MANTHAN  

Brain  Gain:  Promoting  Research  and  Innovation  

 Yamini  Bansal  Madalsa  Singh  Saniya  Pawar  

Aaradhya  Srivastava    Ayush  Kanodia  

   Lack  of  Commercially  viable  research  India  filed  only  0.3%  of  total  world  patents  compared  to  China  which  filed  as  many  as  15%.  India’s  total  patent  output  from  1981-­‐2011  was  approximately  37,000.  China’s  patent  output  during  the  same  period  exceeded  150,000.  

   

Lack  of  Innova5on-­‐driven  R&D  from  the  Private  Sector  India  has  only  14  companies  in  the  2011  R&D  rankings  of  the  top  1400  world  companies  The  highest  ranking  Indian  company  is  Tata  Motors  which  stands  at  264  as  compared  to  General  Motors  which  is  9th  

Current Scenario of R&D in India

Migra5on  of  Indian  Graduates  Abroad  The  number  of  Indian  students  studying  abroad  in  2010  was  2,00,612  Several  IT  graduates  had  leR  India  and  emerged  as  important  Entrepreneurs  where  15%  of  the  start  ups  today  are  supposed  to  by  people  of  Indian  origin      

AMBIT  OF  THE  PROBLEM  

Low  research  &  Low  pracUcal  component  in  curriculum  

     

Absence  of  high-­‐knowledge  jobs  and  innovaUve  enterprises    

     

Lower  competency  at  the  world  market  in  terms  of  product  innovaUon  and  technologies    

   

India  sUll  relying  on  industries  harnessing  obsolete  techniques  

     

StagnaUon  of  innovaUon    at  the  University  Level  

StagnaUon  of  skills  at  the  Employability  Level  

StagnaUon  of  technology  at  Industry    Level  

StagnaUon  of  economy  due  to  non-­‐sustainability    

*Lack  of  commercially  viable  research    *Lack  of  monetary  incenUves  *Research  is  not  marketable  *OpportuniUes  to  enter  industrial    research  abroad  

*Companies  are  not  focusing    on  potenUal  technology  for  the  long  term  but  depend  on  exisUng  technology    *Lack  of  foresight  *Driven  by  quarterly  profits  and    “Returns  on  Investment”  

*Companies  making  the  maximum  revenues  like  Indian  Oil  CorporaUon  are  not  those  which  heavily  depend  on  R&D  for  sustenance  *Lack  of  incenUve  to  invest  

*The  trend  in  the  private  sector  is  to  buy  technology  rather  than  undertaking  high-­‐risk,  high-­‐investment  R&D  

AMBIT  OF  THE  PROBLEM  

PROPOSED  SOLUTION  

Market-­‐Driven  Industry-­‐Academia  Engagement  

Institute-­‐Industry  AfKiliate  Programs  

Training  for  high-­‐end  manpower  development  

Creation  of  Kield-­‐speciKic,  

collaborative  Innovation  Clusters  

We  suggest  ways  to  increase  the  %  contribu3on  of  the  Private  Sector  in  R&D  with    Academia  

Israel  spends  more  than  4%  of  GDP  in  Research  &  Development  (R&D)  while  Japan,  South  Korea  and  Scandinavian  countries  spend  more  than  3%.  US,  France,  Germany  spend  more  than  2%  and  China  spends  more  than  1.50%.  But  the  most  important  point  is,  in  all  these  countries,  Industry  spends  more  than  government  in  R&D  in  some  countries  3  3mes  more  than  Government  spending.  In  India,  while  total  spending  in  R&D  is  around  1%,  Government's  spending  is  2  to  3  3mes  more  than  that  of  Industry's.  

The  Industry  Innova0on  Clusters  under  Na0onal  Innova0on  Council  were  formed  with  the  objec0ve  of  catering  to  mutual  needs  of  industry  and  academia  by  providing  an  avenue  for  co-­‐opera0on.  Our  objec0ve  is  to  a@ract  private  investment  to  these  clusters  

To  increase  funds  and  expand  to  high-­‐end  technological  research,  we  propose:  •  CreaUon  of  clusters  specific  to  a  prominent  area  of  research  like  Renewable  Energy,  

Nanotechnology,  CS-­‐IT,  Manufacturing  Processes    •  IntroducUon  of  lab  faciliUes  with  mulUple  university  partnerships  sponsored  by  

private  companies    •  Jointly  owned  lab  equipment  for  common  use  •  Opportunity  for  UniversiUes  to  create  Prototypes  instead  of  non-­‐commercial  

theoreUcal  research  which  private  companies  would  be  more  willing  to  invest  in.  

 

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0  

Landscaping   ConceptualizaUon   Product  Design   Servicing  Product  TesUng   Sales  

University  Professors  and  Researchers  can  assist  the  companies  here  

Why  is  this  beIer  than  them  working  in  their  own  R&D  labs?  •  Jointly  owned  expensive  infrastructure  •  Pre-­‐compeUUve  knowledge  sharing    •  Opportunity  to  invest  in  high-­‐risk  research  •  Access  to  mulUtudes  of  technology  on  the  same  ground  •  High  concentraUon  of  experts  from  various  fields  

Implementation  PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0    

• The  government  will  set  aside  an  iniUal  seed  capital  for  the  NaUonal  InnovaUon  Council  to  develop  these  high-­‐end  technology  clusters  IniUal  capital  investment  

• Private  Companies  in  all  sectors  will  be  invited    to  be  signatories  to  an  agreement  that  would  enable  them  to  sponsor  the  sejng  up  their  field-­‐specific  faciliUes  and  secure  returns  on  their  engagement.  

Invite  companies  to  be  voluntary  signatories  

• A  panel  consisUng  of  senior  research  scienUsts  and  industrial  representaUve  will  be  set  up  to  evaluate  the  prospecUve  areas  of  research  working  with  NaUonal  InnovaUon  Council  • The  panel  will  be  required  to  submit  detailed  proposals  on  the  resources  (lab  equipment  etc.  )  required  for  the  sejng  up  of  each  cluster  

IdenUficaUon  of  potenUal  areas  of  research    

• ConstrucUon  of  the  facility  and  procurement  of  required  lab  equipments  in  a  specified  Ume  frame  • They  will  hold  regular  convenUons  making  road-­‐maps  for  development  and  idea-­‐exchange  Sejng  up  

• Quarterly  meeUngs  will  be  held  at  the  clusters  to  facilitate  dialogue  between  private  companies  and  universiUes  to  review  current  work  and  evaluate  future  requirements  of  funding  • A  contact  point  will  be  provided  to  both  universiUes  and  industries  to  facilitate  easy  communicaUon  

ConUnuing  Engagement  

Stake-­‐Holder  Analysis  

R&D  

Government  of  India  

Private  Players  

Technical  Start-­‐Ups  

University  Partners  

*IniUal  Funding  for  basic  infrastructure  (Upto  10  years)  

*Consistent  flow  of    funds  

*Technical  SoluUons  *OpUmized  products  *Government    incenUves    

*Opportunity  to  produce  prototypes  (linking  technological  development  to  commercial  products  )  *Infrastructure  *Challenging  problems  

*New  Ideas/SoluUons  *Consultancy  

*Funds  *Marketable  ideas  

*Infrastructure  *HR  *IncubaUon  *Technical  assistance  

Technical  research  of  *Strategic  importance  *Healthcare  *Socio-­‐Economic    

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0    

University  of  Stanford  currently  has  more  40  academic  department-­‐corporate  affiliate,  from  startups  to  mature  corporates,  to  provide  educa0on,  research  partnership  and  connec0ons  to  world  class  faculty  and  students    

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  AFFILIATE  PROGRAMS  

FormaUon  of  inter-­‐disciplinary  centers  within  universiUes  keeping  the  need  of  the  industry  in  mind  

Industries  enter  into  affiliate  programs  with  these  centers  based  on  research  requirements    

Companies  engage  for  consultancy,  tesUng  faciliUes,  process  opUmizaUon  and  technical  approvals      

Impact:  1.  Remove  the  hassles  involved  for  companies  

requiring  soluUons  to  mulU-­‐disciplinary  problems    

2.   Students  working  in  the  department/research  lab  get  hands-­‐on  experience  of  industry  problem  statements  

3.  Introduces  the  relevance  of  applied  research  in  the  university  

4.  Involves  the  pumping  of  money  in  the  department/research  facililty  as  opposed  to  the  money  earned  by  professors  through  individual  consultancy  as  in  status  quo  

5.  Opportunity  for  Industries  to  work  with  the  pool  of  scienUfic  experUse  from  abroad  through  the  network  of  the  exisUng  professors  

ImplementaUon:  1.  IdenUficaUon  of  prospecUve  problems  areas  

in  industries  involving  mulUdisciplinary  research  

2.  Designing  a  legal  framework  for  the  affiliate  program  (resources  to  be  shared,  funds  to  be  provided)    

3.  Holding  annual  meeUngs  to  review  progress  of  the  program  and  anUcipate  future  requirements  

4.  Giving  enough  flexibility  to  exercise  IPR  to  both  the  industry  and  university  

Descrip5on   Implementa5on   Impact  Fellowships  &  Exchange  Programs  

Private  companies  will  consUtute  fellowship  programs/  exchange  programs  to  enable  university  students  to  work  with  industrial  research  groups  within  their  faciliUes  for  product  innovaUon  and  opUmizaUon      

-­‐Provision  of  salary,  awards,  fringe  benefits  and  project  costs    -­‐PotenUal  of  becoming  a  permanent  employee  of  the  company    -­‐A  review  team  of  the  private  company  to  execute  selecUon  procedure,  performance  based  review  of  the  fellow    

University:    Increase  employability  of  the  students  of  the  university  Make  higher  educaUon  cost  effecUve  

Industry:  •  Employment  of  newly  

acquired  technical  experUse  •  PotenUal  long  term  

employability  with  reduced  risk  

 

Short  Term  Courses  at  University  for  Industry  employees  

-­‐Specific  courses  designed  to  keep  industries  up  to  date  with  current  technology  with  a  special  emphasis  on  small  scale  industries    -­‐  Hands  on  training  about  latest  lab  equipment  and  technology  development    

-­‐1-­‐2  week  courses/seminars    -­‐Publicity  for  available  courses  through  the  university  webpage  and  industry  convenUons          

University:    Funding  and  remunera5on  in  lieu  of  the  knowledge  Use  of  academic  concepts  in  prac5cal  industrial  projects  

Industry:    Up-­‐to  date  manpower  Technology  up-­‐gradaUon    InteracUon  with  Professors  through  on  the  spot  problem  solving  

PROPOSED  SOLUTIONS:  HIGH-­‐END  MANPOWER  DEVELOPMENT  

•  ConKlicts  between  private  players  and  universities  in  the  innovation  clusters  due  to  IPR  

•  Abiding  by  Non-­‐Disclosure  Agreements  as  multiple  companies  will  work  in  the  same  R&D  space    

•  Initial  cost  to  be  borne  by  the  Government  for  setting  up  facilities  •  Pertinent  challenge  of  corruption  in  setting  up  a  innovation  facilities  

Challenges and Risks

Sources •  The  2011  EU  Industrial  R&D  Investment  Scoreboard  :  hPp://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard11.html  •  NIC:  hpp://www.innovaUoncouncil.gov.in  •  Thomson  Reuters  Web  of  Knowledge  •  DST:  White  Paper  on  R&D:  dst.gov.in/white-­‐paper.pd  •  STI  Policy  2013  •  hpp://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33526.pdf  •  hpp://www.pppinindia.com/Defining-­‐PPP.php  •  hpp://www.stanford.edu/group/ICO/industry/industryAffiliate.html    

Acknowledgements •  Prof.  Udayan  Ganguly,  Electrical  Engineering,  IIT  Bombay  •  Prof.  S.D.  Jog,  Mechanical  Engineering,  IIT  Bombay