MANTHAN  

Brain  Gain:  Promoting  Research  and  Innovation  

 Yamini  Bansal  Madalsa  Singh  Saniya  Pawar  

Aaradhya  Srivastava    Ayush  Kanodia  

   Lack  of  Commercially  viable  research  •  India  filed  only  0.3%  of  total  world  

patents  compared  to  China  which  filed  as  many  as  15%.  

•  India’s  total  patent  output  from  1981-­‐2011  was  approximately  37,000.  

•  China’s  patent  output  during  the  same  period  exceeded  150,000.  

   

Lack  of  Innova5on-­‐driven  R&D  from  the  Private  Sector  •  India  has  only  14  companies  in  the  

2011  R&D  rankings  of  the  top  1400  world  companies  

•  The  highest  ranked  Indian  company,  Tata  Motors  stands  at  264th  in    comparison  to  General  Motors  which  is  9th  

Current Scenario of R&D in India

Migra5on  of  Indian  Graduates  Abroad  •  The  number  of  Indian  students  

studying  abroad  in  2010  was  2,00,621  •  Several  IT  graduates  had  leR  India  and  

emerged  as  important  Entrepreneurs  where  15%  of  the  start  ups  today  are  supposed  to  by  people  of  Indian  origin    

AMBIT  OF  THE  PROBLEM  

Low  research  &  Low  pracUcal  component  in  curriculum  

     

Absence  of  high-­‐knowledge  jobs  and  innovaUve  enterprises    

     

Lower  competency  at  the  world  market  in  terms  of  product  innovaUon  and  technologies    

   

India  sUll  relying  on  industries  harnessing  obsolete  techniques  

     

StagnaUon  of  innovaUon    at  the  University  Level  

StagnaUon  of  skills  at  the  Employability  Level  

 StagnaUon  of  technology  at  

Industry  Level    

StagnaUon  of  economy  due  to  non-­‐sustainability    

*Lack  of  commercially  viable  research    *Lack  of  monetary  incenUves  *Research  is  not  marketable  *OpportuniUes  to  enter  industrial    research  abroad  

*Companies  are  not  focusing    on  potenUal  technology  for  the  long  term  but  depending  on  exisUng  technology    *Absence  of  a  government-­‐backed  engagement  forum  for  high  end  technology  *Private  companies  driven  by  quarterly  profits  and  “Returns  on  Investment”  

*Companies  making  the  maximum  revenues  like  Indian  Oil  CorporaUon  are  not  those  which  heavily  depend  on  R&D  for  sustenance  *Lack  of  incenUve  to  invest  

*The  trend  in  the  private  sector  is  to  buy  technology  rather  than  undertake  high-­‐risk,  high-­‐investment  R&D  

AMBIT  OF  THE  PROBLEM  

PROPOSED  SOLUTION  

Market-­‐Driven  Industry-­‐Academia  Engagement  

Institute-­‐Industry  AfKiliate  Programs  

Training  for  high-­‐end  manpower  development  

Creation  of  Kield-­‐speciKic,  

collaborative  Innovation  Clusters  

We  suggest  ways  to  increase  the  %  contribu3on  of  the  Private  Sector  in  R&D  with    Academia  

Israel  spends  more  than  4%  of  GDP  in  Research  &  Development  (R&D)  while  Japan,  South  Korea  and  Scandinavian  countries  spend  more  than  3%.  US,  France,  Germany  spend  more  than  2%  and  China  spends  more  than  1.50%.  But  the  most  important  point  is,  in  all  these  countries,  Industry  spends  more  than  government  in  R&D;  in  some  countries,  3  3mes  more  than  Government  spending.  In  India,  while  total  spending  in  R&D  is  around  1%,  Government's  spending  is  2  to  3  3mes  more  than  that  of  Industry's.  

The  Industry  Innova0on  Clusters  under  Na0onal  Innova0on  Council  were  formed  with  the  objec0ve  of  catering  to  mutual  needs  of  industry  and  academia  by  providing  an  avenue  for  co-­‐opera0on.  Our  objec0ve  is  to  a@ract  private  investment  to  these  clusters  

To  increase  funds  and  expand  to  high-­‐end  technological  research,  we  propose:  •  CreaUon  of  clusters  specific  to  a  prominent  areas  of  research  like  Renewable  

Energy,  Nanotechnology,  CS-­‐IT,  Manufacturing  Processes    •  IntroducUon  of  lab  faciliUes  with  mulUple  university  partnerships  sponsored  

by  private  companies    •  Jointly  owned  lab  equipment  for  common  use  

 

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0  

Landscaping   ConceptualizaUon   Product  Design   Servicing  Product  TesUng   Sales  

University  Professors  and  Researchers  can  assist  the  companies  here  

Why  is  this  beJer  than  them  working  in  their  own  R&D  labs?  •  Jointly  owned  expensive  infrastructure  •  Pre-­‐compeUUve  knowledge  sharing    •  Opportunity  to  invest  in  high-­‐risk  research  •  Access  to  mulUtudes  of  technology  on  the  same  ground  •  High  concentraUon  of  experts  from  various  fields  

Implementation  PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0    

• The  government  will  set  aside  an  iniUal  seed  capital  for  the  NaUonal  InnovaUon  Council  to  develop  these  high-­‐end  technology  clusters  IniUal  capital  investment  

• Private  Companies  in  all  sectors  will  be  invited    to  be  signatories  to  an  agreement  that  would  enable  them  to  sponsor  the  sejng  up  their  field-­‐specific  faciliUes  and  secure  returns  on  their  engagement.  

Invite  companies  to  be  voluntary  signatories  

• A  panel  consisUng  of  senior  research  scienUsts  and  industrial  representaUve  will  be  set  up  to  evaluate  the  prospecUve  areas  of  research  working  with  NaUonal  InnovaUon  Council  • The  panel  will  be  required  to  submit  detailed  proposals  on  the  resources  (lab  equipment  etc.)  required  for  the  sejng  up  of  each  cluster  

IdenUficaUon  of  potenUal  areas  of  research    

• ConstrucUon  of  the  facility  and  procurement  of  required  lab  equipments  in  a  specified  Ume  frame  • They  will  hold  regular  convenUons  to  make  road-­‐maps  for  development  and  idea-­‐exchange  Sejng  up  

• Quarterly  meeUngs  will  be  held  at  the  clusters  to  facilitate  dialogue  between  private  companies  and  universiUes  to  review  current  work  and  evaluate  future  requirements  of  funding  • A  contact  point  will  be  provided  to  both  universiUes  and  industries  to  facilitate  easy  communicaUon  

ConUnuing  Engagement  

Stake-­‐Holder  Analysis  

R&D  

Government  of  India  

Private  Players  

Technical  Start-­‐Ups  

University  Partners  

*IniUal  Funding  for  basic  infrastructure  (Upto  10  years)  

*Consistent  flow  of    funds  

*Technical  SoluUons  *OpUmized  products  *Government    incenUves    

*Opportunity  to  produce  prototypes  (linking  technological  development  to  commercial  products  )  *Infrastructure  *Challenging  problems  

*New  Ideas/SoluUons  *Consultancy  

*Funds  *Marketable  ideas  

*Infrastructure  *HR  *IncubaUon  *Technical  assistance  

Technical  research  of  *Strategic  importance  *Healthcare  *Socio-­‐Economic    

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  INNOVATION  CLUSTERS  2.0    

University  of  Stanford  currently  has  more  40  academic  department-­‐corporate  affiliate  programs,  from  startups  to  mature  corporates,  to  provide  educa0on,  research  partnership  and  connec0ons  to  world  class  faculty  and  students    

PROPOSED  SOLUTION:  AFFILIATE  PROGRAMS  

FormaUon  of  inter-­‐disciplinary  centers  within  universiUes  keeping  the  need  of  the  industry  in  mind  

Industries  enter  into  affiliate  programs  with  these  centers  based  on  research  requirements    

Companies  engage  for  consultancy,  tesUng  faciliUes,  process  opUmizaUon  and  technical  approvals      

Impact:  1.  Removes  the  hassles  involved  for  companies  

requiring  soluUons  to  mulU-­‐disciplinary  problems    

2.  Students  working  in  the  department/research  lab  get  hands-­‐on  experience  of  industry  problem  statements  

3.  Introduces  the  relevance  of  applied  research  in  the  university  

4.  Involves  the  pumping  of  money  in  the  department/research  facility  as  opposed  to  the  money  earned  by  professors  through  individual  consultancy  as  in  status  quo  

5.  Opportunity  for  Industries  to  work  with  the  pool  of  scienUfic  experUse  from  abroad  through  the  network  of  the  exisUng  professors  

ImplementaUon:  1.  IdenUficaUon  of  prospecUve  problems  areas  

in  industries  involving  mulUdisciplinary  research  

2.  Designing  a  legal  framework  for  the  affiliate  program  (resources  to  be  shared,  funds  to  be  provided)    

3.  Holding  annual  meeUngs  to  review  progress  of  the  program  and  anUcipate  future  requirements  

4.  Giving  enough  flexibility  to  exercise  IPR  to  both  the  industry  and  university  

Descrip5on   Implementa5on   Impact  Fellowships  &  Exchange  Programs  

Private  companies  will  consUtute  fellowship  programs/  exchange  programs  to  enable  university  students  to  work  with  industrial  research  groups  within  their  faciliUes  for  product  innovaUon  and  opUmizaUon      

-­‐Provision  of  salary,  awards,  fringe  benefits  and  project  costs    -­‐PotenUal  of  becoming  a  permanent  employee  of  the  company    -­‐A  review  team  of  the  private  company  to  execute  selecUon  procedure,  performance  based  review  of  the  fellow    

University:    •  Increasing  employability  of  

the  students  of  the  university  

•  Making  higher  educaUon  cost  effecUve  

Industry:  •  Employment  of  newly  

acquired  technical  experUse  •  PotenUal  long  term  

employability  with  reduced  risk  

 

Short  Term  Courses  at  University  for  Industry  employees  

-­‐Specific  courses  designed  to  keep  industries  up  to  date  with  current  technology  with  a  special  emphasis  on  small  scale  industries    -­‐  Hands  on  training  about  latest  lab  equipment  and  technology  development    

-­‐1-­‐2  week  courses/seminars    -­‐Publicity  for  available  courses  through  the  university  webpage  and  industry  convenUons          

University:    •  Funding  and  remunera5on  

in  lieu  of  the  knowledge  •  Use  of  academic  concepts  in  

prac5cal  industrial  projects  

Industry:    •  Up-­‐to  date  manpower  •  Technology  up-­‐gradaUon    •  InteracUon  with  Professors  

through  on  the  spot  problem  solving  

PROPOSED  SOLUTIONS:  HIGH-­‐END  MANPOWER  DEVELOPMENT  

CHALLENGES  AND  MITIGATION  

• Private  companies  may  not  find  it  lucraUve  to  invest  in  research  owing  to  their  immediate  goals  of  quarterly  profits  • PotenUal  offering  of  fiscal  grants  &  other  incenUves  to  companies  to  reduce  risk  

Industries  driven  by  ‘Return  on  Investment’  

•   Academia  and  industries  might  not  appreciate  the  mutual  benefits  of  the  symbiosis  • Successful  implementaUon  on  forums  like  idea-­‐exchange  &  convenUons  to  bring  about  direct  interacUon    

Unawareness  about  mutual  benefits  

• Industry  and  academia  may  not  come  on  agreeable  terms  over  the  possession  of  IPR    concerning      the  newly  developed  technologies  • Strengthening  the  naUonal  IPR  and  patent  laws  to  safeguard  research  and  innovaUon  • Revising  IPR  policies  at  the  University  level  to  facilitate  commercializaUon  of  a  student’s  research  and  thesis  

Intellectual  Property  Conflict  

• Challenge  of  striking  a  balance  between  the  flexibility  of  academic  research  and  market-­‐driven  industrial  research  • Earmark  a  certain  amount  of    Government  fund  to  be  invested  in  fundamental  research  

Applied  vs.  Pure  research  

• PotenUal  misuse  of  funds,  red  tape  for  approvals,  corrupUon  on  a  government  level  • Lobbying  by  industries  to  further  their  self-­‐interests  based  on  profitability  instead  of  promoUng  innovaUve  technologies  • Robust  overseeing  of  implementaUon  through  periodic  reviews  &  centralized  audiUng  facility  (website)  by  commiqee,  academia  and  industry  alike  

Bureaucracy  &  Lobbying  

SOURCES •  White  Paper  on  R&D  :  Department  of  Science  &  Technology,  Government  of  India  •  InnovaUon  and  Growth  :  RaUonale  for  an  InnovaUve  Strategy,  OrganizaUon  for  

Economic  CooperaUon  and  Development  •  Japanese  Research  and  InnovaUon  Policy,  published  by  VINNOVA  •  Challenges  in  Industry-­‐Academia  CollaboraUon  by  Pankaj  Jalote,  Dept  of  CSE,  IIT  

Kanpur    •  www.bricdata.com  •  Building  Bricks  :  Exploring  Global  Research  and  InnovaUon  impact  of  Brazil,  Russia,  

India,  China,  South  Korea  by  Thomson  Reuters  •  hqp://corporate.stanford.edu/affiliate_programs.html  •  Science  and  Technology  InnovaUon  Policy  2013,  Government  of  India  •  NaUonal  InnovaUon  Council,  Government  of  India  •  Project  Atlas  :  India,  InsUtute  for  InternaUonal  EducaUon  •  Special  Thanks  to  Prof.  Udayan  Ganguly,  Dept.  of  Electrical  Engineering  and  Prof.  

S.D.Jog,  Dept.  of  Mechanical  Engineering  at  IIT  Bombay