Date post: | 11-Jan-2017 |
Category: |
Government & Nonprofit |
Upload: | oecd-governance |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
4th OECD Task Force meeting on Countering Illicit Trade
18-19 April 2016OECD Conference CentreParis, France
Session 2: Enforcement challenges in countering illicit trade over the internet
Illicit wildlife goods
Steven BroadExecutive Director
Rising Illegal Wildlife Trade
218,155pangolinsinreportedseizuresbetween2000-2012(Backgroundreportonillegaltradeinelephant,rhino,bigcatsandpangolins, 2013,TRAFFIC)
19,000tortoisesandfreshwaterturtlesseizedinThailandbetween2008-2013(SeizuresofTortoisesandFreshwaterTurtlesinThailand 2008-2013, 2014,TRAFFIC)
20,500tonsofabalonepoachedandillegallytradedbetween2004-2014(SouthAfrica’s illicitabalonetrade:Anupdatedoverviewandknowledgegapanalysis, 2014,TRAFFIC)
Beyond the headlines
Trade Evolution
NumberofinternetusersintheworldSource:http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/
(estimateforJuly12016)
Based on previous surveys, TRAFFIC’ Beijing office startedto undertake monthly surveys of selected Chinese-languagewebsites for eight key endangered species in January 2012.
31 Websites:Craigslist Platforms, e.g.
Specialized Collectables Websites, e.g.
Specialized Collectables Forums, e.g.
Online Shopping platforms, e.g.
E-COMMERCE RESEARCH
http://www.traffic.org/home/2015/3/3/traffics-e-commerce-monitoring-reveals-shifting-illegal-wild.html
Key word searching: e.g.ivory
In January2012,threekeywordsfor ivory--“象牙,XY&xiangya”
By June 2015, 22keywords--“Africanmaterials,yellowmaterials,whiteplastic,jelly, etc.”
IncreasingNumbersofKeywordsandWebsites
E-Commerce: monthly monitoring
SOCIAL MEDIA RESEARCH
Examplesofadvertisementsforillegalwildlifeproductspostedonsocialmediawithinonemonth
Species No. of Ads Species No. of Ads
Elephant (Ivory) 10,650 Leopard 18
Rhino 2,493 Pangolinscale 11
Hornbill 1459 Narwhal 5
Tiger 954 Hippo 3
Walrus 170 Zebra 2
Spermwhale 125 Lion 2
Hawksbill 96 Monkey 1
Bear 61 Orcinus orca 1
Saiga horn 43
http://www.traffic.org/home/2015/11/24/traffic-and-tencent-sign-agreement-to-tackle-illicit-wildlif.html
Adding‘Friends’ Advertising Price
negotiationTransfer/payment Delivery
‘Face-to-face’ scanning;Friend’sintroduction,Chatting groups;WeChat subscription,Websites, etc.
Moments;Subscriptionaccounts;Instantmessaging;Third party Apps, etc.
Using private voicemessages toprevent fromkeyword monitoring andreduce risks.
UsingWeChat paymentinsteadof third partypayment service.
Traders package the parcelby themselves and usefake name and address;Parcel delivered withoutchecking.
Transaction Flow
CHINA: zero tolerance advocacy
Say NO to illegal wildlife trade:
5th July 2013, 15 leading China’s e-commerce companies
3rd March 2015, 17 leading couriercompanies operating in China
CHINA: Monitoring > intervention
NGOs
Forest PoliceWebsites
Numberoftotalillegalwildlife productadvertisementsinmonitoredChinesewebsites(January2012-September2015)
results: trade trend
Dynamicsof weeklyadvertisementsofillegalivorytradepostedby58tradersonasocialmediasite- 2015
15leadinge-commercecompaniespledgedzero-tolerancetowardsillegalonlinetradeinendangeredspecieson5th June2013.
Enforcementandcommunicationsactionspromptedbyinformationfromsocialmediamonitoring
results: Adaptation
• Thevolume,speedandanonymityofonlinecommerce;• Hardtodifferentiateactualoffersfromfraudandfakes
• Frequentlychangingkeywordstoconcealtheidentityoftheactualgoodsonofferandothermeansofconcealment;
• Differencebetweenonlineand‘traditional’enforcementskills;
• Easilytransferredtootherplatforms
Challenges
Socialnetworks
MobileChatting
MessageBoards
Micro-blogging
InstantMassaging
VideoSharing
• Internetandlogisticcompaniesaresensitivetoregulatoryandpublicpressureandreasonablyquicktopledgeaction
• Securitysystems(filtering,blocking)establishedfordifferentillicitgoodsandservicescanbeadapted,butrequireexpertadviceandsupport
• Governmentagenciesarestrugglingtokeepupwithchangesininternetcommerce– needpartnershipwithinternetcompanies
• Internetcompaniescanplayacriticalroleincommunicationsaimedtochangeconsumerbehaviour
• Postalandcouriercompaniesslowertomovefrompledgestoaction–trainingandstrongerinspectionprotocolsneeded
• NGOsareplayingakeyroleinresearchingnewdevelopmentsandmonitoringimpactofgovernmentandbusinessactions
Observations
Session 2: Enforcement challenges in countering illicit trade over the internet
Illicit wildlife goods
Steven BroadExecutive Director