Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC)

Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC)

Bob Kephart

What is it and why should you care?

• A partnership between Department of Energy and the State of Illinois

To enable Fermilab to work more closely with industry and university partners on Accelerator Technology Development and Accelerator Education

To develop new accelerator technology based products and high tech industries in the U.S. ( especially Illinois)

IARC: What is it ?

2Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 20122

What is a Particle Accelerator?

• Macroscopic objects in our world are ~neutral in terms of overall electric charge but at the most fundamental levels they consist of small bits of matter each with a well defined electrical charge: e.g.- Protons (charge + 1)- Electrons (charge -1)- Neutrons (charge 0)

- Neutrons have zero electric charge and alone cannot be accelerated with electromagnetic fields

but nuclei of atoms (with electrons removed) can be- Helium Nucleus… Charge +2 (electrons removed)- Carbon Nucleus…Charge +6 (electrons removed)

Wikipedia “A particle accelerator is a device that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to contain them in well-defined beams”

Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 20123

Ions

Particle accelerators are energy delivery systems• An accelerator transforms electrical energy from the power grid

to many packets of energy each carried by a charged “particle”

• The energy from these particles can then be delivered in very precise ways to perform a variety of functions

• One function you may be familiar with is for basic research in High Energy Physics.

• Collisions create intense localized energy regions simulating conditions at the birth of the universe

• Examples of accelerators for Discovery Science…


Accelerators for Discovery Science


These Accelerators have transformed our understanding of the nature of the universe we live in but they represent only 1% of all accelerators in use

LHC

MI and Tevatron

JPARC ANL APS

Diamond in UK

NSLS II

Radial Tires

The energy delivered by an Accelerator can drive chemical and nuclear reactions to create all sorts of useful products• About 30,000 accelerators are in use world wide

Sales of accelerators > $ 2 B /yr and growingAccelerators touch over $ 500B/yr in productsMajor Impact on our economy, health, and well being

• Some Products:

6 Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 2012Digital Electronics

Shrink wrapped food

Aircraft

Examples of current Accelerator Applications

• Health and environment: medical accelerators for cancer treatment, medical isotopes, electron microscopes, etc.

• Digital electronics: all computers, cell phones, televisions, etc. use accelerators to implant ions to make IC’s

• Industrial fabrication: Electron beam welders used for auto fuel injectors, transmissions, to harden gears, & in aircraft construction

• Industrial Processes: Radial tires are cured and your car under hood wiring is made heat resistant with accelerators

• Sterilization: medical supplies & instruments

• Food industry: shrink wrap on your turkey, preservation of army field rations & Omaha steaks, irradiation of seeds to induce new variants, sterilize bee hives (to prevent colony collapse disorder )

7 Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 2012

Accelerators for Industrial Processes


Electron Beam Welding and Machining

e.g. PAVAC Energy Corp.Deep welds, low weld shrinkage, dissimilar or refractory metals, etcWidely used in automotive and aerospace industryDrill 3000 holes/sec!

Electron Beam Irradiation (e.g. improving heat resistance of coatings

wire and Cable, crosslinking polymers (tires!), curing paint and inks, etc)

1500 dedicated facilities worldwide

Accelerators for Industrial ProcessesIon Implantation


• R Hamm, HEPAP, March 2010

Accelerators for National Security


More than two billion tons of cargo pass through U.S. ports and waterways annually. Many ports now screen cargo for weapons or nuclear materials with gamma-ray scanners, based on radioactive

isotopes such as cobalt-60 .However, high-energy X-rays generated by particle accelerators can make this process cheaper and safer

Accelerators in Medicine


Electron acceleratorBased X-Ray facilityFor cancer treatment

(Varian Medical systems)

Rhodotron, commercialelectron beam accelerator used

For sterilization of medical devices

Accelerators in MedicineProton Cancer Therapy


Industry

Loma Linda Proton Therapy and Treatment Center

World’s 1st proton accelerator built specifically for proton therapy

Designed and built at Fermilab

TechnologyDemonstration

Accelerators in MedicineCarbon Ion’s: An opportunity!


depth CERN Accel School

Depth determined by beam energy

dE/dx

depth

IonsX-rays

• > 5000 electron linacs are used to treat over 10, 000,000 cancer patients each year, Proton therapy is becoming more popular because it is more effective at destroying tumor vs benign tissues

• Medical Accelerators based on Carbon Ions have the potential to deliver even larger doses to tumors with high Relative Biological Effect (RBE) at precisely controlled locations

tumor

Accelerators for the Medical Isotopes


• “Turn key” cyclotrons produced by industry are routinely used to produce short lived radio-pharmacy isotopes for molecular imaging (18F, 11CO2 11CH4, 13N, 15O, etc)

• PET =Positron Emission Tomography

Accelerators for the Medical Isotopes


• Great ideas and capability is the starting point• Successful fielding of accelerator products depends on

products with reliable designs, support services, training programs, demonstrated cost feasibility and acceptance by the potential customer base!

Accelerators for the Environment


• Electron accelerators are effective forPurifying drinking water (destroying pesticides, organics, pharmaceuticals, etc)Treating industrial/municipal waste waterDisinfecting sewage sludgeRemoval of Nitrogen and Sulfur oxides from flue gases from coal-fired power plants

• However, despite R&D demonstrations the market penetration of these promising technologies is limited

• Why?Potential users are conservative and need turn-key solutionsFull product development may require extensive infrastructure

Accelerators for the Environment


• 41% of all electrical power worldwide is generated by burning coal

• China and India are ramping up use of coal for electrical power generation..

• US 20 yr use projected to be ~ flat• Emission of NOx and SOx (acid rain) is

a serious environmental issue• Accelerators can treat flue gas turning

NOx and SOx into fertilizer• 1st step towards sequestration of CO2

Accelerators for the EnergyAccelerator Driven Systems


• Key to use of Nuclear Energy for carbon free energy production is reduction of radio-toxicity and lifetime of nuclear waste

• Accelerator based transmutation when combined with geological disposal has the potential to make nuclear power acceptable to society

• ADS can also potentially make use of non-fissile fuels like Thorium • Subcritical reactors Safety… no run away reactions • Superconducting RF Linac’s can provide high beam power & efficiency

MYRRA ADS concept, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre

• New applications of accelerator technology seem to die for one of three reasons

Feasibility not proven: Inadequate resources: (financial, personnel, infrastructure) in industry, universities, or labs to demonstrate the basic feasibility of an idea

During transition from small scale technology demonstration to a commercial product (may require large investments & infrastructure)

Lack of acceptance of the new technology by potential customers (ignorance or prejudice) that is cured only by large scale demonstrations that lower perceived risk

• IARC is intended to help fill these gaps by providing access to accelerator experts and laboratory infrastructure

Great Ideas!.. So what is the Problem?


• Opportunity to put substance behind the claim that HEP is the developer/steward of accelerator technology within the Office of Science

• Opportunity to function as a center for accelerator based projects (e.g. Project X, NGLS) in the Office of Science and to partner with industry and labs (e.g. ANL) on new accelerator applications

• Opportunity for Fermilab to become a National center for accelerator education

• Opportunity to establish additional funding sources outside HEP or with industry to develop intellectual property (patents, royalties)

• Opportunity to develop technologies that benefit society bringing recognition to the DOE SC laboratories and to Fermilab

IARC: The Opportunity for Fermilab


• Fermilab has:→ a world-leading accelerator engineering and scientific

staff that have the potential to make an impact beyond the field of high-energy physics. (with addition resources at nearby ANL)

→ core capabilities and infrastructure that are unique, and that could potentially be used in application beyond the field of high-energy physics.

→ And will have the IARC physical plant in FY15

• Industry can leverage these assets to create new accelerator based products and capabilities

IARC: The Opportunity for Industry


• The State of Illinois, Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) provided a $ 20 M grant for the construction of a new building (we have all the funds)

• DOE/OHEP committed to $ 13 M direct contribution and a refurbished $ 38 M heavy assembly building at Fermilab

• Together the will create a $ 70 M complex to enable the IARC mission

• IARC = New state funded Office, Technical, and Education (OTE) building + refurbished CDF heavy assembly building (HAB) + infrastructure to enable the IARC program

IARC: Physical Plant


Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 2012 23

IARC OTE Building (State funded)

23

• 48,000 gross square footage• 23,000 SF of Office Space (145 offices); 3,700 SF Light Tech Space• 3,900 SF New Lecture Hall (175 seats); 900 SF Meeting Rooms• New 250 car parking lot

Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 2012 24

IARC OTE Building (State funded)

24

CDFHeavy Assembly bldg

State funded OfficeTechnical Engineering bldg

IARC construction Status

• State funded building Oct 11, 2012


• Heavy assembly building used for the construction of the CDF experiment at the Tevatron

• 42,000 sq ft: 50 T crane; deep pit for radiation shielding of accelerators; cryogenic, electrical and cooling water infrastructure; IT networks; 40 offices, etc

• More than a dozen industries have expressed interest, the deep pit area is particularly interesting to them

Heavy Assembly Building (CDF)


• We spent 25 years filling up CDF with experimental equipment

→ Demolition & Decontamination (D&D): in progress, but a big job & funding limited→ Focus in FY12 has been on Assembly Hall to prepare for OTE construction → In FY13 start removal of collision hall equipment (future Kaon experiment ORKA)

• CDF infrastructure is >25 yrs old → HVAC, water systems, crane, pumps, etc) and must be renewed/refurbished→Will need to stage this due to budget constraints

• OHEP will provide funds for Accel stewardship in FY14• Start of the full IARC program will be determined by date when the

Heavy Assembly Building is refurbished and operational and by when we receive funding from OHEP Meanwhile several initiatives are already in progress

27

Details… Details…


• Listen to Industry (Meetings with heads of accelerator businesses who will be our customers, attend conferences on Industrial accelerators, IARC workshops

• Use Industry Experts Hired consultant: Bob Hamm, former head Varian Medical R&D and owned his own accelerator company for several decades

• Use Business ExpertsChicago Booth business school used IARC business plan as an example for their class

• Learn from OthersNREL facility (ESIF) is very similar lab-industry center for development of renewable energy, talked to their project manager, joint approach to DOE on the nature and “rules” for such a facility. Trip to NREL is planned.

• Work closely with DOE Discussions with Fermi site office (IARC as a user facility… What are the rules?)DOE site Office (Mike Weiss and Mark Bollinger) have been very supportive

Approach: Creating a successful IARC Program


Creating the IARC Business model

Requires a different way of thinking about what we do.The challenge is:


Value Propositions

What value to we offer?

What is the ROI ?

Why should companies wantto work at IARC?

CustomerRelationships

ChannelsHow do we reach

customers/stakeholders

Key Partners

CompaniesUniversities

entrepreneursintrapreneurs

other labs

CustomerSegments

Who are ourkey customers?

KeyActivities

Key ResourcesLab Staff

Infrastructure

Cost Structure Revenue Streams

Can “experts at turning $$$ into research” learn toturn research into profitable products and businesses?

Funding sources?

• DOE OHEP will make funding for “accelerator stewardship” available in FY14

• Private industry ( Work for Others or CRADA)• DOE SBIR/STTR Program• Examples of possible Future sources

Department of Homeland SecurityState of Illinois DCEOARPA-ENational Institute of HealthDARPA/DTRA or DOD (environmental remediation)Entrepreneurs & Venture capitalRevenue from licenses and Patents (capture IP!)

• Much of this is new to us at FNAL


• Even in the absence of an official announcements, many possible partners have contacted me about working at IARC (yellow = IARC EOI)

ANL.………………accelerator education, SBIR, joint work with industryAES……………….possible test site for new electron sourceEuclid……………..SBIR/STTR including PX SRF cavitiesLLNL……………....test accelerators funded by DTRA and/or DARPAMuons Inc………...SBIR/STTR’s including magnetron RF powerNational Instr……..accelerator instrumentation and controlsNiowave…………..possible accelerator test siteNIU: ……………....Source Development,SBIR/STTR,new RF sources, educationOmega-P………....SBIR/STTR idea relevant to Project XPAVAC…………....Flue gas test accelerator, Several SRF based SBIR ideasRadiabeam……….SBIR, access to accelerator experts, project fabricationHarvard Medical….Moly 99 and med isotopesTandell systems….accelerator reliability, integration, and simulationUC Urvine……….. Water treatment with acceleratorsU of Wisc & others..Carbon ion acceleratorVarian Medical……test cell for medical machines, water treatment ?Wilcrestconsulting...high power industrial electron accelerators for oil industry

• Recurrent theme: funding, clear program rules, IP protection, predictable schedule and processes, access to deep pit & infra to test accelerators!

Who is interested in using IARC ?


• Steady Progress on the IARC physical plant

• Working on IARC business model, DOE user facility designation, NDA, ORTA office, etc so we can start the IARC program FY14-15 time frame

• Even without a “formal” IARC program announcement there is lots of interest from Industry

• This is something completely new for Fermilab and lots of fun! Entrepreneurs encouraged!


Conclusions

See Web site IARC.fnal.gov

32

http://iarc.fnal.gov/index.html

extras


Industrial Accelerators are already big business

• R Hamm, HEPAP, March 2010Physics for Everyone, RDK, Dec 201234

Other applications


• There are many other accelerator applications that I cannot cover in this talk due to time constraints

• Examples:Mo100 Tc99 (proton beams)Hard rock tunneling with e beamsFood preservation ( Need public acceptance!)Accelerator based radiography for large industrial castings, rocket motors, munitions, large castings, etcIon beam based materials analysis (many techniques)Accelerator based Mass SpectrometryHeavy Ion Fusion, Inertial fusion accelerators (e.g. neutral beam injectors for ITER) for energy productionDefense (e.g. FEL based ship board missile defense systems)

• e.g see also “Industrial Accelerators & Their Applications” by Robert Hamm

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Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC)

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