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ZIII4 - Exam IlI -Fall 2008 - Form 2

1) Inn living Organism the ratio of 12C_._to/_is the same as that in the atmosphere.

a) tme _,_flalse'q,_4..-.-,

2) Today, nearly 40% of the Staphylococcus bacteria found in hospitals resist all frontline antibiotics. Thisnumber is on the rise. Which of the following best explains this increased resistance?

a) after being exposed to antibiotics, individual bacterial cells become immune to the drugs and they_ppaSs on this immunity to their offspring

ntibiotics kill off the least resistant bacteria, leaving the more resistant bacteria behind to reproduce,assing on their resistance to their offspring

c) antibiotics induce mutations in the bacteria, which makes cells with these mutations more resistant tothe drugs

.......................................................................................................................................

Consider the following terms:

i. deuterostome iL gnathostome iii. tetrapod iv. amniote v. craniate

3) Select all terms that describe a lamprey.

a) i, ii, v _i, v /p')/i d) i, ii, iii, iv, v /v

_elect all terms that apply to a frog.

/ a) i, ii, iii, iv, v 0 i, ii, iii, iv levi, ii, iii, v d) i, iii, iv, v _', iii, v

5) Examine the timeline to the right. Which letter (A-D) is most closely ._1_,_."_'_associated with the time when Darwin composed the concept of L....... k...........evolution via natural selection? _,ro,_,_,,o_ _,.....

2% B D"

Covl_¢-.

c,Jt _st t oflhi,_.l

1600 1800 2000

6) The phenotypic change seen in populations of peppered moths (from light forms to dark forms and then

back) in Great Britain before, during, and after the industrial revolution is a good example of a violation ofthe __ assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium theorem.

_flno no (net) mutation

selection

arge population size /ej_ random matingc) no gene flow

7) Which of the following best describes the similarity between natural selection and artificial selection?

/_. both rely on genetic drift from an ancestral population to produce change

_'_oth proceed as individuals acquire characteristics that increase their chance of survival during theirown lifetime

(c%oth result in individuals with "favored" traits who pass on genes for these traits at a greater"Jfrequency than those who lack such traits

d) neither can lead to speciatione) both A and D are correct

8) The biological species concept defines a species in terms of:

a) individuals living together in the same general area c_,phenotypic appearanceb) the ability to reproduce (produce fertile, viable offspring) (_genetic similarity

Zl114 - Exam ii1 -Fall 2008 - Form 2

9) The image to the right shows "billed" animals from three different clades. Which "s_*._,,"paddlcfl_h

of the characteristics below is shared by all three animals?ranium

@anmiotic egg e@determinate cleavage/li)" tetrapod limbsc) spiral cleavage

_nNII

10) Male lumpkins have an exaggerated hom structure compared to females. What probably accounts for thisdifference?

Jgeneticdrifl b) sexualselection (_naturalselection /migration e) adaptive radiation

11) Consider the forms of reproductive isolation below.i. hybrid infertility ii. mechanical isolation iii. gametic isolation iv. temporal isolation

Which of the above are _ forms of isolation?

a) i, iii, iv _iv £))'q', iii d)iv p'fi

12) A fossil is 90,000 years old and you find it has 1/8 th the isotope of a living organism. What is the V2life ofthis isotope? t

a) 45,000 years d) 15,000 yearsb) 18,000 years e) 10,000 years -/"

(_30,000 years • _/_13) Co_der a cat. Which of these structures is MOST anterior?

_)whiskers b) neck c) heart d) liver e) tail

14) Blastopore becomes mouth; spiral cleavage; determinate cleavage. These terms would describe all of thefollowing animals EXCEPT:

(_ starfish b) flatworm c) earthworm d) snail e) crayfish

15) Tigers on the island of Sumatra have been separated from the mainland (Asian) tiger _ ¢_zapopulation for at least 6,000 years• During this geographic separation, the Sumatran tigershave become phenotypically different (they are smaller and have a different fur pattern) fromtheir mainland ancestors. Although this physical separation has prevented the populations from

interbreeding, if given the chance, individuals from these populations would be able to interbreed andproduce fertile viable offspring. Given this information, which of the following has taken place?

• a) convergent evolution d_adaptive radiationb) sympatric speciation e_all of the abovec) natural selection favoring smaller size and changes in fur pattern

16) Scientists are recruited to assist in the population recovery of the endangered Californiacondor. There are no wild California condors in nature. Only 25 individuals of this species

remain, and all of them are held in a captive facility. A lightning storm strikes the building

housing the birds, and 20 of the birds are killed. Scientists hurry to determine how muchgenetic variation was lost in this terrible, random disaster. They determine that the gene pool

has shrunk by 75%. This situation is an exc_mple of:

a) founder effect b) migration c_ genetic drift d) mutation e) random mating

ZIII4 - Exam III - Fall 2008 - Form 2

17) Consider a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. _ is equal to 0.66, what is the value of q?a) 0 b) 0.33 c) 0.66 d) 0.5 _0.34 ,

18) Which of the following is the best defmition of biological evolution? "_':_-_9ogenetic mutations occurring in somatic cells of an organism d) both A and C

hanges in allele frequencies within a population over time e) all of the above

cclimation, by a single individual, to an environment.......................................................................................................................................

Consider the statements below.

( i(i_atural one of several mechanisms forselection is evolution.

ti_iological evolution involves changes in allele frequencies within populations over time._Artificial selection occurs as humans manipulate allele frequencies within a population by

selectively breeding certain individuals.

JNatural selection involves the inheritance of characteristics acquired daring the lifetime"_ individual.

_))N_ural selection may lead to speciation.19) HoW many of these statements are true?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 (_4 e) 520) Which of these statements is/are false?

a) i, iv ,,_i, ii, iv _ #i,v /e_none of them are false

; i ? f .l3 win. i LLc S [ fi 7lanaria (flatworm) d) leechuid (cephalopod) ._Wuchereria (roundworm)

ompeii worm (segmented worm)

22) Why is the biological,species concept a good way of defining species?/a) because it can be applied to all life equally

,_lbecause it has tradmonally been used, and Sooners are all about tradition"(c_because it helps illustrate the importance of limiting gene flow in driving macroevolution/speciation

_)'because there currently are no other means for defining a species

23) The image at right represents an analysis of DNA encoding rRNA in _/_four animals. According to these data, you might conclude that

are more closely related to humans than any of theother clades in this study. ...ACG_AC%_CCGCGATCCTCGACf ACT...

a) catfishes (and other bony fishes) _.,.,-_

b_ squid (and other molluscans)

_ducks (and other birds) ...ACCACGCCGTGAICe TAGACTAGT...

...ACC_,_C_.TGA TCCTAGACTAGA...

...ACCAC6_CGTGATCCTCGACTACT...

24) Darwin relied on this man's ideas to estimate the age of fbssilized animal remains that he found throughoutthe world while traveling on the H.M.S. Beagle.

a) Malthus b) Lamarck c) Hutton (_uvier 0 Lyell

Z1114 - Exam III - Fall 2008 - Form 2

25) Which of the following statements BEST defines the variable q in the Hardy-Weinberg equationp+q=l?

a) the number of recessive alleles within a population (for a given gune)

_./!he number of dominant alleles within a population (for a given gene)_he total number of alleles in this population (for a given gene)

"d(__he frequency of recessive alleles within a population (for a given gene)_the gene pool for the population

26) Dr. Whatnow collected data during a midterm. She counted the number of '_'

students remaining in the classroom throughout the course of the exam. The data _were then plotted to produce the figure at right, Given this information, what is the __half-life for student completion of the midterm? _ _

a_l 0 minutes d) 40 minutesO0 minutes e) 35 minutes a

c) 30 minutes

27) Which of the following is a good example of adaptive radiation?a) the offspring of a female lion and a male tiger resulting in a liger (with reduced fertility)

he evolution of wings in birds and in mammals (such as the wings of birds and sugar gliders)he evolution of 14 different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands, all descended from a singleSouth American ancestor

/jY)/the extinction of the dinosaurs

28) Homologous structures are to "similarity in structures resulting from inheritance from a common ancestor"as analogous structures are to:

a) similarity in structure resulting from the founder effect

Similarity in structure resulting from gene flowimilarity in structure resulting from nonrandom matingimilarity in structure resulting from artificial selection

imilarity in structure resulting from convergent evolution

29) Evaluate the data on gene X displayed in the figure to the right,

These data were collected from a population over a period of 400 >" r-'nDom_n._nt a,_e_qecessive allele

years (fortunately for these scientists, there were only two alleles for '-- _ --

this gene, and the "dominant" allele displays incomplete dominance; cr-_ - ._ __]_

thus phenotype is a good indicator of genotype). Which of the _ _:_t _following statements could reasonably be concluded? _ _ _ '_:_

a) a speciation event has likely occurred in this population _ , "_ "--].)_natural selection appears to be favoring the dominant allele "_ _,_ "-_ _ _;_o,/

I

_ between 1600 and 1800 16oo 170o 18oo 19oo

---_c))the population saw an increase in the frequencyof the

"-" recessive allele between 1600 and 1800

d) both A and C are likely

/both A and B are likely

30) Natural selection would not be possible without:

a) genetic variation .._ random matingb) large population size Q._superpositionc) gene flow

L

ZIlI4 - Exam I11-Fall 2008 - Form 2

31) Animal phylum with the largest number of species.

a) Platyhelminthes b(b(b_Arthropoda c) Chordata d) Pofifera e) Mollusca.......................................................................................................................................

Examine the image to the right and answer the question(s) below. Determine which clade (A-E) is appropriate.

32) The New Zealand Tuatara (an ectothermic relative oflizards)wouldbelongto this clade. _ __@_

33) Eels and sea horses would belong to this clade, g L ] .J_

V34) Find the derived characteristic indicated with the number 5. Which of the

folloff_ng might also be an appropriate trait (besides hair) for this clade?

a)_haammary glands c) three chambered heart

Lung ptecu_Or_b) feathers d) ectotherm _Teff_lE_odlimbs

amnion

Hollov¢ bon_

Hair

.......................................................................................................................................

35) Which of the choices below is most closely associated with the process of gastmlation?

(_forming embryonic tissues d) evolution

b) meiosis e) obtaining energy "..c) neurulation

36) Which of the following types of organisms is/are protostomes?a) lophotrochozoans d) mandibulates

b) ecdysozoans @all of the above are correctc) chelicerates

.......................................................................................................................................

A population of 100 basket weaver birds is being studied by scientists. They note that in 1998, 25 of the birdshave yellow heads (a recessive trait in these birds). The remaining 75 birds have red heads.

37) Give._ that 50 of the red headed birds are hetero_y._ous, calculate p.

q. [_0.50 b) 0.45 c) 0.55 (_0.65 e) 0.25

38) Assuming that this population does not violate any of the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg, after 10,000years you would predict that about __ of the population would be heterozygous.

a 25% d)30%b(.._50% /O'unable to determine because evolution occurred

c) 20%......................................................................................... _- .............................................

39) You are wandering around your backyard and find the animal pictured at right. For Saturdayfun, you decide to determine which animal phylum it belongs to. The first thing you notice is

that it "appears to have bilateral symmetry. Next you describe its shape; it is wormlike.However, this "worm" does not have a body cavity (coelom). Since you took ZOO 1114 you

would classify this animal a_ a (n):

a) roundworm [._ flatworm c) segmented worm d) snake e) fish

40) Cartilaginous fishes are also referred to as:a) osteichthians b) ostracoderms c) placoderms d) agnathans ('_ chondrichthians

ZIII4 - Exam IlI -Fall 2008 - Form 2

41) Which of the appendages below is homologous to a bird wing?a) butterfly wing d) shark dorsal fin

b) starfish arm e) more than one of these is correct

(_lmouse forearm

42) Examine the image to the right. Which of the terms below does NOT apply to this animal?

(_stmlation _[_spiral cleavageploblastic )_lndeterminate cleavagec) cephalization

43) This chordate structure induces the formation of the dorsal hollow nerve cord.

a) vertebral column b) pharyngeal pouches c) postanal tail Onotochord

.......................................................................................................................................

Use the image at right t° answer the questi°n(s) bel°w" i '_ _'i_ _._

44) Select ALL the numbers associated_f,ixwithmandibulates, ii. _"-" _'_a) i, ii, iii, v, ix '_

_i, ii, iii /e,,)"v, vii, viii, ixv, vii, viii iii. _'_)_/__j_i

45) Select ALL the numbers associated with Bilateria. iv _-._ iX. e_

a_, ii, iii, iv, v, vii, viii, ix, x d) i, ii _

( o)jt, ii, iii, v, vii, viii, ix e) i, ii, iii, iv, v, vii, viii, ix i_. _1_ x."-6) all of these animals have bilateral symmetry............................................................................................................ T_- .............. ]- ..........

46) To understand the modem distributions of marsupial and placental mammals on planet Earth, scientists haverelied on:

a) an understanding of continental drift (_both A and Cb) the fossil record e) all of the abovec) fossil dating

47) Determine which phylum is defined by the following set of characteristics: multicellular, mesoderm,cephalization, cephalopod, spiral cleavage, visceral mass.

a) Cnidaria b) Platyhelminthes 0Mollusca d) Annelida e) Arthropoda

48) Notochord, pharyngeal slits, muscular postanal tail, dorsal hollow nerve cord. Select the animal belowwhich these terms describe. ..

_a_ sea squirt ,_ea star (_horseshoe crab. /d_sponge /Of coral.......................................................................................................................................

Use the image to the right to answer the question(s) below.

49) This gastrula might represent the developing embryo of a (n): __

a) flatworm d) flatworm or an annelid ! f_f_'z_! i-- _-_"z _ _7:':( -'_"*"_"_'(_

b) annelid O all of the above (- _-c) roundworm

50) Which letter is most closely associated with the tissue layer whose cells

will _ve rise to the dorsal hollow nerve chord of the chordates? "-,._ _ax_

(_ F b) B c) C d) D e) E.......................................................................................................................................

L

ZII14 - Exam 11I-Fall 2008 - Form 2

Zl 114'_,Exam I! -Fall 2008 - Form 1

1) The terms operon, mRNA, and RNA polymerase apply to which of the following processes?b) splicing c) translation d) protein foldingOtranscription e) replication

Place the follo_/ing stages of transcription in eukaryotes in order, starting with the first event to occur.

_] i TATA binding protein ii. RNA polymerase iii. mRNA transcript iv. transcription factor,#

a) iii, i, ii, iv . b) ii, iv, i, iii c) i, iv, ii, iii @i, iii. ii, iv e) ii, iii, iv,i

3) Which of the following statements is false?

-_in eukaryotes, are spliced out before the mRNA transcript exits the nucleusexons

in eukaryotes, a 5 cap is added to the mRNA transcript before it exits the nucleusc) in eukaryotes, a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA transcript before it exits the nucleus

the DNA template strand is complimentary to the mRNA transcript

................................................ -_......................................................................................

The following are comparable in a quantitative sense. Use the choices below to describe the following question(s). Youmay use each more than once or not at all:

a) The first is greater than the secondb) The second is greater that the firstc) The two are essentially equal

j_ _,,)"The number of nucleotides in a gene's DNA template strand---the number of nucleotides in this gene's mRNA/ transcript after mRNA splicing (,,,t5) The number of Y-linked human genes ---the number of X-linked human genes.......................................................................................................................................

6) E. coli cells can break down the milk sugar lactose because they can produce specific enzymes that "digest" thismolecule. These bacteria only produce these enzymes when lactose is present in their environment. The mechanismused to control the production of these digestive enzymes is known as:

Qlac operon b) promoter c) suppressor d)lac lactose lactose intron

7) Hormones control the building of the endometrial lining in the uterus in human females. Ovaries release estrogen, asteroid hormone. Estrogen targets the cells of the endometrium. Estrogen works by diffusing into the nucleus of thesecells, where it interacts with a receptor protein. Once these two molecules interact, they bind to the promoter region ofgenes that code for proteins that keep the endometrial cells growing and dividing. We could refer to the receptorprotein for estrogen as a(n):

a) intron b) exon _)Jtranscription factor d) ribosome e) repressor protein

8) How many different tRNA molecules carry the amino acid tryptophan? (Refer to the genetic code on page 1).

_) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 5 e) 6

..............................................................................................................................................

A segment of the DNA coding strand has the nucleotide sequence: AAG CTC TTA CGA ATA TTC. Use this information

to answer the question(s) below, b_ _IA _ Ill_ _,l

•_)(T' p) What is the tRNA antieodon sequence for the third codon from the left?.er GA ., -r'CGtJ e)

10) What is the primary sequence of the potypeptide encoded by this strand?

a) K-L-R-I-F HL-L-K-R-I-F _._K-L-L-R-I-F /O)"F-E-N-A-Y-K ,_A-B-C-D-E-F

"_ J]l) Which °f the following mRNA strands would producre-_polypeptide purely composed of arginine?/ a) CGC CGC CGC dt,d)Jboth A and Cb) AGG AGG AGG e) all of the abovec) CGC CGA CGG

Z_II4 - Exam II -Fall 2008 - Form 1,_) A mutation occurs in which three nucleotides are inserted at the end ofa gene. Which of the following is most likely

_/ _,n transcript not producedmRNA will be

_fthe encoded polypeptide will contain one fewer amino acid in its primary sequence• c) the production of this polypeptide will not take place

,.,d_the encoded polypeptide may contain one more amino acid in its primary sequence

13) Mutations can:

a) create different versions of genes, known as allelesb) change a protein's function and introduce a new phenotypec) produce new versions of proteins that are favored by natural selection

(_lOth A and B are correct

1of the above are correct

lCWhich of the following DNA mutations will likely lead to inappropriate cell division?/ a) continual, inappropriate expression of oncogenes

b) continual, inappropriate expression of tumor suppressor genes(_both A and Bd) neither A nor B

15) A mutation occurs which changes the codon UAC to UAA. Which of the terms apply/applies to this mutation?

a) substitution mutation d,fboth A and B

b) point mutation (_f) all of the abovec) nonsense mutation-,_

16) Addition of a single nucleotide base will shift the reading frame and affect the "reading" of all codons "downstream"

from J_e point of mutation._)true b) false

17) In general, meiosis I is required to:a) separate sister chromatids ( c))separate homologous chromosomes

b) produce diploid cells /0¢create"-_"homologous chromosomes

18) How many oairs of t_mes do human males have?

a) 0 b_22 c) 23 d) 46 e)48

..............................................................................................................................................

Use the stages below to answer the following question(s).i. Prophase I ii. Prophase H iii. Metaphase I iv. Metaphase 11v. Anaphase I vi. Anaphase H vii. Telophase I viii. Telophase H

19) Stage(s) of meiosis in which synapsis occurs.

a) i, ii b) i, iii c) ii (_) i e) iii

20) Hor_ogous chromosomes align in pairs along the cel!'s equator during this stage of meiosis._iii b) iv c) i d) ii e)viii

..............................................................................................................................................

21) Independent assortment is another te_:_ for crossing over.a) true b_false

22) A muscle cell from a firefly viewed during G 1 interphase contains 36 chromosomes. How many oairs of homologouswould ygu expect to find in a gamete of a male firefly?

chr°_o°mes /j_9 c) 18 /fl_54 /72

v_'A'O

14_ Exam II - Fall 2008 - Form 1

i) Most oftbe cytoplasm contained within a zygote comes from:

/ a) the ovum (egg cell) b) the sperm c) the spermatogonium (_the polar body

24) The process of spermatugenesis takes _lace in the walls of the:

a) epididymus d_ seminiferous tubules /b) ureter • e) spermatogoniac) uterine tubes

g-

25) In which of the following cells would crossing over take place? _iOl_ ''¢'-a) spermatogonium d) spermatid

primary spermatocyte e) spermc) secondary spermatocyte

26) In human females, a secondary oocyte is locked in until fertilization by a sperm.

a) prophase I b) metaphasel c) prophase II (,_._metaphase 11 e) telophase I

6 2_he number of polar bodies produced by the of oogenesis is the number of bodies theprocess __.; polar produced by

/ process ofspermatogenesis is .

_2; 0 c) 4; 2 d) 4; 0 e) 3; 0a) 2; 2

28) Which of the following represent(s) a possible _y_e for an individual who is heterozygous for two _enes and whobreeds true for two _enes?

a) AabbCcDD b) aabbCcDd c) AABbCCDd d) both B and C O all of these

29) The chance of flipping five ,fair coins and all of the coins landing on heads is calculated aft:

a) 1/2(5) _ 1/25 c) 1/2I° d) 5In e) 1/2(1)

30) Which of the following crosses results in a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio?O monohybrid cross d) cross of true breeding varietiesb) dihybrid cross of unlinked genes e) any test crossc) dihybrid cross of linked genes

31) Consider the offspring of a monohybrid cross (Hh x Hh). This gene follows a typical pattern of Mendelian inheritance,with one gene having only two alleles, one of which is completely dominant to the other. Which of the followingstatements is TRUE?

(_he offs-'s_g are expected to have an equal number of heterozygous and true breeding individualsb) the number of individuals in the offspring expressing a dominant phenotvpe is expected to equal the number of

individuals expressing a recessive phenotypec) the offspring are expected to have more homozwous individuals than heterozygous individualsd) the offspring of this cross are expected to express a 1:2:1 _ ratioe) the offspring of this cross are expected to have a 3:1 _ ratio

32) Which of these is paired incorrectly?

a) independent assortment---metaphase I ,,q_heterozygous---two different alleles for the same geneb) allele segregation---anaphase I d_]product rule---linked genes

33) How many different types of gametes can an individual produce if he or she has the genotype AaBbccddEEFfGg?(Assume that these genes are NOT linked).

a) 64 b) 8 c) 49 d_16 e) 128

Zl114 - Exam II - Fall 2008 - Form 1.......................................................................................................... - ...................................

34) A parrot with red feathers, a long tail, frilly feathers, and brown eyes is crossed with a femalethat has blue feathers, a long tail, frilly feathers, and brown eyes. The male is heterozygous for q'

tail length and eye color; he is homozygous dominant for feather texture and color. His mate (_,,_breeds true for feather color and is heterozygnus for the remaining traits. Which of the following

represents the genotype of the female parrot? (Use L for tail length, E for eye color, T for feathertexture, and C for feather color. Assume these unlinked genes follow a typical pattern ofMendelian inheritance, with one allele completely dominant to the other)

a) LIEeTTCC b) LlEettce ,_f LLEETTCC d) LIEettCC OLIEeTtee

35) Given the information in the question above, if this mating produces 32 offspring, approximately how many are

expected to express the dominant phenotype for all four traits? [Assume the genes are located on separate pairs ofhomologous chromosomes].

O18 b) 9 c) 27 d) 32 e)0..............................................................................................................................................

36) A thin male whizzle with long, fuzzy, purple hair mates with a female. The female whizzle is " ,, ,k _,homozygous recessive for all four traits; she is thin and has short, fuzzy, pink hair. If the male whizzleis heterozygous for only two traits, what proportion of their offspring should have the same genotype astheir father? (Assume these genes assort independently and ignore the sex of the individuals when

working this problem_.a) 0.5 b_0.25 c) 0.75 d) 1.0

"_ _¢_ The protein product of one gene (gene X) is required to transcribe a second gene (gene Y). Individuals who arehomozygous recessive for gene Xdo not produce its protein and as a result, the protein encoded by gene Yis not

produced. This is an example ofa) codominance d) epistasis

incomplete dominance e) environment-gene interaction

lethal alleles

Use the information it,, the table to below to answer tile following question(s).

Couples Blood Type _.Iood Type Babies Blood Type

1 Lemon /A Jack /_ Baby 1 _'_.92 Jena B Kenneth _A Baby2 IO)

3 Cerie _A_ Tract O'_ Baby3

38) Which of the following correctly represents the pairing of parents with offspring (ignore the H-gene)?

ouple 1-baby 1; couple 2-baby 2; couple 3-baby 3ouple l-baby 2; couple 2-baby 3; couple 3-baby 1ouple l-baby 2; couple 2-baby 1; couple 3-baby 3 __

ouple l-baby 3; couple 2-baby 1; couple 3-baby 2ouple l-baby 3; couple 2-baby 2; couple 3-baby 1

39) After determining which baby belongs with its parents, how many of the genotypes (parents

and offspring) can ygu determine with certainty (ignore the H-gene)?

a) 9 Q._7 /5 /_4 ,X(2

E .4 _-Exam 11 - Fall 2008 - Form 1

In tulips, gene Yhas four alleles (Y, yu, _, andy), each with varying degreesof dominance. The alleles Y and yn are codominant to one another and are y yH yh y

completely dominant to _ andy. The table at right shows the combinations ofthese alleles along with their phenotypic expressions. Use this information to yanswer the question(s) below.

._.) /0) You cross a yellow & green striped tulip (Y_'Y) with a green tulip. Which yH yH y yHyH" of the phenotypes is possible in their offspring? r,a.,,.jc._

a) green (_)both A and B

b) yellow & green striped e) all of the above yh ¥hy yhyH ¥1_he) yellowYdlo_ _ Phak

41) You cross a true-breeding pink tulip with a true breeding yellow tulip.Which of the following represents the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? Y _ y yH y yh y y

a) 3:1 (yellow:pink) d)100% white vd_,,_, _ P_k _it_

b) 1:2:1 (yellow:green:pink) (_100% yellowc) 9:3:3:1 (yellow:yellow/green striped:green:pink)

_-n- M-ex-(ian"hai_iess- d-°gs; z"Yg'°;es-th'a t rece-ive iw°- c'°p-i-e:-°f- the d°';ninan ;'ailel"e- f°r-;he ...... _-'_'_ ................."hairless gene fail to develop to birth; as such, there are no true-breeding hairless dogs. _t "x.4_- .J 'X

Heterozygous dogs are hairless and homozygous recessive dogs are hairy. You cross,_:;_ _k_-_----_Mexican hairless dog with a hairy dog. You make this cross repeatedly until there are 50 \ _ _ (puppies. Probability predicts that app,._imately of these puppies should be hairless. ][_[ _'_

a) 37 b) 33 '(_)25 --d) 7 e) 12 A,'.au ,d ,_

43) Which of the following scientists was the first to associate a specific gene with a specific _chromosome (using the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster)?

a) Mendel b) Hooke c) Aristotle d) Darwin @Morgan " _

..............................................................................................................................................f

Examine the table below and answer the following question(: ',_

Gene Comparison Map Distance (m.u.) , , _",/ L-M 15

J p-Q 3 _ ._o _o 5

N-L 10 _ : : ,oM-N 5 ? _. I'_ V_2'

,/ Q-L 13,] _-M 28 -;..,/ P-L 10

44) What is the correct sequence of genes on this chromosome?

OQ, P,L.N,M b) Q,L,P.N,M c)M,N,P,Q,L d)L,N,M,Q,P e)P,N,M,Q.L/

% _) A cross-over event is least likely to occur between w_l_h of the following pairs of genes?

a) P&L b)L&M c_M&Q d) N&L e) Q&P

_ 4_The recombination frequency for genes and is 25% _ I/ a)P&N c)N&Qb) P&M d) Q&M ON&L

4_. A sixth gene (X) is found 3 m.u. away from gene M and 18 m.u. away from gene L. A cross between LIXx and llxxyields 100 offspring; approximately of these offspring should hav._ the genotype Llxx.

a) 9 b) 18 c_6 d) 92 _ 41

..............................................................................................................................................

Z_II4 - Exam 11- Fall 2008 - Form 1 '.,,4_)Three genes are linked together on the same chromosome, F-L-z. The homologous chromosome has the hnked alleles, •

" f-l-Z. If crossing over occurs in between the genes F and L, what q4.Cai,_ allele combinationt, _ _ recombinantgametdg? .,.-._'°t_tct_¢ a._ _,,,

a) F-L-Z b)f-l-z c) F-I-Z d_both a and B e) none of these iscon'ect

..............................................................................................................................................

Examine the image at right. This pedigree represents a family with a history of red-green color-blindness (an X-linked, recessive trait). Genotypes and phenotypes of pindividuals with a "?" in their symbol are to be inferred from the symbols of theremaining family members. Use this information to answer the question(s) below.

49) Find the P generation female. Given that she has normal vision, which of thechoices below represents her genotype? [X's and Y's represent the chromosomesto which the dominant and recessive alleles are linked]

0 xCxc ,_ XcYc c) XcX_ /yCyc /XCy Fz Q

50) Find the F 3 generation individual. Which of the choices represents his genotype

(X's and Y's represent the chromosomes to which the dominance and recessive F3alleles are linked)?

xCx _ b) xCy ': X_X¢ yCy¢ Xey.......__/_!................................................_/_.................................................................

D That's it! _'ouble-check your

scantron.

,/,',/,

4 _-Exam I| -Fall 2008 - Form 1

ZIII4 - E:_aml - Fall 2008 - Form 1

1) Natural selection is the process by which organisms evolve as they _ to adapt to their environment as it changes.(_) true b) false

2) The development of complex flocking patterns when individual birds follow simple rules like "maintain your distance fromyour neighbor" is an example of a(n):

a) adaptation _}emergent property c) polymerization d) organizational hierarchy

3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ALL life (as we know it) on planet Earth?

a) reproduction b) ribosomes c) DNA (_cell nucleus e) natural selection & evolution

b4) Which of the following is a good example of a negative feedback system?a) an auditorium begins to fill; as more people enter the conversations get louder, and louder, and LOUDERb) increased concentration of giucose in the blood triggers the liver to store glucose as glycogen to lower blood glucose

concentrations; when glucose blood levels get too low, the liver breaks glucose monomers off glycogen, releasing itinto the blood

(_your neighbor cuts his finger and you pass out

you are talking to a friend on the phone ,when they yawn it causes you to yawn also

5) What is wrong with the following statement? "Data from my experiment are not consistent with the null hypothesis beingtested. I am confident that my actual hypothesis is correct, and there is no need to examine this area of study further."

a) I have not determined if my results are consistent with the results of other scientific researchb) science is a dynamic process where ideas are tested and retested, one experiment isnot enough

ere may be other hypotheses which haven't been tested1of the above

one of the above, my conclusions are perfectly appropriate

6) Which of these statements is true?

)ttbe independent variable is the one that you measure to determine a responsee dependent variable is constant (it does not change) for ALL individuals in an experimentle dependent variable is the variable in which you are looking for an effect

he dependent variable refers to the number of test subjects in an experiment_O"theindependent variable refers to the number of test subjects in an experiment

..............................................................................................................................................

Use the elements below to answer the following questions. _ /'9V7_i. N ii. H iii. Li iv. 0 v. Ne vi. Ca vii. K viii. C

7) Neutral atoms of this/these element(s) contain 2 electrons in their valence orbital.('_vi b) vii c) v d) iv /f_more than one of these _ [ k.L_lJ]

8) This at°m can c°vale._J_Yb°nd with f°ur °ther at°ms(_"_ (//_"_XX'_ _(_t/_--_-_ x" (_"_ t7-_

a) i b) iii _ d)vii e)viii k..L/!.A____.__.J _____'_e_[y4/______ T_k,_flJ_k_..]......................................................................... .......................... r ............. ..........9) Many companies are researching the feasibility of hydroge_n-fu_-T_ese cars use hydrogen gas '_lq2)and oxygen gas

_J (02) combustion to power their engines. Hydrogen powered ca_-"_"emSi'purewater (H20) fromtheir exhaust pipes. What type

of chemical bond is being bro_ when 1-12undergoes combustion? _ $,_xa) hydrogen b)_olar covalent c) non-polar covalent ./_j ,onic

10) Wlftc_ of the following BEST describes the chemical bond that forms the compound sodium chloride (NaCI)?a_an ionic bond formed by electron donation by Na to Cl, which creates oppositely charged ionsb) an ionic bond formed by electron donation by CIto Na, which creates oppositely charged ions ,O.., ('_c) an ionic bond formed by proton donation by CI to Na, which creates oppositely charged ionsd) a covalent bond funned by equal sharing of electrons between Na and CI

e) a covalent bond formed by equal sharing of protons between Na and CI_'__ _-_ _ _

ZlI14 - Exam I-Fall 2008 - Form 1

The following pairs of statements can be compared in a quantitative sense. Use the choices below to describe them. Each may beused more than once or not at all.

a) the first is greater than the secondb) the second is greater than the firstc) the two are (essentially) equal

11) the strength of the bonds holding together a single molecule of water---the strength of the bonds holding together adjacentmolecules of water tt t t

12) the number of protons in a sodium (Na) cation--the number of protons in a neutral atom of sodium (Na)

.,_ 13) the number of electrons in a neutral (uncharged) carbon isotope with a mass number of 14 ---the number of electrons in aneutral carbon isotope with a mass number of 13 "7

U ..............................................................................................................................................

_j14) Which of the following types of molecules would NOT dissolve easily in pure water?(_polar molecules d) both A and B

"_ hydrophilic molecules /.e)_all of these would easily be dissolved in water

Jnon-polar molecules

15) Det_nine which of the following statements is tm_...__e.(_.fpure water has a high heat capacity because water molecules are cohesive

b) pure water has a high heat of vaporization because water is adhesive

Spure water has a pH of 0 because it contains free H.no

Use the pH scale at right to answer the question(s) below. _0,._6,i_16) Of the items indicated in the image, which is expected to have the lowest H+ ,_

concentration?

a) lemon juice b) milk 0 soapy water 7 v,.,a.,le-Y17) Which of these items is expected to have an H+ concentration of around

0.000000000001 moles per liter?

a) lemon juice b) milk c) soapy water _ none of these

............................................................................................................................................. __ _.t...

Choose from the molecules shown at right to answer the following _ _ ,_.

questions. _ ,* _,.¢/_.18) Ifisulinisaprotein, soitcontainswhichofthemoleculesatright? _ b_ (_ ; _ "19) Which of the molecules at right is a monomer of glycogen? _)

.... i

20) which of the molecules at right is the monomer that makes up DNA C '" _,.'\'__,,'_v'NH I'

..............................................................................................................................................

21) Which of the following is incorrect_ paired?._)_itamin D --- lipid d) tripeptide --- a chain of three nucleic acids

_12_'thymine --- a nitrogenous base /¢_NA --- a nucleic acid

(,._)glucose --- a monosaccharide

22) You make a "smoothie" that contains yogurt and fresh strawberries, bananas and peaches. To get an extra boost of prolongedenergy, you also add a tablespoon of powder from a container labeled "peptide boost." Which of the types of organicmolecules would you be able to find in your smoothie? ¢-%

a) lipid b) carbohydrate c) protein d) nucleic acid _ all of the above

Z_ilI4 - E_:am 1 - Fall 2008 - Form 1

23) The sequence of amino acids specifies the structure of a protein.

-"._-.(a'_primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary e)_periphery___________................................................................................................................................

24) Name the peptide shown at right. _ _ _/a._val-thr-thr-gly d) leu-ile-ile-cys X-C--H H-C-_ H-C-H H-C-H

0 I_- 0 H 0 0b(,_er-cys-cys-ala e)ile-gly-gly-met I I I 't I--

c) ala-met-met-ala H H _ _ ,,,

..............................................................................................................................................

25) Which of the following is _ paired?

G _rough endoplasmic reticulum---protein synthesis d) nucleus---houses DNAb_)smooth endoplasmic reticulum---lipid synthesis e) mitochondria---ATP productionc) lysosome---neutralize free radicals

26) You insert a pin into a cell, and penetrate a lysosome, 2 per somes, a mit ondrion, and 3 ribosomes before exiting theother side of the cell. How many lipid bilavers does the tip of the needle pierce on its joumey into, through, and out of thecell?

a) 36 b) 24 c) 16 _12 e) 10 (_)

27) The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are packkaged by:

a) rough endoplasmic reticulum b_Golgi aparatus c) mitochondrion d) peroxisome

28) The Domain Eukarya includes:

a) Protista b) Animalia c) Plantae d) Fungi (_) all of the above

29) A transmembrane protein that allows ions to diffuse into the cell would:

ave a hydrophobic interior c) be composed of cellulose

ave a polar interior d) be composed primarily of cholesterol .: :'t

30) Placing a red blood cell in a (n) solution will cause it to shrink.

isotonic b) hypotonic cc_ypertnnic d) chemiosmotic e) hydrolytica)

31) In active transportlATP is needed to pump ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient.

_true b) false

32) The internal solute (salt ion) concentrations of marine bony fishes is approximately 1/3 that of the surrounding environment.To survive, these fishes have specialized cells in their gills, which actively transport salt ions out of the cells, releasing them

in the surrounding waters. Without this system, which of the following would likely occur?a) the fish's cells would quickly swell and burst as water moves down its concentration gradient into them _

b_the fish's cells would quickly shrink as water moves up its concentration gradient into them

(_)_he fish's ceils would quickly shrink as water moves down its concentration gradient, exiting the cells "a) the salt ion concentration in the oceans would soon plummet and turn into freshwater _ "

33) The picture at right shows ,//f.. _. , -a) ribosomes d) DNA

b) proteins (_two of the above are correct __ _":_ :_

c) cholesterol -" ="_:_J _ _" _':"

ZI 114 - Exam I- Fall 2008 - Form 1 'o

34) Which of the following would passively diffuse (i.e. easily diffuse) across the cell's_lasma membrane?

a) C6H,206 _ (_CO2 d) DNA

35) Cellular respiration is the process of creating glucose molecules using energy from the sun.

a) true {Q_false

36) Complete the following equation using the choices below. This equation represents the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl

CoA: molecule(s) of "-) molecule(s) of Acetyl CoA + molecule(s) of NADHpyruvate

a) l;1;1-- b) 1;2;2 -- c) 1;1;2 _,1;1 e) 2;2;1

37) An enzyme assists in the transfer of phosphate from an intermediate molecule to ADP. This process results in the formation

of ATP; it is known as:f_substrate level phosphorylation d) Krebs cyclechemiosmotic phosphorylation e) oxidative phosphorylation

c) glycolysis

38) Most of the ATP generated in plants is the result of phosphorylation reactions taking place here.d) nucleus

a) cytoplasm b) mitochondria Ochloroplasts e) vacuoles

39) CO2, NADH, and FADH2 represent products of this stage of aerobic cellular respiration.

a) glycolysis b) Krebs cycle c) electron transport chain (_ fermentation

40) 10 molecules of NADH, and 10 molecules of FADH2 fully oxidized in the electron transport chain will generate __

= substrate-level CoP -- chemiosmoticmolecu/les of ATP by way of reactions. [SLP phosphorylation; phosphorylation]

,.,K) 15; SLP ./1¢_, SLP (_20; CoP d'Y40; SLP e) 40; CoP

41) A segment of the DNA double helix contains 500 nucleotides (250 on each strand). If60 of 500 are guanine, how many ofthe 500 nucleotides are adenine.4

a) 95 b) 60 c) 120 (_190 e) 250 _ _ {/ .._ z_%_O0 ,_0

-_-tO "LZ_42) Purines always pair with pyrimidines.

(_ true b) false "i

43) The image at right is a simplified diagram of a part of areplication complex. Determine for each lettered circle whetherit represents a 3' end or a 5' end of the DNA strand.

,_/A=5' B=5 ' C=Y D=3 ' B_A=3 ' B=3' C=5 ' D=5 ' ,_ $1_r_fl_glagg In

-fe_Ai 3, B=5 , C=3 , D=5 , A=5' B=3' C=5 ' D=3 '

5' B=3 ' C=3 ' D=5 'D

44) Which of the following statements concerning DNA replication is true?a) DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of existing nucleotidesb) the nucleotides laid down by the enzyme primase consist of adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosinec) helicase acts to unzip the DNA double helix ,,/

Oth A and B

1of the above

_Zll14 - F.xam 1 - Fall 2008 - Form 1

45) Consider the following statements:

/if. metaphase is immediately after prophase

ii. in telophase the nuclear envelope reforms D pl_ WL A 47 G,"(_cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cell and its organellesiv. sister chromatids are produced during G2 interphase

(_)centromeres break/separate during anaphase.Which of the above statements is true?

,/l_i, ii. iii, iv, v --_ii, iii, iv, v /d_i, ii, iv, v e) ii, iii, viv

46) The ap.pearance of a cleavage furrow is indicative of the _ of this stage:

/g) prophase /b)'G, interphase c) telophase ..fd_metaphase (_ cytokinesis

47) Select the choice below that is inaccurate.

/)(_repitOsis and cytokinesis result in the formation of 2 non-identical daughter cellslicated strands of DNA are separated during anaphase

c) DNA wraps around proteins as it condenses to for a visible chromosome_/d) centrioles send out spindle fibers which attach to kinetochores

48) A group of 10 cells is placed in a Petri dish. Each cell divides once every 4 hours. Assuming that all cells divide at the sametime, how long will it take for the dish to contain 40 cells?

a) 4 hours @8 hours c) 12 hours 16 hours e) 24 hours, d) 12- t.t.o

7.O 4-049) Use these stages of mitosis to answer the question below.

i. prophase ii. prometaphase iii. metaphase iv. anaphase v. telophase

Stag_(s) of mitosis when the cell contains chromatids.i, ii, iii b) iv, v c) iii, iv, v d) i, ii, iii, iv, v

50) If the diploid number for some animal is 12, how many chromatids would there be in a liver cell during metaphase?a) 0 b) 6 c) 12 (_24 e) 48