EE430 ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING DESIGN

CASTILLON, JOHCON

CASTILLON, SCHERRAINE KHRYS

DIONIO, CHRISTIAN PAUL

TOPICS:One- line Diagram, 3-line diagram, Panel board diagram

Emergency Lighting System: Exit Lamps, Direction Signs, (using LED lamps)

Sizes of wires and cables (Philippines, USA, Europe)

Uniformity of Illumination

ONE LINE DIAGRAM

• A one-line diagram is a simplified graphical representation of a three phase power system, used extensively in power flow studies.

• A one-line diagram is usually used along with other notational simplifications, such as the per-unit system.

• A secondary advantage to using a one-line diagram is that the simpler diagram leaves more space for non-electrical, such as economic, information to be included.

ONE LINE DIAGRAM

What is emergency lighting?

Emergency lighting is the generic term for equipment that provides illumination in the event of failure of supply to the normal lighting

There are two main types of emergency lighting:

(i) emergency escape lighting (ii) standby lighting

• Emergency escape lighting is defined as "that part of emergency lighting that is provided to enable safe exit in the event of failure of the normal supply".

• Standby lighting is defined as "that part of the emergency lighting provided to enable normal activities to continue in the event of failure of the normal mains supply“

Emergency escape lightingThere are three main aspects of emergency

escape lighting: 1) escape route lighting; 2) open area / anti-panic area lighting; 3) high risk task area lighting.

Escape Route Lighting• Lighting of defined escape routes; corridors,

stairways, fire stairs etc.• 1 Lux minimum on the centre line and the central

band (not less than half total width) to be illuminated to at least 0.5 Lux.

Anti-panic emergency. A lighting strength of at least 0.5 lx is required in such areas. Here too the ratio between highest and lowest lighting strength must not be greater than 40:1

The high-risk area. The requirement is at least 15 lx or 10 % of the lighting strength normally required for the location. The ratio between the highest and lowest lighting strength should be a maximum of 10:1.

SITING OF LUMINAIRES

• over Exit doors near stairs so that each flight receives direct light • near any change of level

• adjacent to mandatory signs (unless the sign is internally lit)• near a change of direction or intersection

• outside final exits• at each first aid point*• at each fire fighting / call point • Near means within 2m • 5 Lux required adjacent to the equipment.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

• Diversity of illuminance better than 40:1• Disability glare should be avoided• Colour rendering Ra40• Duration should be at least 1 hour• Response times generally should provide 50% of the

illuminance within 5seconds and full illuminance within 60seconds

Wire Size• The diameter of the wire determines the amount of current that can safely

flow through it.

Wire sizes

• Wires are sized according to a table known as the American Wire Gauge (AWG).

• Wire size varies from AWG 40 to 0000 with 40 being the smallest and 0000 the largest.

• The larger the number the smaller the wire diameter.

Common Residential Wire Sizes

# 24 AWG Used for Computers# 22 AWG Used for Telephone# 18 AWG Used for Doorbell Circuit# 14 AWG Used for Light, Switches, Receptacles,

# 12 AWG Used for Light, Switches,

Receptacles, Baseboard Heaters, ,

Hot Water Heaters # 10 AWG Used for Clothes

Dryers# 8 AWG Used for Electric

Range# 2 AWG Used for Ground

Wire

# 000 AWG Service Entrance Cable# 0000 AWG Service Entrance Cable

AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE

Uniformity of Illuminance

The uniformity of illuminance is a quality issue that addresses how evenly light spreads over a task area. Although a room's average illuminance may be appropriate, two factors may compromise uniformity.• improper fixture placement based on the luminaire's spacing criteria (ratio of maxim

recommended fixture spacing distance to mounting height above task height)• fixtures that are retrofit with reflectors that narrow the light distribution

Non-uniform illuminance causes several problems:• inadequate light levels in some areas• visual discomfort when tasks require frequent shifting of view from underlit to

overlit areas• bright spots and patches of light on floors and walls that cause distraction and

generate a low quality appearance

Uniformity is usually defined as ratio of the minimal illuminance over the area weighted average illuminance:

u = Emin / Eaverage

The minimum illuminance should correspond to the recommended illuminance as defined in the national codes of practice. The uniformity as created by a general lighting scheme should be better than 0.6 or 0.8 according to the German DIN norm and the UK CIBSE guidelines, respectively.

ActivityIllumination Foot-

candles

Offices: Average Reading and Writing 50-75

Offices: Hallways 10-20

Offices: Rooms with Computers 20-50

Auditoriums / Assembly Places 15-30

Hospitals: General Areas 10-15

Labs / Treatment areas 50-100

Libraries 30-100

Schools 30-150

Color Rendering Index(CRI)

A relative scale indicating how perceived colors illuminated by the light source match actual colors. The higher the number the less color distortion from the reference source.

85 -100 CRI = Excellent color rendition

75 - 85 CRI = Very Good color rendition

65 - 75 CRI = Good color rendition

55 - 65 CRI = Fair color rendition

0 – 55 CRI = Poor color rendition

Color Rendition

warm light source is used, enhancing reds and oranges

neutral light source is used cool source is used enhancing blues and greens

Color rendering, expressed as a rating on the Color Rendering Index (CRI), from 0-100, describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed. The higher the CRI rating, the better its color rendering ability.

Color Temperature (K˚)

A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source.

≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum

≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum

3500K = “neutral”

5000K = “Daylight”

Color Temperature (K˚)

REFERENCES

http://www.safelincs.co.uk/introduction-to-emergency-lighting/

http://www.fagerhult.com/no/Service/Emergency-lighting/

https://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Technical/DataSheets/EmergencyLighting/Em_Lighting_Design_Guide.pdf

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/estates/maintenance/fire/documents/UCLFire_TN_020.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-line_diagram http://etap.com/demo-section/bus-level-selection.htm?lang=en-US

https://mrvatchersnotespage.wikispaces.com/file/view/Electrical+Code+Wire+Sizes+Presentation.wiki.pdf

http://etap.com/demo-section/bus-level-selection.htm?lang=en-US

http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/colormetrics.html http://www.decoratingstudio.com/archives/ht_lighting/lighting_fundementals.html