ILO-HSF PROJECTILO-HSF PROJECT‘ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT ‘ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF RETURNED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING’ OF RETURNED VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING’
PROJECT OVERVIEWPROJECT OVERVIEW
Robert L. LargaRobert L. LargaNational Project CoordinatorNational Project Coordinator
It is said that …………….It is said that ……………. There are more than 9 million Filipinos abroad, There are more than 9 million Filipinos abroad,
either as immigrants or temporary migrants, in at either as immigrants or temporary migrants, in at least 87 countriesleast 87 countries
10% of the Phil. Population live and work 10% of the Phil. Population live and work overseas, sending back US$8B p.a.overseas, sending back US$8B p.a.
Significant destinations are Saudi Arabia, Significant destinations are Saudi Arabia, HK/China, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and the HK/China, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and the USUS
It is said that …………….It is said that ……………. The Philippines is a source, transit and destination The Philippines is a source, transit and destination
country country
The 2006 UNODC Trafficking in Persons Report cites The 2006 UNODC Trafficking in Persons Report cites the Philippines as “HIGH” among origin countries; the Philippines as “HIGH” among origin countries; “MEDIUM” among destination countries; and “VERY “MEDIUM” among destination countries; and “VERY LOW” among transit countriesLOW” among transit countries
Philippines ranked “HIGH” among countries of origin in Philippines ranked “HIGH” among countries of origin in AsiaAsia
RP referred as among countries of origin of trafficked RP referred as among countries of origin of trafficked persons to North America and Oceaniapersons to North America and Oceania
It is said that …………….It is said that ……………. UNODC Report also cites Bangkok as transit for UNODC Report also cites Bangkok as transit for
Filipino nationals being trafficked to ItalyFilipino nationals being trafficked to Italy
Major destinations for trafficking for forced Major destinations for trafficking for forced prostitution from Indonesia and the Philippines prostitution from Indonesia and the Philippines include Australia, HK-SAR, China, Japan, South include Australia, HK-SAR, China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Korea and Taiwan (ILO, “A global alliance (ILO, “A global alliance against child labor: A Global Report”, 2005)against child labor: A Global Report”, 2005)
Internal trafficking from rural to urban Internal trafficking from rural to urban metropolitan areas also exists either for metropolitan areas also exists either for commercial sexual exploitation or forced laborcommercial sexual exploitation or forced labor
It is said that …………….It is said that ……………. In Southeast Asia, Thailand and the Philippines In Southeast Asia, Thailand and the Philippines
are among the countries facing serious problems are among the countries facing serious problems of trafficking in personsof trafficking in persons
Policies and measures have been adopted to Policies and measures have been adopted to address the situationaddress the situation
Return and reintegration has remained the least Return and reintegration has remained the least concern of policy and program interventions, or if concern of policy and program interventions, or if so, inadequately or inappropriately addressedso, inadequately or inappropriately addressed
KEY CHALLENGES FACING RETURNEES KEY CHALLENGES FACING RETURNEES UPON RETURNUPON RETURN
Stigmatization; family relationshipsStigmatization; family relationships
Financial problemsFinancial problems
Psychosocial; medical; and health issuesPsychosocial; medical; and health issues
Large number of women marrying Large number of women marrying Japanese men return as single mothersJapanese men return as single mothers
KEY CHALLENGES FACING RETURNEES KEY CHALLENGES FACING RETURNEES UPON RETURNUPON RETURN
For the unskilled, self-employment often seen as For the unskilled, self-employment often seen as the only option for returnees (or re-migrating)the only option for returnees (or re-migrating)
Success of self-employment limited - capital not Success of self-employment limited - capital not skills the main gains from migrationskills the main gains from migration
Those who work in domestic or entertainment Those who work in domestic or entertainment sectors abroad won’t do the same at homesectors abroad won’t do the same at home
Age, relationships and economics are the main Age, relationships and economics are the main factors affecting reintegration factors affecting reintegration
KEY REINTEGRATION ISSUESKEY REINTEGRATION ISSUES
Lack of informationLack of information: in detail and recent : in detail and recent informationinformation
Few official returnsFew official returns: small numbers; general : small numbers; general approach; lack follow-upapproach; lack follow-up
Many unofficial returnsMany unofficial returns: difficulty in identifying : difficulty in identifying and accessing returneesand accessing returnees
Referral systemReferral system: need to ensure effective : need to ensure effective coordination and provision of servicescoordination and provision of services
KEY REINTEGRATION ISSUESKEY REINTEGRATION ISSUES
Community-based approachCommunity-based approach: need to adopt : need to adopt more community-based reintegrationmore community-based reintegration
Psycho-social assistancePsycho-social assistance: lack resources and : lack resources and capacitycapacity
Complaint mechanism and legal follow-upComplaint mechanism and legal follow-up: : systems to be set in placesystems to be set in place
Lack of employment opportunitiesLack of employment opportunities: need : need economic activities with market (a work that economic activities with market (a work that works)works)
PROJECT FOCUSPROJECT FOCUS
ObjectiveObjective TO SUPPORT THE HUMANE REINTEGRATION OF TO SUPPORT THE HUMANE REINTEGRATION OF
RETURNED MIGRANTS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED RETURNED MIGRANTS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED EXPLOITATION OR ABUSE ABROAD – AND WHO NEED EXPLOITATION OR ABUSE ABROAD – AND WHO NEED ASSISTANCEASSISTANCE
By the end of the project:By the end of the project: Returned migrants who have faced exploitation abroad, will Returned migrants who have faced exploitation abroad, will
have been assisted, empowered and protected from further have been assisted, empowered and protected from further exploitation including re-traffickingexploitation including re-trafficking
The capacities of the reintegration service providers will have The capacities of the reintegration service providers will have been improvedbeen improved
PROJECT SCOPEPROJECT SCOPE
Timeframe and coverage Timeframe and coverage (3 years, 2006-2009)(3 years, 2006-2009) Philippines and ThailandPhilippines and Thailand
Target groupTarget group 150-200 returned migrant per year per country (450-600 for 150-200 returned migrant per year per country (450-600 for
the project period; will also depend on actual numbers of the project period; will also depend on actual numbers of returnees)returnees)
Both official and unofficial returnees (returning on their own)Both official and unofficial returnees (returning on their own) Priority to:Priority to:
migrants within Southeast/East Asia (Japan; Malaysia; migrants within Southeast/East Asia (Japan; Malaysia; Singapore; Hong Kong; Taiwan; China; South Korea)Singapore; Hong Kong; Taiwan; China; South Korea)
teenagers and young womenteenagers and young women recently returned migrants (within the last two years)recently returned migrants (within the last two years) other groups: men; those returned more than 2 years agoother groups: men; those returned more than 2 years ago
Target Group and Trafficking DefinitionTarget Group and Trafficking Definition
Trafficking is…Trafficking is… By means of…By means of… For the purpose of For the purpose of exploitation including…exploitation including…
(Action)(Action) (Means)(Means) (Purpose)(Purpose)
Recruitment Recruitment ThreatThreat Forced labour or servicesForced labour or services
TransportationTransportation Use of forceUse of force The prostitution of othersThe prostitution of others
TransferTransfer CoercionCoercion Slavery or practices similar to Slavery or practices similar to slaveryslavery
HarboringHarboring AbductionAbduction ServitudeServitude
ReceiptReceipt FraudFraud Prostitution of othersProstitution of others
DeceptionDeception Other forms of sexual Other forms of sexual exploitationexploitation
Abuse of powerAbuse of power Removal of organsRemoval of organs
Abuse of position of Abuse of position of vulnerabilityvulnerability
Giving or receiving payment or Giving or receiving payment or benefitsbenefits
IDENTIFYING TARGET GROUPIDENTIFYING TARGET GROUP
Keeping in mind that:Keeping in mind that:
Trafficking in persons is occurring within the larger context of Trafficking in persons is occurring within the larger context of migratory flows. Many migrants have faced exploitation abroad – migratory flows. Many migrants have faced exploitation abroad – although not legally identified as trafficking cases. although not legally identified as trafficking cases.
Need to be needs oriented and include assistance to unofficial Need to be needs oriented and include assistance to unofficial returnees (exploitation and need of assistance are key)returnees (exploitation and need of assistance are key)
There are not enough official identified victims of trafficking to meet There are not enough official identified victims of trafficking to meet the target numbers for the project (against unofficial returnees)the target numbers for the project (against unofficial returnees)
Many women do not see themselves as victims of trafficking – even Many women do not see themselves as victims of trafficking – even if they have been exploited etc. For them the “trafficking box” might if they have been exploited etc. For them the “trafficking box” might feel artificialfeel artificial
PROJECT FUNDINGPROJECT FUNDING
BudgetBudget
Total of close to US$ 2 Million (2 countries over 3 years)Total of close to US$ 2 Million (2 countries over 3 years) Sub-contracts amount to approx $380,000 per countrySub-contracts amount to approx $380,000 per country Approximate budget breakdown: 15% on knowledge; 25% Approximate budget breakdown: 15% on knowledge; 25%
capacity building; 65% direct assistancecapacity building; 65% direct assistance
DonorDonor
Funded by the Government of Japan and the UN through the Funded by the Government of Japan and the UN through the Human Security FundHuman Security Fund
Project structure & staffProject structure & staff
CTA ILO-TICW Project
National Project CoordinatorChiang Rai
International Programme OfficerBangkok National Project Coordinator
Manila
National Project SecretaryManilaRegional Admin Assistant
Bangkok
ILO-IPEC, HQDonor, HSF, Japan
ILO-ROAP Specialists
APPROACHESAPPROACHES
Develop a flexible approach that provides real solutions Develop a flexible approach that provides real solutions to the individual (to the individual (versus ‘one size fits all solution’versus ‘one size fits all solution’))
Work with and for returnees in order to empower them to Work with and for returnees in order to empower them to improve their situationimprove their situation
Listen and learn carefully from returnees about their Listen and learn carefully from returnees about their concerns, needs and ideasconcerns, needs and ideas
Respect differences between individuals and different Respect differences between individuals and different choiceschoices
Respect and protect privacy and confidentialityRespect and protect privacy and confidentiality Promote self-reliance and resiliencyPromote self-reliance and resiliency Foster a rights-based, bottom-up approachFoster a rights-based, bottom-up approach
STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
Improving the knowledge baseImproving the knowledge base Track and tracer study on returneesTrack and tracer study on returnees Mapping of available services and support mechanismMapping of available services and support mechanism
Capacity building/systems developmentCapacity building/systems development Improving the capacities of service providers to reintegrate returned Improving the capacities of service providers to reintegrate returned
migrants migrants Developing a central and systematic referral mechanismDeveloping a central and systematic referral mechanism Developing returnees profile and success indicatorsDeveloping returnees profile and success indicators Strengthening the capacity of social workers to develop individual Strengthening the capacity of social workers to develop individual
reintegration plansreintegration plans Strengthening linkages between key agencies and organizations in Strengthening linkages between key agencies and organizations in
sending and receiving countriessending and receiving countries
STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES
Direct supportDirect support Referral to social servicesReferral to social services Development of individual reintegration plansDevelopment of individual reintegration plans Health care & psychological counseling if neededHealth care & psychological counseling if needed Legal assistanceLegal assistance Economic reintegration (career counseling, income generation Economic reintegration (career counseling, income generation
activities, vocational training and job placement services)activities, vocational training and job placement services) Social reintegration (peer to peer support networks)Social reintegration (peer to peer support networks) Family support (family counseling and community-based Family support (family counseling and community-based
awareness)awareness) Provision of longer term reintegration programsProvision of longer term reintegration programs
Campaign: Safe migration – Safe Return Campaign: Safe migration – Safe Return
PartnersPartners
Department of Social Welfare and Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)Development (DSWD)
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) (OWWA)
BATIS + BATIS AWAREBATIS + BATIS AWARE DAWNDAWN Kanlungan Center FoundationKanlungan Center Foundation Workers & Employers OrganizationsWorkers & Employers Organizations
Links & collaborationLinks & collaboration
Government• Key ministries HSDS, MOL etc.• Focal departments: BATWC, DSWD, OWWA• Other departments: VT, Edu, Health• Provincial authorities: (Phayao, Chiang Rai)
Employers & Workers Organisations
NGO’s & INGO’sThailand: FFW, SEPOM, YMCA, CPCRPhilippines: BATIS, AWARE, DAWNSave the ChildrenOthers.
International agencies• IOM• UNODC• UNAIP• Others
ILO projects & specialist• TICW project• Asia migration project (EU)• Asia migration project (Japan)• Skills and gender unit• HQ, ROAP
ILO-HSF2Reintegration
Project
The project contributes to the implementation of The project contributes to the implementation of the IACAT’s National Strategic Action Plan Against the IACAT’s National Strategic Action Plan Against
Trafficking in Persons (2004-2010).Trafficking in Persons (2004-2010).
IACAT Strategic ILO-HSFIACAT Strategic ILO-HSF Activities Project Activities/Outputs Activities Project Activities/Outputs Organize trafficked Organize trafficked
persons through the persons through the creation of survivor groupscreation of survivor groups
Make available skills Make available skills training and livelihood training and livelihood servicesservices
Conduct capability building Conduct capability building activities for service activities for service providersproviders
Strengthen mechanisms Strengthen mechanisms for provision of for provision of interventionsinterventions
Peer-to-peer support Peer-to-peer support networksnetworks
Economic reintegration Economic reintegration activitiesactivities
Trainings for service Trainings for service providersproviders
Referral systemReferral system
IACAT Strategic ILO-HSFIACAT Strategic ILO-HSF Activities Project Activities/Outputs Activities Project Activities/Outputs Establish a data bank to Establish a data bank to
identity efficient and identity efficient and effective measures and effective measures and services for victims and services for victims and their familiestheir families
Establish collaborative Establish collaborative mechanism as the local mechanism as the local levellevel
Conduct research and Conduct research and documentation of best documentation of best practices on reintegrationpractices on reintegration
Reintegration data baseReintegration data base
Family and community Family and community support mechanismssupport mechanisms
Track and tracer study; Track and tracer study; mapping of available mapping of available services; documentation services; documentation of good practicesof good practices
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
