• Illustration • Knowledge often results only after

persistent investigation.• Albert Einstein,after a lengthy exa

mination of the characteristics of matter and energy,formulated his famous Theory of Relativity,which now act as a basis for further research in nuclear physics.Using plaster casts of footprints,fingerprints,and stray strands of hair,a detective perniciously pursues the criminal.

• After years of work Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra of some 350,000 stars.Investigation into the causes of polio have provided us with the means for prevention and cure of this dreaded disease only after many years of research.

• As students,we too are determined in our investigation to find,retain,and contribute to the store of human knowledge.

• A. Block comparison or contrast (Subject-by-subject pattern)

• AAABBB 型 , 块状比较• My Home City and New York City

• I. Ambato II. New York

• a. family life a. family life

• b. education b. education

• c. economic situation c. economic situation

Comparison or contrast

• B. Alternating comparison or contrast• (point-by-point pattern) 交替比较 ABABAB 型• The Bright Child and the Dull Child • I. Curiosity and desire to experiment the bright child①• ② the dull child• II. Tolerance of uncertainty and failure the bright child①• ② the dull child III. Willingness to go ahead without complete understa

nding and information. the bright child ①• ② the dull child

• Cause and Effect• China’s Single － Child Policy • Causes: why the policy is adopted.• A.The only-child policy is based on the eco

nomic strength of the country.• B.The only-child policy aims at improving p

eople’s living condition• C.The only –child policy is based on the int

erests of the individual.• (Effects: what effect(s) the policy lead to.)

Exposition

• Selfishness (cause)

• Effects: 1) Selfishness makes him friendless.

• 2) A selfish person can never be really happy.

• 3) Selfishness may very well lead a person to distruction.

Notes

We should avoid the following mistakes ：

• A ． Over-simplifying causes• B. Making a mistake in logic• C.Mistaking direct causes and eff

ects for the indirect ,and the miner for the major

• D.Omitting links in a chain of causes and effects

Classification and Division

Three Types of Parents

• A.the monarch type

• B.the servant type

• C.the friend type

Argumentation

• Five aspects:

• A. A debatable point

• B. Sufficient evidence

• C. Good logic

• D. Good use of the other three types of writing

• E. An honest and friendly attitude

Topics The Entry of Education into Marke

t—Good or Bad?• Is it Wise To Make Friends on Lin

e? （ Chatting on the Internet ）• Should Class Attendance Be Req

uired?• Will Electronic Dictionaries kill Pri

nted Dictionaries? （ rich content,low price ）

Homework

• Write a composition on the following topic in about 200words.

• Should College Students Enter the Stock Market？