 24 Quang Duc Province: 246; and popula-

tion, 82, 85 Quang Hun Kim: 203 Quang Nam Province: 65, 00, 332 Quang Ngai Province: 27, 80; and

refugees,65,141,332,341 Quang TrJ Province: 65 Quang-Trung Emperor: 38-89 Qui Nhon : 25, 26, 27, 65, 874 quoo ngu: 72, 161

Rach Gla : 62, 64 radio: 281, 282, 290, 291 (table 3), 292-

298,295,297-298 rallroads: 22, 28 (fig. 7), 24-25, 45, 808,

374 rainfall: 10, 12, 17, 18 (fig. 4), 19 (fig.

5) recreation: 135-186 Red River Delta: and Oatholics, 238;

history, 82, 85, 36, 42, 71, 105, 172, 178,817; and Japanese troops, 48

referendum: 57-58 refugees: 59, 94, 107, 119, 121, 122, 141-

142, 302, 311, 321, 409; and Cath· olics, 63-65, 171, 172, 176, 187, 188, 192, 288.; employment, 349 i and International Oontrol Oommission, 259 i and labor force, 847, 348 i and landownership, 817; and living conditions, 186

Regional Forces: 409, 418, 427, 431, 445 regions:, (8ee alao Central Highlands,

Central Lowlands) 59,212 RepubUe of Vietnam: 1, 58, 259 resettlement program: 57, 60, 64-65, 94,

100,122,141-142, 311, 821, 848; and ~ontagnard8, 76-77, 81, 82

Resources Oontrol Program: 415 revenue, government: 809, 891-893, 398,

899 (table10),4OO Protestants: 68, 188 provinces: 211-212, 213

215 (fig. 10), 214- revolts: 83,34,47; and ~ontagn-ard8,

76,77 ProviSional Constitutional

202,208 Oharter: Revolutionary Development Program:

199, 281-282, 249 Provisional Gonvention of June 1965:

276 Provisional LeaderShip Oommittee: 227 publle debt: 400

Revolutionary League of Vietnam (Vietnam each Minh Dong Minh Hoi) : 49, 50

Revolutionary M1l1tary Oomndttee: 202

507

Revolutionary Military Council: 202, 224

Revolutionary Personalist Labor Party (Can Lao Nhan Vi Cach Mang Dang) : See Can Lao

Rhades: 76, 77 j as ethnic group, 62, 85-86 j language, '74 j social customs, 75, 120 j toode, 373; uprising, 244 j and Viet Cong, 245

rice: cultivation, 61, 66, 315 (fig. 11) j in economy, 4, 12, 307 j export crop, 26, 307, 300, 313, 369, 377, 378, 380, 382 ; marketing, 370--872 ; and Mekong Delta, 3, 326-327 ; and montagnarus, 79, 83; production, 20, 307, 326-327 j ricelands, 10, 13, 16, 22, 36, 311, 318; and trade, 89, 99, 369; and V!et Cong, 307-308

rivers: (8ee also Mekong River), 13, 14 (fig. 3), 15, 25-26

roads: 24, 308, 309, 368; and agricul­ture, 20; in Central Highlangs, 79

rubber: and Agriculture Code, 351 ; and export crop, 807, 809, 328, 369, 377, 378, 380, 382-383; and labor force, 66; and land concessions, 318, 320, 326; and plantations, 16, 20, 45, 76, 277, 308, 326, 352, 357; and produc­tion, 329

Rural Reconstruction Budget: 394 rural reconstruction program: See De­

partment of Revolutionary Devel­opment; "Revolutionary Develop­ment Program

Rusk, Dean: 257, 260

Saigon: Buddhist disturbances, 217, 287; capital, 57, 808; Catholic demonstrations"225 j description, 2, 9, 17, 20, 26, 100, 106, 124-128, 132, 186, 167, 211, 410, 413, 416; educa­tion in, 149, 210; history, 41; indus~ try, 66; labor force, "60, 65, 98; lan­guage, 70; population, 4, 61, 63, 70, 90; port; 26, 374; refugees, 64; transportaion, 24, 25; Viet Cong, 7

Saigon Post: and Dai Viet, 254 Saigon River: 125 sanLtation facilities: 122, 124-126, 136 scholarship: 157, 160 schools: (8ee al80 education); and

building program, 121, 143, 148, 149 j dropouts, 143; enrollment,143 j priva.te, 152-153; and terrorism, 221

508

script: (8ee al80 ohu nom, quae nyu): and montaynard8, 80, 91

sculpture: 41, 159, 165-166 secondary education: 143, 144, 146, 149,

152,158 skilled workers: 347, 350 smuggling: 425-426 Soc Trang: Chinese population, 62 Social Democratic Party (Dan Chu Xu

Ho! Dang) : 186, 254 Social and Political Research Service

(So Nghien Cuu X-a Hoi Chinh Tri) : 220

social security: 356 solls: 20; in Mekong Delta, 314, 316;

in Central Lowlands, 816 Song Dong N a! R!ver: 13, 83, 125 Song Hau Giang River: description, 13,

15, 20 j and religion, 169; Qnd re­settlement project, 321

Song Sai Gon River: 13, 15, 26 South China Sea: 2, 13, 66, 469 South Korea: aid, 439 Southeast Asia: 9, 60, 121, 128, 273 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

(SEATO): and militarya!d, 6, 257-258; and "protocol states," 261-262 j and foreign" relations, 264, 265,269 j 273

Southern Montagnard Oountry (Pays Montagnard du Sud-PMS) : 76

Soviet-bloc countries: 53 Soviet Union: 31, 50, 258--260; relations

with,265 Special Court: 409, 424 spirits and magic: 64, 70, 72, 75, 81, 84,

117,133-134,162,170,172,174,178, 180,185 .

standard" of Uving: 135, 385 Strategic Hamlet Brogram: 281-232 strikes: 225, 286, 348, 3_ student groups: 223, 228, 236, 242-248 suffrage: 255 , sugar: 329; in Central Lowlands, 16;

crop, 314; and export, 328 superstitions: (8ee <spirits and magic)

Tan Son Nhut A!rport : 25, 26 Taoism": 170, 178 j and Chinese, 5 j and

cultural inlluence,159j history, 172 j in population, 63, 70

tar!ffs: 377-378 taxes: 215, 309, 391-398, 398, 899 (table

10),400 Tay Ninh Province: 63,90,185,186

tea: aDd CeDtral Hlgblands, 16, 320; cultivation, 321); export. 313, 328; and labor force, 66; land conces­moos, 318; and montagnards, 76; and plantations, 357

teachers: shortage, 143, 151-152 tedmlcal employees: 312 television: 282, 293-294 tenorism: 202, 230-233, 262; and labor

uDlons, 361; and montagnards, 76, 77

textbooks: 144,148,166,265 t.P:ltile Industry:: 342--343; employment

in, 349. 357; and imports, 378; and labor movement, 66, 366

Thailand: 13, 25, 40, 41; relations with, 269-270

Thanh Long (IInnoi) : 40 Thanh Tong: 36 theater: 159,162-163 Tbcrtwadn Buddhism: 169.180--181, 186 Thich no Giae : 237 Thich Tnm Chau: lender ot Buddhist

movemen t, 2"22. 225, 236, 231 Tbich Thien Minh: 237 Thich Tinh Khiet : 223,225,236, 237 Tbich Tri Quang : leader ot Buddhist

mO\,{~lllent. 222, 223, 225. 230, 236, 237; and political parties, 253

Thieu Tri : 160 Thuongs : 4--U tobacco: 16 Ton That Dillh, Mnjor General: and

coup d 'etat: 224 Tonkill: lind Chinese, 09; and elite

society. 07, 08, 100; history, 10, 30, 42, 44, 45, 50, 03; and industrial development, 338; and political dis­unity, 232; and social customs. 108, 145; and Viet llinh, 51. 52

Tonie Sap: 13 Tourunc: Sec Da ~·ang trade, domestic: 367-375, 377, 379 1'ran dynasty: 36-37, 173 '1 ~tlU :KUIll 'l'rung: 252 TJ'8n Ngoc Ninh: 147 Trnll Ql1'JC Buu: 243, 360, 363 Tran TLip:1 Khiem, Mnjor General: 227 Trull Trong Kim: 161. 200 Trail Van An: 203 Trull Vall Chuong: 29-3 TrUll Vall Do: 203 Trun Van DOll, Major General: und

coup d'etat, 224

Tran Van Huong: 226 (taIJle 1), 227-229,284

Trun Vun Tuyen: 253 transportation: 3, 22, 23 (fig. 7), 24-

28, 41, 281, 308, 310, 311, 368--369, 373-375

Trinh family: 38. 39 Trinh Quoc Khanh : 2M Trung-bo: 52 Trung Nhi : 33 Trong sisters: 4-'>9 Trung Trac : 33 Tn Chanh Nong Son: 22 Tn Due: 160

unemployment: 313, 349, 353 Unified j1"rOllt for the Liberation of Op­

pressed Races (Front Unifie pour Ia Liberation des Races Op­prlmees-FULRO) : 77, 85, 245, 246

United National Front: 51 United Nations: 267, 274, 275; aid, 379,

386; Childrens' Fund (UNICEF), 127, 140, 275; Fkonomic Commis­sion for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE), 34()-341; Fact Finding Mission, 2?-3; SI)E!Cial Fund, 339, 38(h'J87

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 0 r g a n I z n t ion (UNESCO) : 146. 275

United States: and agriculture, 328, 332; and aid. 55, 138-139, 257- 258, 307-311, 314, 379, 381, 384 (table 7), 3t»-386, 39;), 40'"), 40n; nod edu­

cation. 144, 150. 152, 153, 156, 166. 210; aud Geneva Agreement, 56, 57 ; and Indochina 'Var, 53; and infor­mation activities, 282, 285-286, 289, 293, 295, 296, 299-300; and military aid. 57, 91, 92, 427, 428, 430, 431; and 1I1Ontagnardl, 77, 244-246; and Public Law 480, 372; relations with, 261-263; and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (S E.\ TO), 257; and trnnsporttltion system, 23. 2S-27; nnd trool)S, 6, 7. 438. 439.

United States Development Loan Fund: 385

United States Information Service (USIS) : 299

United States Military Assistance Ad­visory Group (MAAG) : 394, 438

509

States Military Assistance Qommand for Vietnam (MACV):

285-~86,419,438

States Operations Mission (USOM) : 153, 294, 339, 412, 423;

and medical ai<1t 127, 128-; and

;efugees, 141-1'42 j and sanitation

facilities, 125. 136; and welfarE" projects, 121, 122, 139

129, 130, 181, 146, 151, ~-:15(f •. 158.183.187. 286

.Major General: 208

:~;;;;;ig;;;;;~; 314, 825, 327-328 V· 20,.21 (fig. 6)

Cong (VI~t Nam Cong Son) : 5-7,

217,,-'2ti6-252, 441; and agriculture,

329,834;' and Camhodia, 267, 268;

and Chinese, 89, 248 j and communi-

"'1':" cations system, 281; and govern­

~"\lf:'.'l'n,; •. '._'\~.' ,_-w~nt, 199, 215, 296; and labor lUove­jJ;~.tft~'I,)'f;~i\;'-·cmen~ 859, 865; and montagnard8,

Nf'~'-- "';'~-'::<_\"-'~17, 79-82, 87; and peasants, 248,

., 249, 250, 306; and political loyal-

ties, 119; and propaganda, 122-123,

126, 128, 298-299, 442; and refugees,

59, 6S, 64; and t~rrorism. 121, 135.

140,143,148-149,409,439-440; and

transportation system, 23-25, 308,

313, 367-368, 371, 378, 374

Viet Minh: See Vietnam Independence

League Vietnam Independence League (Viet

Nnm Doc Lap Dong Minh) : 49, 50,

51, 200, 201; and Ohinese, 52; _ and

Communist group, 31; and Geneva

Agreement, 55-57 j and Indochina

War, 53-55 j and landownership,

320 j and nationaUst movement,

429 j and religious sects, 240

Vietnam Labor Union (Union Ouvriere

du Viet Nam-UOV) : 361

Vietnam National Restoration Associa­

tion (Vietnam Phuc Quoc HoI):

254 Vietnam Nationalist Party (Viet Nam

Quoe Dan Dang-VNQDD): 47,

52, 161, 252, 253

Vietnam Social Democratic Party (Viet­

nam Dan Chu Xa Hoi Dang) : 254

Vietnamese: ethnic group, 4, 5, 12, 61-

63,69, 70-71j history, 317-318; and

language. 34. 75. 82. 89. 144, 147.

153,208; and Nationalist Party. 49

510

Vietnamese Confederation of Christian Labor (ConfMeratlon Vietnami­

enne du Travail Chretien-CVTC) :

243, 359 Vietnamese Conf'edera,tion of Lanor

(Oonf.ed{!ration Vi~tnamienne du

Travall-OVT) : 243, 347, 36<l-863,

366 Vietnamese People's Revolutionary

Party: and Viet Cong, 251

villages: 15, 16, 102-104, 368; adminis­

tration, 214-215, 421-422; and

Buddhist organizations, 237 j and

government information, 296 j and

living conditions, 134-135, 137; and

montagnard8. 74; and rural devel­opment programs, 231-232; and so­

cial welfare programs, 139-140

Vinh Long Province: 24. 63. 326

Vo Nguyen Giap and Viet Minh: 49, 50

Vo Phien: 167 vocational education: 146, 149-151,

334-335, 350 Voice of America: 300

Vu Ngo Tran: 203

Vu Van Man: 223 Vung Da Nang: 16, 89, 61

Vung Tau: 211; Development Program,

231; government projects. 352; and

population, 61; port, 26, 28

wages: 309, 310, 347-348, 354-356, 361,

364; and government control, 135

water: and power, 338, 340; resources,

311, 313; supply, 124-125, 186, 137;

and transport, 25-26, 308, 008, 374

welfare activities: 6, 13s-.-142,187

Western Europe: 381

women: 59; and education, 101; ideal

character, 195; in labor force, 67,

349,355; in public Ufe, 140; role in

society, 193; status, 114-115

Workers' Party of Vietnam (Dang Lao

Dong Viet N am) : 54, 251, 252

working conditions: 353-858, 364

World Health Organization (WHO):

127,275 World War I: 44

VVorld War II: 1, 10, 47, 51, 369

Y Bham : 85, 245-246

Yen Bay: 47 youth organizations: 140

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1967 0 - 260-364