Image shutterstock.com CHAPTER 7 Understanding House Plans
Slide 3
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Interpret architectural
drawings. Describe how computers can assist in understanding house
plans. Organize space by grouping rooms according to function. Plan
safe and convenient traffic patterns. Evaluate storage needs and
space. Summarize ways to modify housing for people with physical
disabilities. Objectives
Slide 4
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House
Architectural drawings contain information about the size shape
location of parts of the house These drawings vary in complexity
and depth depending on their intended purpose and use
continued
Slide 5
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House
Types of architectural drawings include schematic drawings
(freehand sketches for a proposed design) presentation drawings
(refined drawings for publication or presentation to client) Edwin
Verin/Shutterstock.com continued jl661227/Shutterstock.com
Slide 6
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House An
additional type of architectural drawing includes construction
drawings (detailed instructions and drawings for the builder)
501room/Shutterstock.com Khakimullin Aleksandr/Shutterstock.com
continued
Slide 7
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House A
schedule is an organized chart that contains details of the house
plan that do not fit on the plan itself, such as paint color
Another document, the specifications, includes the types and
quality of materials to use instructions for use of the materials
continued
Slide 8
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Architectural Drawings for a House
Architectural drawings are proportional to actual size, which is
called drawn to scale Drawings for a house are normally drawn to a
scale of = 1 continued
Slide 9
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings
Computers have brought about changes in making architectural
drawings Originally, drafters in architects or contractors offices
used manual drafting machines and instruments to create most
architectural drawings
Slide 10
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings Today,
drafters use computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) software to
create most drawings The CADD software varies from a simple
home-plan design to more complex software that requires extensive
training continued Leremy/Shutterstock.com
Slide 11
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings One of
the newest tools for architects, designers, and builders is the
Building Information Model (BIM) BIM embraces every stage of a
buildings lifecycle, including structural integrity and
environmental impact design and construction maintenance sometimes
demolition continued
Slide 12
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Prints of Architectural Drawings After
the architectural drawing is completed, a print is made to share
with all team members A print is a copy of the architectural
drawing The original paper used consisted of white lines on blue
paper and was referred to as a blueprint
Guchi81/Shutterstock.com
Slide 13
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Alphabet of Lines Different lines are
used on the drawings to communicate ideas clearly and accurately
These lines are referred to as the alphabet of lines
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Slide 14
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Symbols Symbols are also used on
drawings, and include structural (doors, windows, etc.) fixtures
(kitchen sink, bathtub, etc.) appliances (range, refrigerator,
etc.) electrical fixtures (light switch, receptacles, etc.)
continued
Slide 15
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Symbols These are examples of symbols
used to communicate different furniture and fixture components of a
home Notice the sinks and bathtub SASIMOTO/Shutterstock.com
Slide 16
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Plan Views A plan view, shows the house
from a birds- eye viewlooking down on the space The floor plan
shows the size and arrangement of the rooms hallways doors and
windows storage areas The floor plan is the most important drawing
in a set of house plans
Slide 17
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Elevation Views Exterior elevations are
architectural drawings that show the outside views of the house An
elevation view shows the finished exterior appearance of a given
side of the house Mariya Ermolaeva/Shutterstock.com
Slide 18
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section Views and Detail Views A
section view shows what the house would look like if there was a
horizontal slice through a section of the house A detail view shows
an enlargement of some architectural feature, such as this window
Kalmatsuy Tatyana/Shutterstock.com
Slide 19
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models Some drawings
allow clients to better visualize the finished house A rendering is
a presentation drawing with color, texture, and shadows that shows
a realistic view of the completed house continued
jl661227/Shutterstock.com
Slide 20
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models A model is a
three-dimensional miniature of a design Manually making renderings
and models can be time-consuming and costly Computer renderings and
models are often used today, such as this house example continued
Franck Boston/Shutterstock.com
Slide 21
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Renderings and Models An isometric
drawing shows a three- dimensional birds-eye view of a space at
30-degree angles wibowo/Shutterstock.com
Slide 22
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Space Within When planning the
space within a house, consider the occupant needs and preferences
activities habits lifestyle life situations Then determine the
placement of the activities in the home
Slide 23
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Grouping by Functional Zones The rooms
in a house are grouped by function, including private areas work
areas social areas
Slide 24
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Private Area The private area
provides rooms for sleeping, resting, grooming, and dressing, and
consists of bedrooms and bathrooms Some bedrooms become
multipurpose rooms when they also provide space for other
activities takito/Shutterstock.com
Slide 25
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area The work area includes
all parts of the house used to maintain and service others Rooms in
the work area include the kitchen laundry area utility rooms garage
workshop home office continued takito/Shutterstock.com
Slide 26
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area The kitchen often takes
the most space in the work area A well-designed kitchen makes
working easier and more efficient The kitchen has three major
activity areas, including the food preparation center cleanup
center cooking and serving center continued
Slide 27
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area A work triangle is one
way to evaluate a well-designed kitchen The work triangle is an
imaginary line connecting the appliances associated with the three
major activity areas as shown here continued
takito/Shutterstock.com
Slide 28
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Work Area A variety of kitchen
designs includes the Peninsula layout L-shaped layout U-shaped
layout Corridor layout One-wall layout Island layout Each design
has advantages and disadvantages
Slide 29
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Social Area The social area
provides space for daily living, entertaining, and recreation Rooms
and areas included are entrances, dining rooms, living rooms, and
family rooms takito/Shutterstock.com
Slide 30
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Separating Areas and Rooms The areas
and rooms need to be separated from one another Separating the
areas and rooms of the house can be done in various ways, including
separate floors of the home hallways walls continued
Slide 31
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Separating Areas and Rooms An open
house plan may have large spaces that serve several functions and
separate areas, such as alcoves varied ceiling heights balconies
screens freestanding storage units careful furniture
arrangement
Slide 32
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Room Relationships The nearness of
connections between various rooms is important for convenience and
ease of use For example, it is helpful to have the kitchen close to
the dining room garage close to the kitchen bathrooms close to the
bedrooms
Slide 33
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities
Circulation refers to movement related to activities in the home
The house design should allow easy and efficient circulation There
are four types of circulation that impact living space, including
family, guest, work, and service continued
Slide 34
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities
Hallways provide for circulation activities in this home They allow
easy movement into the house and to rooms in the house continued
David Hughes/Shutterstock.com
Slide 35
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Family
members should be able to move freely throughout the house without
passing through another bedroom Guests should have access to a coat
closet, living room, and dining room without having to go through
the work area or private areas a bathroom continued
Slide 36
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Types of Circulation Activities Work
areas like the kitchen should have easy access to the service
entrance basement and garage laundry/utility areas Service areas
allow movement of persons into and out of the home and includes
taking garbage out bringing in groceries
Slide 37
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns Traffic patterns are
needed to move easily within a room from room to room to and from
the outside Just like car traffic, congestion can occur if routes
are blocked or difficult to move through continued
Slide 38
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns The arrows on this
floor plan show some of the traffic patterns in the home continued
takito/Shutterstock.com
Slide 39
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Traffic Patterns Generally, traffic
patterns in homes need to be about 40 inches wide Major traffic
patterns should avoid the private area of the home to prevent added
noise lead to work areas but not through them, to avoid accidents
not go through social areas because this can interrupt
conversation, study, or TV viewing
Slide 40
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Space for Doors All doors require space
to open and close Some doors require more space than others Care
should be taken to make sure a door does not interfere with the
traffic patterns
Slide 41
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss The door
swing symbols indicate which direction the doors swing Can all
these doors open without interfering with the people traffic? Why
or why not? frank ungrad/Shutterstock.com
Slide 42
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Survey the Storage Space It is
important to have adequate storage available throughout the home
Storage needs to be in conveniently located places close to where
the items are used Built-in storage includes shelves and drawers
built into the house
Slide 43
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Survey the Storage Space Carefully
evaluate the floor plan for the adequacy of storage needed the
amount of storage available Determine the storage available before
moving in Anne Kitzman/Shutterstock.com
Slide 44
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Planning for Storage When planning for
storage, consider the needs of the individual occupants common-use
storage needs Devote about 10 percent of the house floor space for
planned for storage Storage can be provided by closets built-in
shelves and drawers furniture pieces
Slide 45
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan Although
there is no perfect floor plan, evaluating the floor plan can
identify areas that need attention to make the house easy and
convenient to live in and use There are some questions you can ask
when evaluating a floor plan continued
Slide 46
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan A no to these
questions indicates a challenge to address Would all members of the
household have enough space to satisfy their needs? Are rooms
grouped according to function? Are private areas away from public
view and traffic? If a multipurpose room exists, can it be used for
all the intended purposes? continued
Slide 47
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Evaluating the Floor Plan A no to these
additional questions indicates a challenge to address Are eating
areas close to the kitchen? Is space provided for entertaining as
well as day-to-day activities? Are the entrances conveniently
located? Are the traffic patterns safe and convenient? Is storage
adequate and convenient? Is the house free of barriers?
Slide 48
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss
Evaluating the floor plan is important before making a housing
choice How would you evaluate the grouping of rooms (zoning or
areas) in the floor plan? What are the advantages and disadvantages
of the closeness of the kitchen and eating area? Anna
Marynenko/Shutterstock.com yampi/Shutterstock.com
Slide 49
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Housing Modifications for People with
Special Needs For all members of the household, including those
with mobility limitations, housing should provide convenience
safety accessibility This includes the exterior and interior area
of the home
Slide 50
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exteriors Accessibility considerations
for exteriors include flat lots for easy access entrances facing
south (to melt ice and snow) nonskid surfaces driveways and garages
wide enough to move in and around with wheelchairs automatic garage
door openers with automatic lights continued
Slide 51
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Exteriors Additional exterior
accessibility considerations include a flat entrance with no steps
ramps with handrails wide sidewalks, ramps, and entries for easy
use by wheelchairs push-button/automatic doors lever door handles
good lighting outdoors and at entry areas
Slide 52
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Accessible interior
considerations include stairs that are not steep wood or
hard-surface floor coverings, low pile carpet (for easy mobility)
floor plans that accommodate wheelchairs or walkers open traffic
lanes leading to specific areas continued
Slide 53
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss Ability
to open a door is an accessibility issue for some people How easy
would these door handles and knobs be to use by all persons? What
features make them accessible or inaccessible?
yampi/Shutterstock.com Christophe Testi/Shutterstock.com
Slide 54
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Other interior accessibility
considerations include halls that are at least 4 feet wide rooms
with adequate turnaround space for wheelchairs (usually 5 feet)
doors that swing both ways or fold for ease of use and 32 doorways
storage space, equipment, and appliances within easy reach
continued
Slide 55
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Interiors Additional accessibility
considerations are electrical outlets 2436 off floor and switches
no higher than 48 pull out trays and drawers mounted sinks and
toilets for easy access doors for showers/bathtubs for easy access
grab bars in toilets, bathtubs/showers lever handles home
elevator/staircase lift
Slide 56
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Discuss Flooring
materials require special consideration Which of these two flooring
materials would be better for a wheelchair? Why? Vadym
Andrushchenko/Shutterstock.comBreadmaker/Shutterstock.com
Slide 57
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Architectural
drawings contain information about the size, shape, and location of
all parts of a house Architectural drawings are drawn to scale
Prints are made from the scaled drawings and include schedules
specifications Architectural drawings include several views Recap
continued
Slide 58
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Becoming
familiar with the special lines and symbols used on architectural
plans leads to understanding Types of architectural drawings for a
house include plan (floor plan), elevation (exterior), section, and
detail views isometric drawings renderings and models Recap
continued
Slide 59
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Consider actual
space needs within a house Rooms are generally grouped by function
room relationship circulation activities Space is divided into
three areas, including private areas work areas social areas Recap
continued
Slide 60
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Planned traffic
patterns help reduce and prevent traffic congestion provide space
for opening doors Organizing space to provide adequate storage
includes using built-in storage storage units storage furniture
Recap continued
Slide 61
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Image shutterstock.com Modifications to
the exterior and interior of a space are sometimes necessary to
meet the needs of household members who have physical disabilities
Houses that are safe, convenient, and accessible for people who
have disabilities will meet the needs of any occupant Recap