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O OVER 5000 ILLUSTRATIONS, O
PUBLISHED BY'^%
. imifh,
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COPYRIGHT, 18SG.
rKINTKU 15Y
MATLACK A HARVEY,
PHILADELPHIA.
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ILLUSTRATED
ENCYCLOP.€DIA
COINS OF THE WORLD;ILLUSTRATING THE
4+ A 4- +
4l^atlcrn^ J^ncicnt^ ifmrcni atul ifxxvwxxHf
FROM A. D. 1885 back to B. C. 700.
FINENESS, WEIGHT, FACE VALUE AND METAL WORTH.
FULL DESCRIPTION WITH EXACT FAC-SIMILE OF OVER *
SIX THOUSAND COINS.
NAME LISTS, STATISTICS, HISTORICAL DATA, FULL INDEX.
TABLES FOR CALCULATION, REDUCTION, COMPARISON, &c.
^ Jinancml ami itwmi^matic ^ibvavy,
COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME.
PUBLISHED BY J^. M. SMITH, NUMISMATIST,
533 CHESTNUT STREET. POST-OFFICE BOX, 754.
COPYRIGHT.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A.
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GOLD AND SILVER COINS OFTHE WORLDBy a. WL. Sxiith.
INTRODUCTORY.
Mail}' years since, upon first applying myself to the stud}'- of ]Su-
mismatics, I diligently sought for a work which should contain, in
l)rief form, the requisite information necessary for the casual in-
quirer or business dealer in current and uncui-rent coins of the
world. Such a book did not exist. Constant demands from Banks,
Bankers, Brokers, and Merchants for a work of this character, since
I became a publisher, and the ever repeated regrets of experts and
students in the science, that they could obtain nothing of the kind,with frequent requests from all, that I would prejiare, write, or
compile, such a text-book, finally induced nie to undertake tlie
onerous labor, the results of which are presented in The Excyclo-
p.EDiA OF Gold and Silykr Coins op the World.
Of works upon Numismatics, and of " Coin Books," within the
last two hundred 3'ears, there has been issued an immense number,
many of them very valuable in specialities; but none universal in
application, all crowded with unnecessary matter, and nob one
adapted to the requirement of ever\ -day business life or students'
reference. To translate many of these works from the Latin, Greek,
French, German, Italian, and. other languages; to compare, sift,
select, and verify all the mass, and to condense the information to
the utmost, comprises but a portion of my task. Correspondence
was entered into with tlie Financial ]\Iinisters of every nation on
the earth possessing a coinage ; official reports only were received
as authority; every channel, every source of knowledge was ex-
liausted to obtain autlientie, reliable data. Our own and foreign
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-7
mints, national and private; museums, collections, and cabinets
have given copies of tlieir treasures to our artist's pencil. Foreign
and Home departments, financial institutions and financiers, the
most distinguished scientists, have all generously responded to
every application for information and material. The results of
long'^years of study and dearly bought experience; large sums of
money for importations of literature, purchase of rare, costly vol-
umes, specimen coins, artistic and clerical labor, have all been lav-
i.died upon this work to render it complete and correct, an authority
beyond question, an embracement of the entire field.
In theinterests of the science to which I have been so long de-
voted, to justify the flattering opinion expressed by those who de-
sired this work from my hands, to aid, so far as in my power, in
systemizing money and commercial transactions, and for my own
reputation, I have expended upon The Excyclop.edia an amount
of hard, conscientious labor for which money cannot recompense
me.
With facts and figures alone I have dealt, and to present these
in the plainest possible form, arranged for the mo-^t speedy and
satisfactory reference, has been my sole object.Without egotism I may say that I consider my work well done
in the whole range of literature devoted to numismatics or coined
money there is and has never been, a volume so exhaustive in ex-
planation and illustration or so certainly reliable as this Encyclo-
paedia. Errors there may be; mistakes will creep into the most
carefully edited works. I have discovered them in every authority,
official document or statement I have used ; consequently I cannot,
do not, claim infallibility, and will thankfully receive corrections.
.Just, fair criticism is invited, and will be heartily welcomed. I be-lieve my book to be the best and most complete, the only complete
work of its kind, ever issued, and, claiming that high standard, I
olfer it to my friends and the public witliout further apology or
commendation.
Philadelphia, March, 1SS6. A. ^I. S:\IITIT.
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INDEX -PLATES AND TABLES.Afghanistan, Gold,
Silver,
Africa (Great Britain), Silver,
(Portugal) Silver,
Allegorical Plate,
Algiers, Gold,
Silver,
Altenburg (Germany), Silver,
America (Spanish) Silver,
415
417, 419
283
379
4()3
421
421
175
411
Ancient Coins, Greek, 465 to 481
Jewish, 508
Roman, 483 to 503
Anhalt (Germany), Silver, 125
Argentine Republic, (S. A.), Gold, 83
Silver, 34, 35
Austria, Gold, 09 to 73
Silver, 74 to 85
Baden (Germany), Silver, 127 to 131
Bank Tokens (English), Silver, 259, 275
Batavia (Holland), Silver, 299 to 303
Bavaria (Germany), Gold, 133
Silver, 135 to 141
Belgium, Gold, 86
Silver, 87
Bolivia (S. A.), Gold, 86
Silver, 30
Bologne (Italy), Gold, 311
Silver, 811
Brazil (S. A.), Gold, 38
Silver, 89, 41
Bremen (Germany), Silver, 143
Brunswick (Germany), Gold, 119
Silver, 145 to 149
Burmah (Great Britain), Silver, 277
Ca.nada (Great Britain), Silver, 274Cash Value, Gold and Silver, (Table), 30
Characters and Numbers, (Oriental), 413
Chili (S. A.), Gold, 43Silver, 45
China, Gold, 364, 365
Silver, 363, 367, 369
China (France), Silver, 106
Comparative Ratio, Silver (Table), 82Coin History, U. S. A. (Table), 18Coins, Ancient, 465 to 508
Greek, 465 to 481Jewish, 508Mediicval, 505 to 507Roman, 483 to 503Current, (Table), 509, 510
Colombia (U. S. of S. A.), Gold, 46Silvei-, 47
Current Coins of World (Table), 509, 510Demerara (Great Britain), Silver, 277Denmark, Gold, «9
Silver, 01 to 99
£ast Indies (Great Britain), Gold, 200
Silver, 268 to 273
(Holland), Silver, 301, 303
Ecuador (S. A.), Gold, 48
Silver, 49, 50
Egypt, Gold, 423
Silver, 425
England, Gold, 223 to 238
Silver, 241 to 283
English (drains and French Grammes(Table), 32
Equalization, Gold and Silver (Table), 26
Essequebo (Great Britain), Silver, 277
France, Gold, 101, 103
Silver, 105 to 117
(China), Silver, 106
French Grammes and English Grains
(Table), 32
Frankfort-ou-the-Main, (Germany), Sil-
ver, 150 to 152
Germany, Gold, 119, 133, 176, 177, 187,
209
Silver, 121 to 131, 135 to 175, 179 to
195, 199 to 207, 211 to 220
Gold and Silver Tables, Cash Value, 30
Current Coins, 509, 510
Equalization, 26
Standard Value, 28
U. S. A., (History), 18
Grains (English), and Grammes (French)
Table, 32
Grammes and Grains (Table), 32
Great Britain, Gold, 233 to 238, 261, 279
Silver, 241 to 283
Greece, Gold, 288
Silver, 289
Greek Coins (Ancient), 465 to 481
Greiz-Reuss (Germany), Silver, 191
Guatemala (C. A.), Gold, 51
Silver, 52, 53
Guiana (Great Britain). Silver, 277
Hanibiirg- (Germany), Silver, 155
Hanover (Germany), (iold, 157
Silver, 159
Hawii (Sandwich Islands), Silver, 68
llayti, Silver, 290, 291
Hechingen (Germany), Silver, 123
llesse-Cassel ((tcrnianv), (Sold, 119
Silver,
"
161, 163
TTesse Darmstadt (Germany), Silver, Kio
Hindostan, Gold, 427
Hohenzollern-Siuinarinncn ((Jermanv),
Silver,
'
'123
Holland, Gold, 29:'.
Silver, 295 to :5n;5
Honduras (C. A.), Silver, 54
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Hungary (Austria), Gold, 09 to 73
Silver, 74 to 85
India, East (Groat Britain), <Jold, 269
Silver, 2m, 271, 27:}
(Holland),Silver, ^01, 30:5
Islands (Holland), Silver, 299
Italy, Gold, 304, 312, 310 to 320, 329, 337,
3:38, 348
Silver, :^05 to 357
Japan, Gold, 358, 359, ;362
Silver, 360
Java (Holland), Silver, 303
Jewish Coins (Ancient), 508
La Plata (S. A.), Gold, 33
Silver, 34, 35
Leclienstein (German}), Gold, 119
Liberia (Africa),Silver, 08
Ligura (Italy), Silver, 1 3
Lippe (Cierniany), Silver, 107
Lobenstein (Geiniany). Silver, 191, 220
Lombardy-Venice (Italy), Gold, 312
Silver, :!55 to :357
Lubeck (Germany), Silver, 169
Lucca (Italy), Silver, 315
Malta (Great Britain), Goli!, 279
Silver, 281
Mecklenburg (Germany), SiI^e^, 271
Mediaeval Coins, 505 to 507
Mexico, Gold, 56, 57Silver, 58 to 61
Monaco (Italy), Gold, 320
Silver, 320
Morocco, Gold, 426
Silver, 429
Nassau (Germany), Gold, 119
Silver, 173
Netherlands (Holland), Gold. 293
Silver, 295 to 303
Newfoundland (Great Britain), Silver, 274
New Grenada (S. A.), Gold, 63
Silver, 62, 63Norway and Sweden, Gold, 443
Silver, 445, 447
Numbers and Cbaraclers (Oriental), 413
Nuremburg (Germany), Silver, 137
Obsidional Money (Great Britain),
Silver, 257
Oldenburg (Germany), Silver, 175
Oriental Numbers and (Muiracters, 413
Parma (Italy), Gold, 316
Silver, 317
Persia, Gold, 431
Silver,4;»3
Peru (S. A.), Gold, 04
Silver. 65, 67
Portugal, Gold, 371, 373
Silver, 375 to 379
Prussia (Germany), Geld, 176, 177
Silver, 179 to 189
Ragusa (Austria), Gold, (19 to 73
Silver, 74 to 85
Reuss-Greiz (Germany), Silver, 191
Reuss-Lobenstein (Germany), Silver, 191
Ring Money (Great Britain), 265, 267
Roman Coins (Ancient), 483 to 503
Rome (Italy), Gold, 319
Silver, 321to
327
oumania. Silver,
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INDEX-DESCRIPTIVE PAGES.
Afghanistan,
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Liberia (Africa),
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10
ORIGINA L SUBSCRIBERS. .
John AV. Thurston, 50 Mill street, Germantown, Pa.
11. Walworth, riattsburgh, Clinton Co., X. Y.Henry L. Jewett, Capitol Bank of Macon, Macon, Ga.
J. C. Weston, Cashier Clinton National Bank, Clinton, Iowa.
George F. Jasper, First National Bank of Qnincy, Quincy, Ills.
C. W. Statesman, Bunker Ilill, Ind.
L. Fleury, Decatur, Ills.
W. C. Stone, City Library, Springfield, Mass.
General M. C. Meigs, Washington, D. C.
E. F. Gerald, Auditor C. P. R. R., San Francisco, Cal.
Edwin Andrews, Deep River, Conn.
A. C. Gruhlke, Waterloo, Ind.
Central Library, Syracuse, X. Y.
S. L. Cushman, Cashier, The Bristol Co. Xat. Bank, Taunton, Mass.
F. J. Lothrop, Leominster, National Bank, Leominster, Mass.
P. H. Parker, Box 367, Washington, Ills.
Christine Elberg, Apenrade, Schlesvig, Germany.B. W. Kumler, Seven Mills, Butler Co., Ohio.
National Xumismatic Museum, Smithsonian Ins., AVashington, D. C.
J. H. Gray, Palatka, Fla.
Thomas Cunningham, Mohawk, Herkimer Co., X. Y.
F. W. Furman, 308 Westminster street. Providence, R. I.
James E. Taylor, Xo. 10 Branch street, Lowell, Mass.
C. W. Blume, Xuttellburg, Fayette Co., W. Va.
S. A. McKean & Co., 100 Washington street, Chicago, Ills.
Dr. G. H. Xewcomb, 94 Chestnut street, Albany, X. Y.
J. C. Fales, Prof. Xat. Science, Central College of Ky., Danville, Ivy,
W. R. Kinnaird, First Xational Bank, McGragor, Iowa.
Henry Abel, Jr., German Xational Bank, Pittsburgh, Pn.
John S. Cavern, Cashier First Xational Bank, Macon, Ga.
Academy, Mount St. Vincent on the Hudson, Xew York.
Chas. E. West, 138 Montague street, Brooklyn, X. Y.
AV. E. SherriU, Taylor, Texas.
Geo. L. Bolton, Room 52, Penna. R. K. Building, riiiladclphia. Pa.
Geo. A. IloUoway, 177 La Salle street, Chicago, Ills,
Jusliii Rinichi Ivuki, Ministerfrom Japan to V. S. A.
Dom Pedro II., Emperor of P)razil, S. A.
Albert M. Baker, 224 South Fifth street, Philadcl])hia, Pa.
Charles IT. Clarke 224 South Fifth street, Philadelphia, I*a.
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11
A. Hamljii Todd, Library of Parliament, Ottowa, Canada.
Augustine Schneider, 0. S. B. ^N'umismatist, Beatty P. 0. AVestmore-
land Co., Pa.
John Jones, Kent, Ohio.
Iv. K. Chapman, Farmers and Merchants Saving Fund, Smithfield. Va.
C. F. Sonne, Trukee, Cal.
Eli Foorman, Eaton, Ind.
John Cashner, Box 2, Spearfish, Dakota.
E. G. Hyman, Cashier, Bangor, Me.
M. Herbert, AVashington C. H., Ohio.
Chas. T.Hull,
Cashier First Xational Bank, Athens, Pa.John II. Werkheiser, Cashier, Silverton, Colorada.
C. H. Ryland, Librarian Richmond College, Richmond, Va.
"Winslow J. Howard, Assayer, Silver City, Xew Mexico.
Jesse Sweed, Quaker City, Ohio.
R. AV. McLochlin, 233 McGill street, Montreal, Canada.
Frank McCoy, Los Angeles, California.
John G. Anderson, 111 East 2d street, Jamestown, X. Y.
Chas. Morris, G40 Adams street, Chicago, Ills.
Edinger Bros., 18 Vesey street, New York City, X. Y.
Lachman & Jacobi, AVine Growers, San Francisco, California.
K. A. Lunderlielt, Librarian Public Library, Milwaukee, Wis.
Francis Ravenscroft, Birkbeck ]jank, Southampton Buildings, Chan-
cery Lane, London, England.
J. G. Staunton, Librarian Bates College, Lewiston, Maine.
J. 11. Bay, 27 East Southern Bay, Exeter, England.
Frank A. Wright, 43 Orange street, Lewiston, Maine.
Chas. Norton, Conneout, Ohio.
W. E. Bergcr, 324 X. 3d street, St. Louis, Mo.
Capt. C. Penick, R. D., Copenhagen, Denmark.
Edwin S, Foster, 35 Merimack street, Haverhill, Mass.
Judson W. Blacke, AYauseon, Fulton Co., Ohio.
Geo. Follett, corner Maine & Thames streets, Xorwich, Conn.
Miss XellieE. Williams, Colcliester, Xew London Co., Conn.
Byron Reed, Omaha, Xebraska.
Cha.s. B. Bovier, Supreme Gov., Knights of Columbia, Westfield, Mass.
J. G. Mills, 24 Plain street, Albany, X. Y.
A. Gartner, Savannah, Ga.
Miss S. S. Cox, 22 AVest Walnut Lane, Germantown, Pa.
Carl C. Zschiesche, Xumismatist, 4 Konigsstrasse, Leipzig, Germany.
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13
COPYRIGHTED BY A. M. SMITH
CURRENT GOLD AP SILVER COINS OF THE WORLD.A COMPILATION FROM OFFICIAL DATA.
Name, Fineness ami Weight, of Coins furnished especially for this ^ork by the TT'^x.
Director U. 8. Mint. Amount of Pure Metal in Each Piece, accurately computed. Cur-
rent Valuation of the Coins based upon tiie official proclamation of the Secretary U. S.
Treasury, that "the values of such coins, expressed in the money of account of the United
States, are to be talvcn ia estimating the values of all foreign merchandize, made outia
any of said Currencies "
Gold.
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14
Gold. 1
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].")
Owing to the frequent variations in the metal value of Silver, it is here computed at U. 3.
value, 1000 fine, Sl.OO per ounce.
Silver.
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iletal value of Silver, it is here comjiuted at U. S. value, 1000 fine, >!1.00 per ounce.
Silver.
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UNITED STATES, Gold. I.
J7
^^innrn.m„^
'""'•iiE^'"^ '"->•",,....«»*
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18
United States Coin History Tabulated.
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UNITED STATES, n. a Gold. I.
19
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20
length, from Cape Cod on llie Atlantic to the Pacific near the 43 parallel, is nearly
2,800 miles and the greatest breadth, from tlio X. W. extremi:y of iMiuneso a to the
southermost point of Texas 1,G00 miles. The area, from the census report of 18S0,
3,607,530 sq. miles (including Alaska but exclusive of the Lakes and River surfaces
hounding the Eepublic or single States). There are 38 States, 1 Federal District and
10 Territories. Tlie total area of the States and Territories, including water surface
of the Lakes and Rivers, is equal to about 4,000,000 sq. miles. In 1700 the popula-
tion of the U. S. was 3,929,214; there were 6 cities containing an aggregate of 131,-
472 inhabitants. The census of 1880 shows: population of the Republic 50,155,783;
Kumber of cities 28G; population of these cities 11,318,547. The official valuation of
property in 1880, real and personal, of the people of the U. S., was $43,642,000,000.
The Independence of the United States was acknowledged by England which had
held them as colonies, on September 13th, 1783, after a war which commenced in
1770, thirteen States were in the original confederation and these are given first in the
table following.
Aroa Value of
bq. Alliespioauctsiuisso
Peiinsvlvania
New Haiups^liire
.Ma»aclmsettsPvluulf Island
("iiunectieiit
New YorkKi'w Jersey
DelawareI^Iaryland
Virginia
Nortli Carolina
South Carolina
GeorgiaKentiiclcy
VermontTenues.seeOhioLouisiana
IndianaMississippi
Illinois
Alabama
MaineMissouri
ArkansasMichiganFloridaIowaTexasWisconsinCalifornia
MinnesotaOregonKansasWest Virginia
NevadaNebraska<^olorado
Dist. (."olumbiaTer. New Mexico
•• Utah" ^\'ashington" Dakota" Ari7ona" Idaho" Montana" Wyoming" Indian" Alaska
Total
45,21.5
9,3ft5
8,Slo
1,2.30
4.tlti0
49.170
7.M.)
2.0.JII
12.210
42:4.30
52.2-0
30.570
51/,475
40,400
9,505
42,050
41.000
48,720
30.:!50
46.SI0
.5t).(i50
52.250
33.010
00,415
53,S50
.58,015
o«,080
5(),02.5
2^5,780
50,040
1.38.300
83.:!(t3
it(i,o:W
82.(IS0
24.7,S0
110,7(10
70..S55
103,925
70
122..5S0
84,i»70
69, ISO
119,100
113,020
81,800
14(i,()S0
97,S90
64,090
.577,390
3,C07,,5;!0
$ 744,748,045
73,978,028
631..311,484
101,103,021
1 S3,080,211
l,oso,i;:i8.096
231.375.236
2li514,438
100,771,393
51,810,092
20,084,237
10.738,008
30,447,448
75,4&3.377
31,a54;366
37,074.886
318.305;.390
24,20.3.183
14s,000.41l
7,495,s(l2
414.804,073
13,.30.3,504
79,825,.393
105,384,005
0.7.36,1.59
150,092:025
5,.546.448
71,04.5,926
20,719,928
12S.245.480
11().227.973
7(1,005.198
10.S79.982
;)O,790,212
22,807,120
2,179,026
12,027,336
11,260,1.39
11,882,316
1,284,816
4,-324,992
8.2.50,134
2,373,970
(il.3.()6.5
1.271,317
1.83.3.H07
898,494
20.000.4.55
3.721.173
3.3.39.079
.514.813
2.470,413
2.3.7S0.754
2.i)29.773
1.090;245
5. 185. 221
19.910.700
22.0.39.041
l;!..Vi3.2r,7
20,127.9.33
21.941.974
4.SS2.-3S8
20,(l(;(i.913
1N.>33.:;: 1
(i.-Vj2.57s
28,177,9(0
12.061.547
13,869.221
3,297,324
25,0.S5,163
30.303.4.54
1.3.:;.3.3,118
10..393.742
13.403.019
4,428,712
21,4.34.470
10.225.;M1
5.30. S(;2
9,944. S20
1,12(),.3S3
18,146
631.131
6.">3,.524
1,409,421
3,HO0,6.:6
1.33.573
.327;7i'8
4( '5,083
124,4;{3
&3,363.007,706;5.3ii,309.179
l.i'i
](I2
$ 97.5.689.410
75;S34.389
14(i,197.415
25.SS2,079
121,003,910
1,03(),176,741
190.895,833
30,789.072105..303,341
210.028.107
135.7!)3,002
08,(i77.482
I11.910..540
299,298,(!31
1(19,310.010
2ii(i.749,S37
1.127. 497 .;;.33
3s.:is;i.il7
(.:;..,2:;ii.lll
92,> 11.915
11,3.^0
W,018
)7,015
375,033,307
74,249,6.5.5
499,103,181
20.291,835
507,430,227
170,468.886
357,709,507
202.051,282
193,724,2(.0
50,908,575
235,178.9:!6
l:i.!,147,175
5.40S.325.
103.9.32..541
2-3.109,223
3,(i32,403
.5.-314,399
H.01-3.178
l::.S4 1,224
22.401,3S4
1.127,946
2..^:!2,890
3.234.-304
8;i3,895
S10,197.09(!.776
Ejcpeiullt'rs
Pub. Schools
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[The inhabitants of Alaska and the Indian Territory (both unorganized), are-
not incluacd in the above total under "population." In 1880, the Alaska census
showed 30, 1~8 inhabitants; the estimated population of the Indian Territory was75,000. In 1880, the total "colored" population of the United States, including
T^egroes, Chinese, Japanese and Indians, was 6,580,793. Foreign born whites, over
213'earsofage, 3,072,487.]
In the year 1884 there was exported from the United States; of merchandise:
$740,513,609 in value; of specie $67,133,383; of agricultural products, $536,315,318.
Immigrants arriving in the U. S., in 1884, 518,592; total immigration from 1820 to
1885, 12,719,095. The report of the principal cereal productions in 1880, shows a
totalof 1,754,861,535 bushels of Indian corn; 459,479,505 of wheat; 407,858,999 of
oats: 44,113,495 of barley; 19,831,595 of rye; and 11,817,327 of buckwheat. Total
cotton production for 1880, was 5,737,257 bales, averaging 475 poimds to the bale.
Salt produced, in 1880, was in value $4,817,636. The sugar product of the State of
Louisiana alone, in 1883, was 221,515 hogsheads, the average weight of each being
1,137 pounds. The total tobacco crop of the United States, in 1879, was 469,816,208
pounds, valtied at $36,624,357. Pig iron manufactured in 1883, amounted in tons to
5,146,972. In 1884, there was in operation, a total of 110,414 miles of railroad, built
and equipped at a cost of $6,084,756,045, the gross earnings of which, in 1883,
amounted to $823,772,924. The telegraph companies of the United States, in 1884,
had an aggregate exceeding 104 miles of line, one company alone controlling 145,037
miles of line, with 450,571 miles of wire, sending in that year 42,076,226 messages,
and receiving $19,632,940. The coal fields of the United States are estimated to em-
brace an area of over 600,000 square miles. There were within the Union, in 1884,
12,671 different periodicals in course of publication, daily, weekly or monthly. Tlie
public lands of the United States still open for settlement, and sold at government
rates, in 1884, comprised an area of 2,835,883 square miles, or 1,814,965,179 acres.
In 1883, there were 22,383 patents issued from the United States Patent Office. The
public debt, in 1884, amounted to $1,830,528,923.57, a reduction of $942,707,250.12
from 1866, at the conclusion of the civil war. There are 50,017 post offices; 43,338,-
127 miles of post -routes, and the service is administered at a cost of $40,404,960 per
annum. The total tonnage in 1884, including vessels of every class, was 4, 271, 229 tons.
The total receipts of the U. S. for the year ending June 30, 1884, were $343,519,809.
The gold and silver produce from the mines of the United States in 1883, in value
was of gold $30,000,000 ; of silver $46,200,000. The amount of National Bank and
Legal-Tender Xotes, outstanding on October 31st, 1884 was, of Xational Bank Notes
$332,473,693; of Legal-Tender Notes $346,681,016. The United Stales paid in 1884,
in pensions to the 322,756 surviving participants in her wars, or to their legal heirs,
the sum of $56,963,098. Tlie amount of appropriation made by Congress, for the
fiscal year 1885, to carry on the different departments of the government, was $137,-
451,398. To enumerate the cultivated and natural products of the United States
would require more space than a volume of tliis class can afford. There is no gift be-
stowed by nature, necessary for the comfort or luxury of mankind that does not exist
or have its equivalent within the boundaries of the nation ; tlie wealth of minerals,
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23
UNITED STATES, Silver.
„„.......«„„„.
<.0 S'l' V „ ,„.»v»»«""""".„,,^
'5> » • ^ <^
'"""•M,m„,,iwv»*^*'''
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UNITED STATES, n a Silver. I.
25
5
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2G
GIVING THE AMOUNT OF GOLD OR SILVER IN COIN.Kxplaiiation :—To find tlie artiuil amount of pure metal contained in a coin, its fineness being
known, take the gross weiglit of the (tieee on the " grains " table and follow directly across until the
column of the given fineness is reached. Thus, 110 grains gross, at 87.') fine is found to be 96^grains pure. If the coin weighs llli» gross take the I'JO and the !• figures in the grains table. TheraUulatiiius are only made as far as tSOO fine. If lower or intcnni'diatc'gra(h\s of lincucss arc sought,
the simple rules of arithmetic will give the residts of any pussililc cdndiination. 4."i() tine being one-
half of the figures here given for 'JUU, &c., &c. Of course 1000 tine means the entire gross weight is pure.
Gross
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UNITED STATES, N. A.
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28
COPYRIGHTED BV A. M. SMITH. TABLESstandard Fineness of Aiwrican Coins, the Latin Cui'in, and yine-Tcnths of the World. Cash Value
of Gold and Silver, 900 Fim, hn Grains and Ptanijicelyhts.
GOLD. Grains on outer colunin, money value oppo.site. V . S. Standard. 900 fine, Sl.S.fiOpei
ounce.
GRAINS.
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UNITED STATES, Silver. I.
29
7
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no
TABLESOPYRJGHTED BV A. M. SMiTH.
Givine the Cash Vnlne of Ooltl an<l Silver 1000 Fine by Ornins aii<1 Pennyweights.'Pile valiKi of aiiv U-sser fiiuMii'ss may luMlettTiuiued by ilecliictiugat the rate of 10 prr cent, foreacli huiulred.
Thus iCi (F.iiglisli Standard) is 7'- lier rent, less than this table. For UOt) fine (Anieritari Standard) deduct lU
per cent. ; fur 8.jU, take olf lo per cent, and so on to any limit.
Opposite the number of grains on the outer eolnmns, stauds its mouey value cal-
culated at r. S. Staudaril. KiOO tine. S'.'O.Gli per otiuce.GOLD.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Oue-half
12
15
20
One
24
30
3540
(V? 7.3
(U 7 3
rm 7 3
1073
•-•-' (iO
•^-•-4?
9X3 3
3413•"^3
Pennyweight
r,i 13
.86tVPennyweight
1.03,3^
1.29^
1.50fi
1.72J
GRAINS.
45Two48
50
55
60
05
70Three
72
75
80
85
90
95Four
96
100
105
110115
1 93 lA
Pennyweight
2.061
2.15/:i
2.36ft
2.58:t
2.79IJ
3.01^Pennyweight
3.09^Q 90 1 3
3.441
3.65H3.871
4.08HPennyweight
4.13^
4.30A4.51if
4.73H4.9r>^
GRAINS.
Five
120
125
130
135
140
Six
144150
155
160Seven
168
170
175
180
185
190Eight
192195
Pennyweight
5.16:L
5.38-V
5.59H5.81tV
6.02/^Pennyweight
6.19A6.45|
6.67/^
6.8SfPennyweight
7.23tL7 Q1 17
7 531i
7.74f
7.96if
8.17ifPennyweight
8.2618.39^
200
205
210
215
Nine
216
220
225
230
235
Ten
240
250
300
350Fifteen
360
400
450Twenty
480
8.601
8.8211
9.03|
Pennyweight
9.29,7^
9.46^^
9.68/^
9.90i
lU.UlfPeiniyweight
10.33
10.76,V
12.9li
15.06iiPennyweight
15.491
17.21f19.361
Pennyweight
20.66
SI I\ /p O Tlie money value occupies tlie outside columns in this table
I L_V iZ. Ii • Silver fluctuates more and more each year, these calculation
iil)on the metal atll.OO per ounce. KXlll fine; such price beiu^ a fair and safe average
As the juice ofs have been based
for bluer and seller.
GRAINS
.oi^V
.02
.02tV
.03
.04
One
.05
.05^\
.06
.061
.07
•07/t.08
.09
•09|Two
.10
.10^\
.11
.12
m.13
.14
14 7
Tliree
.15
503
10
14f
19^Pennyweight
24
25
28f30q'^3
35
38f
43J45
Pennyweight
48
50r,94
55
57|
00
02|
65
67J70
Pennyweight
72
15f
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UNITED STATES, Silver. 1.
31
8
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32
ADVANCE SHEET FROM REPORT OX THE PRODUCTION OF THE PRECIOUSMETALS IN THE U. S. FOR 1885, BY THE UIRECTOK OF THE MINT.
Average price of her xih-er in London, per ouiirf. British slandiird, (935, ) siwW^sr.x and the equivalent inUaittd atatex yold coin of an ounce 1, MO fine, taken at the averaye price.
Calendar
yuar.
1-33..
1834..
1835..
1830..
1837..
183S..1839..
184a..
1841 .
1842..
1843..
1844..
184.-)..
184i),.
18t7..
1848..
1849..18")0..
' Value of aAverage flue ouncequotation, at average
London. quotation.
u. s.
d.
o9A59ia
59ix
GO
•'•'Ttr
59.^
G0|
00|
G(VV
^^,59 i
59 i
5911
59.i
'
59|
Dollars.
1.29,7
1.31,3
1.30,8
1.3L5
1.30;5
1.30,41.32,3
1.32,3
1.31,6
1.30,3
1.29,7
1.30,4
1.29,8
1.30
1.30,8
1.30,4
1.30,91.31.G
Calendarquotation.
London.
1851
.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
185G
.
1857.
1858
.
i^m18G().
1861.
1862.
1863
1864.
18G5.
18iJ6.
18(57186^.
d.
61
GO.I
6U6U
61^
02^
611
61|
61^
Value of aline ounceat averagequoiation.
Li. S.
Dollars.
1.33,7
1.32.6
1.34,8
1.34,8
1.34,4
1.34,41.35,3
1.34,4
1.36
1.35,2
1.33,3
34,6
34,5
34,5
33,8
33,9
32,832,6
Calendar
year.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1.S79.
1880.
18S1
1882
.
18^3.
188 1.
1.-85.
Average
quotation.
London.
d.
60/,
(30^60J
^^\%
59i
56^
52f
54ii|
51-
52151 1 s•J-^rtr
50f
50f.ftJL
Value of atine ounceat averagequotation.
U.S.
Dollars.
l.:.2,5
1.32,8
l.£2,6
1.32,2
1.29,8
1.27.81.24,<)
1.15.6
1.20,1
1.15,2
1.12.3
1.14,5
1.13,8
1.13.6
1.11.0
1.11,3
1.06,48
RATIO OF SILVER TO GOLD EACH TEN YEARS SINCE 1687.
YEAR.
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ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.ca platans a Gold. n.,
''^^
Gold. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, (iaplata)
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT
OF
Coin.
GRAINS
PURE
Sn.A"KR
VALUE
(ien'l Kosa,
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ARG. REPUBLIC (LA PLATA) s A Silver.
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;*(;
Silver. BOLIVIA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
iWEIGHT grains!
OF
Cjin.I
PURE
Silver
VALi::.
1.
2. No gold cuius are issiunl
3. by Bolivia for gent'ral
4. circulation. There is
5. a Doubloon minted, in
6. general style resembling
7. the silver coins ; its value
8. is $1.5.58.
Peso.
Peso of 8 Reals.
do
Boliviano.
1-1(3 Peso or i Real.
i do
V do
J do
i do
900
900
900
900
900
677
677
900
414
41S
418
500
25
210
210
372
376
376
450
22
144
144
47
BOLIVIA, S. A.
900 104 93
Silver. III.
.77
.78
.78
.93
.04i
.30
.30
.09
.19
Silver. BOLIVIA, S. A.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.C(.)IN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OF I PURE ^ALlT.Coin. Silver
1.
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;J7
BOLIVIA S. A. Silver. ni..
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38
BRAZIL, s A Gold. IV.
Gold. BRAZIL.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT
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39
BRAZIL, A Silver. IV.
Silver. BRAZIL.
No
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40
Silver.
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42
Gold.
No. PERIODOR SECTION.
CHILI.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFIPURE
Coin. Gold.VALUE.
3. Chili became ii Eepublic,
4. secediug from Spain, in
5. 1817.
6. Its gold coinage is much
7. below the U.S. Standard.
Doubloon.
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4;;
CHILI. Gold.
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44
Silver. CHILI.
No.
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CHILI, s A Silver.
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46
COLOMBIA, U. S. oFSA Gold. VI.
Gold. REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA, S. A.
No.
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47
COLOMBIA, U. S. OF S. A. Silver. VI.
Silver. REPUBLIC OF COLUMBIA, S. A.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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•ib
ECUADOR, Gold. VII.
1.
Gol
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49
ECUADOR. Silver vir.
Silver. ECUADOR, S. A.
PERIODOR SECTION.COIX.
1
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50
Silver. Vll.,
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
2. Tlie money of this country
3. fluctuates greatly. The
4. name of the Capitol, Quito,
5. where the mint is, will lie
Peso.
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51
GUATEMALA, Gold. VIII.
Gold. GUATEMALANo.
PERIODOR SECTION.
WEIGHT GRAINS
COIN.I
FINE. OFI
PURE
i
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
The most populous of
the Central Americau
Republics.
Gold coinage very un-
certain as to fineuess.
(^uadrujile.
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52
GUATEMALA, Silver. VIII.
Guatemala. Silver. Xo. 1. Peso. 386 grs. weight, 847 grs. pure, 72 cts. Xos.
2 and 3. Ileal, 09 cts. No. 4. 2 Reals, 18 cts. Nos. 5 and (>. 4 Heals, 30 cts. All
tliese are 900 line and iJropoilionate in weight witli the Peso. Xo. 7. 835 tine, 210
grs. weight, 172 grs. pure, 31 cts.
GUATEMALA, the most nortlicru and popidous ottlic liepubhcs of Central
America. It comprises nineteen departments. Total area, 44,800 square miles;
population (1872), 1,197,054. Tlie principal exports are cochineal, indigo, sugar,
inaliogany, sarsai)aiilla, tobacco, fruits and coffee (the cotTee crop of 1884 exceeded
4:3,000,000 ponii(l>), amounting to 83.710.240.
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53
GUATEMALA, c Silver Viri.
Published by A. M. Smith,
Post Office Box 754,
Philadelphia, Pa.. U. S. A.
The ea
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54
HONDURAS, cA. Silver. Villi.
Honduras, mostcentral of the C. A.Kepublics,— 58,168 sq.
miles; 87(5, 410 popula-
tion ; Kevenue, 1882,
$1,120,000; expenditure
about the same. Debt,?;n ,000,000. Exportsabout $1,305,000; oneRailway; products, ma-
hogany, fruit cattle, su-gar, tobacco, coffee, in-
digo, india-rubber,1 1 ides, skins, sarsapa-
rilla, cedar, fustic, rose
and Lima wood. Min-eral wealth is great.
Capital, Tegueigalapa.
The Coins of Honduras and Uruguay here represented, are the Pesoand Half Peso, all 900 tine, 38!) grains weiglit, 317 grains pure, worth 72 cts. for
the Peso, and the Half Peso in proportion.
URUGUAY. Silver. Villi
Uruguay, a Repub-lic of South America.
72,151 sq. miles, about
500 ,000 pop. ReV . 1 883
was nearly $10,000,000;
expenditures, same .
Debt, ?62,000,000. Pa-
per money imcurrent in
commerce. Capital,]\I(mtevideo. 500 miles
of R.R. Exports, 1882,
$22,220,512. The grains
are cultivated ;
theex-
l)orts are wool, hides,
liorn, hair and tallow.
Gold mines exist.
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VENEZUELA, s. a
4
Silver. Xll.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
1.
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Ob
Gold. MEXICO.
No.
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MEXICO. ^ A Gold.
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o8
Silver. MEXICO.
No.
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59
MEXICO. N A Silver.
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60
Silver. MEXICO.
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GI
Silver. IX.
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62
Gold. NEW GRENADA.
No.
PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
See remarks on Silver.
Dobloon, 16 Pesos.
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N. GRENADA.
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Gold. XI.
Silver.
i-ii; do
PERU.
No.
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65
PERU, Silver. XI.
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66
Silver.
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G7
PERU, s
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6^
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AND RAGUSA. GoM. XIII. ,
Gold. AUSTRIA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE,
WEIGHT
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70
Gold. AUSTRIA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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71
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AND RAGUSA. Gold. XIII.
^••r.fi
iV S9^
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72
Gold. AUSTRIA.
No.
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/c
AUSTRIA H U GARY AND RAC;USA. Gold XTII.
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74
Silver.
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AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AND KAGUSA. SilVeF. XTII.
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76
Silver. AUSTRIA.
No.
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77
AUSTRIA. HU V GARY AND RAGUSA. SUver. XITT.
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78
Silver. AUSTRIA.
No.
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79
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AXD KAGUSA SilVGr. XTII.
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80
Silver.
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8T
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AND RAGUSA.
9
Silver. XIIT.
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82
Silver. AUSTRIA.
No.
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83
AUSTRIA. HUNGiARY AND RAGUSA. Silver. x:iT.
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84
Silver. AUSTRIA. HUNGARY.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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85
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY AND RAGUSA. SilVeF. XIII
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86
Silver.
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87
BELGIUM. SUver. XIV.
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ss
Gold. DENMARK.No.
PERIODOR SECTION.
COIN.
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81)
DENMARK. Gold XVI.
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90
Silver. DENMARK.
No.
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!)1
DENMARK. SHver. XVL
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92
Silver. DENMARK.
No.
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'.).•;
DENMARK. Silver. XVI.
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M
Silver.
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95
DENMARK. SUver. XVI.
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96
Silver. DENMARK.
No.
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98
Silver. DENMARK.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FIXE.
weight gra1.,s
ofi
pure value.
Coin. Silver
(In Comnicmoatioa of Suppressec
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99
DENMARK.
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KM)
Gold. FRANCE.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1,
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1(11
FRANCE. Gold XVTI.
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! 02
Gold. FRANCE.
No.
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lu:}
FRANCE.
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104
Silver. FRANCE.
No.
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FRANCE.
105
Silver. XVII.,
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106
Silver FRANCE.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
COIN. FIXE.
WL-lGHl'
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lo;
FRANCE. Silver. XVll.
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lOS
Silver. FRANCE
No.
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FRANCE.
109
SHver. XVIT.,
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Silver.
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Ill
FRANCE. Silver. XVII.
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112
Silver.
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113-
FRANCE.Silver. XVir.
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lU
Silver. FRANCE.
No.
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FRANCE.Silver. XVii.
,
>^r^b ^ ^ ^t'^S'.'"'',h- '.... "yfi^ia;/^'"
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116
Silver. FRANCE.
No.
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FRANCE.Silver. XVli.
^•^ill^sli^'
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118
Gold. GERMANY.
No.
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119
G'ETJTVrA'NrV LEICHENSTEIN. HESSE-CASSEL r* ^1 /l ^^rmXSlllX±yi.J±LH X . SAXONY. NASSAU. BRUiNfSWlCK. U-OlCl. XVlTl. 1
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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1-20
Silver. GERMANY
No.
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121
GERMANY. lirE:^Si^lol\^HY^-^^^'^^^^- SUver. XVIII. 2
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122
Sil\
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I2i
CxERlVrANV ?CHWARZBURG_RUDOI,STADT. a^l„^^ VT7-TTT oJTJUrVlVl^iN I . HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN'. OUVer. XVIII. 3HECHINGEN
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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124
Sil^
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125
GERMANY, anhaltSilver. XVlii. 4
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126
Silver. GERMANY, ^^^den.
Ko.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OF 1 PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
1.
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12;
GERMANY, baden.Silver. XVI I r. 5
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128
Silver.
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GERMANY, babka
129
Silver. XViii. a
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180
Silver. GERMANY.
No.PERIOD
ORSECTION.
COIN. FINE,
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
i.
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131
GERMANY. BADEN.Silver, xviii. 7
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132
Gold. GERMANY. BAVARIA.
No.
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GERMANY. BAVARIA Gold. XVIII.
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134
Silver. GERMANY, bavaria
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
weight grains
fine. ofi
pure
Coin. Sila^er
VALUE.
1.
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135
GERMANY, bavariaSilver. XVlli.
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136
Silver. GERMANY.
No.
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GERMANY. BAVARIA.NUREMBERG
137
Silver. XVIII. lo
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1-38
Silver. GERMANY, ^^varia
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY, bavaria
119
Silver. XVIII. ii
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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140
Silver. GERMANY. BAVARIA.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 149/521
141
GERMANY, bavak.a. Silver. XVIII. 12
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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142
Silver. GERMANY. Bremen
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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143
GERMANY, bremen Silver. XVlll. 13
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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144
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 153/521
14.1
GERMANY. Brunswick.Silver. XVlii. u
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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146
Silver. GERMANY, brunswick.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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14;
GERMANY. Brunswick.Silver. XYIIT. 15
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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14S
Silver. GERMANY, bruxswick.
Xo.
PERIOD
OR SECTION. COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OF I PURECoin. Sila'er VALUE.
1.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY. Brunswick.
^ SPECIES^P THALER 5
^<^IK^^
lid
SUver. XVITI.,6
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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150
Silver. GERMANY. FRANKFORD-ON-THE-MAiy.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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151
GERMAMY. FRAXKFORT-ON^-THE-MAIX. SilVGr. XVIIT. ^^
1
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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152
Silver. GrEIilVTANY. FRANKFORT-OX-THE-.MAI.V.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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153
GERMANY. tRANKFcDRT-ox-niEMAiN. SllvGr. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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1.-.4
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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U5
Silver. XVIII.,
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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156
Gold. GERMANY, hANOVER.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. (FINE,
WEIGHT
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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V>7
XVIII.
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158
Silver. GERMANY, hanover
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY, hanover
159
Silver. XVIII.,,
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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160
Silver. GERMANY. HESSE-CASSEL.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OF PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
I.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY, h
16L
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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162
Silver. GERMANY, i'ksse-cassel.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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163
HESSE-CASSEL.Silver. XYlii.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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1 (M
Silver.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
Pliilipp.
Ludwig II.
do
Philipp.
Ludwig I.
Ludwig II.
Ludwig III.
Ludwig II.
GERMANY. HESSE-DARMSTADT.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
2 Gulden.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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J6o
GERMANY, hessedarmsTADT. Silver. XVlli.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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166
Silver
No.
GERMANY. ! IPPE.
PERIODOR SECTION. COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT
OF
Coin.
GRAINS
PURE
SilverVALUE.
1.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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167
GERMANY, lppe Silver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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1G8
Silver. GERMANY.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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169
GEKMANY. lubeck Silver. XVlll.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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170
Silver. GSRIVIANY. MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
1.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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171
GERMANY, mejklexuurg. Silver, xnu.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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SHver. GERMANY.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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173
GEKMANY. Nassau
1
SHver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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174
Sil^
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175
GERMANY, oldexburg. SUver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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176
Gold. PRUSSIA.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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177
GERMANY. PRUSSIA. Gold. XYTTI. ,,
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17
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17'.)
GERMANY, PRUSSIA. Silver. XYlii.
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18U
Silver.
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181
GERMANY. PRUSSIA. SUver. XVIII.,,
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
A.M. SMITH, Publisher
PHILADKLPHU. FA.:
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182
Silver. PRUSSIA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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18^
GERMANY. PRUSSIA. Silver, xviii.32H
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184
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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185
GERMANY. Prussia SHver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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186
Silver. PRUSSIA.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 195/521
187
GERMANY, pku SUver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 196/521
188
Silver. PRUSSIA.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 197/521
189
GERMANY, pil^sia. Silver. XMII. ,.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 198/521
190
Silver. GERMANY. REUSS-GRF.rZ AND REUSS I-OBF.NSTEIN-.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 199/521
191
GERMANY. REUSS GREIZ.REUSS LOBENbTEIN. Silver. XVIII.
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192
r' r^,<1?!-^^-^.
^ ^P
Silver. GERMANY. SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 201/521
193
GERMANY. SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA. Silver. XVlll.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 202/521
194
Silver GERMANY.
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19;
GERMANY. SAXE-COEURG-GOTHA. SHver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 204/521
1<1G
Gold. GERMAN. SAXONY.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 205/521
J 97
GERMANY. SAXONY. Gold. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY. sAxoxv.
199
SHver. XYlll.,„
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 208/521
i(JO
Silver. GERMANY, saxoxv
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 209/521
GERMANY, saxon
201
Silver. XVIII.,,
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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202
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 211/521
203
GERMANY, saxony Silver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 212/521
•20i
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 213/521
205
GERMANY, saxony Silver. XVIII.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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206
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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20i
GERMANY. WALDECK. Silver. XVlli.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 216/521
208
Gold. GERMANY. WURTEMBERG.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 217/521
209
GERMANY, wurtemburg Gold. XVIII.
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210
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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212
Silver. GERMANY, wurtemberg.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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21i
GERMANY, wurtemburg.
1
SUver- XVIII.^^
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214
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GERMANY, wurtemburg.
215
Silver. XVIII.,«
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216
Silver. GERMANY. WURTEMBERG.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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GERMANY, wurtemburg Silver. XVlll.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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218
Silver. GERMANY. WURTEiMBERG.
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/illustrated-encyclopaedia-of-gold-and-silver-coins-from-around-the-world 227/521
219
GERMANY, ^v UKTEMBURG. SUver. XYIII.
Published by A. M. tijiiTH,
Post Office T5ox 754,
PaitADELPmA, Pa., U. S, A.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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220
GERMANY, LOBENSTEIN Silver. XVIII.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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ROUMANIA,
221
SHver. XXXVin.
ROUMANIA COINS.—Silver, all 900 Fine. No. 1, 5 Lei, 385 grains weight,
346 grs. pure,—72 cents ; Nos. 3 and 6, 1 Leu, 77 grains weight, 09 grs. pure,—14
eents; Nos. 3 and 5, 50 Bani, 38 grs. weight, 34 grs. pure,—7 cents ; Nos. 4 and 7,
3 Lei, 154 grs. weiglit, 138 grs. pure,—28 cents.
ROUMANIA. This kingdom consists of the Moldo-Wallachia provinces,
formerly belonging to Turkey, by treaty of Berlin, 13th July, 1878, recognized as
an independent State, and the territory of Dobrudscha added to it; raised to a king-
dom March 26, 1881. Total area, 49,202 square miles; population 5,370,000. Walla-
chia, largest of the three provinces, has area of 28,276 square miles. The soil is very
rich. Products: corn, maize, millet, beans and peas; vines and various fruits arc
abundant; forests most extensive. Immense numbers of cattle, sheep and horses
are reai'cd; minerals and precious metals are said to abound. Exports: wheat,
maize, rock-salt and cattle. Moldavia, the least of the three provinces, has about
2,200,000 inhabitants; it produces large quantities of fruit, grain and wine. Public
revenue of Roumania (1884), $26,289,115; exi^enditures, about the same as the reve-
nue; public debt, $132,810,060; imports (1882), $53,870,420; exports (1882), $48,-
946,141. Since 1881, there has been authorized an issue of 25,000,000 lei, in pieces
of 5 lei; the coinage of gold has been very small, the circulation in that metal is
composed almost entirely of Napoleons and Austrian pieces of 8 and 4 florins. The
paper circulation in 1883, was 12,091,730 francs in treasury notes, and 58,498,790
francs in national bank notes.
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•>)•)
Gold. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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GREAT BRITAIN. Gold.
223
XTX.,
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22r>
GREAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
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22G
Gold. GKEAT BRITAIN.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT
OF
Coin.
GRAINS
PURE
Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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227
GREAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
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229
GREAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
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•230
Gold. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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281
GREAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
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•2:]2
Gold. GREAT BHITAIN.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
COIN.
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GHEAT BHITAIN
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2;u
Gold. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
PERIOD
OR SECTION. COIN. FINE.
WEIGH!'
OFCoin.
GRAINS
I
PUREGold. VALUE.
1.
2.
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235
GKEAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
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236
Gold.
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237
GREAT BRITAIN.
1 /^^'^^fe>v5
Gold. XIX.
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2;38
GKEAT BRITAIN. Gold. XIX.
No.
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2;J9
GREAT BRITAIN.Province Wellesley, on the main land, opposite Penang, is a strip of coast, about
45 miles in length, with some land south of the Krian River, and a large district
called the Dindings. It has an area of 270 square miles, is under the authorities of
Penang, and in a high state of cultivation, compared with the neighboring territory.
Cyprus, an island of the Levant, at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea,
about 50 miles from the coast of Asia Minor, and 60 miles from its north-east ex-
tremity to the port of Latakia on the Syrian coast, with which it is connected by
submarine telegraph cable; the distance to Port Said at the entrance of the Suez
Canal, is 240 miles. Area, estimated 4,000 square miles, with population in 18S1, of
185,870. The principal productions are cotton, wine, grain, carobs (or locust beans),
and fruits. In olden times it was celebrated for its mineral wealth, the copper being
of superior grade; the mines were long abandoned, but are now being again worked;large quantities of salt are obtained from salt lakes near Larknaka. Exporis: cotton,
wine, salt, locust-beans, wheat, barley, wool, silk, spirit, sponges and raisins.
Cyprus still forms part of the Ottoman Empire, but the government is administered
by England, and will be while Russia holds Batoum and Kars. The Sublime Porte
receives a yearly subsidy of $438,430. In 1883, the exports amounted to $1,451,050.
Ontario and Quebec, or Canada Proper. The area of these two pro
viuce.^ is 290,421 square miles (Ontario 101,733: Quebec 188,088); Upper or Western
Canada is now Ontario, Lower or Eastern Canada is Quebec; and these are sepa-
rated by the river Ottawa. Quebec also includes the Isle of Anticosti and the 3Iag-
dalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The inhabitants of Lower Canada are
mostly of French descent; those of Upper Canada chiefly British. The timber trade
has long been, and still is, the most valuable of its commerce, though agriculture
and cattle raising are fast growing in importance; the fisheries also yield great reve-
nues. The mineral resources are not fully developed, but a large section, especially
the shores of Lake Superior and Lake Huron produce gold, silver, cobalt, iron, lead,
zinc and copper; sandstone, limestone, slate, and marbles of every color are found.
Petroleum is produced in large quantities. Agriculture receives most attention in
Ontario, and farm products as exports, are divided about equally between the
United States and Great Britain; Montreal, Quebec and Toronto being the great cen-
tres of distribution. Kingston occupies a relation to the Lake trade, similar to that
of Quebec with the sea, Toronto being second in sharing this commerce. Montreal
commands a vast overland system of communication by canal and railway.
THE DOMIXIOX OF CANADA, since 1807, a confederated govern-
ment, embracing the British North American Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Newr^runswick. Nova Scotia, ^lanitoba, British Columbia, North-West Territorj^, Van-
couver's and Prince Edward Islands. This territorj', about as large as Europe,
i^tretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and the area is estimated at 3,580,-
290 square miles. Its exports are agricultural products, animals, and produce
thereof; woods and lumber, fish, manufoctured goods and gold, silver, copper, co-
balt, iron, zinc, lead, sandstones, limestone, slate and marbles, amounting in 1883
to $93,407,072. Poi)ulation, 4,352,080. There is no mint in Canada. In 1883
(latest report) of gold coin and gold bullion there was imported $1,228,753; and ex-
ported $476,192; of silver coin and silver bullion there was no export, and the
inqjort amounted to $880,000. $950,000 of gold Avas produced the same year
fiom the mines. The paper circulation outstandiiig Avas, Government, $16,115,084,
banks, $36,501,695. The aA^erage of dutj' on all inqumed commodities, subject to
duty, Avas 17.5 per ccnl, in 1883.
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241
GREAT BRITAIN. Silver. XIX.
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212
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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GREAT BRITAIN.
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•.'44
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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24.>
GREAT BRITAIN. Silver. Xix
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24G
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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lU.s
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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249
GREAT BRITAIN. Silver. xix.
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2")0
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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253
GKEAT BRITAIN. Silver. XIX. ,.
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254
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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25;i
GRSAT BRITAIN. Silvpr. XIX. ,.
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256
GREAT BRITAIN. Silver. XIX.,,
ROBTSRT. sTEPff^^* wrLLTJOC I. JIEITRY I.
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2o7
GREAT BRITAIN.^^;?J^^^f,I„}^ SHver. XTX.
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258
SUver Tokens. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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259
GKEAT BRITAIN. BANK TOKENS SUver. XIX.,,
Published bv A, M, Smith, Post Office Box. 7di. Phila Pa.
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itO
Gk>ld. GREAT BRITAIN. SCOTLAND.
No.
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2G1
GREAT BRITAIN. SCOTLAND. Gold. XIX.
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263
GREAT BRITAIN, scotla SUver. XIX.
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•H'A
GREAT BRITAIN.
Sierra LiCone comprises Ihe peninsula of that name, Sherboio Island, with
some contiguous tracts and territorj' on the sea coast extending to, and including
Mannah, which adjoins the Republic of Liberia and the Isles dc Los, the whole sit-
uated between 7^ 20'—8^ 40' X. latitude, and l^o 20'—13° 20' W. longitude, embra-
cing an area of over COO square miles, with a population, in 1S81, of 60,546, of whom
only 103 were resident whites; tropical fruits and plants grow luxuriantly; coffee and
cocoa have been introduced by tlie British. Exports: bennie seed, cocoanuts, gin-
ger, groundnuts, india-rubber, gum copal, hides, palm oil, jkiIui kernels, and cola
nuts, amounting in 18S2, to 82,100,005. Capital, Freetown. Gambia, this settle-
ment consists of the Island of St. Mary, British Combo, Albreda, The Ceded Mill,
and ISIcCarthy's Island. Area 21 square miles; population (1881), 14,150, ofwhom
only 105 were whites; rice, cotton, maize, and a kind of millet, called Kous, are
produced in the country along the Gambia River, but not sufficient for export. The
principal exports are wax, hides and groundnuts.
Gold Coast Colony comprises the coast of the Gulf of Guinea from 2^ 40' "W.
to 1° 10' E. of Greenwich, extending inland to an average distance of 50 miles, in-
cluding an area of about 1G,G20 square miles and a population of over 520,0 30. The
oil-palm grows on this coast in great profusion. Exports: gold, ivory, gum copal,
monkey skins, palm kernels and oil; these are sent principally to England. The
chief forts and settlements are Cape Coast, Castle, Elmina, Axim, Dixcove and
Accra, the capital. Value of exports in 1882, $1,700,095. Lagos is an island and
port on the Slave Coast, embracing also tlie north coast of tlie Gulf of Guinea, be-
tween 20 50' and 4^ 30' E. longitude. It was permanently occupied to efieet the
complete suppression of the slave trade in the Bight of Benin, and to develop its im-
portant trade in palm kernels and oil, lead ore, indigo and canewood. Lagos is the
I)rincii)al town; iM)pulation in 1881 was 75,370, of whom onh* 94 were whites. Ex-
ports (1881), $2,300,035.
liLN'G-MOXEY.
Tliat personal oniametits, made of the i)recious metals, were of a certain standai d
weight and passed currentas riKniey is
certainly proved by Holy Writ. In the 24tUchapter and 'iiJd verse of Genesis, Abraham's servant, meeting Rebecca at the Avell,
"took a golden ear-ring of half a shekel weight, and two-bracelets for her hands of
ten shekels weight of gold"' and gave them to the damsel who ''was very fair to
look ujion.'" Hieroglyphic sculptures of ancient Egyi>t alsc) sliow the weighing and
recording of rings, evidently passing as payment, and pictured records of past ages,
relating to otiier nations fuily sustain the opinions of nmnismatists, in contradiction
to tlie dissent of certain savants, that rings ot dilferent size and metals were current
money.
From the far East, to the "West and Xorth, the ring-money found its way at
an early age, and Caisar in his Commentaries, speaking of the money of Britain,
says •"they use, instead of money, rings adjusted to a certain weight.'' though they
then had money both of bronze and gold in circulation ;this related to the century
preceding the (jhristian Era.
In Ireland the ring-money was current for years later tiian the iieriod men-
tioned, and in Sweden and Norway it still existed in the eleventh and twelflii
centuries. As most of the specimens now in collections Avere found in Ireland, it is
probable that the use of ring-money was much more common in that country than
in Britain, and its similarity to actual coinage is rendered more striking from its
careful adjustment to special weight. There are small rings of exactly one-half
l)eimyweight and so on through almost every intermediate grade up to thirteen
ounces, seven jjennyweight, some even containing fractional thirds, small change,
as it were ; a perfect money system.
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265
GREAT BRITAIN. i^iNGM'M^y
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;^ 266
GREAT BRITAIN.
The second plate illustrates different varieties of the ring;-money. gold, of Ire-
land. The earliest were little more than i)ieces of wire bent ronnd, and plain at
tirst, the ends were later flattened or shaped into varions forms, with rude attempts
at ornamentation, the i)rogress of which can ea.sily be traced by the specimens [ire-
sented. Xo. 10 is of cast bi-ass, as is Xo. 9 also, with the rings treble joined ; in
Xo. 8 the brass rings are looped one within the other for con^enience in carrying
tliese baser metal rings have been foimd ni vast quantities. Xo. T), which A\as found
in a bog in County (Talway, Ireland, is of gold weighing fifteen ounces, and is worth
$300. Xo. 7 is also of Irish production, uud contains To dollars worth of gold.
From the small circle of l;tent wire the fashion and weight of the ring-money
increased, and people, especially the Gallic warriors carried tiieir fortunes iii)on their
IJersons in the shape of ornaments, but always having a fixed and standard weight
rendering it transferable as actual money. The torcpie, worn aroiuid the neck, wasgenerally of pure gold and sometimes weighed as much as five pounds. In 17U0 a
specimen was imearthed at Pattingham, in St affords! i ire, England, which contained
tlu'ee pounds two ounces of fine gold, was four IVet long, very bright, and so flexible
that it could be wrapped round the arm like a roi)e, and be easily extended to its
original form; the bend which formed a hook at each end, as shown in Xo. 2 of
Plate, served to fasten it. The other s])ecimens are also of pure gold and probably
aieeded no fastening, tlieir extreme ductility causing them to retain the shape when
placed on a limb, as is still tlie case Avitli the bracelets and anklets worn in some
parts of British India. The illustration Xo. 1 is of a bronze torque, found in Som-
ersetshire, England ; it weighs two poimds, and is an exact reproduction of the
gold ones mentioned. Xos. 1,3.
4, 5 are copies of otherrelics,
discovered in18;'-2,
and though they were soon melted and recoined into modern English money yet
drawings were made from them and are here given on a reduced scale. Xo. 4
weighed 41bs. 1 oz. 16 dwts. 11.06 grains; Xo. 3, lib. 4 oz. 1.") dwts. 13.47 grains.
andXo. 5, lib. 4 oz. 13 dwts. 10.47 grains.
The use of I'ing-money is still prevalent in Africa, the Eonlah-jolaf and other
African tribes still bringing gold-ring money to Sierra Leone, and .is a proof that
the precious metal is only thus shaped to give to it a monetary character, it is a fact
that these people never use rings for ornament. Eing-money has also, within the
hist few years V)een dug up in Ceylon; it is formed of a flat wire, doubled into a
loop, and stamped with inscrijtt ions such as ''•Sultan Ali Aadil Shah, struck at Lari.
a stamped Daugh. " This prince reigned A. D. 1()-V.), and "daugh'' is the denomi-
nation t)f a coin of his country.
In Ireland silver as well as gold ring-money has l)een found, some being marked
for division in halves. It is probable tiiat the far greater extent of the use of this
form of coinage in Ireland, over Britain, arose from the fact that tlie former country
maintained its indejiendence k)ng after the Romans had subjugated Britain and re-
coined every form of metallic currency into the money of Rome.
British Possessions in the South Atlantic. Ascension is an isolated
island, of volcanic origin, situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, 7^55' S. latitude,
and 140 25' 5" W. longitude. Area, 35 square miles. The English took possession
of it in 1815. It now has a steam factory, naval and victualling yards, coaling depot
and hospitals; game aboiuids and where the soil is cultivated, the yield is plentiful.
In October, 1883, the population consisted of 89 officers, seaman and Kroomau.
Exports: turtles and birds' eggs. Fulklarul Islands. These, the only considerable
cluster in the SoiUh Atlantic, lie about 300 miles east of the Straits of ^Magellan,
and consist of East Falkland (area 2,700 square miles); West Falkland (2,000 square
miles), and about 100 small islets, rocks and sandbanks, comprising in the aggre-
gate 4,740 square miles, and a population in 1881, of 1,543. Exports: oil, hides,
tallow, seal skins and wool. South Georgia, an island 800 miles E. S. E. of tlie
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GREAT BRITAIN, king money
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268
Gold. GREAT BRITAIN. EAST INDIA.
No.
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209
GREAT BRITAIN, fast inpia Gold. XTX..,
l1>
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270
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN. EAST INDIES,
No.
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271
GREAT BRITAIN. EAST IXniA. SUver. XTX.
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272
Silver. GREAT BRITAIN, eastindia
No.PERIOD
f)RSECTION.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
1.
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27;5
GREAT BRITAIN, kast im ia Silver. XIX.
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274
GREAT BRITAIN, n a colonies Silver. XIX
nt this time. tliH soverei'^u for 20 shillings, or one ] omid sterling; the dotibia
sovereign for 4 ) s. ; tlie angel, 6s. 8d. , as before.
He.vry yill:
no "nobles," or"
vyals"
wereissued
bythis
King; h«coineLl the doul)le ryal, or sovereign, and introduced the crovfi into the English
series. The sovereign was ciu-rent for 20 s., or 1 £ sterling, the quarter, or
crown, for 5 s., and the half-crown to 2 s. <> d. Gold was raised only about^V,.
while the silver was inflated f ; a protit of nearly (10 per cent. b(^ing made by
exchanging silver for gold.
Edward VI (1547) coined the same pieces as his father, Henry YIII.
Gold was raised -^j^, bringing the proportions of fine silver and fine gold to 1 as
to 5jV- During this reign the date was first placed on coins of the English
series.
Mary, 1553 : No change in general design of sovereign or double ryal.
Silver raised in proportion to gold to 1 to HtVt-Elizabeth (1558) made many unimportant changes in her coins ; issued
the pound sovereign, and made the proportion of fine silver to fine gold, in th«
43d year of her reign to be as 1 to lOff^f ;previous to which time it had been jw
1 to 11^.
Great Britain's American Colonies.—All silver coins, 925 fine. No.
1 ; 50 cents of Canada, 179 grains weight, 105 pure grs.—34 cents. No. 2 ; 50
cents of Newfoundland, 181 grs. weight, 1G8 pure—?5 cents. No. 3 ; 2 dollars
of Newfomidland (Gold) 910 fine, 51 grs. weight, 37 grs. pure—11.59. No. 4
20 cents of Newfoundland, 72 grs. weight, GO grs. pure—13 cents. No. 5 ; 10
cents of Newfoundland, 30 grs. weight, 33 grs. pure—0^ cents. No. 6 ; 10 cents
of Canada, 35 grs. weight, 32 grs. pure—Oi cents. No. 7 ;25 cents of Canada,
89 grs. weight, 83 pure—17 cents.
James I (1G03) shows the bust of the King in armor, on sovereigns. Healso issued the unitit;, or unite, the half-unite, called a double crown
; the
(luarter, called the Britain crown, and the half-ciuarter, called the half-crown.
The sovereign here is for the first time called tlu^ rose ryal. The angel type is
the same as before. By jn-oclamation of Nov. Kill, he raised the nominal andtrue value of gold to 10 per cent.
Charles I coined but little gold m his reign ; the proportion of fine gold
to fine silver was 1 to 13|S|'^.
The Commonwealth gold coin are in weight, fineness and value, exactly
similar to those of Charles I.
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GREAT BRITAIN. SHver. XIX.
SHver Tokens. GREAT BRITAIN.
No.
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Silver. Great Britain. PKMF.RARA AX ^oSF.QUEB^ Ol'.AI-A.
No.
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GREAT BRITAIN.E^sfJS.«Dr.l^.v.Silver. XIX.3.
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278
Gold. Grand Masters. KNIGHTS OF MALTA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OF I PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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GREAT BRITAIN, afric. Silver, XIX.
1.
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-284
GREAT BRITAIN.
St. Peter, all of silver, size and form of pennies ; struck at York.
St. Martin, only two specimens extnnt ; pennies, struck at the city of
Lincoln.
St Echmmd, \)e\my and half-penny, struck at St Edmundsbury about 950.
Archrisiiops.—Bisliops, abbots, and archbishops were, in early times,
.yiven permission to stril'ie money, but the latter alone were allowed to stamptheir own portraits on the coin. The ri^ht was withdrawn in 924, by ^tliel-
stan, who ordered that all the money in tlie kingdom should be uniform ; after
tliat tlie ecclesiastical mintages were distinguished from tlie royal only by someIK'culiar marks, and even these were banished in tlie reign of Henry VIII. Men-11(111 is here confined to pieces struck by the Sees of Canterbury and York, prior
to the restrictions imposed by ^thelstan. The earliest autlientic coin originating
at the mint of the Archbishop of Canterbury is a very rare penny of Jaenbrhi,
who held that See from 7(33 to 790, and on tliis he is united witli the King of
jSIercia.
u:^hilheard Abp, 790 to 803, contemporary with Offa and Coenwlf, kings of
IMercia, and both tlieir names occur on his coins, which are very rare.
Vulfrcd, 803 to 830, on his pennies dropped the king's name, placing liis ownand his portrait on the Obverse.
Theogild succeeded Yulfred, but held the See only three months and left no
coins.
Ceolnoth, Ahp, 830 to 870, put his name, bust and titles on pennies, of which
several exist.
Ethered, Abp, 871 to 890;only one coin known, devices as preceding.
Plegmund, 891 to 9-23, left a few of liis i:)ennies with name and title, ])ut noportrait.
Tlie coins of the arclibishoi»s of York were stycas. mitil tliev were patterned
after the regal coins, and tlicii sonic symbol or miiit-niark was the distinguishing
feature.
Enbald, 796, is the first of this See whose stycas are known, but he is prob-
ablv the second of that name ; tlievc are many varieties.
Yiqmund, 851, succeeded Widsius, the immediate successor of Embald,
who left no coins. Vigmund left several types.
Ulfhere, 854 to 892, the last Archbishop, whose name occurs on I'ork
mintage ; his stycas, very rare, resemble the former ones.
MOXARCHS OF KXGLAND.
Ecgbeorht, 800 to 837, became King of the West Saxons, called his terri-
tories England, and concpiered nearly all of South Britain. His pennies are
very rare.
Ethelwlf, 837 to 856, son of the above, succeeding only to the West Saxon
dominions : Kent, Essex, Sussex and Surry, going to ^thelstan, on whose
death, 852, they reverted to Ethelwlf. Fifty varieties of his pennies are known.
.Etkelbald, 855 to 860, son of Ethelwlf, seized on West Saxony in 855 and
held it until his death. Only one coin of his ever known.
yEtlielbearht, 856 to 8(56, second son of Ethelwlf, succeeded to Kent, etc.,
on his father's death, and to West Saxony after his bnHher. Sixty varieties of
his coin known.
^Ethdred, 806 to S71, brother of the above. Coins not numerous, very
light aiul of debased silver.
^Elfred, 872 to 901, brother of the above. Coins very rare, mostly pen-
nies ; hilt some pieces are in existence that are not of that class.
Eadweard, 901 to 925, son of vElficd. Coins : pennies, half-pence or thirds
of pennies; about eighty varieties known.
^Ethelstan, 925 to 941, succeeded his father, and regulated the mints in
A'arious towns ; conferred upon some ecclesiasticals the privilege of striking
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285
GREAT BRITAIN.
money, but ordered it all to be of one (tlie regal) type. About sixty variations
of mints and 110 of moneys occur upon liis coins : all i)ennies, of good sih-er.
Eadmund, 941 to 94G, brother of foregoing ; and his coins all of like char-
acter. Over 100 types known.
Eadred, QK) to 1)55 ; types of coins (120 known j similar to those of his
predecessors.
Eadwig, 95.') to 959, son of Eadmund : 30 varieties. Types like the aboA'e.
Erdqar, 95S to 975, brother of Kadwig. during whose life he had beeii
elected King of all the country between the Tlianies and the Firth of Forth;
after his brother's death, 958, he became King of all Britain, being the first
monarch to rule over all the really and permanently united Kingdom of the
Heptarchy. Coins sinnlar to the otliers, though generally lighter; 170
moneyer'sl names and over 70 mints mentioned on hisvarieties.
Eadweard II, '• The .Martyr,"' 975 to 978, eldest son of above, succeeding at
the age of b! ; nuu-dered l\v conuuand of his step-mother, Elfrida. Coins like
his father's, with one exception, and numerous.
^Ethelrad 11, 978 to 1010, succeeded his murdered half-brother : passed
laws for regulation of coinage. His money presents some lunelties of type and
appearance, and is quite numerous, over 250 varieties being known.
Cnut, lOK), to 1035. Sweyne. King of Denmark, had in 101.3, gained
possession of part of Britain, and ^Ethelrsed took refuge in Xorniandy. Cnut
claimed the dominion of his fatlier, Sweyne, and fought hard against ^Etiielra'd
and liis son, Edmond Ironsides (who left no coins), and finally obtained rule
over the whole kingdom. Ot Sweyne, no English coins are known ; Init the
money of Cnut is very plentiful, 310 moneyers being mentioned and more places
of mintage than any other king.
Harold I, 1035 to 1010, son of Cnut. His pennies are veiy light ; 50
varieties known.
Ilarthacnut, 1040 to 1042, elected to succeed his brother. English and
Danish coins apjwar in this reign;
all very rare.
Edward '• The Confessor,''^ 1042 to 106G. Coins various in type, size and
weight ; half-pence and fartliings were formed by cutting the penuy into two or
four parts. About 400 varieties.
Harold II, 1006, succeeded Edward and reigned only nine months ;killed
at the Ijattle of Hastings. Coins numerous.
Willinm the Conqueror, 10(3G to 1087, and William Rufus, 1087 to 1100.
The money of l)oth tliese kings imitates that of their Saxon predecessors so
closely that it is hard to distinguisli to which one of them the pieces belong.
Pennies alone were coined, and must have been struck in a collar, for they are
uniformly round. Pieces plentiful.
Henry I, 1100 to 1135, regulated coinage and passed severe laws against
counterfeiters and debasers. Pennies only known of types and forms very
various.
Stephen, 1135 to 1154, usurped the throne after Henry's death, dissipated
the treasury and debased the coin. Very few of his pieces are extant ; all that
are known are of good silver.
Henry, Bishop of Winchester, the legitimate brother of Stephen. One coinis known as struck by his authority.
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Henry. One type of coin
known.
Stephen and Matilda : One type supposed to have been sti-uck whenMatilda,wife of Stei)hen, took conmiand of the army and liberated her husbandwhen he was a prisoner.
Eustace, elder son of Stephen and Governor of York. Two Aarieties very
rare and very imperfect.
Wilham, son of Stephen, has two coins ascribed to him, but it is doubtful
if they are rightly assigned.
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GREAT BRITAIN.
Henry II, 1154 to IISO, adopted a new money which was very poorly
minted, irregiilai- m size and shape and in i)arts illegible. In 1180 he sent for a
loreign artist, Philip Ayniary ot Tows, to imi)rove his coinage, and it became
round and legible, but otherwise not nuieii benefited. Cohis numerous.
Richard J and John : No Englisli money known.
Henry III, 1216 to 1272 : Pennies only known.
Edward /, 1272 to 1307, coined pennies, half-i)ence and farthings ; and the
original groat is by some assigned to this reign, and it is generally believed that
he lirst cause^l that coin to be struck. ^Many varieties.
Edward II, 1307 to 1327 : Coinage of same weight, standard and type as
that of his father, but some distinguisliing mint marks; not very rare.
Edward III, 1327 to 1377, struck groats, half-groats, pennies, half-pence
and tartiiings, very many varieties.
Itichard II, 1377 to 1399 : same coins, types, etc., as his predecessor.
ifenryiF, 1399 to 1413.
Henry V, 1413 to 1422.
Henry VI, 1422 to 14(31. There is no certainty of the coins of any of these
Henrys, so far as tlie date is concerned ; the types are similar and Ihe coinage
almost identical.
Edward IV, 14G1 to 1483 : Same as the Henrys.
Edicard V, 1483, is said to have had coins struck, but none have been
disco^•ered.
Richard III, lJf83 to lJf85 : Similar to the Henrys and Edwards ; but no
farthings known.
Henry VII, 1435 to 15C9:
Same as above; some variation in device, andmany varieties.
Henry VIII, 1509 to 1547 : Five different classes of coinage, all varying in
type, weight and fineness of metal. Plenty.
Edward VI, 1547 to 1553, tried to better the disgracefully debased moneyof his father without great success. He ordered festoons, or shillings, to be struck
with eciual i)arts of silver and alloy, and of the weight of eighty grains, and in
1551 commenced tlie circulation of crowns, half-crowns, shillings, six-pences
and three-pences, and pennies. There are many varieties, with many variations
of fineness.
Mary, 1553 to 1558, announced her intention of restoring the coinage of it«
original highest standard, but she made it lower than ever.
Elizabeth, 1558 to 1002, set seriously to work to restore the standard. In
the second year of her reign she had struck pieces of three-half-pence and three-
farthmgs, never coined before or since. In 1501 the mill and screw process was
introduced by a Frenchman ; and the pieces thus coined are known as milled
money. Many varieties in this reign.
James J, 1603 to 1025 : On his accession the two Kingdoms of England and
Scotland were united and a new coinage was ordered, of standard fineness,
11 oz., 2dwt, of silver with 18 dwts. of alloy; weight, 7|f gr. to the penny.
Many varieties and types.
Charles /, 1625 to 1049, improved the appearance of his coins and kept np
the standard. Very many varieties.
Commonwealth : Parliament seized the tower and mint in 1642, and struck
money from the King's dies, coining none in their own name, until after the
execution of Charles, their first pieces bearing date 1049. The standard was
that of Elizabeth.
Charles II, upon his restoration, 1000, coined money like his father's,
refusing to u.se the mill and screw and striking his pieces by the hammer, which
was last emjjloyed for this purpose in his reign.
James II, 1<)S5 to 1(588, conducted his coinage upon the same principles as
that of his brother, in denomination, size, weight and fineness.
William and Mary, 1(J8S to 1095, issued coinage identical with that of
James II.
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287
GREAT BRITAIN,
WiUimn III, 1(195 to 1702, made no change in weitrht or fineness, butaltered the type of liis money.
-4))?)^, 17(1-2 to 1714, continued the standard of lier })redecessors.
George J, 1714 to 1727, made no change in denonuiiation, «ize. weight or
fineness.
George TT, 1727 to 1700. same as i>receding.
George III, 17(10 to 1S20. no cliange.
George I]\ lf^20 to 183U : A. new coinage on the same principles.
Victoria, 1830 to , a new coinage on the higii standard, as before,
and varied according to necessity of providing special pieces for colonial
possesions.
^^i^jii^j J**-. • ^t^-inx^iO'
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288
SERVIA, SHver. XIXL
Servia, Silver Coixs, all 900 fine. Ko. 1. 2 Dinar, worth about 39cents
;No. 2. 1 Dinar
; and Xo. 3 is a piece of 50 Paras, equal to about 10 centsor a ^ Dinar.
Servia is a kingdom of Eastern Europe, borderiiig on Slavonia, AN'alla-
chia, : Bulgaria, Bosinia and Hungary, from wbieli last named comitry it is
separated by the Danube. By the Berlin Treaty of 1878, its area was increasedto 18,787 square miles ; population (in 1883), 1,820,000. The country is moun-tainous, its valleys fertile, ])roducing, when cultivated, good crops of corn andother cereals ; said to be ricli in minerals. The chief trade is with Austria andTurkey; prmcipal exports; swine, cattle, i)runes, grain, wine and timber, amount-
ing (in 1882) to $8,819,315. Revenue 87,473.000. Pu])lic debt, November, 1884,about $35,000,000, one-half of which was contracted for railroad. No official
financial reports ])ublished. Capital, Belgrade.
GREECE, Gold. XlXf.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
weight grains
fine. ofi
pure
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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289
GREECE,
1
Silver. XIXI
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION,COIN.
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290
Silver.
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HAYTI.291
Silver. XX T.
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'^'^^, c^"^ f%r*^'
Gold. HOLLAND.
No.
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293
HOLLAND. Gold XXII.
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294
Silver.
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29i
HOLLAND.1 /-^:;x|ir
Silver, xxn.
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296
Silver. HOLLAND.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE VALUE.Coin. Silv-r
1.
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297
HOLLAND. Silver. XXII.
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298
Silver. HOLLAND. COLONIES.
PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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2t0
HOLLAND EAST INPIES. Silver. XXTT.
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300
.iiiiiiiiiiljiiiiiiiilililiniililil!
Silver. HOLLAND. COLONIES.
No.
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301
HOLLAND. EAST INDIES Silver. XXII.
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302
Silver. HOLLAND. COLONIES.
No.
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HOLLAND. I'-^'^T i^'piE^. JAVA.
303
Silver. XXIT.,
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304
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ITALY,
305
SHver. XXIIl
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o06
Silver.
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307
ITALY. Silver. XXIII.
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308
Silver. ITALY.
No.
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309
ITALY. Silver. XXIIT.
''« III H l>*
' iii«'
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310
Gold.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
Tius VI.
do
Benoist XIV.
Gregcry.
ITALY.
COIN.
BOI.OGXE.
iweight grains
fine. of i pure
Coin. Goi.p.
VALUE.
4 Pistoles.
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ITALY. BOLOGNE
ITALY. BOLOGNE Silver. XXIIL
>1P # , ^'
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312
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313
ITALY. II UR Silver. XXIII.
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314
Silver.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
ITALY. LUCCA.
COIN. FINE.WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
8.
i).
10.
11.
Felix an
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315
Silver. XXKI ,,,,
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XXIII.
Gold. ITALY. PARMA.
No.
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S17
ITALY, P^RMA. Silver. XXllI.
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318
J
Gold. ITALY, ROMENo.
PERIODOR SECTION.
COIN.
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319
ITALY. Ro IE Gold. XXIII.
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320
Silver. ITALY. ROME.
No.
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321
ITALY. Ro :f•
Silver. XXlir.
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322
Silver ITALY. ROME.
No.
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523
ITALY. ROME. Silver. XXIII.
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Silver. ITALY. ROME.
x.>.
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32<
ITALY. I OME Silver. XXIII.,,
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.328
Gold. ITALY. SARDINIA.
No.
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.•}29
ITALY. SARDINIA. Gold. XXIII.,,
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^82
Silver.
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383
ITALY. SARDISn, SUver. XX in. ..
177^
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3d4
Silver.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
1. Victor Emanuel II.
2. Charles-Felix.
3. Victor Emanuel I.
4. Victor Amedee III.
5. Charles Felix.
6. Victor Amedee III.
7. Charles Albert.
8. Charles Felix.
SARDINIA.
COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRA1.N.S
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
.Scudo, 5 Lire.
Scudo, Piemont.
do do
New Scudo.
2 Lire.
i Scudo, Piemont.
i Lire.
Lire.
900
900
906
900
903
901)
9U0
385
385
385
540
154
270
38
^16
346
346
489
138
243
34
69
.72
1.02
.28
.50
.07
.14
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ITALY. SARDINIA.
335
SUver. XXIII. .,
^<,0""""T'ffl,,,
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336
Gold. ITALY. SICILY.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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337
ITALY. SICILYGold. XXIIT.
,,
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338
ITALY, SICILY Gold. XXTTT.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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339
ITALY. SICILY.Silver. XXIII.
1.
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:M0
Silver. ITALY. SICILY.
No.
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841
ITALY. SICILY Silver. XXIII.,,
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342
Silver.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Ferdinand lY.
do
Don Carlos.
Ferdinand IV.
Ferdinand II.
Charles III.
Ferdinand IV.
Charles II.
Ferdinand II.
Cliarles III.
ITALY. SICILY
No.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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343
ITALY. SICILY Silver, xxiii.
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;]4l
Silver.
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345
ITALY. SICILY Silver, xxill.
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346
Silver.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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347
ITALY. SICILY Silver. XXlll.
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us
Silver. ITALY. TUSCANY
No.I'LRIUD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE,
WEIGHT
OF
Cjin.
GRAINS
PURE
Silver
VALUE.
1.
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349
ITALY TUSCANY. Silver. XXIII ,.^,
1.
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350
.'9^
V/:.
Silver. ITALY. TUSCANY.
No.
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351
ITALY. TUSCANY Silver, xxiil.
'\
^"^
c/^
M'
4^
"••^m.^iui-"^'-*'
^^'^^ Published by A. M.Smith, post Office Box 754< Fkil'^ 'a.
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352
J^U£tu^j,iM •'*-^C«ft^i>d^
Silver. ITALY, TUSCANY
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353
ITALY. TUSCANY Silver. XXIII.
1
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354
Silver.
1.
2. Ludovicus Manin,
3. (Thelastof the Doges.)
4.
6.
ITALY. LOMBARDY-VENICE.
No.
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3/.5
ITALY. vEMc] SHver. XXIII.
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356
Silver. ITALY. VENICE.
No.
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357
ITALY, VENICE. SUver. XXIII.
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o58
JAPAN. Gold. XXIV.
Gold. JAPAN.
No.
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359
JAPAN. Gold. XXIV.
7/28/2019 Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Gold and Silver Coins From Around the World
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360
Silver
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JAPAN
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362
JAPAN. Gold. XXIV.
weight grains
fine.] ofi
pure' Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1. These pieces are large, of very ^ew Cobailg.
o thin oval-shaped gold' the .'urface Old dohaving on it waived line?. The
3. value is written on each in Ind. ink. Ncw Cobang.
4. Nos. 4 and 5 are stamped, II If do
5. and No. 5 is part Silver. Xi-Shoo.
900 559 503 21.65
900 854 768 33.06
900 557 501 21.57
900 486 437 18.80
Value about 18 ceuts.
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363
CHINA. Silver. XA
Silver. COCHIN-CHINA.
No.
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364
CHINA. Gold. XV.
Gold.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
CHINA.
COIN. FINE,
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
Ingot Money.
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365
CHINA. Gold. XV
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366
Silver. COCHIN-CHINA.
No.
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367
CHINA. Silver. XV.3
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368
Silver. EMPIRE OF CHINA.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
Fineness varies in all
Ingot Money. Impossible
to give purity and value.
Ingot Money,
do
do
do
do
do
Native Dollar.
Native Dollar, (Private coinage.
Tael.
956
980
990
179
4078
571
509
60
115
345
414
565
329
404
560
.68
.84
1.16
/C'
^.-..,
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:i7i)
Silver.
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372
Gold. PORTUGAL.
No.
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373
PORTUGAL. Gold. XXXVI..
^.,»»"""':"'""'".„„
^N**' S,/752,,..
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374
Silver. PORTUGAL.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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PORTUGAL. Silver. XXXYT.
i,„nniiminm/»^^_
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.•57G
Silver.
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PORTUGAL, SHver XXXVI.
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378
V.,.
Sil\
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PORTUGAL. AFKic SUver. XXXVI.
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::h I
RUSSIA. Gold. XXXVII.,
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382
Silver.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
Peter the Great.
(Several Types .
Nicholas 1.
do
do
do
RUSSIA.
COIN.
iweight grains
fine.i ofi
pure
Coin. Silver
Rouble.
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o8o
RUSSIA Silver, XXXVIT.
AV>""
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PERIODOR SECTION.
RUSSIA.
COIN. FINE,
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
Nicholas I.
Alexander I.
Nicholas I.
Ale.xander I.
Nicholas I.
Alexander I.
Nicholas I.
do
do
Kouble.
do
do
do
5 Kopeks.
Rouble
5 Kopeks.
10 do
10 do
868
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386
RUSSIA. Silver. XXXYIT.,
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387
RUSSIA, Silver. XXXViii.
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388
Gold. SPAIN.
No.
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389
SPAIN. Gold. XXXVIII.,
v^% /^ « '^ H ^-x- .^^ "^'^-
3 ='
""".i7.9>"
to
<) ."'.V.'Im".
> * '""
^2
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390
SPAIN, a kingdom, situate on the south-west of Europe, and occupying the
larger portion of the great Iberian Peninsula. It was formerly divided into 14
provinces (now subdivided into 49), called the Ancient Provinces, and these are still
best known and most refen-ed to, viz : New Castile, La Mancha, Old Castile, Leon,
Asturias, Galicia, Estremadura, Andalusia, Murcia, Valencia, Aragon, Catalonia,
Basque Provinces, with the Canary and Balearic Isles, comprising an area of 195,775
square miles, with a population of (in 188B), 10,902,021. To tliese must be added
Cuba and Porto Rico. Area, 70,400 square miles; 2,050,010 population; the Philip-
l)ine Islands in Asia and Oceanica, 53,299 square miles, G,19:j,2;]2 population; the
African jiossessions in the Gulf of Guinea, Fernando Po, etc., 1,435 scjuare miles,
with 30,000 inhabitants, making a total of 320,975 square miles, and 24,914,000
population. Spain is rich in minerals, especially iron, copper and lead. The coun-
try is fertile and tropical fruits flourish; also wheat, barley, oats, maize, rice, hemp
and flax of tlie best quality. The vine is cultivated in every province, and superior
wines are produced. Exports: silk, quicksilver, iron ore and other metals, wines,
olive oil, dry and green fruit, wool, grain, vegetables, cork, seeds and salt. Trade
was for many years confined to France and Great Britain, but the United States
and Germany are now competing for .a share. Home trade is rigidly protected by
high customs duties. The national debt has been consolidated, and is now $1,290,
000,000 at 4 per cent. There is no floating debt. The only paper currency is that
of the "Bank of Spain." Exports in 1883 amounted to $127,001,846. There are no
cold mines in Spain, and all the bullion of this metal is obtained from abroad, and
from the remelting of old Spanish money.
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391
SPAIN, Gold. XXXVITI.^y
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT
OFI
Coin.
GRAINS
PURE
GOI.D.
VALUE.
1.
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392
Gold. SPAIN.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WKIGHTOF
Coin.
GRAINS
I
PURE
Gold.
VALUE.
. For
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SPAIN
393
Silver. XXXVIII.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
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394
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395
SPAIN, Gold. XXXVIII.
ate I, "^^^Si^^ '\X.:>^
Published by A. M. Smith,
Post Office Box 754,
Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
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306
Silver.
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SPAIN.
397
Silver. XXXVIII.,
All correspondents requiring answers must '^ ©
enclose stamps. |'~
A. M. SMITH, Numismatist, \i
P. 0. Bos 754.Pbilaaelplua, Fenn
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398
Silver. SPAIN.
No.
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399
SPAIN. Silver. XXXVIIl.
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401
SUver. XXXVIII.^
Post Office Box 754,Philadelphij)l
25
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402
Silver.
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403
SPAIN. Silver. XXXViii.
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40i
Silver.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.
SPAIN.
COIN. PINE.WEIGHT GRAINS
OF I PURE
Coin. Silver
VALUE.
1.
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405
SPAIN. Silver. XXXVIII.
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401)
Silver.
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407
SPAIN. SUver. XXXVIII.,,
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408
Silver. SPAIN.
No.
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SPAIN.
409
Silver. XXXYIII. „
A./^-"
^^^A^ l^m--^.
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410
Silver. SPANISH AMERICA.
No.
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411
SPAIN. AMERICA, Silver. XXXYIIT.
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412
OEIEKTAL XUMEKALS AND CHARACTERS.
The opposite plate is given as a guide in distingnisliing coins marked with
Oriental Characters. These are generally in Arabic, with \ariations, l)eing very
rude in Java and Morocco, somewhat precise in Turkey, Egypt and Persia, inthe latter country they are in the flowing taleek which is to the strict Arabic,
what our Italics are to tlie Roman. Tlie dash resembling a 2 with elongated
base, found on nearly all these coins means in or ai, and the characters beneath
gives tlie name of the city whereat the coin was struck. On the plate tlie figures
i, G and 10 in the column, represent Constantinople and distinguish the coin
as of Turkey ; tigure 2, means Cairo, and is on the pieces of Egypt ; figure 3 is
Tunis ; ligures 4 and 5, Tripoli ; 7, 8 and 9, Algiers, and Xo. 11 is Morocco.
That there should be variations in the inscriptions is not strange as the coins are
all engraved and those who do this work use the freedom which would be taken
by penmen in WTiting the same name.
The numerals here shown were written according to European order (fi-om
left to right, but figures, letters ami words in Arabic run in the ojiposite direc-
tion. Most Ottoman coins bear two dates, that of the Hegira and of the Sultan's
reign. The year of the Hegira in which the ruler ascended the throne is on each
coin of Turkey and upon another portion the year of his reign will be found ; the
two added gives the date of the coin according to the ye<ir of the Hegira and this
be readily transformed to the Christian date.
The " Hegira " or flight of Mohammed from Mecca was on July 16th, A. D.
022. and from that date time is recorded by his followers
Mahmond I., A. H. 1143., A. D. 1730.
Othman III., A. H. IIC.B., A. D. 1754.
Mustapah III., A. H. 1171., A. D. 1757.
As the Mohammedan year is Inner, it is shorter than ours by about eleven
days, and they thus have thirty-four years in the time we have but thirty-three.;
Morocco dates its coins by the Oriental rule, but uses the European figures.
Ilindostan, Java and Persia use the Arabic or Persian characters, but they do
not bear the peculiar marks of the Turkish coins. The date is frequently omitted
in coins of Persia, and when engraved is in very minute figures. The money of
Hindostan, except in a few instances is issued by the British East India Com-pany from the mints at Madras, Calcutta and Bombay, the Madras coins are
stamped from Arcot, Calcutta's bear the name of Morshedabad, a neighboring
city and Surat is on those of Bombay ; some of these are with, some without
dates, the figures, even Avhen on, are not reliable ; Java's coins (Dutch East
India Co. ) prior to the restoration in 1816 were marked with Arabic characters,but had the Christian date in European figures.
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41S
Oriental Numerals and Characters. XXVII.
123 45678901. COXSTAXTIXorLE.
2. CAIEO, EGYPT.
3. TUXIS.
4. TRIPOLI.
5.'•'
6. COXSTAXTIXOPLE.
7. ALGIERS.
9."
10. COX^STANTIXOPLE.
11. MOROCCO.
\ajjE^c5
Ot^VJiO
c2 .
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414
Gold. AFGHANISTAN.1.
2.
3.
4.
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AFGHANISTAN.
415
Gold. XXVI..
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416
Silver. AFGHANISTAN.1. Buddhist, coin, Hindu.
2. Sassaxian "of about A. D. 300.
o. Indo-Sassanian."
"
5.
a. King Eukratides, Greek, B. C. 181. Didrachni, ^(luare.
7. Rajput coin, Hindu, about A. D. 1192.
8.
9. Sassanian,
10.
11. King Philoxenes, Greek, B. C. 130. Hemidrachni, Square.
12. ]ndo-Sassanian.
13. King Lysias, Greek, B. C. 147. Hemidrachra.
14." Antimacbus, GREEK, B. C. 140. Obeus.
15. Indo-Sassanian.
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417
AFGHANISTAN. Silver. XXvi.
2G
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418
Silver. AFGHANISTAN.1.
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420
Gold. ALGIERS, TRIPOLI, TUNIS.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Goi.-n.
VALUE.
1,
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ALGIERS, TRIPOLI, TUNIS.
421
Gold.
ALGIERS SUver. XXTX.
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422
Gold. TURKEY AND EGYPT.
No.
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423
TURKEY AND EGYPT, Gold. XXX.
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424
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EGYPT.
425
Silver. XXX.,
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426
Gold. HINDOSTAN.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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42;
HINDOSTAN. Gold. XXXI.,
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428
Silver. MOROCCO.
No.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN. FINE.
WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Com. Silver
VALUE.
Spanish
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430
Gold.
No.
PERSIA.
PERIOD
ORSECTION.
COIN. FINE.WEIGHT GRAINS
OFI
PURE
Coin. Gold.
VALUE.
1.
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431
Gold. XXXTII. .
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432
Si]
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i',3
Silver. XXXIII.
n,
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4.;4
Gold. TURKEY.
No.
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435
TURKEY.
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43G
Silver. TURKEY.
No.
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4;i7
TURKEY. Silver. XXXV.
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i38
Silver.
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4;'.)
TURKEY. Silver. XXXV.
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440
Silver. TURKEY.
No.
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441
TURKEY. SHver. XXXY.,
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4-12
i5?'i£>,
sr>
Gold.
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443.102. Vicio
NORWAY and SWEDEN. Gold. XXV.
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414
Norway, conjoint with Sweden since 1814, occupies the westL'iu and northern
part of tlie peninsuhi. It is divided into 20 provinces, or "auits," comprising an
area of 122,869 square miles; population 1,818,853; one-thirtieth of the countrj^ is
cultivated, forests cover one-fourth, the rest is naked, uninhabitable, mountain-
land. The cod and herring fisheries employ most of the inhabitants. Mineral pro-
ducts are similar to, but less than those of Sweden. Ship building and timber
dressing are the chief industrial arts. Exports: timber, cod fish and its oil, herrings,
salmon, lobsters, minerals, furs and ice, amounting in 1883 to $34,154,415; public
debt same j-ear, $28,791,240, incurred mostly in constructing railways. The admin-
istration ot" Xorway is entirely distinct from that of Sweden, and it retains its own
laws.
Silver. NORWAY.
No.
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445
NORWAY and SWEDEN. Silver. XXV
1^ ii^I .•?l"l t^^'p^^
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446
Silver. SWEDEN.
Xo.PERIOD
OR SECTION.COIN.
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447
NORWAY and SWEDEN. Silver. XX7.
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448
Gold. SWITZERLAND.
No.
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449
SV/ITZERLAND. Gold, XXXTX.
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4o0
^^.''^ ^,^t^ ^-^1 (^ ^'^•^_
>) -
Gol
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451
SWITZERLAND. Gold. XXXIX.
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452
Gold. SWITZERLAND.
No.
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453
SWITZERLAND. Gold. XXXIX.
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4^)4
"11
iP^B
Silver. SWITZERLAND.
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45.">
SWITZERLAND. SUver. XXXIX.
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456
Silver. SWITZERLAND.
No.
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4.J7
SWITZERLAND. Silver. XXXIX.
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458
15:4/51
w"'\c:j3^/
)^SK
--9?.;''*-"
Silver. SWITZERLAND.
No.
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SWITZERLAND.
45^
Silver. XXXIX. .
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460
Silver. SWITZERLAND.
No.
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461
SWITZERLAND. Silver. XXXix.
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462
CAMBODIA, Silver. XXVin.
Camhodia, Silver Coixs,—Xol; 3 Ticals, worth about ??1.B0. ]^o. 2;
Coin equal to 5 Francs, 900 fnie, 3-^5 grains weight—72 cents. ]S\). 3 ; Equal to
4 Francs, 900 fine, 154 grains weiglit— 28 cents.
Cambodia, or Camhoja, or Cambodge, is bounded IS", by Siani, E. by
Cochin Chia, S. by the Frencli Colony, and has a sea board ot 200 miles on tlie
Gulf of Siani. The French assumed a protectorate over it in 1804. It is the
remains of a once powerful and \\<'althy nation. Tiie Cai)ital is Penmipeuh,
and Kami)ot is its tlie oidy port. Chief products and exports;gamboge, carda-
mous, caoutchouc, spices and fish. Elephants and rhinoceroses abound, and the
magnificent remains of ancient glory are of greatest interest. IS'o financial
statistics are to be obtained.
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4G3
- ^
< )lil Tiiiif yields lip his iirt'cidus liciards
Caliu Sicieuces gives her just awards;
l!y tariiislicd cdiii, tir loiiK-liidden I'ast, restored,
I'roves History's trutli, —cuaipletes lier graud record.
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464
ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
The rather numerous plates devoted to Greek coins of past ages are by no
means tlie least valuable or iuterestnig in this work, comprising as they do,'
records and studies in mythology through the presentation ot the gods and heroesas imagined by their worshipers; in history presenting what nuist be accepted
as authentic portraits of sovereigns and princes from Alexander to Augustus,
covering a period of from B. C. TOO, to the Christian Era, and giving reliable
evidences of political changes and histories of the many autonononious cities jiiid
states of the then civilized world; the metrologist will hiid nuicii to command
attention in comparison of the various systems and standards; the paleographist
will have examples of the ancient alphabets, I.ycian and Cyprian, Pl.oeiiiciaii,
(freek, Latin, Iberian, &c., in dilTerent stages of development, and the artist or
medallist see before him models of perfection, that for elegance of design and
excellence of linish defy the genius and skill of the present day to equal or even
approach.The i)lates present specimen coins of Syria, Egy])t, Asia JSIinor, Phoenicia,
Northern and Central Greece, the Peloponnesus and islands of the ^Egean, Italy,
Sicily, AVestern Europe, the southern shores of the Mediterranean, &c., &c.,
exhibiting tlie Period of Archaic Art, ending with the Persian wars, B. C. 700-
480; Period of Transitional and Early Fine Art, to the end of the Atlienian
supremacy, B. C. 480-400; Period of Finest Art, Age of tlie Spartan and Theban
supremacies, B. C. 400-;33G; Period of Later Fine Art. Age of Alexander and
the Diadochi, B. C. 33(5-280; Period of the Decline of Art, Age ot the Epigoni,
c"^:c., B. C. 280-190; Period of continued Decline of Art, Age of the Attalids,
a. C. 100-100; and Period of the late Decline of Art, Age of Mithradates tlie
trreat and of Iloman dominion, B. C. 100-1.
The skill of the most eminent artists and engravers has been called into
re(piisition in the ]>reparation of these beantiful plates from authentic, original
coins, and the results of their efforts, superior though it is, hardly does justice to
the elegant models fi'om which they copied.
1. A Phocaic stater, electrum metal, of Leshos. Obverse, a lion's head;
Reverse, an ir.cnse square. Probably belonging to the period immediately pre-
ceding the reform of the courage by Croesus, B. C 500.
2. A "LAHiPSACEisrE stater," siich as is mentioned in Attic inscriptions,
together with the staters of Cyzicus. This is of electrum; about the end of the
lifTli century a gold coinage was introduced. The sea horse is a symbol of
Poseidon.About B. C. 478.
3. Early gold coin, an Euboic stater of Sardis, capital of Lydia. Obverse,
foreparts of lion and bull, face to face; Iteverse, incuse square. B. C. 508.
4. A double stater of Ci/zicus, Lion with fish below, on observe; Reverse,
punch-mark, about B. C. 470.
T). A gold Daric, or Persian stater, of Darius ITystaspes, who died B. C. 404.
Obverse, the King kneehng with bow and javelin; lieverse, the punch mark.
6. Colophon, a coin of a dog standing upon a fish. Pliny states that the
people of this city trained their dogs to assist in war, and to do duty as sentinels;
Date about B. C. 500.
7. DoTT.LE Stater of Phocea, an Ionian city in Asia INfinor. A seal on
the Obverse, and mark of punch on the lleverse. Date about B. C. 500.
8. DiniiACiiM of ^Egina, an island in the Saronic gulf. Obverse, a land
tortoise; lleverse, the punch-mark divided into compartments. Date B C. 750.
9. Teos, a gold coin of head of the fabulous griirin on Obverse, and punch-
mark of very early date on Reverse. Dat(; B. C. 520.
10. An incuse coin of tlie city of Sybaris, destroyed B. C. 510. A bull is
shown, looking backwards. The initial letters, read from right to left, the first
letter tiu-ned partly over, indicating great antiquity.
131
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
1 1. Of the Spartuu colony of Cyrene in Africa. Obverse, the sacred Silphiuni
plant ; lleverse, in punch mark, head of Jupiter Ammon. Dale B. C. 450-4;JU.
12. Of Athens, i)robably in the lime of Pericles. Obverse, head of Athena
(Minerva); Revei'se, punch mark with owl and the initials of the city.
13 Early coin of Syracuse in Sicily. Obverse, head of Jupiter, with thun-
derbolt behind the shoulder.
14. Yery early coin of Selinus. a town on the south coast of Sicily. Obverse,
leaf of wild parsley, the sacred symbol of the city.
15. Tetradraciim, of Panoruuis. Obverse, Head of Demeter, the products
of the tield in her hair; lleverse, ahorse s^iHoping pasta palm tree. Date,
B. C. 48U.
10. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, Head of Janus, laureated; Peverse;
Po, enclosed in a wreath of olive leaves. B. C. 480.
17. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a helmeted male head, laureated;
name of the city around it; Reverse, a laureated male head. B. C. 480.
IS. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a fine head of Pallas; Reverse, a
horse head and the trinacrin, typifying the three-cornered island of Sicily. B. C.
480.
19. Bronze coin of Mamertini. Obverse, Head of Hercules in a lion's skin;
Reverse, an eagle standing on a support and having a serpent trodden under his
left claw. Date, about B. C. 400.
20. TBTRADRAcnM, of Panomfins, a city in Sicily. Obverse, Head of Her-
cules with lion's skin; Reverse, a horse head between a head of wheat and apalm branch. Date, B. C. 480.
21. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a male head; Reverse, three spears
of wheat, indicating the fertility of the country. B. C. 480.
22. Tetradrachm, of Zancle, now Messina, of Sicily. Obverse, a dolphin
curved; Reverse, fancifully subdivided by two series of parallel lines, at right
angles to each other. In the central space is a shell. Date, about B. C. 400.
23. Tetradrachm, of Messana. Obverse, a hare, courant; R-^verse; a car
drawn by mules, with victory, holding crown, flying above. These peculiar
types were first adopted on coins by Anaxilaus, who Avon a victory at Olympia
with the mule car, aud who introduced hares into Sicily. About B. C. 400.
24. A bronze coin of Mamertini. Obverse, a male head, laureated; Reverse,
a bid), with lowered head, advauci.ig towards the observer's left. Date, about
B. C. 400.
25. Tetradrachm, of Messenia, a south-westerly district of Peloponnesus.
Obverse, a lion's scalp; Reverse, head of a calf, looking toward tlie observer's
left. B. C. 450.
26. Tetradrachm, of Catana, a city of Sicily. Obverse, a male head,
laureated, full-lace fronting; Reverse, a quadriga i)assing a cohnnn, a victory
Hying above, a serpent beneath. B. C. 400.
27. Tetradrachm, of Catana. Obverse, fine head of Apollo, laureated,
etc. ; Reverse, a quadriga, with a victory above and a crab beneath. B. C.400.
28. An electmm coin of the city of Syracuse, the most important in Sicily.
Obverse, an elegant licad of Artemis; Reverse, a line head of Ai)ollo. li. C.
oOC.
29. Tetradrachm, of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Arethusfe, surronnded
by dolphins; R(!Verse, a (juadriga, with victory above, holding a legend; below
are two dolphins. B. C. 500.
30. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, a fine head of Apollo; Reverse, abiga
driven towards the observer's right; the Greek letter Psi in the exergue. B. C.
500.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
ol. Tetradrachm, of Syi'acuse. Obverse, head of Pallas, lielmeted, and
behind a bunch or .urapes over a Avine cup; Eeverse, a pe^rasus yallnninir.
32. Tetradkachm, of Syracuse. Obver.se, head of Pallas, lielmeted, bull's
head between the head and border; Eeverse, a pegasus in motion. i3. C. 500.
33. Tetradrachm, of Syracuse. Obverse, a fine male head; Reverse, the
fore-part of a pegasus galloping towards the observer's lefi. B. C. 500.
34. Tetradrachm, of Syracuse. Obverse, a helmeted head; Reverse, a
winged female standing, the right hand elevated, tlie left holding an animal by
the head. B. C. 500.
35. Tetradraciim, of Agrigentnm, one of the most powerful and celebra-
ted of the Greek cities in Sicily. Obverse, an eagle; Reverse, a crab, anil hel-
meted head beneath it. B. C. 500.
3(3. Bronze coin of Agrigentnm. Obverse, an eagle devouring a hare; Re-verse, a crab with animalcule above and sea-plant beneath. Three glolndes
aroimd the border and one on the crab. B. C. 500.
37. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, a laureated and bearded head of Zeus;
Reverse, Iliero I, driving a quadriga, and holdhig a branch in his left hand.
B. C. 470.
3S. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, Ilead of Gelon, the hair confined with
a fillet; Reverse, a lion walking towards the observer's right; club of Hercules;
lamp beneath. B. C. 480.
39. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, a bearded and laureated heail;
Reverse, an eagle standing with extentled wrings, a cornucopia in front and star
over the left wing. B. C. 500.
40. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, a bearded head; Reverse, a ser-
lient coiled romid a staff, dividuig the legend. B. 0. 500.
41. DiDP.ACHM, of Cephalcedium, a town in Sicily, Obverse, Head of Ceres;
Reverse, a shepherd with thyr.-^ns in his left hand, standing with left foot resting
on a hound and his riglit leg touching a second dog. About, B. C. 400.
42. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, bearded and laureated head of Posi-
don; Reverse, an ornamented trident, with dolphin on either side. B. C. 480.
43. Bronze coin of Emporise. a city of Plispania. Obverse, a head with
D. V>. stamiied on the helmet; Reverse, a pegasus, stamped D. D., running.
About B. C. 400.
44. Bronze coin of Ilimera, a city of Sicily. Obverse, Head of Pallas;
Reverse, female standing with Ivre in left hand and wreath in right. About
B. C. 400.
45. A silver coin of Leontini, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of a lion, with
open mouth, surrounded by four grains of wheat; Reverse, a biga, witli ^ice
crowning the horses.
46. Bronze coin of Leontini. Obverse, a female head, elegantly ornamented
with a head dress; Reverse, a lion walking past a palm lice. About B. C.
450.
47. Bronze coin of Enna, a city in the centre of Sicily. Obverse, a pair ofserpents harnessed to a, plow; Reverse, a man standing and holding a long slalf
in his left hand. B. C. 450.
48. Bronze coin of Tauromenium. Obverse, a young head of Apollo; Re-
verse, a bull butting. Tauromenium was a city on tlie east coast of Sicily.
About 300 B. C.
49. Bronze coin of Mendenum. Obverse, a head of Apollo, laureated. Re-
verse, Aesculojiius standing upon a serpent and holdhig something in his right
hand. B. C. 300.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.f.O. Bronze coin of Gela, an important towni in Sicily. 01)verse, a female
crowning a minotaur; Reverse, Bi<>a and Nice with wreatli. About B C
500.51. Bronze coin of Ars-yrina. a city of Sicily. Obverse, an eagle standing by
a branch of frnit; Kevcrse. a cross patonce, having in cacii of tlie angles twoletters of the city. B. C. 300.
52. Bronze coin of Oenidae, a town in Acarnania. Obvei-se, head of Zeus;
Reverse, head of the minotour; this fabled monster typifying the river Achelousupon the bank of which the town was built. B. C. -ioO.
53. A silver coin of Segesta, a city of Sicily. Obverse, a female head, the
hair confined with a tillet or l)and; Reverse, a dog scenting the ground B C.450.
54. Bronze coin of Menaenum, an inland city of Sicily. Obverse, a laureated,
juvenile head; two fishes in front thereof; Reverse, Ares advancing, withspear hi right hand, shield and cloak in the left. B. C. 300.
55. Tetuadraciim, of Segesta. Obverse, a male head; Reverse, a do--
walking past three heads of wlieat which stand side by side. B. C. 450.
56. Bronze coin of Ilalaesae. Oljverse, a laureated head of Apollo; Reverse,
a man standing, in his right hand an ornament; belinid him is a lyre and in trout
a musical uistrument—all emblems of Apollo. B. C. 300.
57. Tetradraciim, of Xaxos, an ancient city of Sicily. Obverse, laureated,
juvenile head, laurel leaf behind it; Reverse, Silenns seated, with cup in his left
hand, a thyrsus in the right hand, behind, an ivy brancii, and in front a statue
of Priapus. B. C. 450.
58. Tetradrachm, of Xaxos. Obverse, bearded head of Dionysus, fillet
with ivy leaves; Reverse, Sileiuis seated, with wine cup, tlivrsus and ivy, similar
to Xo. 06. B. C. 450.
59. Bronze coin of Morgantia, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a tine head of Pal-
las, lielmeted and ornamented; Reverse, a lion standing, with a serpeut below.
B. C. 450.
60. Tetradrachm, of Xaxos. Obverse, bearded old head, suiTuounted by
two horns; Reverse, a bunch of grapes hanging between two leaves. B.C.
450.
61. Tetradrachm, of Selinus, an important Greece colony in Sicily. Ob-
verse, a parsley leaf in a sunken square, the letters S. E. L. I. ui the angles;
Reverse, a parsley leaf inverted. B. C. 550.
62. Bronze coin of Tyndaris, a city on the north coast of Sicily. Obverse,
Head of Demeter; Reverse, Castor and Pollux on horseback, galloping. B. C.
4J0.
03. Silver coin of Abacrenum, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a bearded head. Re-
verse, the Erymauthian boar, with erect bristles. B. C, 550.
64. Tetradrachm, of Selinus. Obverse, a nude male standing, holding an
offering in the right hand and a th.yrsus in the left, a parsley leaf bcliind, a cock
in a cage, and a bull liehind; Reverse, two i)crsons in a biga, one with bow and
arrow, the other driving. B. C. 550.
65. Silver coin of Camarina. Obverse, a female head, much decorated ami
with a fish on either side; Reverse Leda seated on a swan, a fish below, etc.
B. C. 500.
66. Tetradrachm, of Camarina, a Greek city in Sicily. Obverse, head of
Hercules in a lion's skin; Reverse, Ares driving a (piadriga, Nice Hying above,
a swan tlying below. B. C. 500.
07. Bronze coin of Centoripa. Obverse, l)(>arded and laureated head of Zeus;
Reverse, a thuuderbolt dividing the legend. B. C. 500.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
68. Bronze coin of Cossura, a small island in the Mediterranean, half waybetween Sicily and Africa. Obverse, a female head, crowned, Eros decorating
•the front; Reverse, Phoenician legend enclosed with a laurel wreath. B. C. 500.
69. Bronze coin of Aetna, a city in Sicily at the foot of the mountain of same
name. Obverse, head of J^iuebus Apollo, with radiated crown; Reverse, Ares
.standing, with speur and shield. B. C. 5U0.
70. Bronze coin of loeta, a town in the interior of Sicily. Obverse, head of
Zeus ; Reverse, a soldier, standing, right hand extended, left holding a club.
B. C. 450.
71. Bronze coin of ^lelita, an island in the ISIediterranean Sea. Obverse,
head of Ceres; Reverse, an ornamented tripod dividing the legend. B. C. 400.
72. TKTRADKArirM, of Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. Obverse, head of the
tyrant, hair confined with a fillet; Reverse, a biga driven by IsTice. B. C. 480.
73. Bronze coin of Liparia, a towai in the island of the same name. Obverse,
Ilr.plKestiis seated on tripod, holding in his extended left hand a cautharus, in
the right a malleus; Reverse, six globules surrounded by the legend. B. C. 550.
74. Gold coin of Pyrrhtis. Obverse, head of Pallas, the letter A. below;
Reverse, Nice laying a wreath on an altar. B. C. 280.
75. Bronze coin of Calacte, a city on the nortli coast of Sicily. Obverse, head
of Apollo; Reverse, his lyre dividnig the legend. B. C 4C0.
76. Gold Stater of Pyrrhus, King of Epeirns. Observe, head of Artemis;
Reverse, Nice marching, a thunderbolt in the field. B. C. 280.
77. Silver coin of Agathocles, King of Syracuse. Obverse, fine head of Per-
sephone, wreathed; Reverse, Nice crow^ning a trophy, a triquetra in the field,
B. C. 300.
78. Tetradrachm of Hieron II, King of Syracuse. Obverse, flue head of
Gelon, filleted; Reverse, Nice driving a quadriga. B. C. 220.
79. Tetradrachm of Ilieron II. Obverse, a fine head of Pallas, helmeted;
Reverse, a pegasus. B. C. 220.
80. Tetradrachm of Philistis, supposed queen of Ilieron. Obverse, a
beautiful female head of Philistis veiled; Reverse, Nice driving a quadriga.
Legend Queen Philistia." Date, B. C. 220.
81. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a female head, the hair confined bya band; Reverse, head of a horse, tlie letter A in the field, fronting the neck of
the horse. B. C. 500.
82. Bronze coin of Panormus, an important city in Sicily. Obverse, an old
male head, beardea and laureated; Reverse, a horse running, three globules in
tlie field. B. C. 500.
83. Bronze coin of Pyn-hus. 01)verse, a handsome female head, veiled, a t li-
denl belnnd. Reverse, a tlmnderbolt dividing the legend. B. C. 280.
84. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a turreted head of Rhea; Reverse, a
horse's head in front of a palm tree. B. C. 500.
85. Silver coin of Syracuse. Obverse, head of A rethusa^, surrounded by dol-
phins; Reverse, a man driving a (juadriga, Nice crowning the horses. B. C.
500.
86. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Persephone; Reverse, mandriving a biga, the letter s'ujiua below, a sun above. B. C. 500.
87. Bronze coin of the city of Catana, in Sicily. Obverse, two bearded head,
jugata; Reverse, a nude man standing, dividing the legend. B. C. 480.
88. Bronze coin of Gela. 01)verse, a liead with the hair erect, a gi'ain of
wlieat near the border. Indications of the fertility of tlu; region; Reverse a
bull. In the exergue, tliree globules. B. C. 550.
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ANCIENT GKEEK COINS.
89. Bronze coin of Affrigentnm, Obverse, an ea^le with expanded wings,
devcurriis: a bare; Jie\er.se, a crab, with two globules above, and a marine liorse
below. B. C. 550.
90. Bronze coin of "Messana, a city in f>iciiy. Obverse, a hare, running; "Re-
verse, an octopus. B. C 50U.
91. Bronze coin of Siolus, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of Hercules in lion's
skin; Reverse, a squill with three globules on and tlnee globules under it. Pmiic
inseriptiou below. B. C. oUO.
92. Bronze coin of Hybla, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a head, with bust draped,
a bee behind it; Reverse, Dionysus standing, witli tiiyrsus and canthorus, a pan-
tlier erect before Iillu. B. C. 500.
93. Bronze coin of ]STegara, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of Apollo, laure-
ated; Reverse, the tiipod of Apollo, dividing thelegend.
B.C. 500.
94. Bronze coin of Paropi, a city of Sicily. Obverse, fine head of Persephone;
Reverse, a wreath of leaves and liowers. B. C. 500.
95. Bronze coin of Gaulos, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, the present
Gozzo. Obverse, a hehneted liead in a crescent, two glolndes behind it; Reverse,
a soldier standing with sword and buclder, a sim in front. B. C. 500.
96. Bronze coin of Caena, a toT\Ti in Sicily. Obverse, head of Pallas, two
ijclobules above; Reverse, Xice running with a crown in lier right and a trophy in
iier left hand. B. C. 500.
97. DiDRAcnMof Terina, a city of Bruttium. Obverse, a tine female head,
tlie neck ornamented with a string of pearls; Reverse, Nice seated, holding on
the back of her right hand a bird with extended wings. B. C. 500.
98. Tetradrachm of Oluntiuni, a city in Crete. Obverse, head of Diana
Reverse, Zeus seated with basta and holding an eagle in his hand. B. C. 500.
99. Bronze coin of Cyzicus, a city on the^ Propontis in Mysia, Obverse, a
female head, the hair bound by a stalk of wheat, and three wheat ears around it:
Reverse, a caduceses surroimded by a ^^reath. B. G. 500.
100. Silver coin of Ileraclea, a city in Lucania. Obverse, liead of Pallas in
armor; Reverse, Hercules strangling a lion, his bo^vand club in tlie field. B. C.
500.
101. Bronze coin of Eleutheraa, a town of great importance in Crete. Ob-
verse, liead of Apollo, laureated; Reverse, Apollo seated on a lyre, holding in his
right hand a globe. B. C. 500.
102. Tetradraciim of Alexander The Great. Obverse, head of Hercules.
Avith lion's skin over it; Reverse, Zeus seated with hasta and an eagle standing
in his right hand. B. C. 320.
103. Gold Stater of Alexander III, The Great; who died B. C. 323. Ob-
verse, head of Pallas; Reverse, Nice holding a trident and a crown for the
victor; in the field a caduceus.
104. Gold Stater of Philip II, King of JSIacedonia, who died B. C. :>:]('>.
Obverse, head of Apollo; Reverse, the king driving a biga.
105. Gold Staterof
Lysiniochus, King of Thrace, who died B. C. 281.Obverse, head of the king in the character of the Amnionian .Iui)iter; Reverse.
Pallas holding Nice in her outstretched hand.
lOG. Tetradraciim of Lysimachas. This coin bears emblems and inscrip-
tions similar to those on the gold stater No. 118.
107. Gold Stater of Selencus, King of Syria, who died B. C. 280. Obverse,
head of the king in the character of Apollo; Reverse, Apollo standing with a bowin his left hcind and an arrow in the right.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
108. Gold Stater of Ptolemy. Soter. Kins: of E^ypt, who died B. C. 283.
Obverse, head ol: king; Reverse; Jupiter driving aquddiigaof elephants.
109. Tetradkaciim of Ptolemy, Soter. Obverse, head of the king; Eevei-se,
au eagle standing on a fulinen, or tliunderbolt. B. C. 285.
110. Tetradrachm of ]Sracedonia. Obverse, head of Artemis surroundedV)y Macedonian shields; Reverse, club of Hercules dividing the legend, both
encircled by a wreath. About B. C. 400.
111. Bronze coin of Seleucus TV. King of S^Tia, who died B. C. 175. Obverse,
liead of tlie king, the hair confined witli a fillet; Reverse, prow and fore part of
a ship, dividing tlie legend.
112. Bronze coin of Tigranes, King of Armenia, who died B. C. GO. Obverse,
head of tlie king wearing a tiara; Reverse, a female seated, holding a corn ucopise
in one hand and a wreath in the other.
113. Tetradrachm of ISIithridates YI, King of Pontus, who died B. C.
63. Obverse, head of tlie king; Reverse, a pegasus dividing the legend, andsurrounded with a wreath.
114. Tetradrachm of Antlochns I, who died B. C. 210. Obverse, his head;
Reverse, Apollo seated on a Cortina, holding in one hand a bow and in the other
an arrow.
115. Tetradrachm of Antlochns lY, King of Syria, who died B. C. 104.
Obverse, i)ortrait of the king; Reverse, an eagle standing on a fuhnen, dividing
the legend.
110. Tetradrachm of Seleucus YI, surnamed Epiphanes, who died B. C.
f)4. Obverse, his portrait; Reverse, Pallas with spear in one hand and Xice in
the other.
117. Tetradraciim of Alexander I (Balas), B. C. 152-144, struck at Tyre;
date, year 103 of Seleucid Era, B. C. 149. Obverse, portrait; Reverse, Eagle
with club of Hercules in front.
118. Bronze coin of Ptolemy II, siu-named Euergetes, King of Eg\iit, who
died B. C. 222. Obverse, head of Jupiter Amnion; Reverse, an eagle on a ful-
men^the Ptolemaic emblem.
119. Tetradrachm of Phileta-rus, founder of the Kingdom of Pergamus,
who died B. C. 203. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Pallas seated, offering
a wreath, in the field a sword.120. Tetradraciim of Ptolemy Y, surnamed Epiphanes, King of Egypt,
who died B. C. 181. Obver.<e, head of the king; Reverse, Eagle on fulmen.
121. Tetradrachm of Ptolemy YII, Euergetes II, known as Physcon, who
died B. C. 117. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Eagle on fulmen,
122. Bronze coin of Berenice, wife of one of tlie Ptolemys of Egypt. Ob-
verse, head of the queen, with covering extending over tlu^ bust ; Reverse, a
cornucopise surromided by the legend.
123. Tetradrachm of Xicomedes III. Philopator, King of Bithynia, died
B. C. 74. Obvei-se. head of the king; Reverse, Zeus discharging a thunderbolt
fromhis left hand and holding basta in hi;; right.
124. Gold Stater of Phamaces, King of Pontus, who died about B. C. 170.
Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Apollo seated, a lyre behind and a tripod in
front of him.
125. Gold Stater of Cyrene, a city of great imiiortance in northern Africa.
Obverse, Xice driving a (pjaih-iga; Reverse,Zeus standing with hasta aiitl liolding
a patera over an altar. B. C. r)00.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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ANCIENT GREEK COINS.
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HISTORICAL COIN ATLAS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
Pieces of all Emperors, Empresses, Tyrants and Kings,
From Julius Cesar B. C. 70, to the Extinction of the Western
Empire, A. D. 476.
1. Caesar, Cains Julius, born B.C. 100. Made Perpetual Dictator
B. C. 44. jNIurdered by Pompey and Senators, March loth of same year.
One of the most noted characters in history, distinguished by extraordinarj''
genius and attainments in the most diversified pursuits.
2. Augustus, Caius Octavius Csepeas, first Emperor of the
Roman Empire Born B. C. 63. Declared Emperor B. C. 29. Died A. D.
14. Coins rei)resent him with Julius Caesar, Lepidus, Agrippa, Tiberius,
Julia, Caius and Julius and Germanicus. A wise and moderate ruler.
3. Tiberius, Claudius Nero Csesar, born B. C. 42. Son-in-law of
Augustus Ciesar A. D. 4. Emperor A. D. 14. Smothered by order of Cal-
igula A. D. 37. His reign exhibits every variety of detestable actions.
4. Drusus, Nero Claudius, afterwards Germanicus, born B. C.
15. Ciesar A. D. 4. Poisoned A. D. lU. A noble prince, a grand general,
a good and brilliant man.
5. Antonia, bom B. C. 38. Wife of Drusus Senior. Poisoned by her
:grandson Caligula A. D. 37. Beautiful, virtuous and unfortunate. Highhonors were paid to Iier memory.
6. Drusus Csesar, or Junior, son of Tiberius. Born B. C. 13. Poi-
soned by his wife A. D. 32. Consul A. D. 15 and 21. Tribunica Potentas
A. D. 22. Naturally noble but degraded by gross jjassions,
7. Germanicus Csesar, son of Nero Claudius Drusus. Born B. C. 15.
Ca?sar A. D. 4. Poisoned A. D. 19. A great soldier, a chaste, temperate
and much beloved man and Consul.
8. Agrippina, wife of Germanicus Ciesar. Born B. C. 15. Starved
to death in banishment by Tiberius A. D. 33. A noble woman.9. Caius, or Caligula, son of Germanicus and Agrippina. Born
A. D. 12. Emperor A. D. 37. Killed A. D. 41. A beast in human form.
10. Claudius I, Drusus Nero Germanicus, born B. C. 10. Em-p^^ror A. D. 41. Poisoned A. D. 54. Industrious and diligent, but a failure
through want ofjudgment and tact.
11. Nero, originally L. Domitius Aiienobarbus Born A. D. 37.
Younger son of Cmeus Domitius Anenobarbus and Agripjiina. His mother
afterwards n)arried her uncle, Emperor Claudius, who adopted Nero and
changed his name to Claudius Ctcsar Drusus Germanicus. Emperor A. D.
64. Killed himself A. D. OS. A monster, i)robably the vilest character in
history. •
12. Galba Ser. Sulpicus, born B. C. 3. Emj^eror A. D. 68. Killed
by liis soldiers xV. D. 09. A man of excellent qualities, but over severe and
avaricious.
149
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HETOEICAL COIN ATLAS OF THE ROMAN EfflPIEE.
Pieces of all Emperors, Empresses, Tyrants and Kings.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
lo. Otho. M. Salvius. born A. D. 32. Emperor A. D. 69. Bein^
conquered by Vitellius, he killed himself the same year. A companion of
Nero, he imitated all the vices of that tyrant.
14 Vitellius- Aulus, born A. D. 15. Emperor A D. 00. Killed by
Vespasinnus' soldiers the same j^ear. He had a little le.irning, but great'
talent for eating, drinking, debts and debauclieries.
15. Vespasianus. T. Flavins Sabinus, bore A. D. 9. Emperor 69.
Died 79. By birth of mean condition, he rose by merit as a soldier and
statesman. He was frugal, temperate and amiable, but too avaricous.
16. Domitilla, Plavia, the first wife of Vespasianus. She died before
her husband became Emperor, and the coins bearing her portrait were
struck after her death.
17. Titus, Flavius Sabinius Vespasianus, born A. D. 40, son of
Emperor Vespasianus and Domitilla Flavia. Emperor A. D. 79. Died
A. D. 81. A brave general, a man of learning and a ruler of peculiar
excellence.
18. Julia, daughter of Titus. Little record and that not good.
19. Domitianus T. Flavius Domitianus Augustus, born A. D.
52. Emperor A. D. 81. Assassinated A. D. 96. One of the most cruel
tyrants that ever disgraced a throne
20. Domitia Longina, the wife of Domitianus, whose record as a
woman equals her worthless husband's, whose assassins she urged on to their
murderous work.
21. Nerva M. Oocceius, born A. D. 32. Emperor A. D. 96. Died
A. D. 98. A noble character of strong will and great administrative power.
He received the honor of deification.
22. Trajanus M. Ulpius, bom A. D. 52. Casar and Emperor with
Nerva A. D. 97. Sole Emperor A. D. 98. Died A. D, 117. One of the
most distinguished of Ronjan rulers.
23. Plotina, Pompeia, died A. D. 129. Wife of Trajan. A womanjustly honored for her extraordinary merits and high character.
24. Marciana, died A. D. 115, Sister of Trajan. Remarkable for her
virtues and talents. After her death slie was enrolled among the gods.
25. Matidia, daughter of Marciana. Honored in her life-time, deified
after her death, which occurred in the reign of Antonius.
26. Hadrianus, P. Aelins, born A. D. 76. Adopted by Trajan and
his :jon-in-law. Trajan adoi)ted him A. D. 117 and heAvas declared Empe-
ror the same year. Died A. D. 138. A good ruler and successful soldier
whose virtues overbalanced many defects in his character.27. Sabina, wife of Hadrian, honored in life and death, but unhappy
in her matrimonial relations. She committed suicide about A, D. 137.
28. .^lius, adopted by Hadrian about A. D. 136, with the name of
Ca?sar. Died A. D. 138.
29. Antonius, Pius, in early life Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius
Arrius Antonius. liorn A. D. 86. Adopted by Hadrian and declared Em-
peror, A. D. 138. Died A. D. 161. A most exalted and wise character ia
private and public life.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.,qOO0""°°OOO(
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
30. Faustina, Senior. Annia Galeria. Bom A. D. 105. Died
A. D. 141. She was in everyway unworthy of her great husband, but not-
withstanding the utter profligacy of her life, he loaded her with honorsbefore and after her death,
31. Marcus Aurolius Antoninus, Born A. D. 121. Adopted by
and son-in-law of Antonius Pius, Emperor A. D. 161. Died A. D. 180. Awise, learned and just man. Commonly distinguished as " the Philosopher."
32. Faustina, Junior, Annia, daughter of Faustina, Senior, and
as thoroughly abandoned to ill deeds as washer mother. She was married
A. D. 145 or" 14(3 to Marcus Aurelius, who either through good nature or
blindness, ignored her vile acts, cherished her living and honored her after
death in175.
33. Verus. Lucius Aurelius, Born A. D. 130. Son of ^lius Cicsar,
son-in-law of Marcus Aurelius and associated with him in the empire A. B.
161—169. His original name was L. Ccionius Commodus. Died by poison,
A. D. 169. During his life he shared the honors worthily of Marcus Au-
relius.
34. Commodus, L. Aurelius. Born A. D. 161, son of Marcus Aure-
lius and Faustina, Jr. Named Csesar A. D. 166. Associated in empire A. D.
176. Named Augustus 177, sole emperor 180. Died from strangulation and
poison 192. A miserable man and ruler, cruel, corrupt and dissolute.
35. CriSpina, wife of Commodus, unfaithful, divorced, banished to
Capreae and put to death.
36. Pertinax, Helvius. Born A. D. 126, Emperor A. D. 193. Assas-
sinated after a reign of 87 days in consequence of his firmness in insisting
upon reforms in the army and State.
37. Julianus, M DidiuS Salvius, afterwards M. Didius Commo-
dus Severus Julianus. BornA. D. 133. Declared Emperor A. D. 198. Assas-
inated after reigning 66 days. A good soldier, but unscrupulous and am-
bitious. He bought the supreme power by promises of money to the
soldiers.
38. Clara, Didia, daughter of Julianus. Born A. D. 153 ; only known
through her effigy, or rare occasional coins.
39. Niger, C Pescennius. Declared Emperor by the army in Syria,
A. D. 193. A good soldier, no statesman, he could not secure the power;
was put to death as a rebel A. D. 194.
40. Severus, L. Septimus. BornA. D. 146, Emperor 193. Master
of the whole Empire 197 ; died 211. An admirable general and reformer,
but cold and ungenerous.
41. Domna, Julia, wife of Septimus Severus. A Avoman of powerfulintellect and vast ambition. Starved herself to death A. D. 217, upon loss
of power.
42. Albinus. Clodius, or DecimusClodius Ceionius Septimus. Born
in Africa ; named Ca'sar l)y Septimus Severus A. D. 193, rebelled and took
title of Emperor of Britain and Gaul 196; defeated and killed by Septimus
Severus 197. A great general and man of some learning.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
-43. Caracalla or Caracallus, also Bassianus, and when adopted by
8everus, called M. Aurelius Antoninus which last name he retained ever
after. Born A. D. 188. Named Ca>sar 19G; Augustus 198;
Emperor withLis brother Geta 211 ; sole Emperor 212. Assassinated 217. A bold, bad
man whose life is stained with all crimes.
44. Plautilla, Fulvia. Married to Caracalla A. D. 202;soon banished,
left destitute and finally murdered by order of her husband.
45. Geta, L or P. Septimus. Born A. D. ISO. Brother of Caracalla.
Named Ca'sar 198; Augustus 209. Emperor with Caracalla 211 and assas-
sinated by him, while in the arms of his mother, A. D. 212. A far better
character than his murderer though with many vices,
46.
Macrinus M. Opelius(or
Opilius) Macrinns.Born A. D.
1G4. Proclaimed Emperor 218. Killed 219. A haughty, blood-thirsty,
inhumanly cruel coward. He was the instigator of tlie murder of Caracalla.
47. Diadumenianus or Diadumenus M. Opelius, son of Mac-
rinus. Born A. D, 208. Named Ca\sar and Augustus 217. Killed 218.
Celebrated for his remarkable beauty.
48. ElagabaluS, originally called Yarius Avitus Bassianus, and after-
guards Marcus Aurelius Antonius. Born A. D. 205; declared Em-peror 218. Killed 222. A glutton and all that M'as bestial, his name has
passed into a jiroverb.
49. Paula, Julia Cornelia. INIarried to Elagabalus A. D. 219, di-
Torced the next year. Died in j^rivate life.
50. Maesa. Julia, grandmotherof Elagabalus and Alexander Severus.
One of the n:i<)st able and strong minded women of history;ambitious and
unscrupulous but wise and polite.
51. Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus. Killed A. D. 222. She
was the first woman who took a place in the Roman Senate. Her life was
not pure and her body was subjected to every indignity after death,
52. Mama>''a, Julia, mother of Alexander Severus. A woman of
strong character, devoted to her son. Her advice caused the revolt in theiirmy, A. D. 235, in which both mother and son were killed.
53. Severus, BI. Aurelius Alexander, usually called Alexander
l^cverus. Born A. D. 205. Killed 235. A brave soldier, a pure, just man,
but loo much under control of his mother.
54. Orbiana. Sallustia Barbia, one of the three wives of Alex-
ander Severus. Known only through effigies on coins.
55. Maximinus I., C Julius, Verus. Born A. D. 173, of low
parentage. Of immense strength and gigantic stature, (over 8 feet). He
became conspicuousin the
army androse to be
EmperorA.
D.235.
He"\vas assassinated with his son, 238. A brute in every respect.
56. Maximus Caesar, C. Julius Verus, son of Maximinus, shared
in a lesser degree, the honors gained by his father, and was Uiurdered with
liim A. D. 238. A promising young man.
57. Gordianus I, M Antonius, surnamed Africanus. Born
A. D. 158. Proclaimed ]^aii};eror in Africa 238, and was acknowledged by
the Senate, but unable to quell a revolt, he killed himself after a reign of
about forty days.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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AIMCIENT ROMAN COINS.
58. Gordianus Africanus II, eldest son of G. A. I. Born A. D. 192.
Associated with his father in the })urple and perished in battle against the
rebels on the same day. Both father and son bear noble characters in
history.
59. Pupienua Maximus, Marcus Clodius. Bora A. D. 164.
Made Emperor with ]>albinus 2o8. Killed three months after.
60. Balbinus- DeciinUS Ca'^lius. Born A. D. 178. Associate Em-peror with Pupienus. 238. An excellent combination cf an able general andsagacious statesman. He and his brother ruler perished by assassination
three months alter their elevation to supreme power.
61. Gordianus III, M. Antonius, grandson of G.A.I. Born A. D.
222. Proclaimed Augustus 238. Assassinated 244. An amiable youngman, deservedly well beloved.
62. Tranquillina, Sabnia, or Sabnia, Furia, wife of Gordianus III
and daughter of Misitheus. No record.
63. Philippus I., M. Julius. Born A. D. 204. Emperor 2<4. Killed
249. A successful warrior and ruler. By some authors, claiiued to have
been a Christian.
64. Otacilia Severa, Marcia, wife of Philippus I. Believed bymany ancient writers to have been a Christian.
65. Philippus II.. M. Julius. Born A. D. 237. C»sar 244. Asso-
ciated with his father as Augustus, 247, and killed with him when but
twelve years of age.
67. Decius, C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius. Born A. D.
201. Emperor 249;drowned in a bog, 251. He accepted the purjjle from
the army under threats of death if he refused.
67. Etruscilla^ Herennia, wife of Decius. Known only from hiT
coins.
68. EtruSCUS, Herennius, son of Decius. Named Ca>sar A. D. 249.
Augustus 251, Killed in battle the same year.
69. Hostilianus, son, son-in-law or nephew of Decius [authorities dif-
fer.] Associated in the pur[)le with Trebonianus Gallus, A. D. 251. Reported
to have died the same year and also to have reigned two years.
70. Gallus, Trebonianus, C. Vibius. .Joint ruler with Hostilianus.
Killed Avith his son, by his soldiers, A. D. 253.
71. Volusianus, son of Gallus. Named Ca3sar A. D. 251. Augustus
252. Killed with his father.
72. Aemilianus, Aemilius. Born A. D. 208. Proclaimed Emperor
in Maesia, 253. Killed by his soldiers 254.
73. Valerianus, P. Llcinius. Born A. D. 190. Emperor 253. Agreat soldier, called upon to rule on account of his high merit. He was
captured by the Persians 26 ', and died in captivity from cruel treatment,
263. After death his skin was stuffed and preserved as a trophy by his
enemies.
74. Mariniana; wife, sister or daughter of Valerianus. Knownonly by her coins.
75. Gallienus, P. Licinius Valerianus Egnatius; son of
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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ANCIENT KOMAN COINS.
Valerianus by his first wife. Emperor with his father A. D. 253. Assassi-
nated 268. A contemptible character. It Avas during tliis reign that the
many generals declared themselves Eaiperors, and these are designated as
The Tfiirtv Tyrants.
76. Salonia, Cornelia, Augusta, wife of Gallienus, mother of Sa-
lon inns.
77. Valerianus, Junior, half brother of Gallienus, and a happy
opposite in character. Assassinated A. D. 2()8.
78. Saloninus, P. Licinius Cornelius, son of Gallienus. Born
A. D. 242. Ctcsar 253. Put to death 25y.
79. Pcstumus, M. Cassianus Latinius. One of The Thirty
Tyrants. Rebelled against Gallienus, and proclaimed himself Emperorin Gaul A. D. 258. He was a strict but just ruler while he reigned.
Killed 267.
80. VictorinuS, M. Pravvonius. One of the Thirty Tyrants, was
associated with Postumus in the purple. A superior general and statesman,
but a slave to his passions. Assassinated A. D. 267.
81. IVTarius, M. Aurelius. Emperor in Gaul, A. D. 267. The fourth
of the Thirty Tyrants who ruled Gaul. His reign lasting for forty-eight
hours, when he was assassinated. His coins must have been minted before
he assumed power.
82. Tetricus, C Pesuvius. The last of the Thirty Tyrants whogoverned in Gaul, where he was proclaimed Emperor, A. 1). 267. Herestored the provinces to Aurelian in 273, by betraying his army in battle
to that rulpr, and soon after retiring to private life he died at a very
advanced age.
83. Tetricus, C. Pesuvius Pivesus. Proclaimed Cwsar while a
child; son and successor of C. Pesuvius Tetricus, one of the Thirty Tyrants,
who ruk'd from A. D. 267, until con(|uered by Aurelian, about A. D. 274.
84. Macrianus, Senior. One of the Thirty Tyrants. A brave sol-
dier, defeated and killed in battle by Aureolus, A. D. 262.
85. Macrianus, Junior, son of the preceding. Flourished during
the latter years of his father, shared his power and met with the same fate
86. Claudius II , M. Aurelius Claudius, Gothicus. Born A. D.
214. Etni)eror A. I). 268. Died 270. A great warrior, a wise ruler. He
endeavored to re-establish honest coinage and issued money of copper,
plated or silvered over.
87. QuintilluS, M. Aurelius. Emperor A. D. 270, reigned but a
few Aveeks, when, deserted by his soldiers he killed himself. Pie bears a
high character in history.
88. Aurelianus, Valerius, or L. Domititus. Born A. D. 270-
Emperor A. D. 270. Treacherously killed A. I). 275. A victorious soldier
and able ruler, the history of his reign is most brilliant.
89. Severina, XJlpia, wife of Aurelianus, seems to have been worthy
her great spouse. Medals and coins were struck in her honor, and })rove
that she survived her huslKUid.
90. Vabalathus. Athenodorus, son of Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra.
He was made Emperor in Syria A. D. 266, and captured by Aurelia,n 273,
Certain of his coins bear the face of Aurelian on the obverse.
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ANCIENT KOMAN COINS.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
91. Tacitus, M. Claudius. Emperor from Sept. A. D. 275 to April
276. A wise ruler, not ambitious of military glory, but a promoter of all
peaceful arts.
92. Florianus, M Annius. Born A. D. 232. Half-brother of Ta-
citus, at whose death he assumed supreme power, ruling i'rom April to June
or July 267, when he was killed either by the revolting soldiers or his ownhand.
93. Probus, M, Aurelius. Born A. D. 232. Sonof Maximus. Em-peror from 276 to 2S2, when murdered. His whole reign was a series of
most brilliant achievements in peace and war.
94. Carus, M. Aurelius. Born A. D. 230. Successor to Probus-
Keported killed by lightning 283, but probably murdered. More success-ful in war than peace. Some coins represent him with Carinus his son.
95. Carinus M. Aurelias, eldest son of Cams. Born A. D. 249. Em-peror 283. Killed 284. Successful in war, a cruel, profligate and wasteful
ruler, who married and repudiated nine wives.
96. Numerianus, M. Aurelias, brother of Carinus. Born A. D. 254.
Cfpsar 282. Augustus 283. Died 284. His father-in-law, ArriusAper,v7as
killed on suspicion of murdering him. A wise and much beloved ruler.
97. Diocletianus, Valerius. Born A. D. 245. Emperor 284. Adopted
Galerius 292; abdicated 305. Died 313. Of most obscure j^arentage, he rose
by merit, and well deserved all the honors he gained. I3ut he terribly j^erse-
cuted the Christians.
98. IKTaximianus II. Hercules. Born A. D. 250. The son of a
shepherd. Associated in the Empire with Diocletian in 286 ; abdicated 305;
retook the Empire, 306 ; abdicated again 308;proclaimed himself Emperor
once more, 309; strangled himself, 310. A distinguished general and bad
man, a relentless persecutor of the Christians.
99. Carausius, M. Aurelius Valerius. Emperor in England
A. D. 287. Assassinated 293. A remarkable man, wdio rose from most low-
ly beginnings. He forced his powerful enemies to become his allies, andin all acts showed the greatest vigor and prudence.
100. Allectus. Emperor in England A. D. 293, by his murder of Ca-
rausius. Killed 296. A vile character.
101. Julianus, Marcus Aurelianus. (iovernorofVenitia in Italy.
Usurj^ed the Imperial power A. D. 284, Avas cont^uered and killed 285.
102. ConstantiusI surnamed Chlorus, Flavius Valerius. Born
A. D. 2-50. Emperor 305 with Galerius, the Ibrmerbting placed over Gaul,
Britain and Spain. He was a wise and just ruler and treated Pagans and
Christians with impartiality and toleration. Died 306.
103. Helena, Flavia Julia Born about A. D. 248. Wife of .Con-
stantius I, and mother of Constantinus the Great. She was divorced through
State Policy. A noble lady and true Christian, she died in 328, and honors
were showered upon her memory.
104. Theodora, Flavia Maximiana, second wife of Constantinus
Chlorus, for whom he rejiudiated Helena.
105. Maximianus II, Galerius Valerius. Adopted and namedCaesar b^^ Dioceletian, A. D. 292. Augustus and Emperor 305. Died 311.
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ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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AISICIENT ROMAN COINS.106. Galeria. Valeria, daughter of Diocelitian, second wife of Max-
imianus II. She and her mother were beheaded by order of Licinius, A. D.
315.
107. Severus, Flavius Valerius. Named C^sar by IMaximianus
Hercules, A. D. oOo; Augustus and Emperor 306. Compelled to put an
end to himself A. D. 307.
108. Maximinus, Galerius Valerius. Original name Daza, neph«ew of Galerius. Nan^cd Cicsar A. D. 305
;assumed the title of Emperor 308.
Di^d of despair or poison 313. A violent, undeserving and ungrateful maru
109. Maxentius, M. Aurelius, son-in-law of Galerius. EmperorA. D. 306, Drowned in the Tiber 312. A monster of rapacity, cruelty andall other vices.
110. Urbica, Magnia. Only known by hercoins. By some supposed
to be the wife of Maxentius, by others, assigned to Carus, and by others to
Carinus. The coin is pronounced by certain authorities to be a forgery.
1x1. Romulus, son of Maxentius. Born about A. D. 300; named Caesa-r
337; Augustus soon after. Died while a boy.
112. Nigrinianus. A Roman Ctesar or Augustus. Known only byhis coins. It has been conjectured by some that he was the son of Alex-
ander, a ursurper of Africa A. D. 311, by others that he was the son
of Carus.
113. Licinius; Publius Flavius Galerius Valerius Licini-anus. Born A. D. 263, of peasant parents. Gained friends and rank in the
army;married the daughter of Constantius Chlorus. Named. Caesar and
Augustus and Emperor with Galerius Maximianus 307. Prisoner of his
brother-in-law Constantine, and strangled 323. A cold blooded tyrant.
114. Constantinus I., Flavius Valerius Aurelius, surnamed
Magnus, or " The Great." Born A. D. 274. Son of Constantius Chlorus
and Helena, son-in-law of Maximanus Hercules. Proclaimed Cnesar andAugustus in Britain 306, and Augustus by Maximanus 308. In 311 heembraced the Christian religion. Became sole Emperor 323. Quitted
Rome in 330, for Byzantium, which he named Constantinople. Died0-7
OJt .
115. Fausta, Flavia Maximiana. ^larricd to Constantine I. A. D-
307. Caused the deatli of her stejvson, and some historians say, was smoth-
ered to death in a warm bath by her husband's order, 326.
116.
117. Licinius, Junior, Flavius Valerius Licinianus, son of
Licinius I. Born A. D. 315. Made Ca;sar317. Stripped of all honors and
l)ut to death 326.
118. Crispus, Flavius Julius, son of Constantine I. Born about
A. D. 300. Named Caesar 317. Gained glory in battle. Put to death byhis father, at the instigation of his step-mother 326.
119. Delmatius, Flavius Julius, nephew of Constantine I. NamedCtesar A. D. 335. Killed 337.
120. Constantinus II., Flavius Claudius, surnamed TheYounger, son of Constantine I. Born A. I). ;U2. Named Caesar 316.
Ruler of Gaul, Spain and England 335. Emperor and Augustus 337. De-
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497
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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49«
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
121. Constans I., Flavius Julius, youncest son of Constantine I.
Born A. D. 320. Named Ciusar 333. Emperor"340. Killed by revoltingsoldiers 350. An indolent, weak and profligate man.
122. Magnentius, Flavius Popilius. Bom about A.D. 303.
Revolted against Constans I. Proclaimed Emperor 350. Killed him-self 353.
123. Decentius, brother or cousin of INIagnentius. Named Caesar A. D.
351. Strangled himself 353.
124. Vetranio. An old General. Proclaimedhimself Emperor A. D.350
; abdicated in ten months. T^ied 356.
125. Constantius II., Flavius Julius, third son of Constantine I.Born A. D. 317. Created Consul 324. Emperor 350. Died 361. Anartful tyrant.
126. Julianus, Flavius Claudius, surnamed "The Apostate''Born A. D. 331. 8on of Julius Constantius. Named Caesar 355. Sole Em-peror 361. Killed in battle 363. In talents, principles and deeds, an ex-
traordinary man.
127. Jovianus Flavius Claudius. Born A. D. 331. Emperor 363.
Died 364. Professed himself a Christian and put that religion on a legal
basis.
128. Valentinianus I. Born A. D. 321. Emperor 364. Died 375.
He maintained the Catholic faith and forbade all Pagan ceremonials underpenalty of death.
129. Valens, brother of Valentinianus I. Born about A. D. 328. Em-peror of the East 364. Persecuted the Catholics, and was himself burnedto death by Barbarians 378.
130. Gratianus, Aug., son of Valentinianus I. Born A. D. 359 ; madeConsul 366 ; Augustus 367
;Emperor 375. Killed 383. A pious, chaste and
temperate man, but wanting in firmness.
131. Maximus, Magnus Clemens. Assumed the name of Augus-tus in Britain A. D. 383; acknowledged Emperor, seized upon Italy 387.
Captured and decapitated 388.
132. Victor, Flavius, son of Maximus Magnus. Named AugustusA. D. 383. Put to death 388.
133. Valentinianus II., or Junior, son of Valentinianus I. BornA. D. 371. Named Augustus and associated in the Empire 375. Emperorof all the West 383. Assassinated 392.
134. Theodosius I., surnamed " The Great." Born A. D. 346. Named
Augustus and associated in the Empire by Gratian in 379, his division beingthe Eastern. Died 395.
135. Flacilla, Aelia, first wife of Theodosius I. Died A. D. 385.
136. Eugenius. Proclaimed Augustus at Vienna A. D. 392. Put to
death two years later by order of Theodosius.
137. Arcadius, son of Theodosius I. Born A. D. 377. Named Cfesar
383. Emperor of the East 395. Died 408. A thoroughly incompetent andweak ruler.
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499
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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500
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
138. Eudoxia, ^lia, wife of Arcadius. Died A. D. 404 or 406. Awoman of high spirit and possessed of great influence over her hus-
band.
139. Honorius, Flavius Augustus, second son of Theodosius TheGreat. Born A. D. 384. Named Augustus 393. Emperor of the ^\'est 395.
Died 423. A weak ruler, his was a disastrous reign.
140. Constaninus III., The Tyrant. Augustus in England andGaul A. D. 407. Taken prisoner and put to death 411.
141. Attalus, FrisCUS. Made Emperor by Alaric at Rome, A. D. 409.
Deprived of his title and resumed it in Gaul 410. Died in banishment on
the island of Lipari.142. Jovinus, a Gaulish Captain. Proclaimed Emperor at ^Nlayence
A. D, 411. Defeated by Adolphus, the Gothic King, and beheaded 413.
143. Theodosius II., only son of Arcadius. BornA.D. 401. NamedAugustus 402. Emperor of the East 408. Died 450. In 438, was pub-
lished the celebrated Codex Theodosianus. He was a weak ruler and his
kingdom was managed by others.
144. Johannes. Born about A. D. 380. Usurped the purple 423.
Conquered and killed 425.
145. Placidia, Galla, wife of Constantinus III. Died at Rome A. D.450.
146. Valentinianus Placidius. Born A. D. 419. Emperor 425.
Assassinated 455.
147. Marcianus, brother-in-law of Theodosius II. Born A. D. 391.
Emperor of the East 450. Died 457.
148. Leo I., Flavius, surnamed The Great and The Thracian.Born about A. D. 400, in Thrace. Emperor of the East 457. Died 474.
Distinguished by remarkable talents and high moral qualities.
149. Maximus, Petronis (Anicius). Born A. D. 395. Assumed thepurple 455. Murdered after a reign of about three months.
150. Severus, Libius. Proclaimed Emperor of the West at Ravenna,
A. D. 461. Died 405.
151. Anthemius, Procopius, son-in-law of Marcianus. Emperorof the West A. D. 467. Killed 473.
152. Glycerins. Emperor A. D. 473. Dethroned by Julius Nepos 474,
and became Bishops of iSalona. Died 4i0.
153. Nepos, Julius. The last Emperor but one of the Western
Empire. Created Emperor A. D. 474. Was deposed by Orestes andkilled 480.
154. Leo, Junior. Born A. D. 459, succeeded Leo I. as Emperor of
the East, 474. Died after a reign of six months.
155. Zsno or Zen on, original nanie Trascalisseus. Born A. D. 426.
Son-in-law of Leo 1., lather of Leo II., and associated with the latter in the
Eastern Emijire 474. Abdicated 476; regained sovereignty 477. Died 491.
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501
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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502
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
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503
ANCIENT ROMAN COINS.
156. BasilisCUS, brother-in-law of Leo I. A. D. 476, he drove Zeno from
the throne and declared himself Emperor of the East. Zeno, next year
conquered and captured him, and with his family he was imprisoned in
Cappadocia, and all were starved to death.
157. AugUStulus, Romulus. The last Roman Emperor of the West-
Son of Orestes, who proclaimed him Emperor A. D. 475, after driving out
Julius Nepos. Orestes Avas the actual ruler until he was defeated and killed
hy Odoacer. Augustulus Romulus, on account of his youth, beauty and
innocence, was spared, but exiled to Campania. His ultimate -fate is
unknown.
e?r3C'
M^^?^^'^^^*^^.^^
X
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504
MEDIAEVAL COINS.
No. 1. TiiEODOTTATT'S ; King of the Goths in
Italy, A. D. r,ui. KiUed, o3().
No. 2. BADUIL1.A, cMlled by tho Gi-eel<s To-
TILLA; Kinfj of the (Jotlis in Italy A. D. 541.Killed in battle with Naises, ."iryi.
No. 3. Basijuscvs .see Kniperois of the East.
J^o. !')().
No. 4. Maeciaxu.s, .see Emperors of the East.
-No. 147.
No. 5. Leo IV.,CiiA/,ARtTS; born at Constan-
tinople A. 1). ToO. Ot the I^aurian (lj"nasty. De-•clared Enij)erer 751 ; died 7X0.
No. 6. Heraclu'SI. IJoni abont A. T>. 575.
His extraordinary reign marks the last epoeh of
ancient Roman grandeur. Emperor of the East,
«1(); died fi41.
No. 7. Ax.vSTASTrsT. Born A. D. 430. Em-peror of Constantinople A. I). 491. KUled bythunder 518.
No. 8. J uSTixtTS T. Born A. D. 4.30. Emperorj)f tho East, 518; died 527.
No. 9. MAtTKiciu.s, Flaa-itts TiiiKRiiT.s. Born•about A. D. 539. One of the f;reatest emperors•of Constantinop'e, reigned Irom 582 to 020, when,with all his family, he was murdered by Phocas.
No. 10. Ti«KKiiTS, named Cassar, with his
lirother Heraolitis. A. D. 059. Assoeiated in the
Empire with their brother I'ogonatus 008. Killed,
«74.
No. 11. Michael II., Emperor A. D. 820. Died829.
No. 12. Micitaei. in, Emperor A. T). 842. As-sassinated 8(37 ;
the reverse shows JNIiehael andhis son Constantinus.No. 1.3. JiEO in., Emperor A. D. 717. Died 741
;
:and his son Constantinus A'.
No. 14. Nicephorus, Emperor A. D. 742. Died743.
No. 15. Isaacttts I., surnamed CoaiMENUS;
Emperor A. D. 1057; abdicated 1059; died 1061.
No. 10. Theodokus I., Emperor A. D. 1204.
Died 1222.
No. 17. Theodorus III., Emperor 1255. Died-1259.
No. 18. C03S^stantinus and Adronieus, A. D.1067.
No. 19. Wir.T.iAM, A. 1). 125.-,. Holland.
No. 20. Richard, A. D. 1203. England.No. 21. Alphonsu.s X. Germany and Italy or
Spain?
No. 22. C^SAR Rudolpiius, A. D. 1291. Swit-zerland.
No. 23. Gtjtha (uxor?) vxor. Bohemia.No. 24. Catharina vxo'-. Hungary.No. 25. Clementine rj;or. " and Sicily.
No. 26. CiKSAR Albertus. Germany, Aus-tria, etc.
No. 27. Elizabeth, wife of Albcrtns. Austria.No. 28. Joannes VI., 1356. I'atriarch of Con-
stantinople.
No. 29. RuDOLi'HUS nzfjs. Bohemia.No. 30. Henricus CoRNi.ssouof Albertusand
Elizabeth, No. 26 and No. 27.
No. 31. Albertus III. Duke of Aus<:via, etc.
No. 32. Joannes, 1326. Bohemia.No. 33. Georgius. Arch-duke Austria.
No. 34. Isabella Philippi Regis. Daniae.No. 35. Maria. Spain.
No. 36. Charles V., A. D. 1519. Spain.
No. 37. MargaretumVX. Duchy Florentine.
No. 38. Joanna, ((ueen of Joannis. Portugal.
No. 39. Catiiarina Reg Portugal Joann III.
No. 40. Ferdinandtjs, A. D. 1521. Hungaryand Bohemia.No. 41. i:L!ZABETn, A. D. 1545.
No, 42. Fekdinanlus. Born 1529, died 1595.
Archduke Austria, etc.
No. 43. Cakolus, a. D. 1590. Archdulce Aus-tria.
No. 44. Joanna Magni, A. 1). 1.5—. Born 1547,
died 1.578. FranceNo. 45. Barbara. Born ii Vienna 1.539 died
1.572.
No. 46. C.'esarMaximilianusII. Germany,Hungary, etc.
No. 47. ELi.'..VBETn. Born 15.54, died 1.592.
Queen Frame.No. 48. WiNCESLAtlS. Born 1.561, died 1.576.
Archduke Austria, etc.
No. 49. C.ES.\R RvDOLPHi'S II. Boru 1552,
elected 1575. Germa .v, Hungary, etc.
No. .50. Cesar Matthia.s. Born 15,57, king1608. Hungary.
174
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505
MEDIEVAL COINS.
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)06
MEDIAEVAL COINS.
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507
MEDIAEVAL COINS.
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508
170 JEWISH COINS.
The Jewish people possessed no positive coinage until the time of tlieir sub-
jection to the Kings of Syria, of the Seleueidan dynasty, about B. C, 312, wiien
Greek currency, established tln-oughout the East since t'le Macedonian conquest,
circulated also in Judea, initil the tyranny of Antiochus Epiphanes, in B. C. 176,
caused the revolt of Mattathias, the chief priest, when his son Judas Maccabeus,
heading the revolt, eventually re-established the long lost independence of Judea,
and to his successor, Sinion, was conceded by Antiochus, the son of Demetrius,
the right of coining national money, the earliest of which was issued about B. C.
144, in i)ieces of one, two, and four silver shekels, bearing different types, all
relating to tlie ceremonial of Judaic worship.
1. Shekel of Simon Maecaboeus. Obverse, a cup or clialice; legend, ''Shekel
of Israel, rear 2; Reverse, a triple lily; legend, " Jerusaltm the holy.'''' B. C.
144.
"
2. Half-Shekel of Simon Maecaboeus. Obverse, similar to No. 1 ; legend,
" Half-Shekel^ year 2; " Reverse, same as 'No. 1.
3. Copper coin of Simon IMaccaboeus. Obverse, two bunches of thickly-leaved
branches; legend, ''/n the fourth year—one half;'''' Reverse, Palm tree between
two baskets of dates, etc.; legend, " The redemption of Zion.''^
4. Copper coin of Simon Maecaboeus. Obverse, two bundles of branches;
legend, "/a thefourth year—one quarter;^'' Reverse, an ethrog; legend, same as
on No. 3.
5. A Sixth of a Shekel, copper, of Simon Maecaboeus. Obverse, a cup or
chalice; legend, " llie redemption of Zion;''^ Reverse, a Ibundle of branches be-
tween two ethrogs ; legend, '" In thefourth year.''"'
6. Copper coin of Simon, son of Gioras, under the first revolt of the Jews.
Obverse, cluster of grapes, with tlie name"
Simon,''^ alxivc ; Reverse, a pitcherand palm branch
; legend, " Second year of the deliverance of Israel.''''
7. Copper coin of Simon. Obverse, the legend, '*• Simon, Prince of Israel,''^ on
either side of a palm tree; Reverse, the legend, " First year of the redemption of
Israel,''"' aroun.d a vine-leaf.
8. Silver coin of Simon Bar-cochab during the second revolt of the Jews, Ob-verse, legend, " Simon,'''' round a cluster of grapes: Reverse, " The Deliverance
of Jerusalem,^ ^ around two trumpets. The coin was originally a denarius of
Trajan, whicjh has been re-struck.
Widow's Mite.
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cO^
AND THEIR
VALUATION AT UNITED STATES and ENGLISH STAND/J^lDS.
From the latestgovernmental reportsof all countries possessing metallic currency, theirnational
valuation lias been fonipiled and is here given, coniputeil at the standarils of the U. S. andGreat Britain ; any variation from onr plate statements, or those on the U. S. Official Table, are in
conseiiuence of the calculations being made from the sources mentioned. To purchase goods
with this money in the U. S., a loss through discounton the values here given would be sustained;
to buy the coins, a premium, in some cases very high, would have to be paid.
The nations composing the latin union, have equalized their standard for large coins; the
Five Franc pieces of France, Belgium and Switzerland ; the Five Lire of Italy, Five Pesetas andTwenty Reals of Spain, Five Drachmi of Greece, Five Boliviars of Venezuela and Peso of Chili
each weigh 385.808 grains, are 900 fine, and contain 317.227 grains of pure silver, worth 72^8 cents,
U. S., and 3s. -l^od., English standard, the metal being calculated at f 1 per oz. , and 4s. 2d. per oz.,
respectively, and 1000 fine ; their current value is dG}.< cts. ia this country, and 4s. in England.
Chili and Venezuela are not of the Union, but their coinage is regulated by its standard.
To designate the metal in which these coins are minted, g, indicates gold; s, silver, and b, base,
which latter term includes all pieces not struck in gold or sUver,
COUNTRY. COINS. u.
Abyssinia. Haraf, l>
Pataka. s
Afglianistan.
Kwau, s
Mas, .y
Sapeck, b
Africa (Portugal).Maiutra, .s
Algiers. Kial-lioudjou,
Aniiain. Kwaii, s
Mas, .?
Sapeck. ft
Arabia. <_aveer, 6
Diwana, 6
Dollar, Mocha, s
Gass. 6Kriisli, X
Maliiiiudi, sPiaster, .s-
Argentine Republic.
/ La Y'eiitavo, ft
\Plaia.;i»iiza (isiH-iC).j,
<)iiza(l's:«-.")U), yPeso Kuerte, sReal, s
Asia (French), Cash, 6Kaiioii, s
Austria. Ducat, r/
(Hungary), u". Quaar-pl.,j,'
Florin, y" s
New-Kreutzer, 6i^cudo, s
Tlialer, Levantine, s
,1i*Pe<'ies. ft
,,' Vereins, .«
vereins-Kroue, gAzores. Miireis, sBaden. Florin, sBatavia, Rix Dollar, s
Stiver, bBavaria. Caroline, g
D'lil Gulden, sDiieat, (7
Florin, sI.udwig (I'or. !7
Max (POr, .7
Belgium. Centavo, ft
Pranc, *
S. VAL.$ 4 .34
99.96
66.98
6.69.11
5.35( 36 .10
66.98
6 .69
.11
1 .04
.99
83.25
28.85
.951.'>.51 .46
14.6=; .79
iX1.90
10
..52
5.722.28 .28
2.29.16
9.13 .20
48.2341 ..30
.41
1. 2.6099 .96
1. 2 .30
71 .40
0.64 .20
S3 .50
40
1 .56
4.99 .20
81.^2.28 .76
II
,3.43 ..85
3.34 .14
.19
19.30
GT. BRIT. VAL.£ 2s. 17d
4s. Id
2s. 9.49d
3.34d
.Uod
2.67d
6.05d
9.4;id
3.34a
5.0od
.52d
49dod
.12d
2.42a
2.54a
5.18d
48d3. .3s. 10.23(1
3 4.3I><1
4s. Id
5d.16d
2.86d
4.75d
5.25(1
7.25fl
1.50d
9S.
9s.
1.17s.
28.
2S.
14s.
13s.
.20fl
2.8(id
Id
2.15a
3.75d5.5('d
8.5i'(i
Id
7sl6.111(1
5. I2d
4.75rt
8.50a
2(1
9.07(1
.(Kid
9.G5d
COUNTRY. COINS. U
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510
COUSTHY. COIN. rI'iaster, b
Finland. ]Nr^ikka, ,?
I'cuni, b
JFraiice. Centime, b
Franc, sLouis d'Or (1785), g |" (180'J-4U), g
ASIA {'^' ''
German Kinpii-e.
Crown, gDoppelkronc, gKrone, gJ[ark, .«
I'l'ennig, b
Gerinaiiv.UunUlc Thaler, s
'I'lialer, *•
Vereins-Ivrone, g" Tlialer, s
Great Britain.Crown. *
Fartliing. bFlorin, *'
Guinea, gPenny, h
round Sterling, gShilling, *
Sovereign, gGreece.
l>rachmas (20), gDrachma, *
Lepta s
Phoenix, s
Hanover.Ludwig d'Or, g
Hesse-I>arnistaclt.Karolin, g
Hungary. Ducat, g
India. Anna, b
Pice, b
Pie. b
Rupee, s
Ionian Islands.Obolo, 6
Italy. Centisimo, b
Lira, s
Sequin, gSovrauo, gZecchine, g
Japan. Itakaue, gXtzebu, s
Kobang, g" (Imperial), g
Yen, s
Sen, b
Ti-ade Dollars, s
Liberia. Cent, b10 Cent, s
25 Cent, s
Madras, aiohur, g8tar-Pagoda, .s-
Malta. Grano, b
Scudo. .9
Taro, b
Mexico.Doubloon, gPeso, .s'
Real, ,s-
Netlierland (Holland).Cent, b
Double Ducat, g" William, g
Ducat, gFlorin, .v
Hytler, gStiver, b
Norway. Crown, s
Koner, s
Oere, b
Paraguay. Cicntavo, b
Peso, s
Real, s
Persia. Abassee, b
Dinar, b
Dinar-Bistee, 6
Kasbequi, b
. S. VAL.
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^ 511
FRENCH GRAMMES AND ENGLISH GRAINS.COPYRIGHTED BY A. M. SMITH.
This Table exhibits tlie Grammes (French) contained in Grains f"Fnp:lish). rTlip Grnnime is the nnit of
weight in tlie metric system, equivalent to the weight of one cubic . .-iitiiiH-t.-r of liiuv water at its ax umdensity, that is, at a temperature of X)° Fahrenheit, In a vacuum ; It is (•(]uul to 15, 4:r grains avc liic lupois or troy ]
GRAINS
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ESTABLISHED 1851.
piRBECK BANK.—Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane.
THREE PER CENT. INTEREST allowed on
DEPOSITS, repayable on demand.
TWO PER CEXT. INTEREST allowed on CUR-
RENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on the minimum
monthly balances, when not drawn below £50.
The Bank undertakes for its customers, free o^
charge, the custody of Deeds, Writings, and other
Securities and Valuables ; the collection of Bills of
Exchange, Dividends and Coupons ; and the purchase
and sale of Stocks, Shares, and Annuities.
The BIRBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars,
can be obtained post free, on application to
FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager.
March Slst, 1886.
The Birbeck Building Society's Annual
Receipts exceed Five Millions.
HOAV TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO
GUINEAS PER MONTH, with immediate
Possession and no Rent to pay. Apply at the Office of
the Birbeck Building Societv.
HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF LAND FORFIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH, with im-
mediate possession, either for Building or Gardening
purposes. Apply at the Office of the Birbeck Free-
hold Lakd Society.
A Pamphlet, with full particulars, on application.
FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager.
Southampton Buildings, Chancery I^ane, London.
Subscribers and patrons of this work will confer a
favor by sending their address that they may receive
notification of future supplements which may be issued.
Addresses of persons collecting coins, or whoarenumis-
miitically inclined, will be thankfully received by
A. M. SMITH, Publisher,
P. O. Box 754. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
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