IJMT Vol 1 Issue 4 Abstract 1

IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us

1

September

2011

International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249-1058)

CONTENTS

Sr.

No. TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S) Page

No.

1 Comparative study of International vs. Traditional HRM Issues and Challenges.

Sirous Fakhimi-Azar, Farhad Nezhad Haji Ali Irani and Mohammad Reza Noruzi 6-7

2 An Analytical Study of Marketing of Banking Services of SBI and HDFC Bank in Borivali Suburb,

Mumbai.

Dr. M. N. Sondge and Prof. T. B. Gadhave

8-9

3 Investor’s Awareness and Preference Towards Mutual Funds Investments - Some Survey Evidences.

Dr. Megha Sandeep Somani 10-11

4 The Implication of Moral Intelligence and Effectiveness in Organization; Are They Interrelated?

Gholam Reza Rahimi 12-13

5 Magnitude and Compensability of Industrial Accidents in Nepal.

Dr. Shyam Bahadur Katuwal 14-15

6 Marketing of Dwcra Products A New Pardigm for Combating Rural Poverty - A Case Study Of

Andhra Pradesh.

Dr. K. Lalith and Prof. G. Prasad

16-17

7 Analyzed Traffic Through Switches In The Design of LANs using OPNET MODELER.

Mr. Ishu Gupta, Dr. Harsh Sadawarti and Dr. S. N. Panda 18-19

8 Customer Satisfaction of Retail Consumers With Special Relevance To Organized Retail Outlets In

Chennai City.

Anita Priscilla .J and Dr. Shanthi

20-21

9 Cluster Based Mutation Testing Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous N-MUTANTS.

Mr. Ajay Jangra and Ms. Jasleen kaur 22-23

10 Review of Supply Chain Management for Modeling and Integration in Indian Electronics &

Telecommunication industry.

Parul Goyal

24-25

11 Issues and Perspectives on Two fundamental Intangible Assets in Organizations; Intellectual and

Social Capitals.

Firouze Azizi and Mohammad Reza Noruzi

26-27

12 Management of Transportation System and Prioritization of Transport Infrastructure Projects.

Jayanti De, Dr. Sudip Kumar Roy and Dr. Madhumati Dutta 28-29

13 Mobile Learning Empowering Rural Women A study of Vidiyal (NGO) in Theni District,

TAMILNADU.

Dr. (Mrs.) S. Hasan Banu

30-31

14 A study on point of purchase - An Advertising and Selling Technique.

Mrs. Priti Jeevan 32-33


A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.


2

September

2011

Chief Patron Dr. JOSE G. VARGAS-HERNANDEZ

Member of the National System of Researchers, Mexico

Research professor at University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences,

University of Guadalajara

Director of Mass Media at Ayuntamiento de Cd. Guzman

Ex. director of Centro de Capacitacion y Adiestramiento

Patron Dr. Mohammad Reza Noruzi

PhD: Public Administration, Public Sector Policy Making Management,

Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran

Young Researchers' Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

Editorial Board

Dr. CRAIG E. REESE Professor, School of Business, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens

Dr. S. N. TAKALIKAR Principal, St. Johns Institute of Engineering, PALGHAR (M.S.)

Dr. RAMPRATAP SINGH Professor, Bangalore Institute of International Management, KARNATAKA

Dr. P. MALYADRI Principal, Government Degree College, Osmania University, TANDUR

Dr. Y. LOKESWARA CHOUDARY Asst. Professor Cum, SRM B-School, SRM University, CHENNAI

Prof. Dr. TEKI SURAYYA Professor, Adikavi Nannaya University, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA




3

September

2011

Dr. T. DULABABU Principal, The Oxford College of Business Management, BANGALORE

Dr. A. ARUL LAWRENCE SELVAKUMAR Professor, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, MELMARAVATHUR, TN

Dr. S. D. SURYAWANSHI Lecturer, College of Engineering Pune, SHIVAJINAGAR

Dr. S. KALIYAMOORTHY Professor & Director, Alagappa Institute of Management, KARAIKUDI

Prof S. R. BADRINARAYAN Sinhgad Institute for Management & Computer Applications, PUNE

Mr. GURSEL ILIPINAR ESADE Business School, Department of Marketing, SPAIN

Mr. ZEESHAN AHMED Software Research Eng, Department of Bioinformatics, GERMANY

Mr. SANJAY ASATI

Dept of ME, M. Patel Institute of Engg. & Tech., GONDIA(M.S.)

Mr. G. Y. KUDALE

N.M.D. College of Management and Research, GONDIA(M.S.)

Editorial Advisory Board

Dr.MANJIT DAS Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Economics, M.C.College, ASSAM

Dr. ROLI PRADHAN Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, BHOPAL




4

September

2011

Dr. N. KAVITHA Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Mekelle University, ETHIOPIA

Prof C. M. MARAN Assistant Professor (Senior), VIT Business School, TAMIL NADU

DR. RAJIV KHOSLA Associate Professor and Head, Chandigarh Business School, MOHALI

Dr. S. K. SINGH Asst. Professor, R. D. Foundation Group of Institutions, MODINAGAR

Dr. (Mrs.) MANISHA N. PALIWAL Associate Professor, Sinhgad Institute of Management, PUNE

DR. (Mrs.) ARCHANA ARJUN GHATULE Director, SPSPM, SKN Sinhgad Business School, MAHARASHTRA

DR. NEELAM RANI DHANDA Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, kuk, HARYANA

Dr. FARAH NAAZ GAURI Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada

University, AURANGABAD

Prof. Dr. BADAR ALAM IQBAL Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, UP

Associate Editors

Dr. SANJAY J. BHAYANI Associate Professor ,Department of Business Management, RAJKOT (INDIA)

MOID UDDIN AHMAD Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA

Dr. SUNEEL ARORA Assistant Professor, G D Goenka World Institute, Lancaster University, NEW DELHI




5

September

2011

Mr. P. PRABHU Assistant Professor, Alagappa University, KARAIKUDI

Mr. MANISH KUMAR Assistant Professor, DBIT, Deptt. Of MBA, DEHRADUN

Mrs. BABITA VERMA Assistant Professor, Bhilai Institute Of Technology, DURG

Ms. MONIKA BHATNAGAR Assistant Professor, Technocrat Institute of Technology, BHOPAL

Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA Assistant Professor, CSE Department of ITM University, GURGAON




6

September

2011

Comparative study of International vs.

Traditional HRM

Issues and Challenges

Sirous Fakhimi-Azar

Business Management, PhD

Assistant Professor,

Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran

Farhad Nezhad Haji

Ali Irani

Public Management, PhD

Islamic Azad University, Bonab Branch, Iran

Mohammad Reza

Noruzi

EMBA, PhD Student

Policy Making in Public Sector


Young Researchers Club Member,


Title

Author(s)




7

September

2011

Abstract:

In the globalization process every co operations and firms, small or big national or multinational

ones manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers around the world i.e. they

became globally. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national

borders (Globalization, 2005). They should obey from the laws that are now globally not locally.

During this process there is one risen issue called IHRM and it has its related issues.

This paper aims to study some effects of globalization and IHRM in detail.

Keyword: Globalization, IHRM, Management, Effects of Globalization on IHRM




8

September

2011

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MARKETING OF

BANKING SERVICES OF SBI AND HDFC BANK IN

BORIVALI SUBURB, MUMBAI

Dr. M. N. SONDGE

Associate Prof & Head, UG/PG Deptt. Of Commerce &

Management Dnyanopasak Arts, Com. and Sci. College

Parbhani

Prof. T. B. Gadhave

Lecturer in Commerece Sydenham College of Commerce and

Economics, Churchgate, Mumbai – 400 020.

Title

Author(s)




9

September

2011

ABSTRACT:

In banking, marketing and quality of customer service holds primary significance to

sustain the business growth. An appropriate marketing strategy or promotion mix can be used not

only for marketing and to attract customers, but also to hold them by creating brand loyalty and

trust. It may be in different or various ways like a advertisement, a sales campaign, melas and

fairs ,word of mouth, personal interaction, direct mailing to customers etc. The main aim or goal

of marketing is to persuade the customer to buy its products in preference to other similar

products available in the market. Earlier banking was concerned only with traditional services

and activities. But at present banking is catering entire requirement of individual customer and is

emerging as potential sector for the consistent growth of business and commercial industries.

Customer relation and retention is priority of the banks. In the present study, an attempt is made

to study the quality of service provided by the SBI and HDFC bank. The main aim of this

research paper is to assess and re-asses how banks are marketing their products and services and

how customers capture and perceive bank services, what are the emerging customers

requirements and expectations, and to study customer satisfaction level with banking services

provided by the SBI and HDFC Bank. The researcher has taken a sample of 340 respondents

from SBI and HDFC Bank in Borivali region and has conducted responses about marketing

strategies of these banks through questionnaire method. The data so collected have been

tabulated and analyzed to arrive at conclusion on the above topic. The research concluded that

SBI provides better services to their customers than HDFC Bank. The customers of SBI are more

satisfied with traditional banking services and Bank Accounts as compared to HDFC Bank

whereas customers of HDFC Bank are more satisfied with innovative technology based counter

services, ancillary services, single window services provided by the bank.

Key words: SBI and HDFC Bank, customer satisfaction, post-reform, percent, ranks, chi square

test.




10

September

2011

INVESTOR’S AWARENESS AND PREFERENCE

TOWARDS MUTUAL FUNDS INVESTMENTS-

SOME SURVEY EVIDENCES

Dr. Megha Sandeep Somani

Senior Lecturer in Commerce,

SMT. MMK College of Commerce and Economic

Mumbai

Title

Author(s)




11

September

2011

ABSTRACT:

In few years Mutual Fund has emerged as a tool for ensuring one’s financial well being. As

information and awareness is rising more and more people are enjoying the benefits of investing

in mutual funds. But still many others are there, who are unaware from this financial instrument.

So, this survey is conducted to know about people awareness and perception about mutual funds.

Study is also extended to suggest them either to stay ahead with their selected funds or to switch

to some others. Funds are evaluated on the basis of return and risk parameters, which will help

the investor to take further decisions in investment. Survey has suggested the investors’ different

ratios on whose basis they can take decisions while investing in mutual funds.




12

September

2011

The Implication of Moral Intelligence and

Effectiveness in Organization;

Are They Interrelated?

Gholam Reza Rahimi

Assistant Professor, Public Administration, PhD

Islamic Azad University, Jolfa, Branch, Iran

Title

Author(s)




13

September

2011

Abstract:

Moral intelligence is one of the most important factors that can increase effectiveness and

efficiency, the two important factors that every organization wants to be survived in chaotic

market should concentrate more on them.

Mainly researchers when they want to moral intelligence they study the effects of it on other

related issues like organizational effectiveness.

This paper investigates the moral intelligence and effectiveness in organization.

Keywords: Moral intelligence, Effectiveness, Management, Organization.




14

September

2011

Magnitude and Compensability of

Industrial Accidents in Nepal

Dr. Shyam Bahadur Katuwal

Reader in Management

Post Graduate Campus, TU

Biratnagar, Nepal

Title

Author(s)




15

September

2011

Abstract:

As the study has attempted to assess the magnitudes of industrial accidents in Nepal after the

enactment of Labor Act 1992 in order to observe the effectiveness of the provision of health and

safety measures in reducing incidence, frequency and severity of industrial accident. On the

calculation of these indicators based on the secondary data observed inconsistency in the

reduction between severity of industrial accidents and frequency and incidence rate of industrial

accidents indicating seriousness of the accident and increasing the compensation and premium of

insurance. Among the industrial accidents, more than fifty percent of them were compensable in

nature indicating a significant loss of job and economic loss of workers and performance and

productivity of the concerned enterprises. Thus, concerned parties are suggested to form a

multipartite committee and organize sensitivity training to workers in every enterprise to manage

the issue of industrial safety effectively and efficiently in Nepal.

Key words: Compensability of accidents, Frequency of industrial accidents, Incidence of

industrial accident, Industrial safety, Role of stakeholders and Severity of industrial accidents.




16

September

2011

MARKETING OF DWCRA PRODUCTS A NEW

PARDIGM FOR COMBATING RURAL POVERTY-

A CASE STUDY OF ANDHRA PRADESH

DR. K. LALITH

Principal, K.C.Reddy P.G.College,

Jangamguntlapalem, Medikonduru,GunturDt

PROF. G. PRASAD

Principal Arts,Commerce and Law College, Acharya Nagarjuna University,

Nagarjunanagar,GunturDt

Title

Author(s)




17

September

2011

Abstract:

Development is a continual process where there is always scope for improvement. Though many

governmental agencies are working, and various schemes for improvement of living conditions

of the rural and urban poor have been initiated, the rapid increase in population becomes a

challenge in providing the basic amenities to the poor and marginalized. The diversified income

drainage in the form of usurious interest to money lenders charging exorbitant interest rates,

extravagant expenditure on festivals and functions, alcoholism, dowry, and other social problems

coupled with very low socio economic status of women, both in the family as well as in the

society developing countries. Inspirit of the many programmes undertaken for the betterment of

women’s position, it is only the DWCRA that has mobilized the women’s involvement both in

rural and urban areas.

DWCRA programme has particularly given psychological confidence in tackling issues by

women groups.

DWCRA has trained the women’s groups for better involvement in all aspects of the

community development and prepared them to shoulder higher responsibility and share in

the work of the community.

DWCRA has particularly made the women group realize their potential in various

activities by pooling together their small resources.




18

September

2011

Analyzed Traffic through switches in

the design of LANs using OPNET MODELER

Mr. Ishu Gupta

Asst. Prof. RIMT-MAEC, Mandi Gobindgarh

Punjab, India

Dr. Harsh Sadawarti

Professor & Principal RIMT-IET,

Mandi Gobindgarh Punjab, India

Dr. S. N. Panda

Professor & Principal RIMT-IMCT, Mandi Gobindgarh

Punjab, India

Title

Author(s)




19

September

2011

Abstract:

The corporate LAN has evolved from a passive background business component to a highly

active, highly visible core asset that enterprises rely on to support day-to-day operations critical

to their market success. Today’s network is a strategic instrument that must be accessible

anytime from anywhere—simultaneously offering fast, secure, reliable services at scale

regardless of location. It has also evolved from traditional client/server data flow support to

peer-to-peer flow support, and it must also accommodate an increasing number of devices and

services. The main aim of this research paper is to demonstrate the need for implementation of

switches in the design of LANs using OPNET-MODELER. The performance of a 16-station

LAN using first a simple hub, and then a switch and two hubs is compared. By analyzing the

graphs, it is concluded that traffic performance of a network after deploying switches is better.

Keywords: OPNET-MODELER, Traffic analysis, Switches over Hub, Design of LANs,

Performance of Switches




20

September

2011

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF RETAIL

CONSUMERS WITH SPECIAL RELEVANCE TO

ORGANIZED RETAIL OUTLETS IN CHENNAI CITY

Anita Priscilla .J


Department of Commerce,

Women’s Christian College, Chennai-6

Dr. Shanthi


Department of Commerce,

University of Madras, Chennai-5

Title

Author(s)




21

September

2011

ABSTRACT:

In the present era, customer is the center point of all marketing activities. Creating and

maintaining a regular assessment of consumer satisfaction is therefore very important for

business managers, marketers and retailers as well as financial managers among others (Wilkie,

1986). The objective of the present research is to examine the relationship between customer

satisfaction and store-related and consumer-related factors which leads to loyalty to a particular

retail outlet. The consumer-related factors are minimal checkout delay, security, assistance

available and convenience. The store-related factors are internal and external design, product

category assortment and good management. On surveying 141 organized retail shoppers in

Chennai city it was found that there was significant relationship between consumer-related and

store-related factors and customer satisfaction except product assortment factor. So by

identifying the factors that satisfy customers, with the relevant innovative strategies will help the

Indian retailers to satisfy customers and build a long lasting relationship.

Key Words: Customer Satisfaction, Customer-related factors – Minimal check out delay,

security, Assistance available and Convenience, Store-related factors – Internal External design,

Product category assortment and Good management.




22

September

2011

CLUSTER BASED MUTATION TESTING USING

HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS

N-MUTANTS

Mr. Ajay Jangra

CSE Department

U.I.E.T. Kurukshetra University,

Kurukshetra, INDIA

Ms. Jasleen kaur

CSE Department

U.I.E.T. Kurukshetra University,

Kurukshetra, INDIA

Title

Author(s)




23

September

2011

ABSTRACT:

Mutation testing is to check the quality of test cases by changing code. The proposal examines

mutation testing based on clusters.Clusters contains homogeneous and heterogeneous mutants. It

consists two mutagens in it and by one time only one mutagen (mutant) can be selected for

performing mutation testing. Mutants can be homogeneous type or it can be heterogeneous

mutants. Selection of number of mutants depends upon number of clusters working for the code.

This paper represents cluster based testing using homogeneous and heterogeneous mutants. This

is divided into three sections. Section 1, Section 2 and Section 3 described about homogeneous,

heterogeneous and hybrid (homogeneous/ heterogeneous) mutants. For mutation generation, a

tester can generate mutants according to number of clusters. Number of cluster is equivalent to

number of mutants. After modifying original code, collaboration of all mutants performed which

shows by end a tester can perform mutation on huge number of mutants. This paper explores the

ideas of collaboration of cluster covers large number of mutants.

Keywords: Mutant, Mutation Operator, Equivalent Mutant, Test cases, Clusters.




24

September

2011

Review of Supply Chain Management for

Modeling and Integration in Indian

Electronics & Telecommunication

industry

Parul Goyal

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology,

Dehradun, INDIA

Title

Author(s)




25

September

2011

Abstract:

Supply Chain Management is a network of facilities that produce raw materials, transform them

into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products to customers through a

distribution system. Supply chain modeling and integration is gaining importance from

academics and practitioners as supply chain management is becoming an essential tool in today’s

competitive business environment. Supply Chain Management has become company’s strategy

to increase their competitiveness.

The paper presents statistical analysis of the literature survey indicating the usefulness of the

findings to the industries contemplating implementation of SCM practices. The findings will

provide important implications for the management in the industries to understand determinants

that contribute to the SCM success. Companies can enhance their SCM performance by

improving the current practices/strategies by focusing on the determinants that significantly

influence SCM performance.




26

September

2011

Issues and Perspectives on Two fundamental

Intangible Assets in Organizations;

Intellectual and Social Capitals

Firouze Azizi

Economics, PhD

Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad Reza Noruzi

EMBA, PhD Candidate

Public Administration, Policy Making in

Public Sector

Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Title

Author(s)




27

September

2011

Abstract:

Today’s turbulent markets and speed of globalization has caused companies to be equipped with

other assets called intangible. Before the contemporary markets and SMEs have been emerged,

just having the tangible assets would be enough to be survived in that past markets. also The

decreased cost of information flow increases in the number of, the liberalization of product and

labor markets in many parts of the world, and the deregulation of international financial flows

have changed the equations of markets and organizations in general (Teece, 2002). This paper

aims to review the Intellectual capital and social capital and their impact in organizations in

brief.

Key Words: Intellectual Capital, Social Capital, Management




28

September

2011

MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

AND PRIORITIZATION OF TRANSPORT

INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

Jayanti De

Assistant Professor

Transportation & Logistics Management (MPSM

Department)

Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business

Management

Kolkata-700 073, West Bengal

Dr. Sudip Kumar Roy

Professor

Civil Engineering Department

Bengal Engineering and Science University

Shibpur, Howrah

West Bengal

Dr. Madhumati Dutta

Professor

Humanities Department

Bengal Engineering and Science University

Shibpur, Howrah

West Bengal

Title

Author(s)




29

September

2011

Abstract:

The increasing demand for transport services in Indian cities has been observed due to increases

in population, increases in household income, and increases in economic activities. Traffic

congestion problem is a serious hindrance to economic growth as transport is a basic economic

infrastructure for any economy. In most of the Indian cities, congestion and delays are ever

increasing and the supply of road space is becoming highly insufficient. Countries try to solve

congestion problem by constructing new roads, widening of existing roads or construction of

flyovers or underpasses. Such infrastructure development programs take place either to create

alternate roads for particular destination or to segregate through-traffic from cross- traffic at

various road intersections. In the large metropolitan cities of India, journeys along the roads are

characterized by low travel speed, delays at the road intersections and infrastructural

inadequacies in the road network. It is essential to judge the priority of development of transport

infrastructure at different alternate locations using scarce economic resources before such

construction takes place. Present study intends to discuss about the existing techniques used by

the planners to evaluate investment projects and considers the applicability of Multi Criteria

Analysis technique as a tool for that in the form of a case study.

Key Words: Grade separated paths, Cost Benefit Analysis, Multi Criteria Analysis,

Concordance Index, Volume- Capacity Ratio.




30

September

2011

MOBILE LEARNING EMPOWERING RURAL WOMEN

A STUDY OF VIDIYAL (NGO) IN THENI DISTRICT,

TAMILNADU

Dr. (Mrs.) S. HASAN BANU

Associate Professor & Research Supervisor,

Principal investigator UGC Major Research Project,

PG and research Department of Commerce,

H K R H College, UTHAMAPALAYAM – 625 533.

Theni –District, TamilNadu,

India.

Title

Author(s)




31

September

2011

Abstract:

Seventy-five per cent of the world’s poorest people – 1.05 billion women,

children and man – live in rural areas and depend on agriculture and related activities for their

livelihoods. Conventional wisdom would lead us to believe that for them mobile phone is a

luxury. But we are wrong!

A recent World Bank study states that ―there is a myth that the rural poor are not

able or not willing to pay for mobile telecommunication services‖. Mobile phone’s accessibility

has allowed previously marginalized groups with no access to basic service to take an active part

in the economic and social spheres of their communities. This social and economic inclusion has

led to the willingness of poor rural households to spend 4-8% of their income on mobile

telephony.

The mobile telephony revolution is contributing substantially to achieving the targets of

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially MDG1 ―Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger‖ and more specifically to the target of ―Halving, the proportion of people whose income

is less than $1 a day by 2015‖. Africa would not be lagging behind on a number of MDGs,

however, if back in 2000 world leaders has established an MDG similar to ―Achieving universal

primary education‖ (MDG2) for mobile telephony called ―Achieving universal access‖ then,

Africa would have met the targets with flying marks.




32

September

2011

A study on point of purchase -

An advertising and selling technique

Mrs. Priti Jeevan

Asst Prof,

Srinivas Institute of Management Studies,

Pandeshwar, Mangalore.

Title

Author(s)




33

September

2011

Abstract:

The term Point –Of –Purchase, or POP, refers to the promotional graphics focused on

influencing consumer behavior at the moment of purchasing decision. Point –of –Purchase

displays are driving a retail revolution. They are enabling true dynamic selling. The presentation

of the product and merchandise is almost as important as the product itself. There is only one

chance to make a first impression and it has to be a good one. Point of Purchase displays or POP

presentations can be anything from stock corrugated floor stand or counter displays to acrylic or

corrugated ballot boxes to elaborate custom die-cut & printed stand up displays. In recent years,

the point of purchase for products and services has become an important focus for marketers,

because consumers tend to make purchasing decisions on very high-margin products or services

at these strategic locations.

On a macro-level, a point of purchase may be a mall, market or city. On a micro-level, retailers

consider a point of purchase to be the area surrounding the counter where customers pay. It is

also known as "point of sale". Points of purchase may be real, as in the case of a "brick and

mortar" store, or virtual, as in the case of an electronic retailer that sells goods and services over

the internet. Most purchase decisions are made at the shelf during just a few critical seconds. The

ability for a product to attract shoppers’ visual attention has a strong influence on the choices

they make – products that are unseen are often unsold.

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