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LIB RY

SPE IAL LLECTIONS

l' iitl 1 l

I c au h( r· { n pubh Jtion . 11 u c oAany I .irt ofth1~ puth Jtion rcprodu cd, tran min ·i, 111 an· tC.mn or

11 a tr m . me hmi~ JI, photo op 'ln~, re ordm , or oth rw1 · -,or ~tor· I in .1

I , cm. \1 hout nor ment of the publt her 1 an inrnng mcnc of th op ·nght l.1w.

Ill i le:

on fl fl

H .. 0-9_0. 97 -9 3

enrur ".

,91-09121 -0

l· IT< R: I oy ~ \1k1

. T En OR' Irene • 1c hoda RJ, • Bo,\RD ieorgc Ro cring, I ctcr Quartcrmain

, hmm , '1 hol , harlc \ art 1 Jenny I enbcrthy l· n RL L .\ll\'1 oR.S Robin Ill er, I ctcr Buitcnhui ,

hirlc: • . \:uman, mar Kambourch RE, R ·: C Im me. ioodman

OR'

rratefull a kno ledges rhc finan 1al ' s1mn t u

j

lbcrta Foundation or the Lit ·r.iry \n•.,

nuwlcd '<'' the 111 n ial ~\t\tan c o '1mon Fr. c1

Brimh ( olurnb1 1 throu 1h the 'lirmt ni vcr~11 y, The

ol 'I Ollll\!11,

l n. Ii n \.1 zm

11 m rt 1 tr

I 1

J'un. N

I

,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, 5

o Jwr D

I

: I 11 to• icws/ 1

\. l TIM H l ':i l R El IT< ~

.i 1is/J.1t01} , ."

. :n \RR

Jkn u1. 011t1111tity and I ~- awa: .11 hHOTlfW with I plmc \Jar/ rt/ 99

l O H l . '/ \\OR.\

1 nt1-r1 rtw of Liond Ya1rns/ 10

IIRI:..E: 1·iticnl Es a is/ 11

\ ' RR!· . T I I ' L\. '

1 Uri1fRuro-lntroductio11 to Ti h/ 115

' h . , ·rn RI

1 Ion• the Tish Poets awe to I11j7ue11 cr the fontrca/ , cent/ 120

1 T. L \ 1 \. pn . · , Trn 11.1/n t io11 A to Z: ores on Daph11e M rlntt s n Ili tori·/ 123

E. 1 B1 OD .JTI

1-r rnk I n Pe'. ;ritic as 1ttobiograp/Jcr/ 130

L · •1 ·1 flt '. -nR

H ir 1'01 n: •· Fen rs of Referentiality/ 14~

JI I· RKS I •. '

'/01·111i11.11 lmlf /on Frtd Wah// 161

II

1·1111 If rl t' Com11mi11, 1 Sto> •: l ul. !f1JJfmnr/J)'lh· \ ate l Jrtof thc\ orld//O(J

J 'l'J.

1 1To11 1 uc/ / 1

' i I 'or~ 1 , mul F1·(1/ W 1/J J l).J

i Ott 01. 01 l 1lmtor /

l· ll h l> \\'J\11

, ,., r' ll /'0 1· 111 1

.llld the

u ndn t ht· •u 1

111 tht 'hl \\ Ill· l r. in drin . .,. up the I 1

\ llll I\,\ . Ill\ l

' HI! t.' ~ . \111 jllilll

I h l.' 1 , .l I ,\ l lH l he \

\' lll

' l h '\ re

I. I)

,, L hin • n ca tho[ c n that b at ing three tim a fa t a :m

'h uld

1 .l/ini

t ,'S ra pubt.

'I h( harbc ur i · (, ~ horn !aim

)mconc wa\e n ky .

r th larg

all

car and the ie\ . ut ther a minor fi urth bun · of lifi . un glint ff a '~ ·nd hi Id .

dr wn . B at b b. taring at th \VJter

April or mn be March

u t thi'i han c touching of y u each night tlw. build-up in our b n und r lcep' murky plan th1. n.: crvoir unfamiliar language rH.: .1r you thi disturbed tu g f body limb heart -logged thi ·horc r that thi llailin' mind behind ur tired igh all that on.: root

, II ni •ht the as izc o they ar he I I this Ii c at re\ i\td an •k and intc I· t hi l.rnwu r or \1m:ri a' c •c II • round u "-.111 ;111 month' mcagcrncs "

c er 1 d.1y pre ious ton 1 uin 'Sac cnr c er 1 I llo. t throu ·h the dark rctr ch , n c er

\ ll Im tlH: fin. I oordinatcs

r lu I I n I 11111 I •I. . 11 I ii 11 11 ,

Ill\ \ l

ii 11

Ill l\C I

lurnh Ill l I Ill 11101 •ju l l ru h I lu u m

I J' JI II II

mm I

piri .. tum n tum t

,anj utline fnam

• n.: birch r) n thin r m. in • ftcr th ,,. r

- pt 't rd , ''cc lc1v

Ii ub tr tc moti n )f the t r~

he.: ton ~u' lit ·r ... 11 1 in thr ugh th e i n

l un Ir r with u th b d u1uhk to un attcr the atter trcmcn lou v lumc f Ii ht

l h1 1 their white bark v. hi h her < r.Kh phra c the r' t oil

me UIH3tn, re n r k

k;rn t. llcr . hcd them uth book of chc.: ore t un ut hill i c

c.:11 -int<:r. 1cwcd wh, r fork, weep

RI. rto r ic n 11 rl Poct1:v n 11 rf 1"rf lV n /J

1. Rhct< ri • nd t:try

. \ 1 .1rl · 1 ir ncv n e :ai :i, it' hard r parat · m 1 th an i rc.1lity. lfhis point'' .1, th .ll

111 th 1 rt cl a kind rcali / th n hi crvati n. pplics rca iii: to rhc Ion' ,111 I

u1H.:.1 ' rda it n hip b 'tween p ct an rh r ri . n the rne h:rn I, the1 e i, th e

11 i1uon th at poet[) i n t-rhct ri · another tradid )11 ·u ')''>ts that l <H.:tt ' is .1

I , ni ul:ir appli at ion rhct ri ; and th r ali , i · that the i11tt:-rse tion )fpm·u .rnd

rhi:ton is ncitha cmp ' nor t tal. Thi ur ·c i n l news hut tht: 011tinuin1•

pri: '.1k n c o the belie th t p try i n t rhctori al i · lurdl : su1 por tL'd by t hL·

I 1. ice of poetrv both hi t ri all 1 and in u r time .

·1 he relJuon bet ween p and th' ocm i :m I < us tot ht: rcl.111on bet \\'t:cn

i al rhctori an I th rmcr i ) . l< s1 l'. k, th<.: theo r , or Lhl'

l< lllpO'.ition oCthe latter. I rrihl pre riptiv · (and in thl· h.md ... of t he

un killcdrht:tororpoctitno ubti ) wcmi ht re .11lthat ora11ril'.ni .... u1 (1hnll ',

th ori ' poetics) c> llow n:it ure (1 ra tic" rati n, poem \ not the other \\',\ '

. r < und. I est rhe an. lo!:')' h' denied be au~' thl: lirTi:r en <.: hL'l" n·n 'p1.:.1 kin •, .rnd

\ritin', < i croremimhusthatthi ·\cp r tiontt))i Lhe >re u .1lnoq1.1Lti .11 ''lhc

I n i rh bi: I, nd 1110 I l:minl:nt auth ran I tea h ·r l'l:loqucncc, .11h.l 1i •hth su"

/)c Jrn 1or • I. I SO). ·1 he I u i rh ·toric, however, j, llllll l' 1h.111

r

' it rn id ',1, t uc in thin

·.id," · 1u h.i' c J blu' uitar ion t ~lay thin s J'> rhcr Jr "

I,. L1 1mu . cdl vou '' h. t 1 .1 Ian c ....

It i no sc rec that many reader · of Ioctl) re ognizc impli illy the rok ot' th e

rhL'ton al tria - Jakob n' mmuni ari nm l ' I lfanh·'i' ru ifi ion 01·111·

author , nd rcsurrc tion f the r ad r rrida' · riti 1u · of the 1111.:t.1phvs1 ., \)I

I re en e ( cth ), Ta an r a in f Freud - the Ii . t go· on and )!l. \II th .11 \

mi' 1ng 1 the c ·plcti e word (rhetoric ) that nam wlut' pn.:scnr. ~u ·h n.:ti c11 r

. moun tn a terror f th e w r , a pri in i liorll , r:ithcr Ith· tin: p.1,toi \

ins1 en ctluthi aLPht rh:i a' r mah" urno bell ." l hc1ori ' pr·..,·11LL' t'

m, rknl by ( it' name'·) abs n e. C . Pcir cat the turn o the ntury had n u h qu alms. l h ·tori·, he s.iid, 11,

th. t br.111 ho '>Cmi Hi • who ·c fun ti n i ro 1i o r the pro csso l 1 ''ht h "011e

i •n •iH.·s btnh to norhcr, nd e p i.11 one thou ht l rin r l{irth .1nothr1"

2 229 , . . \nd the s1q11 ( or c ample , any w r I) i trip!· n.:pn:scnt.11111.'ll, ol kl t, imcr prc1 JIH thc \\'ord its cl , its rcfercn c, an j it me. ni1P ). ·I\\ o ,1.,pc 1 s of 1 Ii ·'I • 11,

i1' < hjc t ( rckn.:n c) and it" interprctant (me. ning ), arc pormrrnl. tllq 'Ill\\ h\'

• l ruion , us.1 •<.:,:ind re ur ion. 'l hi I ot ·mial mca urc th · i11 om1 k11..·nc.,..., tlw in , hiliL ,', ht: un 1 ity, and the pc uli ar per ua ·iq: p< wcr of the word .1-. wrnl,ol ·

he •111hol , "prowin 1 " in the mind >f thc re lcr ;Jn I w1 iLcr of' 1hc 1H><.:111, '' p.111 ul

ntll inuin • prndu tion (en lie ., pl 1) o me.min g( ).

' r Ii <.: Pcir c, h.1rlo Ison do<.:'> supprc ., the c plc1i vc \\'t>rd : ( I ) '.\ purn1 t'>

• ti . I\ kr t<.:d from" h<.:rc the poCL •ot it , b' w; y ol the poem it di , to .. 1 Ii ·

i · I <> 7 I ci )· (- ) 'l·orm i 11l'.\'t:r more th.rn Jn e tcrn.i m ol ot1tr1ll " ( I<> , r cption rnust i111rncdi:Hcl 1 .rnd lire ·ti· lc.1 I to .1 fu tli ·r p<.:1 1.·1 tiun "

I • 1 re en <." ol the r hcton ·,1l tri.1d' ith 'cnc r '.' " im Tic I iJ1111 l11 •m I ,

• 1 1 n 11 ht.: 11. !itio11,1l r l.Hion huwc ·n m.11rnc1.md111.t11i.:r ... ); 1'1 ·!ti I I · 11

1 c I h · ml< I\\ ithin "pc1c<.:p ti on" ( ). \, )l .,01 ( l.1 i111u )) ~ 1 ·s1

' I Jt.1, ·

I 1111 1 l thin'' / I. 'II.\ hid1 m.1tk for di t ulci ·s" ( IJ1r \flt 11JJ11

' 1 ll \

l 1

1 I ti r r rl

11 l.iJ os: I t opo

tini i n: .\ L l ) i .1 tr.111 ili\c) rel.Hi n b ·tween tw term .

f ~rn1r k · ( 1) "i .. rcatcr than' ( ri t tl ·)~ (-) mct.11 her, u.1 iitinn.dl\'

l' ·lonthctor · ompari., n' r'anal gv,"i·thctopo., '"hi"lc,tennr)

1 i1...h.1ri )·( , ) the.ymbol,traditimallvbascd n~ync lo hc(p.1n,,,hol·,

1 .rn in an • the to[ o ( igni 1cr igni 1ed ).

If Ha h 1-; kn '' 11 t i. ya a mp r . non , in his 0\\'11 time he" .1-; r ·\'ik I

1or breaking rhc rule of canon. The p inti that he knc\\' the trJdlli rn inti111,11ch

.111 i cnlar c I iL si nifi ntly. Fred\ ah writ I •ri p '111 · in. r:i ii .11 r.uhcr t h,rn .1

or1\'cntional emc. Em pl yin n f th Id t t 1p i known top( · 1 , tl11...· tnpo1,

h.1listhc oun lationc fthclyri ,(poctl)1, mu i ) \ah ub titu1esthcurntc111p1H,ll)

i linm jan co obtain at po f b th fi rm nd ontcnr in .\/u.111' o t r/Jt I lt'l1i't o ·

'/71i1 kinJJ, illu trating prcci cl' h w th tr:iditi n an be nu k nC\\ (wh.H, l .hi , i.1

he re cren c fl ound · it.!). H r i !HT# (I h, · 11otrc1 c Led the line 111 thr

fc llowin.., n:pro lu ti rn \i\ ah p 'm n the .., r und th. t Lh c pw-;c pu1.:111 ri.:.tlly

1 • pro c poem ):

enrcn c the true morpholo ' r hapc f the min I in lud111' ,1 01111,ktl'

1 l10u •h1 fore' er lilrk ri I c~ littl · rh 1 d1111 · ·01 ing >UL Lhc wt.ii I ll l ll 1 t' ,1.,

. kin lof;i.u om.Hi de itnin de i or h · kli t.n •oncl'vcftH111 l111t1uc

1hourh1 •oe or II olu 1ion LO th end on • Lcn . Ln t:Vl'I · 01111 on · 111

d 1hi111hc lines within lhe pi rnr·, a to r ·prc~cnt •oin, 10 1t with tht·

le 111i1c ;l\ 111.1ll011 or •,me wher the numb r ofpm">il illli . ., lllllL',\l\CS

I ro •re ivcl: \\'ith ca ha ldiLi nal bump Pl, to th )\I •ht

\ ul I . II 1hc i ;urc ofLhi1, pc em tumble. 'I he poem is licely 11t1mtu1t· I tilt'

rn r n i di..:lihcra1c ) - nc pun tuation , no ltnc l n.:,1k.,, no sc111i..:m · st 111 1111 l '

11 1c 11 I ' r. ml 1111. -;<;ot:iatiom Y · t the t:Jtkr, turnbltn • 1hrou1•h thr P"l'111 , 1 111

< ll r Il e 11.11 <> \1on.h - ·mence, m >rpholo .- ·,'>hap<.:, 111i11 I, thou •'11 , 11d •n

rh thn I i 1ur ·, d · i •11, solution, ·nd, on ,11<.:11.11t:, CCllllpon ·111, line.: 1 u ·, 1 · p1 r

• 11 I c >ll whi h I nds him on c. rth with .1 hu111p ' ' l'l.u11 1'1011 •In "

t11nl lc i . rec sentenc ·;the sh.1pc ofa lllin l 1hi11k111 • i-. th · sl1.1p · ,,1

J Zl

(Jl(llJJl , lll

l

• ion kadin t t undc i fabili ·. \\ har keep the I t .111 :i th· n:.1d ·1 \ fr 111

an 1 thJ rhythm it~ cl i pr fcrr d a the res luri rn 1.. ( l ,u.1 lo . Th·

rltt be \ nth' bjc ti\'C ( th p m) and the :ul j ·-ti\. (th. c I Ti · 11 ·\

i hcalc.:dmr cm'-. adcn c(\\ahl 114-1 ). lhi · i rhet)ri .·1 -.1ki1Pthrou••h

the mu 1 f thinking. am azz. thcr \C ti n f ,\fH r howcv r u ... int ·n ·c h 011 p.1r.l l ) .111 I

m e lllcmly han: r. th -r di - rent cffc r- rc::i kr. \\ Jh himsclr h. ~ .11 t • tc I

to the <.:mr:iltty >f plna in hi w rk ( cc B:.rntin ) rr t l < im<.:d out b) l )\\ TllH'

( \ • h 1 l , l _ l ). \\ ma. 1 not th t plaa tr:in late ropos,. n l th.H 101 \\'.1h ·'"

tor hi men )r I n) pla i rh t ri al cvi u c t f1."ot11,e,

literal re cn:n t pla c b undinthepoem - \vh !cb k ·( < rc . • mpk, \\ '11t1111.11

11 ) ar im· nt d f pla . Bu th' ultim. t ·I b ·for\\ .1h j.., th~:

bn tuagci ts I . in clan ua i truepra ti thcught 'histo1 osi·fith (the

rhc n w uld a 1 de orou I ) id nti al with th mind - not th<.: mind in .1/ .11.1. but

he mini in process (a pr e whi h parad icall but ri )'htl, is fu 11 ( r "'ilOf '" ())

un rahlc moment o ta i ). ] hinkin . Jazz . . rarti ular' ample fho\I thi \I ( fHT#22 ):

: \l\\ J)'\ think thinkin in id m kath l'w.1k1utl \Olli'

.,,n ) or wat h sit ramble and at h la t luc I. i 1 hon1on no en I 10 the

ompktc th ught tran ren:n e knew thi i the Ii c writin ro k ' t hcd in womlu

omc timc Lht n cl lik . i tJ1 tht ar hipclag nt med • pl.:i c ch.ti J a container ha udd nnc

rj ' <.: \\ •• to t ht poet n thin \\ill h

' J he OJ 0

u 1crl; '><.:I

.11 l

I\ l It

ol I rt t1hrn .'111111·

1 <,rip the Spmrow '

I . · he Rolan "Th I c;Hh f the

k.1 h. , 'cw York: !ill an j "an

1 )\\ll Il.1r l:i. "dfRt.:fcrcn c in

\ummcr l ( 2): 1-1 ·L.

uth r. ' Im ~ t-Jfwir-'f~·xt. Tr.rn~. , l 'I h ·11

' l 7. 14 .... ( . L gi and Jf11/liq111 ,'u11. " 11<~1]( :o· 11,'

i 'ro Dt C rt1forc. Ro k 1 an i .... R vi.cd c i. · rans. F .\\. u L H n .111 i l I.

1 kh. m. Th· Loeb la i al Libr , rvard 'P l -t, .

< lcrid ~c :r. TIJC tn tt"sm n n 's ~fa 1111 I ( 1 1

Col!tcrtd WorkJof. rmmd Tn •for olaitigc.

1 ] l .

). Ed. R.J . \\ hitc I n·.'t"mwns. ll t'

l. . I rin cton: 1 ritKclon l', I > ....

__ . Rio._qr p/Jin Ltto- ri . Ed. J hn Beer. L n i n: 1 cnt, l 9~L .

1 c1ri fa Ja quc. Of 1nrnmrntolog. Tran. 1a 'Jtri 'hakr:w n ' pi,,1k. I .11!imo1t·:

John. opkin P 197 .

1:- o 'mbc.:rt . cmiotics nnd the Philosoph of I 11lJ11f1lft'. Indi. n,1 11, I ~-l

fra mu·, I c idcriu . e opia. Ed. ,.R. Th mp n. 'o/frcuri \\ orl.·s oj'L"m11111fl'.

Ltttr ry· nnd Educational\ ritings 2. fT ronlO I, l' 7 .

1ocdcl un." cbcr fornul un n ch i ar · a tzc i r 1 nnriprn Mot/Jrn1oft(fl

I a

un vcrwandtcr • r m I.' Monatsc/Jriftder fnt/JmintLSrlJr J>/n.11k ,"IX ( l lJ,"11 .

l 3 98.

>0. I ><>7

ol. 2. I.th Ch,trln l 1.11t 1.lw111c ,111 l

11.1 ' Butk1 . 'I lie I <>'h < l.1 1 ii

llJ77

llllllll I I di

J,'(Jf h,1un'll1 'II J II'

l',1918.

' I i Ii / \ u1·1111·d

r ft ' 011 011I1·il111 I r"·:

till Ii\ - in th \ :m m·t r tsiff: ~flatul Porms 190,"­

k ward ... I ;l\'i i lull aw. n live' nit 'a -h, in

I kg -- 17H l\ n toy 1 o rt

1 In 1r in 1 ... Robert He gi:; li,·c:

ttawa and t a he at arl t n· Rent Li1J!Jtni11J1 a[ pe:irc i fn 111

... Li ncl K am m:ik hi livin a J rn ult.mt in

Intcra rive l\1ultimcdia· hi prin ipal inter tat them m "nt i· the literary , nd

creative ten ti al fVR( irtual Reality )... aphn Marlatt n ' live )th alt~ prin )

I land· n!Mge' ill ubli bed b R d e r olleg Pr in th , II of 1 l. ..

Jamie Reid Ii e in B · h ha perfi rmed H mage t L

ac mpaniment ... Fred V ah teache reati e Writin at th ni er·iry :ii '"~u-y;

Lt 111csro11t Ln kes Utrmikt' ap cared la t ear fr m R d ccr Jo li ' l re ...

Pamela Banting ha joined the n Ii b D parrm nt < t the nivcrsitv or \\ e tern nrari E. . Blodgett teachc mp:irati c Litcr;:itun.' , 1 the

Iberra· Da apo:The electedPonnsofE.D.13/orlgrtt w .. publishc l

in 1990 . . . Brenda arr and Manina Jon , · !iv ' an I tc.1t !i in

London, nrario ... J ff erk en live in Van u r 'vhcrc h · edits \\ rtlJJIJJ

ma a7inc . . . Ed yck Ii in Manitoba; lichan Book I ubli . hed ·1postrop/Jo

ro J\f)•sdf in 1987 ... L rnette Hunterteach anadian itcrarur ·:it th e ni crsity

o Leed· in En land ... Tim Hunter edit d the I n/ L:i t n orr ·sp<. ndcntc

publi hcd in Line #13 ... Turn t ne Pre i publi hing Ro Miki' · S11PiJJI] Fnrr

. . Li:innc 1 ye i c mpleting her PhD at York ni er i in Toronto ... Irene

• 'ice hod a s A, ourceryfor Books 1 & 2 ofbpNichoJJs The Mavtyro/ofJy is f'orth ·om in '

Crom I W l rc . . . Ken orri teache anac:Lian Literature at the l nivcrs1t • of'

rono , ~laine; uarry Pre i pu Ii bing the l:ite ·t installment or' his 011goi11 ~

Rtport on t/Ji' 'aomi Half of the Twentieth 'entury ... , b;'lron Thc'>cn tc.Khe\ .ll

Capil.1110 ( ollc re in onh anc u er; M lei lend te Jrt pu l Ii shed 17H 1'1111_i7.1

o;. '1111d11 • 111 1990 . .. \ arrcn Tallman ha retired rom the b1 •lish Dcp.11 t mt·nt

• t th<.: 'niva\ity o Briti h :olum ia, but he till m. kc urc th.11 thin:s onti1H1t·

o Ii, pp<..:n on the pc <..:1 ry s cnc in an ou er ... Jani ·c \ illiamson t L".\l hes in 1 he

l::. n •li'h l cp.mmcnt at the ni er ir lbcrta; l ook of'fcmini..,L littio11s, fr//

'J lie .'.i JIS will be publi he i / Turn tonc I re 1cof 'rcy Z.111wr.1 l'l'l'W up 111

e llninister and tudicd ana iian Liter tun;, r imon h.1~cr nivc1sit • he , ll • Ii' <.: in C;'llitornia .

I llR\11\V..,

Br nd ' urr fim Hunt r

h d <1

0- J 081 - 18 - ~

I

'0

I g "' ..