7
Rulings related to Salat
Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship Simplifying and Teaching the Rules of Islam
Al-HajjAz- ZakahAs-SaumAs-SalāhAt-Tahara
TranslationKamoldeen Abiodun AJIJOLAKEWUReviewDr. Abdul-Razzaq Abdul Majeed AlaroDr. AbdulRaheem Kajogbola Omoloso
Rulings related to Salat
110 Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
The Chapter of Prayer
Rulings related to the Ṣalāh
1. Praying Sitting Downa. In the Voluntary Ṣalāh The voluntary Ṣalāh of a person from the sitting position is valid, and he receives half of the reward of the one who prays in a standing position. This is due to the Prophet’s saying: “If he prays standing it is better. And whosoever prays in the sitting position has half of the reward of those who stand. And whosoever prays lying down gets half of the reward of those who pray sitting.”(1)
However, if a person prays sitting down due to a valid excuse, he receives the full reward. This is due to the Prophet’s ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص saying: “If a man becomes sick or travels, it is written for him that which he used to do while in good health and not traveling.”(2)
b. In the Obligatory Ṣalāh The obligatory prayer of a person who is able to stand is not valid if it is prayed from a sitting position.
(1) Source: Al-Bukhari.(2) Source: Al-Bukhari.
7C o n t e n t s
Rulings related to the Ṣalāh
1. Praying Sitting Down
2. The Intention
3. Recitation of Surah Fatihah
4. Saying Ameen5. The Places Where the Imam Remains
Silent 6. Reciting Aloud When Making up
Obligatory and Non-Obligatory Ṣalāh
7. Raising Ones Hands
8. Catching the Rak’ah9. Staying Still After Reaching Any
Position10. Moving Ones Tongue When Saying
Anything
11. The Manner of Prostrating
12. Pointing with the Finger
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
nht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
nht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n
1.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
1. Praying Sitting Down
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
Praying Sitting Downa. In the Voluntary Ṣalāh
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
a. In the Voluntary ṢalāhThe voluntary Ṣalāh of a person from the sitting
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
The voluntary Ṣalāh of a person from the sitting position is valid, and he receives half of the reward
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
position is valid, and he receives half of the reward of the one who prays in a standing position. This is
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
of the one who prays in a standing position. This is due to the Prophet’s saying: “
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
due to the Prophet’s saying: “it is better. And whosoever prays in the sitting
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
it is better. And whosoever prays in the sitting position has half of the reward of those who stand.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
position has half of the reward of those who stand. And whosoever prays lying down gets half of the
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
And whosoever prays lying down gets half of the reward of those who pray sitting
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
reward of those who pray sitting
However, if a person prays sitting down due to
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
However, if a person prays sitting down due to a valid excuse, he receives the full reward. This is
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
a valid excuse, he receives the full reward. This is due to the Prophet’s
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
due to the Prophet’s sick or travels, it is written for him that which he
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
sick or travels, it is written for him that which he used to do while in good health and not traveling
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
used to do while in good health and not traveling
b. In the Obligatory Ṣalāh
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
b. In the Obligatory ṢalāhThe obligatory prayer of a person who is able
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
The obligatory prayer of a person who is able to stand is not valid if it is prayed from a sitting
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
to stand is not valid if it is prayed from a sitting position.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
position.
(1)
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
(1) Source: Al-Bukhari.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
Source: Al-Bukhari.(2)
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
(2) Source: Al-Bukhari.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
Source: Al-Bukhari.
7ht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n7
111Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
Rulings related to the Ṣalāh
2. The IntentionSome Rulings Related to the Intention It is not permissible to intend to stop the prayer during the middle of the Ṣalāh; so whosoever intends to stop his prayer, he has actually left the prayer. He must then start his prayer all over again.
Whoever begins his prayer as a voluntary one may not switch his intention to make it an obligatory one.
Whoever has made the intention to pray an obligatory Ṣalāh alone, and then a group comes to pray it, may switch his intention to make the prayer a voluntary one. In this case he finishes two raka’at, and then joins the group.
3. Recitation of Surah Fatihah
It is obligatory for the person praying to recite surah Fatihah, even if he is following the imam in an audible Ṣalāh. It was reported on the authority of ‘Ubadah Ibn As-Samit ,, who said: “We were behind the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص in the Fajr prayer and the Prophet recited, but then he found some difficulty in doing so. When he finished he asked: ‘Perhaps you all recite behind your Imam ?’ We said: ‘Yes it is so, O Messenger of Allah.’ He said: ‘Do not do this, except with the Fatihah as there is no Ṣalāh without the Fatihah.’”(1)
4. Saying Ameen It is Sunnah for each person making the Ṣalāh, whether they are leading, led, praying alone, praying an obligatory prayer or praying a voluntary prayer - in the prayers which are recited aloud and those recited in a soft voice alike. He says it in a soft voice in those prayers which are performed in a soft voice; and says it aloud in those which are recited aloud.
The evidence of this is in the Prophet’s saying: (1) Source: Abu Dawud.
“If the imam says ‘Ameen’, then say ‘Ameen’; for indeed whosoever’s ‘Ameen’ corresponds with that of the angels, their previous sins will be forgiven.”(2)
(2) Source: Al-Bukhari.
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n
The Chapter of Prayer
112 Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
5. The Places Where the Imam Remains Silent
1. Between saying the opening ‘Allahu Akbar’ and the recitation of the Fatihah (in order to recite the opening invocations in a soft voice).
2. It has not been established in the Sunnah that the imam remains silent between the Fatihah and the surah recited after it.
3. A silent moment after ending ones recitation; before bowing (Ruku’).
6. Reciting Aloud when making up Obligatory and Non-Obligatory Ṣalāh
If a person misses a Ṣalāh and he wants to make it up, should he recite it aloud or in a soft voice? It depends on which prayer it is; and not the time in which one makes it up. Therefore if one makes up a prayer normally made aloud, he recites it aloud when making it up during the daytime.
It is Sunnah to recite voluntary prayers in a soft voice except when there is evidence saying that it should be aloud, for example in Taraweeh and the Eclipse Prayer.
7. Raising Ones Hands One raises his hands in the following places:
1. The opening Takbeerah
2. The Takbeerah for Ruku’
3. When standing from Ruku’
4. When standing after the first Tashahhud
8. Catching the Rak’ah If the follower is able to pray the Ruku’ with the Imam (when first entering the congregational prayer), then he is considered to have prayed this entire Rak’ah (unit of prayer). This is due to the Prophet’s saying: “Whoever makes the Ruku’, has caught the Rak’ah.”(1)
(1) Source: Abu Dawud.
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n5.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en5. The Places Where the
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en The Places Where the
1.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
1. Between saying the opening ‘Allahu Akbar’
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
Between saying the opening ‘Allahu Akbar’ and the recitation of the Fatihah (in order to
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
and the recitation of the Fatihah (in order to recite the opening invocations in a soft voice).
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
recite the opening invocations in a soft voice).
2.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
2. It has not been established in the Sunnah that
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
It has not been established in the Sunnah that the imam remains silent between the Fatihah
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
the imam remains silent between the Fatihah and the surah recited after it.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
and the surah recited after it.
3.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
3. A silent moment after ending ones recitation;
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
A silent moment after ending ones recitation; before bowing (Ruku’).
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
before bowing (Ruku’).
6.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
6. Reciting Aloud when
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
Reciting Aloud when
and Non-Obligatory
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
and Non-Obligatory
If a person misses a Ṣalāh and he wants to make
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
If a person misses a Ṣalāh and he wants to make it up, should he recite it aloud or in a soft voice? It
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
it up, should he recite it aloud or in a soft voice? It depends on which prayer it is; and not the time in
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
depends on which prayer it is; and not the time in which one makes it up. Therefore if one makes up
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
which one makes it up. Therefore if one makes up a prayer normally made aloud, he recites it aloud
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
a prayer normally made aloud, he recites it aloud when making it up during the daytime.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
when making it up during the daytime.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
113Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
your bowing. Next rise up until you are balanced while standing, then prostrate until there is serenity in your prostration, and after that raise your head until there is serenity in your sitting. Then do these in all (the remainder of) your Ṣalāh.”(1)
10. Moving Ones Tongue When Saying Anything
It is not enough when reciting the Qur’an or pronouncing At-takbeer and words of Allah’s remembrance to say them just by one’s heart during Ṣalāt. Indeed, it is compulsory to utter the words by at least moving the tongue and lips during the recitation.
(1) Source: Al-Bukhari.
9. Staying Still After Reaching Any Position
It is an integral of the prayer that one remains still for a bit in each of the positions of the prayer. Otherwise the prayer is not valid. This is due to a hadeeth reported on the authority of Abu Hurairah , who said: “The Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص entered the mosque, then a man entered after him and prayed. After that, he went to the Prophet and made Salam to him.Then the Messenger of Allah returned his salutations and thereafter said: “Go ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصback and pray because you have not prayed.” The man returned to pray as he had done before. He then went to the Prophet and greeted him. The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص again answered him and said: “Go back and pray because you have not prayed.”
When this was done three times, the man said: “By He who sent you with the truth, I cannot do better than this. Please teach me.” The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said: “When you stand for Ṣalāh ; you should say ‘Allahu Akbar’, then read from the Qur’an what you can, and then bow until there is serenity in
Rulings related to the Ṣalāh
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n
The Chapter of Prayer
114 Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
11. The Manner of Prostrating Prostration is on seven bones, as evidenced from the Prophet’s ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص saying: “When a servant (of Allah) prostrates, seven parts prostrate with him; his face, his palms, his knees, and his two feet.”(1)
12. Pointing with the Finger The tradition of the Prophet is to point with the (index) finger while reciting at-Tashahud. This is according to the hadeeth reported by Wāil Ibn Hujr ,: “Then he ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص raised his finger and I saw him moving it and supplicating (while pointing) with it.”(2)
(1) Agreed upon.(2) Source: An-Nasaee.
The FeetThe KneesThe PalmsThe Forehead
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n11.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en11.
Prostration is on seven bones, as evidenced from the Prophet’s
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en Prostration is on seven bones, as evidenced from the Prophet’s
prostrates, seven parts prostrate with him; his face, his palms, his knees, and his two feet
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
prostrates, seven parts prostrate with him; his face, his palms, his knees, and his two feet
12.
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
12.The tradition of the Prophet is to point with the (index) finger while reciting at-Tashahud. This is
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
The tradition of the Prophet is to point with the (index) finger while reciting at-Tashahud. This is according to the hadeeth reported by Wāil Ibn Hujr
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
according to the hadeeth reported by Wāil Ibn Hujr moving it and supplicating (while pointing) with itht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n
moving it and supplicating (while pointing) with ithttp
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
http
s://w
ww
.al-f
eqh.
com
/en
115Illustrated Islamic Jurisprudence for the Acts of Worship
One Should Not: - Say the intention aloud
- Add ‘wash-shukr’ after saying ‘Rabbanaa lakal-Hamd’; since this has not been established from the Messenger of Allah (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.)
- Add the word ‘Sayyidunaa’ in the Tashahhud or when saying prayers for the Prophet in Ṣalāh.
- Point the right hand to the right when saying the first salam of the final Salams, and the left hand to the left when saying the second salam.
- Shake hands with others who have just finished praying and saying “Haram”, “Jama’an”, or similar words.
- Say after anyone reads the verse of the Throne after the prayer: “Glory be to Allah, so glorify Him,” or similar acts.
- Wipe the face after supplication and remembrance of Allah (Adhkar)
Rulings related to the Ṣalāh
https://www.al-feqh.com/enht
tps:
//ww
w.a
l-feq
h.co
m/e
n
