FREE I L M o p e n i n g a n e w w i n d o w o f o p p o r t u n i t y o f K n o w l e d g e f o r a l l N e w s L o r d N a z i r A h m e d S y e d F a y y a z H u s s a i n S h a b b i r M u g h a l C l l r J h a n g i r A k h t a r C l l r S h o k a t A l i C l l r Q u r b a n H u s s a i n F i r s t M u s l i m L o r d i n U K P u b l i s h e s Y o r k s h i r e ’ s f i r s t B i - L i n g u a l N e w s p a p e r I L M N e w s ( U r d u / E n g l i s h ) S t a r t e d f i r s t r e l i g i o u s R a d i o R a m a d h a n i n S h e f f i e l d F i r s t M u s l i m D e p u t y L e a d e r o f R o t h e r h a m F i r s t M u s l i m M a y o r o f R o t h e r h a m F i r s t M u s l i m L o r d M a y o r o f S h e f f i e l d First Muslim Lord in UK Publishes Yorkshire’s first Bi-Lingual Newspaper ILM News (Urdu / English) Started first religious Radio Ramadhan in Sheffield First Muslim Deputy Leader of Rotherham First Muslim Mayor of Rotherham First Muslim Lord Mayor of Sheffield C l l r M a z h a r I q b a l F i r s t M u s l i m c a b i n e t m e m b e r o f L a b o u r P a r t y i n S h e f f i e l d First Muslim cabinet member of Labour Party in Sheffield C l l r S h a f a q M o h a m m e d F i r s t M u s l i m , L i b D e m o p p o s i t i o n l e a d e r i n S h e f f i e l d First Muslim, Lib Dem opposition leader in Sheffield MAGAZINE MAGAZINE I s s u e 0 0 1 , O c t 2 0 1 2
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ILM opening a new window of opportunity of Knowledge for allNews
Lord Nazir Ahmed
Syed FayyazHussain
Shabbir Mughal
Cllr Jhangir Akhtar
Cllr Shokat Ali
Cllr QurbanHussain
First Muslim Lord in UK
Publishes Yorkshire’s first Bi-Lingual Newspaper ILM News (Urdu / English)
Started first religiousRadio Ramadhan in Sheffield
First Muslim Deputy Leaderof Rotherham
First Muslim Mayor of Rotherham
First Muslim Lord Mayor of Sheffield
First Muslim Lord in UK
Publishes Yorkshire’s first Bi-Lingual Newspaper ILM News (Urdu / English)
Started first religiousRadio Ramadhan in Sheffield
First Muslim Deputy Leaderof Rotherham
First Muslim Mayor of Rotherham
First Muslim Lord Mayor of Sheffield
Cllr Mazhar Iqbal
First Muslim cabinet member of Labour Partyin Sheffield
First Muslim cabinet member of Labour Partyin Sheffield
Cllr Shafaq Mohammed
First Muslim, Lib Demopposition leader in Sheffield First Muslim, Lib Demopposition leader in Sheffield
MAGAZINE MAGAZINE Issue 001, Oct 2012
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We are constantly charmed by advances in technology, science and education every day. Looking closely we see the attraction of advances and development but on the other hand we also see the world going towards a loss.
Virtues in society appear to have moved back-wards with the advent of selfishness, material-ism, aggression and society dividing into further groups of colour, creed, religion, cast, nation, language and so on. Further divisions can take place in cities, groups and provinces. People and society have been divided by these factors in order to give a social structure and educate and civilise people, by bringing them closer to a common cause.
Old philosophers and scholars, who talked about life and re-search of it, have said that hu-mans are moving towards disad-vantage and injury to mankind.
The United Nations aim to unite nations and the world peace organisation, NATO, claims to be the forerunner for peace. But more wars have been started in the name of peace by these institutions than by aggressive or dangerous people around the world. Yes they have helped to avert danger although not wholly prevented genocide and civil wars, but with agendas based around profit, oil and regional control, wars in the name of peace have been started.The world aspires to end hunger, but instead has ended the feeling of hunger. Today’s advanced nations, if told about hunger, poverty and hun-
ger in the world, leads the new generation to be shocked as if they have been told there is no water on the moon. Many of our youth struggle to understand the notion of hunger and the idea seems so alien to them.
How can we compare crime statistics of a developed country to an undeveloped nation? Undeveloped nations are synonymous with crime which is often a result of poverty and lack of opportunities. Statistics will always highlight a bigger crime ratio in these nations, but if we look a little closer and take out the ideas of advance-ments in policing, the deterrents available to
prevent crime and the number of security and bodyguards, then the equation will give us a clearer picture of the crime in the western world. It’s easy for anyone to picture how the map would look then, but has humanity advanced or rather corrupted society.
ILM magazine aims to raise thoughts in society to educate, and promote health, friendship, behaviour and tolerance. We want to make a positive impact by bringing positive aspects that will help us to learn the
lessons from history but to maintain the balance of respect and value of humanity. We believe that without ethics and virtues, mastery over the sci-ences can not only devoid its value, but hazes the insight. It has been said that, `knowledge is the thickest of veils', which prevents man from seeing reality.
ILM MAGAZINE
ILM MAGAZINE3
CONTENTSOctoberber 2012
www.ilmmagazine.co.uk
The Editor’s Bit ILM magazine is the new venture from ILM Newspaper, it is the first and proper Asianmagazine in your hands. The magazine’s ethos is rooted in BME community.
ILM Newspaper is written, edited, printed and delivered by our team since January 2010 reaching an audience of over 75,000 readership every month.
The ILM team is made up of inspirational, dynamic and committed professionals based in South Yorkshire.
Our new glossy magazine aims to broaden and compliment the newspaper by providing a wealth of additional information on life, events, activities, and services (past, present and future) in our local community.
While our newspaper reaches a broad spectrum of people, the magazine is designed for people who have shared interests and values.
ILM Magazine is mandated to reflect what is happening in our community. We can only do this effectively by interacting with that community.
Therefore contact us with information, comments, and suggestions for items and advertisements, to include in this magazine, ILM newspaper or on our website.
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Global Citizenship, Page 11
Property Corner Page 21
Fatima JinnahPage 24
The Origins of Unrest Kashmir Page 26 - 28
Software PiracyPage 37
Urdu LanguagePage 40 - 42
James Cann InterviewPage 54 & 55
Queen Elizabeth IIPage 62 - 64
Latest Car ReviewsPage 66 & 67
New Species of 2012Page 68 - 69
ILM 1
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We aim and strive to produce a high quality magazine for your pleasure.
The Birth of Pakistan, Page 8
4
108 Fitzwilliam Road Rotherham S65 1PX
Why?If blood is red, why are veins blue?
Blood is bright red in its oxygenated form and a dark red in deoxygenated form. In sim-pler terms, it is bright red when it leaves the lungs full of oxygen and dark red when it re-turns to the lungs for a refill. Veins appear blue because light penetrating the skin is
absorbed and reflected in high ener-gy wavelengths back to the eye.
Higher energy wavelengths are blue.
Why?Why does water not calm the tongue
after eating hot spicy food?
The spices in most of the hot foods that we eat are oily, and, like your primary school science teacher taught you, oil and water don’t mix. In this case, the water just rolls over the oily spices.What can you do to calm your aching tongue? Eat bread.
The bread will absorb the oily spices. A second solu-tion is to drink milk. Milk contains a substance
called “casein” which will bind to the spices and carry them away. Alcohol also
dissolves oily spices.
Why?Why does wet fabric
appear darker?
When fabric gets wet, light coming towards it refracts within the water, dispersing the light. In addition, the sur-face of the water causes inco-herent light scattering. The combination of these two effects causes less light to reflect to your eyes
and makes the wet fabric appear
darker.
Why?Why is blue for boys and pink for girls?
In ancient times, it was believed that cer-tain colors could combat the evil spirits that lingered over nurseries. Because blue was associated with the heavenly spirits, boys were clothed in that color, boys then being considered the most valuable resource to parents. Although baby girls did not have a color associated with them, they
were mostly clothed in black. It was only in the Middle Ages when
pink became associated with baby girls.
Why Facts Don't Stop People from Believing Stupid Stuff?
Cognitive dissonance. We're all guilty of it. Those of us that recognize it and
change our stance are intellectually hon-est, but many cling to their miscon-
ceptions out of fear or pride.
Why?
7
The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on July 18, 1947. The Act created two dominions, Indian Union and Pakistan. It also provided for the complete end of British control over Indian affairs from August 15, 1947. The Muslims of the
Sub-continent had finally achieved their goal to have an independent state for themselves, but only after a long and relentless struggle under the single-minded guidance of the Quaid.The Muslims faced a gamut of problems immediately after independence. However, keeping true to their traditions, they overcame them after a while. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was appointed the first Governor General of Pakistan and Liaquat Ali Khan became its first Prime Minister. Pakistan became a dominion within the British Common-wealth of Nations.The boundaries of Pakistan emerged on the map of the world in 1947. This was accomplished on the basis of the Two-Nation Theory. This theory held that there were two nations, Hindus and Muslims living in the territory of the Sub-continent. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first exponent of the Two-Nation Theory in the modern era. He believed that India was a continent and not a country, and that among the vast population of different races and different creeds,
Hindus and Muslims were the two major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, way-of-life, customs, traditions, culture and historical conditions.The politicization of the Muslim community came about as a consequence of three develop-ments:• Various efforts towards Islamic reform and revival during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.• The impact of Hindu-based nationalism.• The democratization of the government of British India.While the antecedents of Muslim nationalism in India go back to the early Islamic conquests of the Sub-continent, organizationally it stems from the demands presented by the Simla Deputation to Lord Minto, the Governor General of India, in October 1906, proposing separate electorates for the Indian Muslims. The principal reason behind this demand was the maintenance of a separate identity of the Muslim nationhood.
The Birth of Pakistan
8
ILM MAG Page9
In the same year, the founding of the All India Muslim League, a separate political organization for Muslims, elucidated the fact that the Muslims of India had lost trust in the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress. Besides being a Hindu-dominated body, the Congress leaders in order to win grass-root support for their politi-cal movements, used Hindu religious symbols and slogans, thereby arous-ing Muslim suspicions regarding the secular character of the Congress.Events like the Urdu-Hindi contro-versy (1867), the partition of Bengal (1905), and Hindu revivalism, set the two nations, the Hindus and the Muslims, further apart. Re-annulment of the partition of Bengal in 1911 by the British government brought the Congress and the Muslim League on one platform. Starting with the constitutional coop-eration in the Lucknow Pact
(1916), they launched the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Move-ments to press upon the British gov-ernment the demand for constitutional reforms in India in the post-World War I era.
But after the collapse of the Khilafat Movement, Hindu-Muslim antagonism was revived once again. The Muslim League rejected the proposals for-warded by the Nehru Report and they chose a separate path for themselves. The idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of Northern India as pro-posed by Allama Iqbal in his famous Allahabad Address showed that the tes for the Muslims and Hindus was the only solution. The idea was reiterated during the Sindh provincial meeting of the League, and finally adopted as the official League position in the Lahore Declaration of March 23, 1940.Thus these historical, cultural, reli-gious and social differences between the two nations accelerated the pace of political developments, finally leading to the division of British India into two separate, independent states, Pakistan and India, on August 14 & 15, 1947, respectively.
14th AUGUST 1947
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10
E
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GLOBAL CITIZENSHIPWhat is a Global Citizen?Today, every single one of us is a ‘Global Citizen’, whether we are conscious of it or not. Global inter-dependence happens every day. We rely on count-less different people from all over the world for the
clothes we wear, the food we eat and the technol-ogy we use. Our daily lives are constantly affected by what people on the other side of the planet are doing!
‘Global Citizenship’ is a relatively new term, but it is based on ancient concepts. In both Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, a ‘citizen’ was someone who not only ‘belonged’ to a place, but was also someone who played a role in advancing society- someone who made life better.As the theory of ‘citizenship’ developed and inter-action between different countries and cultures increased, several Ancient Greeks and Romans began to call themselves ‘citizens of the world’ (or ‘global citizens’). They started to look at their lives in
a much wider context.These historical definitions show that citizenship has never been simply about ‘belonging’ to a place. It is also about making positive changes, and con-sidering the wider environment. A Global Citizen is someone who cares about themselves, how they act and how their actions impact others, both locally and remotely. A Global Citizen is more importantly, someone who is willing to act if they feel that the world they live in is not what it should be.
Global Citizenship - A New Concept?
The human race is one family. Developing a culture of global citizenship is a universal undertaking. Unity in diversity, not uniformity, is the goal. We need a universal language, a world government, global communications and transportation. Globalization is already well established in our human civilization.
“Global citizenship” applies the whole world to bring peace to the world and the concept of citizenship to a global level and is strongly connected with the concepts of globalization and cosmo-politanism.
World citizenship is a term which can be distin-guished from global citizenship, although some may merge the two concepts. Various ideas about what a global citizen is exist. Global citizenship can be defined as a moral and ethical disposition which can guide the understanding of individuals or groups of local and global contexts, and remind them of their relative responsibilities within various communities. The term was used by U.S. President Barack Obama in 2008 in a speech in Berlin.According to some accounts, citizenship is moti-
vated by local interests (love of family, communal fairness, self-interest), global interests (a sense of universal equality), and concern for fellow human beings, human rights and human dignity. The key belief of global citizenship include respect
for any and all fellow global citizens, regardless of race, religion or creed and give rise to a universal sympathy beyond the barriers of nationality.
When translated into participatory ac-tion, global citizenship entails a respon-sibility to reduce international inequality (both social and economic), to refrain from action which compromises an indi-viduals’ well-being, and avoids contrib-
uting to environmental degradation.
In international relations, global citizenship can re-fer to states’ responsibility to act with the awareness that the world is a global community, by recognizing and fulfilling its obligations towards the global world, as well as the rights of global citizens. For example, states can choose to recognize the right to freedom of movement.continued on p12 .....
Global Citizenship- How Can We Develop It?
The world is my homeland...
Global citizenship is related to the international relations theory of idealism, which holds that states should include a level of moral goodwill in their foreign policy decisions. Within the educational system, the concept of global citizenship education is at times beginning to take over from movements such as multicultural education, peace education, human rights education and international education. Additionally, global citizenship education rapidly incorporates references to the aforementioned movements. The concept of global citizenship has been linked with awards offered for helping humanity.
According to some articles, in this century chil-dren and students are meant to become "global citizens" through their education. This is possible through an integration of the "scientific and tech-nical skills" as well as the "traditional academic disciplines". Teaching citizenship helps people to understand rights and responsibilities - their own and others' - as well as how society works and how they can play an active role.
The UN Convention of the rights of the child states that: ‘All children and young people have the right to have a say in the decisions that affect them, access relevant information and to express their feelings. This statement includes all the children in the world.’
A planned global citizenship education programme can give primary children the knowledge, understanding and skills to play an active part in society as informed, empathetic and critical citi-zens who are socially and morally responsible. It will give young children the confidence and aware-ness they need in order to act with others, to influ-ence and make a difference in their communities and to realise their potential as adults of the future.
Ancient and more recent civilizations are clashing now, because they are coming together. We are conducting ongoing consultations at the United Na-tions and other international organizations. Even the diverse assortment of religious traditions is consulting at global forums. We all have strengths and weaknesses but developing harmony is prov-ing to be difficult. Each culture has a different spec-trum of priorities, be it economic development, fi-nancial, religious, focus on moral values, business, social skills, trade leaders, environmental quality, etc. We can judge for ourselves how much globali-zation we are facing so far, which by my means is not a lot. We only need to look at the distribution of wealth and resources around the world. The lack of it excludes a big percentage of the worlds popula-tion from the concept of global citizenship. Are we really doing our citizen duty to the world? It remains to be seen to what extent we can achieve the utopia of global citizenship.
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In 1801, when the first complete world census was carried out, the world’s population was 1 billion. China had 295 million people, India 131 million, Russia 33 million, France 27 million, Ottoman Empire 21 million, Germany 14 million, Spain 11 million, Britain 10 million, Ireland and the USA 5 million. Today the world population is over the 7 billion mark.
World Population
Your heart beats 101,000
times a day. During your lifetime it will beat about 3 billion times and pump
about 800 million pints (378 million litres) of blood. A normal heart beats 70 to 80 times a minute. Over 70 to 80 years, it gives a
few billion beats. It is the powerful machine inside you.
Heart Beats
Mumtaz Mahal Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled Mumtaz Mahal, “the ornament of the palace”, was the daughter of Asif Khan, brother of Nur Jehan, wife of Mughal emperor Jehangir. In 1612, Arjumand Bano married Shah Jehan, ruler of the Mughal Empire. They had 14 children.In 1631, Mumtaz Mehal died in childbirth at the age of 39. The Mughal emperor, Shah Jehan ordered the building of a marvelous tomb for his beloved wife. The tomb of Mumtaz Mahal is popularly known as Taj Mahal. It is commonly considered as the most perfect example of the Mughal style and the most beautiful building in the world.The entire mausoleum is made of marble. The exterior is paved with semiprecious stones arranged in Arabic inscriptions and floral designs. The interior is lavishly decorated in lapis, turquoise, agate, jasper, and colored marble. The surrounding garden contains four water channels. It took 20,000 workers, 1,000 elephants and nearly 20 years to complete this monument.Little is known of personal character of Mumtaz Mehal. She must have possessed uncommon charm and character to merit a magnificent memorial, such as no other lady in the world has ever won.
Sheffield gets its name from the River Sheaf and the old English word feld, which meant open land without trees. The River Sheaf, in turn is believed to get its name from the old word sceaf meaning boundary. So it was the boundary river.
The town of Sheffield was founded in the early 12th century by the Lord of the manor, William de Lovetot. He built a castle on the site of Castle Market. It was on an easily defended site as it had a river on the north and east. The castle had a moat on the south and west. In 1266 rebels burned Sheffield castle but it was rebuilt in 1270. The Lord also built a church on the site of Sheffield cathedral.
A little town grew up between the castle and the church. That often hap-pened in the Middle Ages. The garrison of the castle provided a market for the townspeople's goods. Sheffield only had a population of a few hundred. It would seem tiny to us but settlements were very small in those days. A typical village had only 100 or 150 inhabitants.
Medieval Sheffield would seem more like a village than a town to us. Many of the people in the town were at least part-time farmers. They tilled the fields around the town.Wool was made in Sheffield in the Middle Ages. After it was woven the wool was fulled. That means it was pounded in a mixture of clay and water to clean and thicken it. Wooden hammers worked by watermills pounded the wool. Afterwards it was dyed. The first cutler in Sheffield was men-tioned at the end of the 13th century.
In 1297 Sheffield was given a charter (a document granting the townspeo-ple certain rights). Sheffield was given the right to have a weekly market and an annual fair. In the Middle Ages fairs were like markets but they were held only once a year. People would come from all over South York-shire to attend a Sheffield fair.
By the 14th century Sheffield was beginning to be known for cutlery. In 1340 the king made an inventory of his possessions in the tower of Lon-don. These included a knife from Sheffield. About 1380 Chaucer men-tioned a Sheffield 'thwitel' (general purpose knife) in his Canterbury Tales.
However there were several other towns noted for cutlery. Sheffield was by no means the most important. Furthermore some of the cutlers in Sheffield may have been part time farmers. In a small market town like Sheffield there were many other trades apart from cutler such as butcher, baker, brewer, carpenter, blacksmith and shoemaker.
Sheffield in the 16th and 17th CenturyBishop's House was built at the end of the 15th century or beginning of the 16th century. It got its name because it is supposed to have been the house where two brothers, John and Geoffrey Blythe lived. Both brothers became bishops. In the 16th century Sheffield became far more famous for its cutlery. Before 1500 watermills were adapted to grinding tools and the cutlery trade boomed. By 1600 Sheffield was the main town in England (apart from London) for cutlery.
Nevertheless there were several other trades in Sheffield apart from cutler e.g. there were weavers of wool and horners (men who made things like spoons from cow horn). In 1617 a survey showed Sheffield had a popula-tion of 2,207. By the standards of the time it was a respectably sized town though it was by no means large. Despite the booming cutlery trade there
was a great deal of poverty in Sheffield. The survey showed 725 people, about a third of the population were ‘not able to live without the charity of their neighbours. They are all begging poor’. There were also many people living just above the poverty line. The survey found 160 householders who ‘though they beg not are not able to abide one fortnight’s sickness but they would be thereby driven to beggary’. In 1628 a workhouse where the destitute could live and be put to work was built in Sheffield.
In 1624 the Company of Cutlers was formed with power to mark artefacts if they reached a certain quality. In 1638 the first Cutlers House was built. In 1603 Thomas Crowland left money in his will to build a grammar school.
In 1642 came civil war between king and parliament. In October that year parliamentary soldiers occupied the castle but they abandoned it when a royalist army approached. The royalists took Sheffield castle and the town without a fight. However in August 1644 the parliamentarians counterat-tacked. The royalists made no attempt to defend the town but they tried to hold Sheffield castle. However it was forced to surrender after a short siege. In 1648 Sheffield Castle was destroyed to prevent it ever falling into royalist hands again.
By the late 17th century the population of Sheffield had probably risen to about 5,000. There was increasing specialisation of trade. As well as cut-lers there were file smiths, scythe smiths, sickle smiths, woolshears smiths and awl-blade smiths.
Sheffield in the 18th CenturyIn 1707 a boys charity school was founded. Earl Gilbert’s ‘hospital’ (alm-
shouses) was built in 1721. In 1762 assembly rooms were built were card games and balls could be held. The first theatre in Sheffield was built in 1763.Sheffield grew rapidly. A survey in 1763 showed it had a population of over 10,000. By the standards of the time Sheffield was a large town. In 1768 it was described as ‘very large and populous but exceedingly dirty and ill paved’. Sheffield had a reputation as a grimy industrial town.
In the 18th century Sheffield’s industries boomed. Sheffield was noted for its iron industry. In the early 1740s a man named Benjamin Huntsman invented a way of making better quality steel called crucible steel. Another inventor named Thomas Bolsover discovered a way of plating copper with silver. This silver plate was, of course, cheaper than silver and was very popular for things like candlesticks and teapots. In 1773 Sheffield was given its own silver assay office. In the 1750s a lead mill was built in Sheffield and about 1760 a silk mill was built. (It was later converted to a cotton mill).
Communications improved in the 18th century. By 1751 the River Don was made navigable all the way to Sheffield. Furthermore an infirmary was built in Sheffield in 1797.
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HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD
Sheffield in the 19th CenturyIn 1801, at the time of the first census Sheffield had a population of over 31,000. By the standards of the time it was a large town. By 1851 it had grown to over 135,000. Like all Victorian towns Sheffield was dirty and unsanitary. However even for the time Sheffield had a reputation as a grimy and dirty town (not surprising considering its heavy industries). In 1832 there was an epidemic of cholera in Sheffield which killed 402 people.
However not all the houses in Sheffield were slums. In the early 19th century a middle class suburb was built west of the town around Glossop Road.
In the working class areas of Sheffield the worst houses were back-to-backs. These houses were literally joined back to back without even an alley between them. In 1864 the authorities forbade the building of many more such houses. However those that had already been built remained.
There were, nevertheless some improvements in Sheffield during the 19th century. In 1818 an Act of Parliament formed a body of men called the Improvement Commissioners with powers to pave and clean the streets of Sheffield. They also formed a police force. From 1818 the streets of Shef-field were lit by gas.
The first cemetery in Sheffield opened in 1836. In 1830 a corn exchange where grain could be bought and sold was opened (it was later rebuilt).
In 1832 a dispensary opened in Sheffield where the poor could obtain free medicines. The present Cutlers Hall was built in 1832. In 1836 the Botani-cal Gardens opened. At first they were privately owned but the council purchased them in 1898.
In 1843 Sheffield was given a charter (a document giving the townspeople certain rights). From then on Sheffield had an elected town council, which gradually took over the powers of the old Improvement Commissioners. Sheffield was made a city in 1893. The Town Hall was built in 1897.
Ruskin Gallery was founded in 1875 and Mappin Art Gallery opened in 1887.
In the early 19th century a private company provided piped water. In 1859 they built a dam across Dale Dike. On March 11 1864 this dam burst. As a result 240 people drowned in Sheffield. The council took over the water
supply in 1887. In the 1870s the council built sewers and drains. At first raw sewage was pumped into rivers but in 1886 a sewage treatment plant was built.
Life in 19th century Sheffield gradually improved. The first public library in Sheffield was built in 1856. From 1873 horse drawn trams ran in the streets. In 1899 the first electric trams ran in the streets of Sheffield.
During the 19th century the old industries like iron continued to boom. Then in 1856 Henry Bessemer invented a way of producing better qual-ity steel. In 1858 he began producing steel in Sheffield. Button making flourished. However in 1840 a way was found to make silver plate by electroplating replacing the old Sheffield plate. Cutlery continued to be the dominant industry in Sheffield.
Sheffield in the 20th CenturyBy 1900 the population of Sheffield was over 400,000. This was partly due to boundary changes. In 1921 the boundaries were extended to include Handsworth and Wadsley. In 1935 they were altered to include Totley, Dore, Beauchief and Greenhill.
Sheffield University was founded in 1905 and the first cinema in Shef-field was built in 1910. Then in 1913 the first stainless steel was cast in Sheffield. In 1916 Sheffield was bombed by German zeppelins leaving 28 people dead.
After World War I the heavy industries of Sheffield entered a recession. There was severe unemployment in the city in the 1920s and 1930s. How-ever that era also marked the beginning of large-scale slum clearance. The first council houses were built in Sheffield at that time. Meanwhile Graves Art Gallery opened in 1934.
During the Second World War 589 people were killed in Sheffield by Ger-man bombing and nearly 3,000 houses were destroyed. In the 1950s and 1960s slum clearance in Sheffield continued. Many new council houses were built in estates like Gleadless Valley. Council flats were built at Park Hill and Hyde Park. In the 1950s and 1960s many Asian and West Indian immigrants came to Sheffield. Towards the end of the 20th century the 'satellite' communities of Dronfield, Mosborough, Chapeltown and Stocks-bridge grew rapidly.
Castle Market shopping centre was built in 1959. Meadow Hall shopping centre was built in 1990. Meanwhile in 1985 the Fire/Police museum opened in Sheffield. The traditional industries in Sheffield such as iron, steel and cutlery declined in the 20th century. (Although there is still an important industry making surgical instruments). As in other cities there was a shift away from employment in manufacturing industries to jobs in service industries.
Sheffield Museum of Popular Music opened in 1991 and the Sheffield Supertram began operating in 1994. Sheffield City Airport opened in 1997.
Sheffield in the 21st CenturyIn the 21st century Sheffield is thriving and it is growing rapidly. Millennium Galleries opened in 2001 and the National Ice Centre opened in 2003. Also in 2003 the Winter Garden opened. Millennium Square in Sheffield opened in 2006. Today the population of Sheffield is 552,700.
19Picture of Supertram at High Street - Sheffield Picture of Piece Garden Old Town Hall- Sheffield
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B A N Q U E T I N G
PROPERTY CORNER by: Mohammed Mahroof BSc (Hons) MRICS Consultant
Mark Jenkinson & SonBUYING A HOUSE
WHAT PRICE PEACE OF MIND?
A GUIDE TO RESIDENTIAL SURVEYS AND VALUATIONS
In this article I am going to concentrate on the technical side of surveying, and in particular, residential surveys and valuations. Most readers will resonate with this, as most of you will have either bought or sold a house.In many people's minds there are a lot of misconceptions about the reasons for aresidential survey and valuation, with many buyers either not understanding or notbothering with a survey. The misconceptions are:“A survey is like a guarantee.”“A survey is purely a way to find reason to re-duce the house price.”“A survey enables the surveyor to find trivial problems for a big fee.”“If I've got my mortgage arranged I don't need a survey.”All these statements are wrong.A Homebuyer's Report or a building condition report is provided to minimise the chances of a buyer finding unpleasant surprises if defects in property come to light after purchase. A report will provide peace of mind. There are many defects which an un-trained person may not spot. But there are common defects which are very expensive to rectify – such as dry rot, wet rot, damp, structural problems. There are times when
you hear of horror stories where people have bought properties and have been burdened with substantial bills for problems they did not expect. Therefore, money spent on a survey is a good investment because a house pur-chase would be one of biggest transactions in your life.The survey should be carried out by a char-tered surveyor with expertise in residential property. Just as a side note, it takes 5-6 years to qualify as a chartered surveyor, and many years of experience to be regarded as an expert.Now moving on to the types of residential sur-veys and valuations you can commission.RICS Homebuyers ReportA survey concentrating on urgent and significant items, providing a concise reportincluding an overall opinion and valuation, suitable for standard construction properties. This is arguably the most common survey that is commissioned.Building SurveyThis is a more detailed survey and report format, including comments on construction, repair and maintenance which includes a photographic appendix and valuation ifrequired. This survey is suitable for most ages and type of property and can take up to a day to carry out, so it is very comprehensive.Pre-sale ReportA limited inspection and report, to highlight is-sues likely to be raised on a prospectivepurchasers mortgage valuation inspection, to enable these to be addressed if appropriate.Valuation Report
This is a limited report which will give you a value but it is unlikely to comment any further. This is suitable for people who are competent in the property market and would an opinion on value for peace of mind.There are many other types of valuations which not many people will have had cause to come across. These are:i) acquisition valuationsii) probate valuationsiii) matrimonial/partnership proceedingsiv) taxationv) Charities Actvi) sales by auction and tendervii) compulsory purchase valuationsviii) valuations for bank purposesClearly this is not an exhaustive list and there are other types of valuations.The question you need to ask is, is it worth spending anything between £50,000 to£1,000,000 and not getting a survey for a fee of between £500 - £2,500. Most peoplewould agree that this is a no-brainer but the reality is that many people do not have asurvey carried out which can lead to major problems in the future. Good advice would be to have a survey carried out.This is only a short guide. For further advice please contact a chartered surveyor.In future articles I will talk about other types of surveys and valuations, to includedevelopment appraisals, rent reviews and lease renewal, investment appraisals and many more.If you want to contact me please call me on 0114 2760151/0787 901 5095 or through ILM.
Specialist in 22 & 24 Carat GOLD
85a EMPIRE ROAD
SHEFFIELD S7 1GJ
0114 2 556 999
RAHEEM
JEWELLERS
RJ
We look at pictures of the earth from space and we predominantly see our planet abundant with water. Sadly we take this abundance for granted and waste water without a second thought. But imag-ine if the water which comes out of our taps sud-denly became a scarce commodity. Then would we realise how precious water is to life from the roots in the ground to the beings we are. Water if vital for survival. Water brings life, health and vitality to every aspect of our day-to-day lives, so treat this precious but taken-for-granted resource with respect and make the most of every drop.
WHY SAVE WATER?
We are more aware of our environment than ever. Changes in weather patterns and the effects of climate change may impact on water resources in the future. We all need to consider our impact on the environment and if we reduce the amount
of water we waste we can also save energy and money.
We don’t intentionally waste water but uncon-sciously we are not making any effort to be aware of our actions and how this leads to waste.
HOW CAN I SAVE WATER?
We all waste water…. just think about how long the tap is left running each time we clean our teeth or use a hosepipe, when we wash our car. By making a few small changes to our habits, we can help save water, not by going short or without, but by cutting out waste and unnecessary use.
Water-saving doesn’t require drastic measures, huge expense or big shifts in the way we do things. Start at the beginning with small incremental steps, get to understand how much water these steps save (and how much extramoney you’ll have in your pocket), then take onmore water-saving measures.
SAVING WATER The Future is our Responsibility TodaySAVING WATER
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By: N SYED
* Enjoy a short shower instead of a boring bath!
* Replace your shower head with a water efficient one!
* When you use your dish washer or washing ma-chine, make sure they are full before you press go and use the ‘eco’ wash option if available. If you are looking to replace your appliance, the Energy Saving Recommended logo will help you find the products that will save you money and use less water!
* If you do not have a dish washer, try filling your sink with hot water twice a day to wash the dishes instead of having your hot tap running continuously.
* When making that cup of tea or coffee, try only filling the kettle to the amount of water you will use.
* Who is guilty of leaving the tap running whilst brushing your teeth? Would you believe that you waste more than 6 litres of water a minute when doing this, so turn that tap off and concentrate on those teeth!
* Apart from being a noise nuisance, a dripping tap can waste more than 5,000 litres of water a year, so don’t be lazy, replace those dodgy parts as soon as possible!
* Try reusing water, instead of pouring a glass of unfinished water down the sink. How about water-ing your indoor plants or watering them with the cool water you usually waste from when you first turn on the hot tap.
* Collecting rain from your roof can be a great way of saving water! You could wash your car with it and how’s about using a good old fashioned bucket and sponge too? Elbow grease will always be a lot more energy efficient than a jet wash or energy wasting car washes.
* Finally, share these water saving tips with your family and friends
PUT ALL THIS IN PERSPECTIVEWater is a global resource, whether we choose to accept it or not. Of all the water in the world, only
3% is fresh, and of this only 10% is available for human use. The rest is frozen in glaciers or polar ice caps, or deep within the earth beyond our reach.
Consider how much water is needed to grow what we eat and drink. It takes:
Between 2,000 and 5,000 litres of water to grow one kilo of rice
Over 1,000 litres of water to grow a kilo of wheat
Between 2,000 and 11,000 litres of water to grow the feed for enough meat to make a half-pound hamburger
Between 2,000 and 4,000 litres of water for that cow to fill its udders with a litre of milkIt may seem what we do not need to scrimp and save in this country, but it is our duty to use good practices to save water.
Miss Fatima Jinnah, younger sister of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was born in 1893. Of his seven brothers and sisters, she was the closest to the Quaid. Jinnah became her guardian upon the death of their father in 1901. Due to her brother’s keen interest, and despite strident family opposition, Miss Fatima received excellent early education. She joined the Bandra Convent in 1902. In 1919 she got admitted to the highly competitive University of Calcutta where she attended the Dr. Ahmad Dental College. After she qualified, Jinnah went along with her idea of opening a dental clinic in Bombay and helped her set it up in 1923.
Miss Fatima Jinnah initially lived with her brother for about eight years till 1918, when he got married to Rutanbai. Upon Rutanbai’s death in February 1929, Miss Jinnah wound up her clinic, moved into Jinnah’s bungalow, and took charge of his house; thus beginning the life-long companionship that lasted till Jinnah’s death on September 11, 1948. In all, Miss Jinnah lived with her brother for about 28 years, including the last 19 tiring years of his life. The Quaid would discuss various problems with her, mostly at the breakfast and dinner table. Paying tribute to her sister, the Quaid once said, “My sister was like a bright ray of light and hope whenever I came back home and met her. Anxieties would have been much greater and my health much worse, but for the restraint imposed by her”.
Miss Jinnah not only lived with her brother but also accompanied him on his numerous tours. In 1932, she joined him in London when he remained there after the Second Round Table Conference.When the All India Muslim League was being
organized, Miss Fatima Jinnah was taken on as a member of the Working Committee of the Bombay Provincial Muslim League, and worked in that capacity until 1947.In March 1940, she attended the Lahore session of the Muslim League. Fatima was convinced that the Hindus intended to subjugate and dominate the Muslims completely. It was primarily due to her initiative that the All India Muslim Women Students Federation was organized in February 1941 at Delhi.During the transfer of power in 1947, she was an inspiration to Muslim women.
She formed the Women’s Relief Committee, which later formed the nucleus for the All Pakistan Women’s Association. She also played a significant role in the settlement of refugees in the new state of Pakistan.
Fatima Jinnah
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Despite her old age, she continued to help social and educational associations. During the Quaid’s illness, she remained passionately attached to him. After his death, she often issued important statements on important occasions, as a reminder to the nation of the ideals on which Pakistan had been established.In 1965, Miss Fatima Jinnah ran for President as a candidate of the Combined Opposition Party. Even a conservative party like the Jamaat-i-Islami accepted her as a woman presidential candidate. Miss Jinnah’s greatest advantage was that she was sister of the Founder of Pakistan and had been detached from the political conflicts that had plagued Pakistan after the Founder’s death. The sight of this dynamic lady moving in the streets of big cities, and even in the rural areas of a Muslim country, was both moving and unique. She proclaimed her opponent presidential candidate, Ayub Khan, a dictator. Miss Jin-nah’s line of attack was that by coming to terms with India on the Indus Water dispute, Ayub had surrendered control of the rivers over to India. Her campaign generated such tremendous public enthusiasm that most of the press agreed that if the contest were by direct election, she would have won against Ayub. It seems that the thought of doing a biography of her illustrious brother came to Miss Jinnah about the time when Hector Bolitho’s “Jinnah Creator of Pakistan” was first published in 1954. It was felt that Bolitho had failed to bring out the political aspects of Jinnah’s life in his book. Miss Jinnah started looking for a Pakistani author to do a biography of the Quaid. G. Allana was her choice. G. Allana assisted Miss Jinnah on the as-signment but they parted company due to reasons undisclosed. Later both carried on their independent works on Jinnah. Her book “My Brother” was published by the Quaid-i-Azam Academy in 1987.The people of Pakistan hold Miss Fatima in high es-teem. Due to her selfless work for Pakistan, the na-tion conferred upon her the title of Madar-i-Millat, or “Mother of the Nation”. She died in Karachi on July 8, 1967. Some historians indicate that the date of her death was actually July 2, 1967. Following are excerpts from some of her statements. Madar-i-Millat’s Message to the Nation on Eid-ul-Azha, 1967: “The immediate task before you is to face the problem and bring the country back on the right path with the bugles of Quaid-i-Azam’s mes-sage. March forward under the banner of star and the crescent with unity in your ranks, faith in your mission and discipline. Fulfill your mission and a great sublime future awaits your enthusiasm and action. Remem-ber: ‘cowards die many times before death; the valiant never taste death but once.’ This is the only course of action which suits any self-respecting people and cer-tainly the Muslim Nation.”
Madar-i-Millat’s Message to the Nation on Eid-ul-Azha, 1965: “Let us sink all our differences and stand united together under the same banner under which we truly achieved Pakistan and let us demonstrate once again that we can, united, face all dangers in the cause of glory of Pakistan, the glory that the Quaid-i-Azam envisaged for Pakistan.”Madar-i-Millat’s Message to the Nation on Quaid-i-Azam’s Birthday, 25 December,1963:“The movement of Pakistan which the Quaid-i-Azam launched was ethical in inspiration and ideological in content. The story of this movement is a story of the ideals of equality, fraternity and social and economic justice struggling against the forces of domination, exploitation, intolerance and tyranny”.
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Cradled in the lap of majestic mountains of the Himalayas, Kashmir is the most beautiful place on earth. On visiting the Valley of Kashmir, Jehangir, one of the Mughal emperors, is said to have ex-claimed: “If there is paradise anywhere on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here.” Kashmir, the “Para-dise on Earth”, is known for its captivating beauty. It is encircled by three mountain ranges of the Himalayas- Karakoram, Zanaskar and Pir Panjal, running from northwest to northeast. Forming the backdrop of Kashmir, these snowcapped ranges make Kashmir look like a picture straight out of a fairytale. Dazzling rivers, serene lakes, splendid gardens, flowering meadows, etc are some other features of the landscape of the Kashmir valley. The breathtaking beauty of Kashmir has earned it the name of the “Switzerland of the East”.
This land of beauty enjoyed peace for long periods but has had its share of conflict long before India and Pakistan took to arms over it Kashmir was inhabited by the Brahmins when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries of Asoka in 274bc. Various Hindu dynasties ruled over the area for many centuries. By 1001 Muslim armies raided the area sporadically but never managed to conquer it. The last Hindu king was replaced by Shams-ud-Din in 1346, whose dynasty ruled until 1586 when the Moghul (Persian for Mongol) emperor Akbar conquered Kashmir to firmly establish Muslim influence. Akbar was grandson of Babur, who had established the most influential of all the Muslim dynasties in India (in 1526). Akbar tolerated local religions and married a Hindu princess. (Akbar’s grandson, Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.) In 1752 Afghanistan leader Ahmed Shah Durrani defeated the Mughals and annexed Kashmir. Disputes
between Muslims and Brahmin Hindus flared up, a situation that persisted and today is the prime cause of conflict in Kashmir.
In 1819 Sikh Ranjit Singh conquered Kashmir, but his disorganised empire fell to the British in 1846 when they took control of Punjab. Kashmir was then sold to the self-entitled Maharajah (Indian King) Ghulab Singh of Jammu for 7.5 Million rupees (app us$166) under the Treaty of Amritsar. Ghulab Singh also brought Ladakh, Zanskar, Gilgit and Baltistan under his control. A succession of Maharajahs followed, marked by several uprisings by the Kashmiri people, of whom a large percent-age was now Muslim. In 1889 Maharajah Pratap Singh lost administrative authority of Kashmir due to worsening management of the frontier region.
The British restored full powers to the Dogra rule only in 1921. Meanwhile in India, the freedom movement gained strength under Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s leadership. (The Indians gave him the name “Mahatma” meaning “Great soul”.) The call for freedom soon echoed in several princely states, particularly Kashmir. After a mass uprising against Hari Singh in 1931, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah formed Kashmir’s first political party, the All Jammu & Kashmir Muslim onference in 1932. In 1934 the Maharajah gave way and allowed limited democracy in the form of a Legislative Assembly. The Muslim high priest of the Kashmir Valley, Mirwaiz Maulvi Yusuf Shah, joined in the Conference rally, but when it became apparent that he was accepting a monthly stipend from the Maharajah, Sheikh Abdullah steered away from the Muslim Conference to a secular base and formed the National Conference in 1939,
The Origins of Unrest: Kashmir
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ILM MAG Page27
comprising Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.
In 1947, Mahatma Ghandi led the Indian continent to independence from the British in a remarkable display of perseverance. But it came at great cost. While Gandhi was leading a largely Hindu move-ment, Mohammed Ali Jinnah was fronting a Muslim one. Jinnah advocated the division of India into two separate states, Muslim and Hindu.
When the British left, the Muslim League created the separate states of Pakistan (from the West Pakistan province in India) and Bangladesh. Violence erupted when Muslims and Hindu minori-ties were stranded in various areas, and within a few weeks half a million people had died. The British returned to help restore order. The area reached stability, except for Kashmir. During the time of partition of India in 1947, Jammu & Kash-mir was one of some 560 Princely States, which were not part of the territories under British rule but owed sovereignty to the British Crown. The rulers of these states were given the choice to freely join either India or Pakistan, or to remain independent. On 19 July 1947 the Muslim Conference gave their verdict against India, opting for independence. By 15 August deadline, Maharajah Hari Singh hesi-tated, and by default the State of Jammu & Kash-mir became independent. By this time, Jammu & Kashmir was a divided state, with friction between the Muslims and the Hindi. The Maharajah, fearing tribal warfare, then agreed to join India through an Instrument of Accession on 26th October 1947.
Since, this Instrument of Accession has remained an issue of dispute between India and Pakistan, the latter disputing the validity of the documents,
also pointing out that India has never allowed the referendum that the Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, called for on 27th October 1947.
Unrest excalated between hindus and muslims, and between those who favoured to be a part of India and those who didn’t. Pakistan infiltrated and moved as far as Ladakh in the eastern part of Kashmir. They had control over one third of Kashmir, so India sent in troops to evict them at Srinagar airfield on 27 October 1947, and heavy fighting continued throughout 1948. The ceasefire of 1st January 1949 created the first Line-of-Control in Jammu & Kashmir, separating the area: the east (the valley of Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh) guarded by Indian troops, the west (known as ‘Azad [Free] Kashmir’), administered by Pakistan.
The UN has maintained a presence in the disputed area since 1949. In 1957 the State of Jammu & Kashmir was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new Constitution. In 1965, heavy fighting broke out again, with India capturing the valley between the Dras and Suru rivers. They returned the area in agreement with Pakistan, but recap-tured it when civil war broke out in East Pakistan in 1971. In 1987, The Muslim United Front was formed and lobbied and won the right to hold elec-tions in Kashmir in 1989. Only a small percentage of people turned out for the voting, putting the National Conference in pow-er. By the end of that year there was a renewed struggle for the freedom of Kashmir. The number of armed separatists grew from hundreds to thou-sands, the most prominent being the pro-Pakistani Hizbul- Mujahideen.
The Origins of Unrest: Kashmir
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ILM MAG Page28The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (jklf) was the largest proindependence group, but its influ-ence is thought to have waned. Other groups have joined under the umbrella of the Hurriyat (Free-dom) Conference, which campaigns peacefully for an end to India’s presence in Kashmir. India dis-solved the state government and placed the state in direct control of the governor.
From January 26, 1990 onward, Kashmiris faced almost continuous curfew for 8 months as martial law was imposed. More than half-amillion Indian troops patrol Kashmir. In May 1999, India mounted a military attack in response to the presence of Pakistan backed Muslim insurgents over the line of control.
It was infact a meticulously calculated plan by the Pakistani Army to capture mountainous areas the Indian Army believed to be to deserted to even have a military presence there, They took advan-tage of the large gaps that exist in the defences in the sector of Kargil. The conflict escalated in Kargil, Dras and Batalik, three sectors whose heights command positions threatening the vital highway between Srinagar and Ladakh. Situated
in a valley between the Dras and Suru rivers and dominated by mountains on all sides, Ladakh lies at an altitude of about 2100m (7000ft), making it the highest battlefield on earth. In the end, the Pakistani fighters were pushed back behind to their original positions behind the loc.
Western governments demanded Pakistan to withdraw immediately. They pressured diplomacy as the biggest threat was that both countries had nuclear weapons. The risks of war in Kashmir are frightening. Apart from the severe economic cost on all parties involved, India and Pakistan are tied in a race of nuclear capabilities.
When the subcontinent was divided in 1947, Ma-hatma Gandhi proclaimed that Kashmir stood out of the circle of holocaust as a “shining example” of “secularism”. Today, both the Indian and Pakistan governments toss words such as “ethnic cleans-ing” at each other, yet both India and Pakistan still reject independence for Kashmir. Amnesty Interna-tional and Human Rights Watch have pointed out human rights abuses on both sides.
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El Paso is located in the centre of Sheffield andoffers a fine variety of cuisine with the very best
Italian and Mexican food being the order of the day.
Having been in business for 20 years, the restauranthas recently been given a fantastic refurbishment
to become a modern and contemporary venue withexposed brick walls and comfortable leather seating.
Welcome to
8 cumberland street, Sheffield(bottom of the Moor)
0114 2739523www.elpasorestaurant.co.uk
Car park to the rear of the building
FunctionRoom/Disco
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more details
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DeliveryServiceNOW
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ILM MAG Page22
Although Pakistan is a relatively new 'country', the Indus River region where it's situate, is referred to as a cradle of civilization with archaeologists having found fossils of Homo sapiens in the area which date back 50,000 years. Located in South West Asia and having borders with Afghanistan and Iran to the west, India to the East and China to the north, Pakistan straddles the natural trade route between central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Ancient times, History and influences on Pakistani cookingThe region now known as Pakistan was invaded and re-invaded over the years, starting with the Aryans from Central Asia around 1,700 BC, who displaced the Indus Civilization and brought Hinduism to the region, to the Persians in the 6th Century BC, Alexander the Great and the Sassanians. It became part of the Mogul Em-pire in 1526, bringing Muslim rule and influences, and. During this period various styles of cooking evolved and remain to this day including Moghlai', tandoori, and murgh musallum'. It fell to British rule in the 1800's and 1947 saw the realisation of independent states (east and west Pakistan) with present day Pakistan emerging in 1956.
Much of its cuisine has been 'Indianised' throughout the 5,000-year history of the India-Pakistan subcontinent. The cuisine in the regions of Punjab, Sindh and Muhaj are clear examples of this, however Pakistani Pashtuns and Baluchese have retained their roots in Afghan-Iranian cooking.Current day Pakistani CuisineLargely due to religious prohibitions - no pork for Mus-lims and no beef for Hindus - lamb and mutton were and are the most common meats used. Wheat and rice are the main staple of the Pakistani diet as is Roti, naan and Paratha which are all kinds of flat-breads. Most kitchens will have a rimless iron pan that is used to cook Roti and paratha.Seasonal vegetables and lentils are also commonly used. Families with larger incomes eat more meat eggs, and fruits. And the more affluent cook with ghee, which is clarified butter, instead of with vegetable oil. The imaginative, and sometimes extreme use of spices, herbs and seasonings has transformed the otherwise plain staple foods into exotic concoctions. Chili powder, turmeric, garlic, paprika, cumin seed, bay leaf, corian-der, cardamom, cloves, ginger and saffron are amongst the many herbs and spices widely used.
PAKISTANI CUISINE AND RECIPES
Shahi Chicken
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PAKISTANI CUISINE AND RECIPES
30mins Serves 4 as a main course or 8 as a side
Ingredients1kg/2.2lb Okra1 tbsp Salt1 tbsp Chopped Red Chilies1 tbsp Khatai (mango) Powder1 tbsp Cumin PowderOil for deep frying
Instructions1. Preheat the oil to 180C/350F. Trim the okra and make a slit down one side but not all the way through.
2. In a small mixing bowl, mix together the remaining ingredients. Using a spoon, fill in the okra with some of the spice mixture.
3. Fry the okra in batches for a few minutes until crisp. Serve hot with rice or flatbreads e.g. roti, chapatti, naan or paratha.
Instructions 1. Place cashew nuts in small bowl, cover with hot water and leave to soak for 30 minutes.
2. Meanwhile, heat the oil in a saucepan, add the on-ions and fry until golden brown. Add the garam masala, chili powder, coriander powder, turmeric powder, garlic and ginger, to the pan and fry, stirring for 1-2 minutes. 3. Add the chicken and fry for 2-3 minutes, turning to coat well. 4. Add the tomatoes, mix well then reduce the heat, partially cover and simmer for about 20 minutes, turning from time to time, until the chicken is tender. 5. Drain most of the water from the cashew nuts, then transfer to a food processor and process to a thick paste. Add the cashew paste and cream to the chicken, bring to the boil, adding a little water to give a smooth, slightly thick sauce. Continue to cook until the oil floats on top then add the sultanas and cook for 2-3 minutes, stirring. Serve hot.
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30mins Serves 4 Ingredients120ml/4fl.oz. Ghee or butterThe seeds from 8 green Cardamoms6 Apples, peeled and gratedUp to 150g/+5oz Sugar (according to taste)2 tbsp Ghee or Butter100g/4oz Almond Flakes50g/2oz unsalted Pistachio Nuts, cut into slivers½ teasp Ground Cardamom Instructions 1. Heat the ghee in a heavy saucepan, add cardamom
seeds and fry these for few minutes, stirring constantly. 2. Add the grated apple and fry over a medium heat for 5-8 minutes until soft and almost tender.
3. Add the sugar and ground cardamom and cook for 10 to 15 minutes, stirring from time to time, until nearly all the water has evaporated.
4. Meanwhile, heat 2 tablespoons of ghee in a frying pan add the nuts and sauté for 3-5 minutes. 5. Add the fried nuts to the apple mixture and mix well. Serve hot.
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Saib Ka Halva
ILM MAGAZINE 3333
1490 Leonardo DaVinci’s plan for a man-carrying ornithopter with flapping wings. 1783 Montgolfier hot-air balloon. 1799 Sir George Cayley’s plan for a fixed-wing aircraft. The Century BeforeIn 1799, Sir George Cayley defined the forces of lift and drag and presented the first scientific design for a fixed-wing aircraft. Building on his pioneering work in aeronautics, scientists and engineers began designing and testing airplanes. A young boy made the first manned flight in a glider designed by Cayley in 1849. In 1874, Felix du-Temple made the first attempt at powered flight by hopping off the end of a ramp in a steam-driven monoplane. Other scientists, such as Francis Wenham and Horatio Phillips studied cambered
wing designs mounted in wind tunnels and on whirling arms. Finally in 1894, Sir Hiram Maxim made a successful takeoff (but a woefully uncon-trolled flight) in a biplane “test rig.” At the same time, Otto Lilienthal made the first controlled flights, shifting his body weight to steer a small glider. Inspired by his success, Wilbur and Orville Wright experiment with aerodynamic surfaces to control an airplane in flight. Their work leads them to make the first controlled, sustained, powered flights on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.• The First Airplanes, 1799 to 1853• Powering Up, 1854 to 1879• Airmen and Chauffers, 1880 to 1898• The Road to Kitty Hawk, 1899 to 1903 The Aerial Steam Carriage, conceived by William Henson in 1843, was the first aircraft design to show propellers.
A HISTORY OF THE AEROPLANESA HISTORY OF THE AEROPLANESThe dream of flying is as old as mankind itself. However, the concept of the airplane has only been around for two centuries. Before that time, men and women tried to navigate the air by imitat-ing the birds. They built wings to strap onto their arm or machines with flapping wings called orni-thopters. On the surface, it seemed like a good plan. After all, there are plenty of birds in the air to show that the concept does work.
The trouble is, it works bet-ter at bird-scale than it does at the much larger scale needed to lift both a man and a machine off the ground. So folks began to look for other ways to fly. Beginning in 1783, a few aeronauts made daring, uncontrolled flights in lighter-than-air balloons, filled with either hot air or hydrogen gas. But this was hardly a practical way to fly. There was no way to get from here to there unless the wind was blowing in the desired direction.It wasn’t until the turn of the nineteenth century that an English baronet from the gloomy moors of Yorkshire conceived a flying machine with fixed
wings, a propulsion system, and movable control surfaces. This was the fundamental concept of the airplane. Sir George Cayley also built the first true airplane — a kite mounted on a stick with a mova-ble tail. It was crude, but it proved his idea worked, and from that first humble glider evolved the amazing machines that have taken us to the edge
of space at speeds faster than sound.
This wing of the museum focuses on the early history of the airplane, from its conception in 1799 to the years just before World War I. Because we are a mu-seum of pioneer aviation, we don’t spend a great deal of
time on those years after Orville Wright closed the doors of the Wright Company in 1916. We concen-trate on the development of the airplane before it was commonplace, when flying machines were odd contraptions of stick, cloth, and wire; engines were temperamental and untrustworthy; and pilots were never quite sure whether they’d be able to coax their machine into the air or bring it down in one piece.
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THE BEGINNINGSTHE BEGINNINGS
The history of pioneer aviation is resplendent with heroes and heroines who took spindly, underpow-ered aircraft and accomplished amazing things. They were an odd collection of scientists, entrepre-neurs, adventurers, soldiers, and people who just wanted to push personal and cultural boundaries. What they all had in common is that they blazed the first trails through the sky and in doing so, changed the world. This is a collection of short
biographies, arranged alphabetically. We have added longer bios for a few pioneers, and will add more as time allows.• Charley Furnas• The Tale of the Vin Fiz In 1911, Harriet Quimby became the first licensed woman pilot in the United States.
Immediately after the Wright Brothers make their first powered flights in 1903, they begin to develop their experimental aircraft into a a marketable product and by 1905 they have what they consider to be a “practical flying machine.” Immediately other experimenters begin to build on their suc-cess. By 1906, would-be pilots are making tenta-tive hops in uncontrollable aircraft. By 1909, after watching the Wrights’ flying demonstrations, they grasp the brilliance and necessity of three-axis aerodynamic control. The performance of their aircraft quickly catch up to, then surpass Wright Flyers.
The capabilities of and the uses for aircraft expand as designers and pilots introduce float planes, flying boats, passenger aircraft, observation platforms fitted with radios and wireless telegraphs, fighters, and bombers. As World War I approaches, aircraft have become an essential part of war and peace.• Landing Without Crashing, 1904 to 1905• Wake Up Call, 1905 to 1909• Faster, Higher, Farther, 1909 to 1912• Girding for Battle, 1912 to 1914 The Dunne flying wing, built and tested by the Brit-ish in 1910, was the first top secret aircraft.
THE DECADE AFTER
PILOTS, PLANES, AND PIONEERS
Almost as soon as the news of the Wright broth-ers’ first flights at Kitty Hawk and Huffman Prairie became known, there were claims that others had been the first to fly. We shouldn’t deny these “wan-nabees” the acclaim they deserve; they are true avia-tion pioneers and visionaries. It’s interesting to note that with only a few exceptions, none claimed this honor for themselves. It was claimed for them, often many years after they had completed
their work. And the people who made these claims often had transparent reasons -- reputations to uphold, axes to grind, books to sell, and tourism to
encourage. The accounts pre-sented here reflect the conclu-sions of the majority of aviation historians.• Gustav Whitehead• Alberto Santos-Dumont Workmen who built the Ezekiel Airship for the Reverend Burrell
Cannon claimed to have made a flight in 1902.
WHO WAS FIRST?
From That To This
35
THE DECADE AFTER
PILOTS, PLANES, AND PIONEERS
WHO WAS FIRST?
36
37
500,000. That’s the number of takedown requests Microsoft has submitted to Google just over the past month related to copyright infringement and software piracy.Extrapolating that for a whole year - assuming half a million take-down requests a month - that would be six million websites attempting to illegally distribute Microsoft operating systems or applications. And, those are just the ones that are identified. Who knows how
many slip through the cracks or fly under the radar?Windows is by far the dominant operating system in use around the world, and the Microsoft Office suite has a virtual monopoly on the productivity software market. A good chunk of the Windows and Office software in use is pirated, though.Microsoft has even had issues with unethical use of its software by paying customers.
It recently reduced the number of licenses available for TechNet subscribers to minimize the chances of piracy.When it comes to piracy there always seems to be some segment of the population that justifies theft of content based on its cost or availability. For example, with movie piracy the rationale seems to be that if a studio would make a movie available online at a reasonable price people wouldn’t need to download rogue pirated copies.
I assume the same argument could be made about Microsoft software. Purchasing an upgrade for Mac OS X only costs about $30, but the upgrade from one version of the Windows operating system to the next can cost up to $200 depending on which flavor of Windows you upgrade to. The Microsoft Office suite starts at $120 and doesn’t even offer any upgrade pricing discount.In my opinion it’s a very weak rationalization to claim that piracy is somehow justified by the cost of a product. Whether it costs $5 or $500 theft is theft. There are plenty of free alternatives for those who can’t afford the Microsoft software or simply choose not to spend the
money.
But, just playing devil’s advocate, it’s possible that Microsoft could curb or minimize piracy by pricing the software at a more reasonable point that is more accessible to users with limited budgets. There has to be some point that strikes a balance between the amount of money
Microsoft loses due to piracy and the amount of revenue Microsoft could gain by boosting sales with lower prices.
On the other hand, Microsoft just reported record quarterly revenue, so perhaps it’s doing just fine despite the rampant piracy. Microsoft could lower its pricing and possibly raise revenue even higher, or it can just continue sending half a million takedown requests per month to Google.
Crafts & handicrafts of PakistanHandicrafts reflect the culture, tradition and aesthetics of the artisans who create them. It draws a line between a thing that is skillfully hand made to what is mass produced, and therefore grabs the attention to the skill and endeavors of the craftsman him/herself. The actual beauty of a piece of handicrafts certainly depends on the transparency of material, the glimpses of a
culture and touch of art. Pakistan has a rich history of handicrafts. The entire wealth of timeless Pakistani handicrafts has survived through ages. The legacy of Pakistani culture promises everything- beauty, dignity, form and style.These handicrafts radiate an aura of glory, exhibit hereditary skills and show painstaking craftsmanship.
Brass, Onyx & Wood Crafts
The Handicrafts manifested through Brass, onyx and wood, are
known to maintain a proud tradition of handicrafts since 1994 in Pakistan and truly signifying the worth of the products. The art
of carving on Metal & Wood items are the real beauties of our hard working Craftsmen. These items are manufactured in small villages by diligent craftsman, and can easily be purchased in big cities. Such
crafts include, metal lanterns, mirror frames, decoration
pieces and more.
Crafts & Handicrafts of Pakistan
38
Jewellery & Leather GoodsMetalwork, including inlaid or engraved swords, boxes, dishes, and tea
sets made from silver and gold, as well as jewelry with precious stones and pearls, are important crafts. Jewelry is not limited to necklaces, bracelets, rings
but also includes hair and forehead decorations and nose ornaments. Leatherwork and basketry are also important crafts. Sindh baskets
are colorful and intricate, while weavers in the Northwest Frontier prefer geometric patterns.
ILM MAG Page43FurniturePakistani furniture is
known all over the world for its beautiful and intricate
designs and the mastery of its craftsman. One of the fine longitudi-nal cross grains solid wood is known
as Rosewood. It is available in the form of dense jungles in northern areas of Pakistan. The age of those trees are
approximate 60 - 100 Years. In Asia this wood is only available in Pakistan,
although there are much fine RoseWood (timber) available in the world but one can not find solid cross grains which appears on the wood in a brilliant stroke. In local language people calls it ”SHESHAM”.
It is also available along the lakes and rivers in Punjab province of
Pakistan. Such furniture is famous all over the world
for its distinctiveness and beauty.
PotteryThe potter at his wheel is a
common sight in every village, uninfluenced by modern glamour.
Bahawalpur, Rawalpindi, Gujrat and places around also produce colorful pottery, painted after
firing. The blue glazed pottery of Multan dates back to the 13th century with obvious traces for woodwork. Chiniot is also known for brass and iron inlay. Copper
and brass work is done within the walled city of Lahore.Ceramics and glazed pottery are among the oldest art
forms in Pakistan, dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization (2500 B.C.E.). The most popular
techniques used include engraving intricate designs into the undercoating of the pottery and then glazing it with colored transparent glazes. Another popular
technique is to apply blue designs over white glazes. Pakistani potters are responsible
for making the elaborate tiles that decorate mosques and public
buildings.
Carpets & Textile
Pakistan has tradition of carpet-making going back thousands of years.
Weaving was a developed form of art in the Mohenjodaro in Sind 4000-5000 year ago.
The handmade carpets produced in Lahore in the 16th Century are on display in museums in Lahore
and elsewhere. Knotted woolen carpets with Islamic designs are part of the culture in both South Asia and the Middle East. In Pakistan, Karachi and Lahore are important centers for the production of fine carpets.
Textiles such as bedspreads and shawls are popular, and the Sindh and Baloch people are
known for their mirror embroidery, where small mirrors are stitched into the
fabric to create glittery masterpieces. 39
The term Urdu derives from a Turkish word ordu meaning camp or army. The Urdu language developed between the Muslim soldiers of the Mughals armies who belonged to various ethnicities like Turks, Arabs, Persians, Pathans, Balochis, Rajputs, Jats and Afghans.
These soldiers lived in close contact with each other and communicated in different dialects, which slowly and gradually evolved into present day Urdu. It is for this reason that Urdu is also referred to as Lashkari Zaban or language of the army.
During its development Urdu language also
assumed various names like the term Urdu-e-Maullah meaning the exalted army which was given by Emperor Shah Jahan and the term Rekhta meaning scattered (with Persian words) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu poetry.
The term ‘Urdu’ and its origin
Urdu The Origin and History of the Language
Evolution and development of any language is dependent on the evolution and development of a society where that language is spoken. Various invasions and conquests on a place affect the development of its language. Urdu is no exception as it also underwent various stages of development.
Urdu belongs to the Indo-Aryan family of languages. Urdu by origin is considered to be a descendent of Saur Senic Prakrit. The term Prakrriti means root or basis. It is a later version of Sanskrit. As Prakrit language began to develop, it was influenced by Western Hindi dialects of Khari Boli, Brij Bhasa and Haryanvi.
With the coming of Insha’s Darya-e-Latafat, a need was felt to differentiate Urdu with other languages especially Hindi. It became a Hindi-Urdu controversy and as a result Khari Boli and Devana-gari became the identity of Indians while Urdu and Persian of Muslims. In this context, Persian and Arabic words replaced with Sanskrit served the purpose of differentiating Hindi from Urdu.
Urdu emerged as a distinct language after 1193 AD - the time of the Muslims conquest. When the
Muslims conquered this part of the continent, they made Persian the official and cultural language of India. As a result of the amalgamation of local dialects and the language of the invaders - which was either Persian, Arabic and Turkish, a new language evolved which later became Urdu.
During the Mughals reign, Urdu was spoken in palaces and court and till the end of the Mughal rule; Urdu was the official language of most of Mughal states. This was the time when Urdu had become Persianized and enriched with Persian words, phrases and even script and grammar. With the coming of the British, new English words also became part of the Urdu language. Many English words were accepted in their real form while others were accepted after some modifications.Currently, Urdu vocabulary contains approximately 70% of Persian words and the rest are a mixture of Arabic and Turkish words. However, there are also traces of the French, Portuguese and Dutch language in Urdu. But these influences are little.
Urdu was taken to other parts of the country by sol-diers, saints and sufis and by the common people.
History and Evolution of Urdu Language
40
As a result of the political, social and cultural contacts amongst the people of different speech and dialects, a mixed form of language formed called ‘Rekhta’ (Urdu and Persian in mixed form). Soon people started to use the new language in their speech and in literature which resulted in the enrichment of Urdu language and literature.With the coming of Insha’s Darya-e-Latafat, a need was felt to differentiate Urdu with other languages especially Hindi. It became a Hindi-Urdu controversy and as a result Khari Boli and Devana-gari became the identity of Indians while Urdu and Persian of Muslims. In this context, Persian and Arabic words replaced with Sanskrit served the purpose of differentiating Hindi from Urdu.Urdu emerged as a distinct language after 1193 AD - the time of the Muslims conquest. When the Muslims conquered this part of the continent, they made Persian the official and cultural language of India. As a result of the amalgamation of local dia-lects and the language of the invaders - which was either Persian, Arabic and Turkish, a new language evolved which later became Urdu. During the Mughals reign, Urdu was spoken in palaces and
court and till the end of the Mughal rule; Urdu was the official language of most of Mughal states. This was the time when Urdu had become Persianized and enriched with Persian words, phrases and even script and grammar. With the coming of the British, new English words also became part of the Urdu language. Many English words were accepted in their real form while others were accepted after some modifications.Currently, Urdu vocabulary contains approximately 70% of Persian words and the rest are a mixture of Arabic and Turkish words. However, there are also traces of the French, Portuguese and Dutch lan-guage in Urdu. But these influences are little.
Urdu was taken to other parts of the country by soldiers, saints and sufis and by the common peo-ple. As a result of the political, social and cultural contacts amongst the people of different speech and dialects, a mixed form of language formed called ‘Rekhta’ (Urdu and Persian in mixed form). Soon people started to use the new language in their speech and in literature which resulted in the enrichment of Urdu language and literature.More on Next Page...
41
The origin of Urdu literature dates back to the 13th century in India during the Mughal rule. One of the most eminent earliest poets who made us-age of Urdu in his poetry is Amir Khusro who can be called the father of Urdu language. In litera-ture, Urdu was usually used along side Persian. Mughal kings were the great patrons of art and literature and it was under their rule that Urdu language reached its zenith. There used to be a tradition of 'Sheri Mehfils' (poetic gatherings) in the kings' courts. Abul Fazal Faizi and Abdul Rahim Khankhana were the famous Urdu poets of Mughal court. Likewise, Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal, Hakim Momin, Ibrahim Zauq, Mir Taqi Mir, Sauda, Ibn-e-Insha and Faiz Ahmed Faiz have contributed to the evolution of Urdu language through their literary works.
It is indeed true that Hindi and Urdu are descend-ents of the same language i.e. Prakrit, but where the Hindi took influence from Sanskrit and adopted Devanagri script of writing, Urdu absorbed words from Persian, Turkish and Arabic languages and adopted Persian-Arabic script and Nastaliq calli-graphic style of writing and emerged as a separate language. But beside common ancestry, the two
languages are as different as can be. There are marked grammatical, phonological and lexical differences in both languages.Urdu was also used as a tool by the Muslims for freedom struggle and for creating awareness among Muslim communities in South Asia to unite under the banner of Independence from British Raj. For this, services of Maulana Hali, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Allama Iqbal are notable, who through their poetry and prose provoked the necessary spark in the lives of the Muslims. Urdu was chosen to become the national language of Pakistan at the time of Independence from British. Urdu is now the national language of Pakistan, spoken and understood thoroughly by majority of the population.
Urdu is spoken by more than 54,000,000 people:45,773,000 in India,
8,000,000 in Pakistan,170,000 in South Africa,
30,000 in Oman,more than 27,000 elsewhere
URDU LITERATURE
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They are:
1) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which were built on the banks of the Euphrates river by King Nebuchadnezzar II.
2) The gigantic gold statue of Zeus was built by the sculptor Pheidias at Olympia.
3) The temple of Artemis was erected in the Asia Minor city of Ephesus in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting and wild nature.
4) The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a huge tomb constructed for King Maussollos, Persian satrap of Caria.
5) The Colossus of Rhodes was a massive statue erected by the Greeks in honor of Helios the sun-god.
6) The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built by the Ptolemies on the island of Pharos.
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built near the ancient city of Memphis for Pharaoh Khufu in the period of the Fourth Dynasty, between 2613 and 2494BC. The Greeks referred to it as the Pyramid of Cheops. A true wonder, it is im-mense: it covers a ground area of 13.1 acres (32,4 hectares), composed of some 2.3 million limestone blocks average two-and-a-half tonnes each, enough stone to build a wall of foot-square cubes two-thirds around the globe at the equator, a distance of 16,600 miles (26 500km).The oldest statue in the world is the Great Sphinx of Egypt. Carved out of limestone, it stands 65 ft (19,8 metres) high and is 240 ft (73 metres) long.
The Seven Wonders;Old, Modern And New
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World that still survives.
Can you name the other six wonders?
46
A list of the seven wonders of the modern world was compiled after World War One (after 1918).
The motorcar was omitted from the list, instead naming:
(1) the radio; (2) the telephone;(3) the airplane;
(4) radium;(5) anaesthetics and antitoxins;(6) spectrum analysis;(7) X rays.
An updated list undoubtedly will include the car, television, computer, nuclear energy and nan-otechnology.
Modern Wonders
At a declaration on 07/07/07 in Lisbon, Portu-gal, after worldwide online polling, SMS and telephone voting the New Seven Wonders were declared as being:
1) The Great Wall, China2) Petra, Jordan3) Christ Redeemer, Brazil
4) Machu Picchu, Peru5) Chichén Itzá, Mexico6) The Roman Colosseum, Italy7) The Taj Mahal, India
FIRST BALTI PLACE IN SHEFFIELDBalti is a traditonal northern dish, this originates from north west and Northern Punjab.
This is a very popular dish cooked in a cast iron pot which enhances the exotic flavours.A dish which had to be tasted to be appreciated.
WHY?Why is the sky blue?
When sunlight travels through the
atmosphere, it collides with gas mole-
cules. These molecules scatter the light.
The shorter the wavelength of light, the
more it is scattered by the atmosphere. Be-
cause it has a shorter wavelength than the
other colors, blue light is scattered more, ten
times more than red light, for instance. That
is why the sky is blue.
Why does the setting sun look reddish or-
ange? When the sun is on the horizon, its
light takes a longer path through the at-
mosphere to reach your eyes than when
the sun is directly overhead. By the time
the light of the setting sun reaches
your eyes, most of the blue light has
been scattered out. The light you
finally see is reddish orange,
the color of white light
minus blue. WHY?Why do onions make you cry?
Onions, like other plants, are made of cells. The cells are divided into two sec-
tions separated by a membrane. One side of the membrane contains an enzyme which helps chem-
ical processes occur in your body. The other side of the membrane contains molecules that contain sulfur.
When you cut an onion, the contents on each side of the membrane mix and cause a chemical reaction. This reac-tion produces molecules such as ethylsufine which make your eyes water.To prevent crying when you cut an onion, cut it under a running tap of cold water. The sulfur compounds dis-solve in water and are rinsed down the sink before they reach your eyes. You can also put the onion in
the freezer for ten minutes before you cut it. Cold temperatures slow down the reaction between
the enzyme and the sulfur compounds so fewer of the burning molecules will
reach your eyes.
WHY?Why do you get hiccups?
Hiccups happen when the diaphragm, the muscle that con-
trols our breathing, becomes irritat-ed and start to spasm and contract
uncontrollably. With each contraction, air is pulled into the lungs very quickly, passes through the voice box, and then the epiglottis closes behind the rush of air, shaking the vocal chords, caus-ing the “hic” sound. The irritation can be caused by rapid eating, emotional stress and even some diseases. The best cure? Breathing into a paper bag. This calms the diaphragm
by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in your
bloodstream.
WHY?Why are camels called
“ships of the desert?”
Camels are called “ships of
the desert” because of the
way they move, not because
of their transport capabilities.
Camels sway from side to side
because they move both legs
on one side at the same time,
elevating that side. This is
called pacing, a ship-like
motion which can make
the rider feel sick.
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Power of One . . .
One tree can start a forest
One flower can awaken the dream
One smile begins a friendship
One laugh will conquer a gloom
One candle destroys the darkness
One sunbeam lights a room
One breath brings life eternal
One path will lead you home
One touch can show you care
One word must start each prayer
One heart can know what is true
One life can make the difference
WHY? Why you shouldn’t smoke
If you smoke, you’re also inhaling arsenic, benzene, cad-mium, hydrogen cyanide, lead, mercury and phonol. In
all, 4 000 harmful chemicals, including 44 types of poison, of which 43 are proven cancer-
causing substances.
Why?Why did Columbus and
others try to sail around the world?
You probably know that people native to the Americas are called “Indians” because early explor-ers like Christopher Columbus thought they had come across the Indian spice islands. Traders were forced to sail westward after the spice route to the East by land was blocked
for Europeans by Mus-lim uprisings.
WHY?Why do we yawn?
People say it's cause you have too much air in your lungs but then why do you only do it wen your tired or
bored and why are they contagious. In spite of popular mis-conception, you don't yawn because you're tired. You yawn because your body has built up too much carbon dioxide and needs to release it. When you're in an inactive state (sitting in class or something like that) your body does not have much opportunity to expel excess carbon dioxide. Excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is dangerous, so your body re-
sponds by yawning and expelling more carbon dioxide that you would normally do by breathing. Yawning
does seem to be contagious, but that seems to be a psychosomatic effect. Basically, you
see someone yawn, and you feel compelled to yawn.
51
A SIMPLE sip of coffee has brought closer the day when people who have been paralysed or lost limbs can look after themselves by controlling robots with their brain signals.The coffee sip was taken by a 58-year-old woman paralysed in 1996 by a stroke. In the first test of its kind, she guided a flask of coffee to her lips using a robotic arm controlled by her brain."You could see an enormous grin when she managed it," says John Donoghue of Brown Univer-sity in Providence, Rhode Island. "For the first time in 15 years, she was doing something for herself."Previously, the team implanted a chip into the brain of a paraplegic man who then successfully used his neurological signals to manoeuvre cursors on com-puter screens. The latest ex-periment is the first in which humans have used their brain signals to manipulate real-world objects using a robotic arm. Similar results were achieved in monkeys in 2008 ."It's a big symbolic step forward," says Andrew Jackson of New-castle University in the UK, who has an accompanying commen-tary in the same edition of Nature as the work (DOI: 10.1038/nature11076).The woman and a 66-year-old man, who have both lost the use of their limbs, volunteered to have aspirin-sized arrays of electrodes
implanted in their brains. These pick up signals from neurons in the motor cortex - the part of the brain that governs movement. Donoghue's Braingate2 team asked the two volunteers to watch a recording of the robotic arm perform programmed actions, and to imagine they were moving it themselves. By recording the brain signals corresponding to each arm movement, such as left, right, up or down, the computer could be "taught" to move the robotic arm
as directed by brain signals from the patients.In tests which required them to reach out for and grip a foam sphere the size of a tennis ball, one volunteer grasped the target in 62 per cent of attempts, and the other in 46 per cent of attempts. In a second test, performed only by the woman, she successfully gripped a flask of coffee and brought it to her lips for a sip from a straw in four out of six attempts.Donoghue says the re-sults are an important step towards assistive devices
that can be controlled directly. "You can imagine an arm like this mounted on a wheelchair," he says.A distant goal is to use the brain to reactivate a person's own mus-cles with the help of an implanted electrical device that reconnects the two within the body. Donoghue is working on such a system with a volunteer.
BRAIN-CONTROLLED ARM COULD BEAT PARALYSIS
52
53
From Brick Lane to Dragons’
James Caan (born 28 December 1960 in Lahore, Pakistan as Nazim Khan is a British-Pakistani entrepreneur and tel-evision personality. Caan has been building and selling businesses since 1985, including Alexander Mann Group, Humana International, and the private equity firm Hamilton Bradshaw.Caan initially achieved success in the recruitment indus-try, having founded the Alexander Mann Group, which he sold in 2002. Caan subsequently co-founded the execu-tive head-hunting firm Humana International. He is also the founder and currently CEO of the UK-based private equity firm Hamilton Bradshaw, and in 2010 Caan launched HB Real Estate.Caan is best-known as a presenter of the BBC television programme Dragons’ Den, in which he was one of the pan-el of judges from 2007 to 2010.Caan graduated from the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School. In 2005 Caan was voted one of the 100 most influential Asian people in the UK by Asian Power 100. Caan has been involved in a number of chari-table activities. He founded the James Caan Foundation in 2006 and in December 2009 was appointed as the Chair-man of The Big Issue Company.In a recent interview we discussed on some important is-sues of entrepreneurship and the potential of Pakistan re-garding economic environment.
Q: Mr. James Caan, we are facing a great deal of problems regarding economy like recession, unemployment etc as well as natural hazards like floods, earth quakes, what do you see is the potential of entrepreneurship in such an environment?
James Caan: Global economy is experiencing its own eco-nomic challenges, we are observing a high unemployment rate in Britian especially among students, their economy has more debt than it was in history. If you look at Europe, countries like Spain, Portugal, France, and Ireland are also facing economic challenges. So Pakistan is not a unique case, but the question should
be that, what we are doing to address these issues.
Q: What would you say about your transition to Britain and the business environment there, and how different it is from Pakistani environment while we have technologies like E-commerce and E-marketing, and what are the better ways to reach markets of developed countries.
James Caan: I think my first observation between UK and Pakistan is, that in Britain people are very good in saying “NO” while in Pakistan “No” means “Yes” and people are not very clear. So when people come here and ask whether some specific thing can be done, the answer will always be that, “Ok It will be done”, they don’t say “No”, no matter how extreme the issue is. In England you hear “No” more than you hear “Yes”.
Though the economic environment may not be as good as it was in 2007 but it is moving along. I don’t see any kind of good news, because here people are becoming obsessed to hear the bad news and it travels faster and overshadows good things with its negativity. So if you want to encourage foreign investments and trade, you have to inspire and mo-tivate and avoid repeating the cycle of bad news.
54
In England, they have Spin doctors, and there job is to spin the news to keep the economy moving and to keep the sentiment flowing. May be Pakistan could learn from that.
What do you say about the branding environment?
James Caan: If you look at the French and Italians, who I think are the masters of branding, they invest huge time, effort and energy on what I call brand experience. The perception of people here, to create a brand you have to advertise. It’s not only about advertising because it is only one component. The brand experience is about what a brand stands for, whether you are a manufacturer or a retailer, if for the sake of argument you step in to a designer’s store, the brand experience you see is the quality of the store, the presentation of the product placement, the thickness of the carpet you walk on, what all of your senses perceive is the brand experience, its not just because they place adverts on the TV or magazines. So business community needs to have a great appreciation that branding is about brand experience, in every manner in which you touch or feel the brand, from your business cards to your website, to your people, to the people who answers your phone, these are all brand credentials. If you really are genuinely committed in going down a jour-ney to create a brand then you really need to be sensitive about all of these issues, because it takes a life time to create a brand but it only takes a day to destroy that image.
Q: Mr. James Cann you yourself are a brand and it took years to make it, your company Hamilton Bradshaw was one and now you have more than 30 countries representing your business, having 142 offices all over the world and that is attributed to brand recognition and the credibility you carry as a name and as a busi-ness. Would you like to tell us how this expansion has been brought about and how you manage all these things?
James Caan: I think there is only one way to do that is to recognizing that products and services within themselves don’t build businesses. Businesses are building by people, and my main strategy for all of my businesses is to attract-ing the right people, by investing in the right people, I have the opportunity to creating bandwidth; I have huge band-width internationally because I have some very good people. I have been talking to many people what they invest in people and when you look at the average business here, we all have budgets, revenue targets and when I asked whether they have a budget to invest in people, not a single person raised their hands and to be there is a message for me here, that if you are not developing workforce, exper-tise, building bandwidth, you can’t achieve the desired level
of growth. So in order to grow you should have people to execute them. If you want to expand your business to Asia, Dubai or Lon-don, it really means that you have to question yourself that do you have such individuals in your organizations who are going to champion them into that region, and if your not de-veloping people and their skills in order to gain intellectual workforce then it would be difficult to succeed. So my strategy was to recognize the need to hire the right people and develop the skills of those people and without that I would never have achieved what I had gained it now.
Q: Your making of business is truly a success story and has been inspirational for many wannabes who want to be at that level where you are at now but now here comes a question that were there failures and hur-dles while achieving such success?
James Caan: I am afraid that it would take days to de-bate on the argument about the failures and successes, because like many entrepreneurs, I have a firm belief that failure is a part of the journey to success. I had businesses which had lost millions of pounds and I have more disasters than average people. But I recognize that to be a successful business man you will have to learn the experience on what happened wrong. To me a true entrepreneur is the guy who succeeds when things go wrong, because we can all do very well when things are fine, that doesn’t take so much amount of expertise. I had one of the largest food businesses in England. Sandwich shops named ‘Benjys’, we had 150 stores, 600 people and it collapsed because of me, I was inexperi-enced, I didn’t understand the business and I made terrible mistakes.
Den and Beyond - JAMES CANN
55
One of the most spectacular features of humankind is its gift of memory. The brain is a tremendous or-gan that is powered with the ability to record any-thing and everything without a conscious effort. The value of a man depends to a large extent on his ability to recall and to use at any desired moment the recollection of what he has seen, heard, experi-enced or thought.
While some of the events and occurrences that you may see or hear or perceive may be recorded consciously, there are a whole lot of things that the brain registers without your conscious knowledge and awareness, in the subconscious. The power of the brain is much more than what you may think of it. However, memory is something that we tend to take for granted, since most aspects of life get recorded spontaneously. It is only with age that we tend to realise the importance of memory training tips and ways of sharpening memories.
Our perceptions bring along with them a plethora of experiences. Things that we have touched, heard, tasted and smelt. But these things are valuable only when they are held in the memory. They cannot be
used unless they are remembered. Every man who has attained a higher place has been blessed with a retentive and exact memory. A good memory will give you an incalculable advantage over others.Memory is a term used to describe the way that certain acts or thoughts tend to remain in the mind. Memory differs from person to person. Some peo-ple have good memory for names but cannot recall faces. Some people can remember dates but have no power to recollect names.
Study the object you wish to remember in all its phases by keeping every other thought out of your mind. Make that object a part of yourself and you will never forget it. You observe a car while walk-ing down the street. Observe the color, model and make. After the car has passed by, try to recall the color, model and make of the car. If you do this on a dozen occasions, you will be surprised and delight-ed at the improvement in your ability both to per-ceive and to remember. While doing window shop-ping, take one glance at the exhibits and move on. Then ask yourself what you saw in the window. If possible, write down each article as you remember it.
MemoryMemory
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Another method of memory training is to recall the events of the day before retiring to bed.
Try to recall the events in all details, in the chronological order if possible. Another method of polishing the power of recollection is to start reading a paragraph from an interesting book slowly and carefully. Then close the book and loudly repeat the substance of the section you have just read. You can use your own words while doing this.
Do this for all the paragraphs on a page. This way, you will be able to recall and to clearly express the essence of an entire chapter without any great effort or difficulty. Writing out at length what you have recollected instead of expressing in spoken words will not only train the memory but also the perceptions, the will and the power of expression. Another way to develop memory is to vividly recall in all details a picture of the object desired.
It would help in a significant way if you could look out for memory training tips even before you felt the need for memory training.
There are memory training tips that are simple and straight forward, as compared with some specialised training programmes that you might come to expect. For instance, did you know that a lifestyle filled with fun and laughter could feature
among the prominent items in memory training tips? It is a reflection of the personality and attitude that one has towards life that makes fun and humour, some of the important factors in memory. The effect that positive emotions have on others would be reciprocated in kind, leading to a positive, fun-filled environment that is good for the brain.
There are other intellectually stimulating activities available which could feature among the key memory training tips. Games such as chess as well as activities such as origami are important game changers when it comes to memory enhancement and promotion.
These benefits arise out of the way in which the brain is kept actively engaged in the processes involved in the games. Activities such as crosswords or Sudoku fall in a similar category, worthy of being mentioned under memory training tips.
Regular physical activity and exercises help in increasing the blood circulation rates to the entire body.
Increase in circulation helps in increasing the quantity of oxygen made available to the brain, which helps towards increasing the effectiveness of memory and performance of the brain. Other memory train-ing tips would involve main-tenance of a healthy diet and focussing on an active intake of the right foods that are known to improve the functioning of the brain.
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ILM MAG Page60
Pakistani fashion is alive and vibrant as ever this
summer. Long shirts and anarkalis, with bold block printing are bigger than ever. There is nothing fine and delicate
about embroidery, the heavier and funkier the better.
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ILM MAG Page61
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Early LifeHer Majesty the Queen was born on 21 April 1926 in London, the first child of Prince Albert, The Duke of York, and his wife, formerly Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.Third in line to the throne, it seemed unlikely that Princess Elizabeth would be Queen. How-ever, shortly after the death of George V, the new King - her uncle Edward VIII - dramatically abdicated so he could marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcee. Princess Elizabeth's fa-ther then became King George VI and she became heir to the throne.Princess Elizabeth and her younger sister Princess Margaret were educated at home. During the Blitz in 1940, they were moved to Windsor Castle and stayed there for most of the Second World War. In 1945, Princess Elizabeth joined the war effort, training as a driver in the Wom-en's Auxiliary Territorial Service (WATS).
Princess, Wife, MotherIn November 1947, she married a distant cous-in, Philip Mountbatten, who was then created His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. The wedding - which took place dur-ing the austere post-War years - was described by Winston Churchill as a 'flash of colour'. The Princess used ration coupons to buy the mate-rial for her dress. The couple have four children. Prince Charles, The Prince of Wales, is the eldest and next in line to throne. Both he and Princess Anne, The Princess Royal were born before their mother became Queen. Prince Andrew, The Duke of York and Prince Edward, The Earl of Wessex are the only two children to be born to a reign-ing monarch since Queen Victoria.
Elizabeth II
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Accession And CoronationGeorge VI died on 6 February 1952 while Princess Eliza-beth and Prince Philip were touring Kenya. She returned home immediately and acceded to the throne. After months of preparation, Queen Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953. For the first time, the ceremony and the huge public celebrations were broad-cast by TV across the UK, the Commonwealth and the rest of the world. On her accession on 6 February 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen re-gent of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained in-dependence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barba-dos, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis
A Young And Glamorous QueenOn her accession, the Queen immediately began her political duties which included opening Parliament and receiving her prime ministers. Throughout the 1950s, the Queen and Prince Philip cut young and glamorous figures as they extensively toured the UK and the Common-wealth. During the 1960s, the Queen made historic visits to West Berlin at the height of the Cold War, and welcomed Emperor Hirohito of Japan on a state visit to Britain. Against a backdrop of po-litical and social unrest, she celebrated her Silver Jubilee in 1977. It was a huge success and tens of thousands of street parties were thrown by the public across the country.
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The 1980’s OnwardsFive years later, the UK was at war over the Falkland Islands during which Prince Andrew served with the Royal Navy as a helicopter pilot. The 1980s also saw the birth of her first grandchildren, Peter and Zara Phillips.Disaster struck in 1992 when a devastating fire broke out in Windsor Castle. The same year the respective marriages of Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Princess Anne disintegrated. The Queen deemed this her 'annus horribilis'. Tragedy was to follow in 1997, when Diana, Princess of Wales was killed in a car accident. And 2002 was another year of personal sadness for the Queen, as both her sister Princess Margaret and the Queen Mother died, casting a shadow over the Golden Jubilee celebrations a few months later.
The Diamond QueenFor the last 60 years, during a period of great change in Britain, the Queen has continued to carry out her political duties as head of state, her role as head of the Commonwealth, the ceremonial responsibilities of the sovereign, and a large annual programme of visits in the UK as well as many foreign tours.The Queen has also made numerous reforms to the monarchy during her reign. In 1992, she offered to start paying income and capital gains tax. She has opened her official residencies to the public - including Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle - in order to finance their maintenance. She supported ending the rule of male primogeniture, which now means the eldest child can succeed to the throne, regardless of gender. She also supported lifting the ban on anyone in the line of succession marrying a Catholic. Her reign has heralded the introduction of less formal engagements and visits, and the introduction of the 'walkabout' - the meeting and greeting of large numbers of the public.In 2002, the Queen celebrated 50 years on the throne; in 2006, her 80th birthday; and in 2012, her Diamond Jubilee. The Jubilee is being marked by celebrations across the UK throughout the year.
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Syed Fayyaz Hussain NaqviSyed Fayyaz Hussain is founder and Chief Editor of ILM News. Syed Fayyaz Hus-sain was born in Kot Ahmad yar Rajoya Sadaat Chiniot , a major village just outside the town of Chiniot in Punjab. Chiniot is now a district. He belongs to a noble and famous landlord family. His elders are among the famous peo-ple of the area. The family of ‘’Syed Sahib’’ never encour-aged negative values of the landlord system. Syed Fayyaz Hussain always wanted to his own name in the history as his ancestors did . To achieve his goals Syed Fayyaz Hussai se-lected the fields of education and tourism. He worked for Pakistan and its people every where and added a new star to his ancestors name.Writers and poets always feel great proud by having him in their company. He is famous among politicians, religious, philosophers and sufi’s at the same time. In the world of literature he is known by the name ‘’Janab’’ due to this rea-son he adopted ‘’Janab’’ as his pen name. His ghazal ‘’Pardes Ki Talkhiyan (Hardship Of Living Abroad) was sung by Jimmi Khan. The ghazal was popular among the mass.Syed Fayyaz Hussain got his early education and college degree from Faisalabad, Paki-stan. After completing his ed-ucation he went to Germany where he stayed for 12 years. His qualities were acknowl-edged here also and will be remembered for a long time in Germany.He later moved to England in 2005 and wrote his own his-tory here also. He participated in many religious, education-al, literature, journalism and politial activities. Apart from this he also set a ground for games of his community.
Syed Fayyaz Hussain started to write at young age in various newspaper of Faisalabad, Paki-stan. His favourite hobby is to write a diary on different social and political issue including poetry. He says that by writ-ing a diary one can keep things fresh in his memory and it also helps to increase the knowl-edge and wisdom of a person.Apart from articles Syed Fayyaz Hussain also started to write books and joined various local radio and television chan-nels. Later he started to spend more time on book writing. His first book was short book
on Hajj(pilgrimage). His first detailed book published under the title of ‘’Salam Bar Mo-hammad o Aal e Mohammad’’ which is token of his respect and love towards Prophet Mohammad and His Children. His books ‘’Yeh Zindagi’’ and ‘’Aqwal e Syed’’ are in pub-lishing process.Hard work and strong deter-mination brought him into the field of journalism so that he can provide knowledgeable news to the people and not the yellow journalism. In January 2010 Syed Fayyaz Hussain started his bilingual newspaper
from England which was in urdu and english. He named his news paper as ‘’ILM NEWS’’. ILM News was first distrib-uted among the people living in South Yorkshire, Sheffield in England. After great suc-cess of a year in Sheffield and Rotherham. ILM News is now available in other cities of Eng-land including Bradford and Manchester.Syed Fayyaz Hussain is fully aware of modern day media and pubic interest in it. To pro-vide quick news to ILM News readers he launched a web site of ILM News in 2011.
Chief Editor of ILM News.
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The top 10 is intended to bring attention to the biodiversity crisis and the unsung species ex-plorers and museums who continue a 250-year tradition of discovering and describing the mil-lions of kinds of plants, animals and microbes with whom we share this planet.Some of the new species have interesting names, some highlight what little we really know about our planet.
Sneezing monkey: Rhinopithecus strykeri, named in honour of Jon Stryker, president and founder of the Arcus Foundation, is the first snub-nosed mon-key to be reported from Myanmar and is believed to be critically endangered. It is distinctive for its mostly black fur and white beard and for sneezing when it rains.
Bonaire banded box jelly: This strikingly beautiful yet venomous jellyfish looks like a box kite with colourful, long tails. The species name, Tamoya ohboya, was selected by a teacher as part of a citizen science project, assuming that people who are stung exclaim “Oh boy!” The species has been spotted near the Dutch Caribbean island of Bo-naire.
Devil’s worm: Measuring about 0.5 millimetres these tiny nematodes are the deepest-living ter-restrial multicellular organisms on the planet. They were discovered at a depth of 4200 feet in a South African gold mine and given the name Halicepha-lobus mephisto in reference to the Faust legend of the devil because the new species is found at such a depth in the Earth’s crust and has survived immense underground pressure as well as high
temperatures (37 degrees Celsius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
Night-blooming orchid: A slender night stalker is one way to describe this rare orchid from Papua New Guinea whose flowers open around 10 at night and close early the next morning. It was described by scientists from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Leiden University, who named it Bulbophyllum nocturnum from the Latin word meaning “at night”. It is believed to be the first night-blooming orchid recorded among the more than 25,000 known spe-cies of orchids.
Parasitic wasp: Ants beware! This new species of parasitic wasp cruises at just one centimetre above the ground in Madrid, Spain, in search of its target: ants. With a target in sight, the teensy wasp attacks from the air like a tiny dive-bomber, depositing an egg in less than 1/20 of a second.
SpongeBob SquarePants mushroom: Named Spongiforma squarepantsii, after the cartoon char-acter SpongeBob SquarePants, this new fungi spe-cies looks more like a sponge than a typical mush-room. One of its characteristics is that its fruiting body can be squeezed like a sponge and bounce back to its normal size and shape. This fungus, which smells fruity, was discovered in forests on the island of Borneo in Malaysia.
Giant millipede: A giant millipede about the length of a sausage bears the common name “wandering leg sausage,” which also is at the root of its Latin name: Crurifarcimen vagans.
List Includes Sneezing Monkey, Blue Tarantula And Night-Blooming Orchid
There were more than 200 new species discov-ered last year – but now an international committee of scientists have drawn up their list of the top 10.Picked for being the most unusual and fascinating, the life forms that made the grade – in no particular order - are: a teensy attack wasp, night-blooming orchid, underworld worm, ancient “walking cac-tus” creature, blue tarantula, Nepalese poppy, gi-
ant millipede, a sneezing monkey, Spongiforma squarepantsii fungus – named after a rather fa-mous cartoon character - and a beautiful but ven-omous jellyfish.This year’s top 10 come from Brazil, Myanmar, the Dutch Caribbean, South Africa, Papua New Guin-ea, Spain, Borneo, Nepal, China and Tanzania.
New Species of 2012
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From top left, clockwise: Teensy attack wasp, night-blooming orchid, underworld worm, ancient “walking cactus” creature, blue tarantula, Nepalese poppy, giant millipede, sneezing monkey,
Spongiforma squarepantsii fungus and a beautiful but venomous jellyfish
The species holds a new record as the largest mil-lipede (16cm) found in one of the world’s biodiver-sity hotspots, Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains.
Walking cactus (lobopod fossil): Although this new species looks more like a “walking cactus” than an animal at first glance, Diania cactiformis belongs to an extinct group called the armoured Lobopodia, which had wormlike bodies and multiple pairs of legs. The fossil was discovered in Cambrian de-posits about 520 million years old from southwest-ern China and is remarkable in its segmented legs that may indicate a common ancestry with arthro-pods, including insects and spiders.
Sazima’s tarantula: Breathtakingly beautiful, this
iridescent hairy blue tarantula is the first new animal species from Brazil to be named on the top 10 list. Pterinopelma sazimai is not the first or only blue tarantula but truly spectacular and from “is-land” ecosystems on flattop mountains.
Nepalese autumn poppy: This vibrant, tall, yellow poppy found in Nepal may have gone undescribed because of its high mountain habitat (10,827 to 13,780 feet). Named Meconopsis autumnalis for the autumn season when the plant flowers, there is evidence that this species was collected before but not recognised as new until intrepid botanists collecting plants miles from human habitation in heavy monsoon rains made the “rediscovery.”
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Just Monkeying Around
Can you find your way out
Dot around the numbers to form a picture
Word search to pass your time
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A reptile crossword puzzle to boggle your mind
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LOCAL PERSONALITIES WHO HAVE MADE
Iffat HameedFirst Pakistani origin female Radio presenter of BBC Radio - Sheffield
Sgt Murtaza AwanPakistani Police Officer
Cllr Ibrar HussainRepresents Burngreave ward for over 12 years
Cllr Talib HussainRepresents Burngreave Ward
Cllr Mahroof Hussain MBEFirst Pakistani cabinet member in Rotherham
Haji Ghulam NabiChairman of Friends of Kashmir, strived
for improved education in Kashmir
Ch Muhammed AliChairman PMC, largest Pakistani
Community organisation in Europe
Jawaid QaziRadio presenter for 20 years
Munawar KhanProfessional cricket coach
Shafqat MirzaA vetern international journalist, holds over 25 years of experience
Haji Mohammed Nazir OBE Former Cllr and community activist
Qari IsmaeelImam of Central Mosque of Birmingham
and also ofstead inspector
Mrs QureshiRuns a successful enterprise UMCC
for BME community
Abdul Qayoum JCPA successful businessman and a
Magistrate in Sheffield
Cllr Mohammed MahroofCllr for Central Ward - Sheffield
Nadeem ShahOwner of Vigo Group and succesful
businessman
Master Ibrar HussainA teacher by profession
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A DIFFERENCE IN THE COMMUNITY
Imran KhanProfessional Kick Boxing
Champion
Professor Saleem AkhtarChairman Council of Mosques
Molana Shoaib DesaiPrincipal of first Islamic primary
school in Sheffield
Ch Sajid HussainBusinessman and owner of first purpose
built Wedding Hall in Sheffield
Shahbaz RamzanSheffield City Council’s Safer
Neighbourhood Officer
Mohammed Maroof MRICSFirst asian property consultatnt /
surveyor in Sheffield
Ch Muhammed SarwarAt 117 years, he’s the oldest Pakistani
origin man living in Rotherham
Misbah Hussain MBEReceived MBE for her extensive social work
ex Cllr Ali QaderFirst Muslim councillor for LibDem who
held office for 16 years in Netheredge
PC Mohammed ArifA policeman, who is also an ambassodor to
Pakistan from South Yorkshire Police
Waheed AkhtarOfficer at Rotherham borough council and also a BBC Radio Sheffield presenter
Ch Mohammed ZahurA successful Chartered Accountant and also an active local politician and JCP
Israr AsifProfessional Heavy Weight
Boxer, trains in Dennis Hobson gym
Afseer ShaheenA teacher and education manager of largest purpose built mosque of S.Yorks, Madina Mosque
Molana Aslam ZahidChairman United Council of Mosques
Zack KhanFirst Muslim Pro Body building
Champion
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SheffieldS7 1FJ
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Independence Day was celebrated in the PMC on 14th August.Lord Nazir, Chairman of PMC Ch. Muhammad Ali, Lord Mayor of Sheffield John Campbell, and other dignataries of Sheffield attended the celebrations
The Pakistani national anthem was sung and the flag was raised in honour of the beloved country, when the flag was raised by the Lord Mayor and Lord Nazir, flower petals were released from the flag. This beautiful atmosphere was enjoyed by all.
Children sang national songs of celebration. Ladies too participated in the event. Ullema recited duas for the safety and prosperity of Paki-stan. PMC has been serving the Pakistani and BME community for 27 years. PMC is the biggest establishment of its kind serving the community in south Yorkshire Children, youngsters and older people are always included in special programmes to expand their opportunities.
Sewing, English courses, cooking, catering, gym, day centre for the elderly, excursions and day trips for elderly, ladies lunch club, Milan group, men’s healthy lifestyle project are just some of the ongoing projects of the PMC.
Cricket, volleyball, badminton, are just some of sports the PMC sports sections overlooks. The PMC sports section arranges all tournaments associated with them. The chairman of the sports section is Syed Fayyaz Hussain, chief editor of LM News.
Another most helpful service the PMC provide include the consulate surgery which takes place every 6 weeks, where the consulate staff from Bradford attend to discuss matters with members of the public. The success would not be possible without the direction of the Chairman of the PMC, Mr Ch. Mohammad Ali and all staff at the PMC.
Zahid Saleem
Zeeshan Naqvi
Ch M Ali Syed Fayyaz Hussain
Afraz Khan Ibrar Khan
ALLAMA IQBAL SUNDAY CRICKET LEAGUE PMC SHEFFIELD - SPORTS COMMITTEE
Pakistani Soldier Salutes the Founder of Pakistan
Quaid-e-Azam M Ali Jinnahand the National Flag
PAKISTAN MUSLIM CENTRE (PMC)
Photo taken at PMC on 14th of August 2012, Lord Ahmed
roles the Pakistani flag during National Anthem
Picture of Abbey Diner CC on the left and Al-Mahdi XI CC on the right with Lord Mayor of Sheffield, John Campbell, Chairman PMC Ch M Ali and Chairman PMC Sport Syed Fayyaz Hussain during the Cup Final of Allama Iqbal Sunday Cricket League PMC - Sheffield
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ILM City Atchison Elementary Public School Rajoya Sadaat is a school which was established in 1994 as private school for local children of Rajoya Sadaat, its a small village in District Chiniot with a population of 35,000, mostly of a poor background. Villag-ers are unable to send their children to English medium schools as the fee’s are too high.
Unfortunately in today’s world, education has become a busi-ness, almost commercialised. Instead it should be geared towards human development. When confronted with the injustices and inequalities in the world, we now realise opportunity to any child can give a platform for a great future.
Bringing any child to the fore front of thinking makes us feel positive. Therefore we at ILM feel any institution or education system, whether small or large always contributes to the wider picture.
We are all fortunate to have been educated but it’s also important to make education accessible to those less fortunate by giving them the necessary opportunity and support. Every child contributes to the prosperity of a nation.
The gap between those who could afford it and those who could not always remained. When Pakistan was struck by the devastating floods every Pakistani outside of Pakistan felt compelled to help in any way they could, and my family decided to make the school free education for all children and release the parents from the
burden of paying the fees.
Since 2010 the schools status was change to charity school where all students are now receiving free education, this has giving opportunity to all the less fortunate children who were unable to afford the school fees, can now study for FREE.
ILM City Atchison Elementary Public School Rajoya (Sheffield) has been supported by Syed Fayyaz Hussain, the Chief Editor of ILM News. ILM News is South Yorkshire’s first bi-lingual newspaper which is published in English and URDU, the newspaper is published from Sheffield and is distributed in 8 cities.
ILM has supported the school financially for several years now and we would invite others to support this ongoing worthy project.
You can now also contribute by donating gener-ously on the account details provided below, alternatively you can contact, Syed Fayyaz Hussain on 0789 4010 808 / 0114 327 0504 or Syed Muhammad Ali Shah in Pakistan 0092 344 781 2786
Account Name: City Atchison Public School, Rajoya SadaatAccount Number: 06737100053803Bank: Habib Bank Limited, Pakistan.
