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Technovision-2014: 1st International Conference at SITS, Narhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014

All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, PunePublished by IJECCE (www.ijecce.org) 173

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer EngineeringVolume 5, Issue (4) July, Technovision-2014, ISSN 2249–071X

Image Transmission through SMSAshish A. Mahajan

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationsSinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India

Email: ashish_mahajan155@yahoo.com

Prof. Y. D. ChincholkarDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications

Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, IndiaEmail: ydchincholkar.scoe@sinhgad.edu

Abstract – Communication plays a vital role in our life.Visual communication is one of the important part ofcommunication as it helps to explain the situation effectively.Visual communication involves sharing of photos/imageswith each other. If the other person is far away, then it is notpossible to send the photos/images without using internet.Thus, this paper provides a solution to this problem using theGSM network’s SMS technique. People regularly use SMSfor communicating with each other. Hence, by converting theimage into SMS characters, one can show any image orreference about the picture, without the internet connection,to other person who is far away. This technique will helppeople to transmit image efficiently and effectively even ifinternet connection is not present using any mobile phone.The basic idea involves transmission of image from onedevice to another using image processing, color imageconversion and compression and SMS technique.

Keywords – SMS Technique, Image Processing, ImageConversion, Image Compression.

I. INTRODUCTION

Now-a-days, SMS is used in a tremendous way byeveryone for communicating with each other as it is one ofthe fastest means of data communication and it hasbecome an integral part for communicating through themobile phones. But sometimes people need to givereference of the discussion topic by sharing images.Internet provides many options for sharing the images butwhat if the internet connection is absent and still peoplewant to share the image. Thus, in that case, forsending/sharing the image, the SMS Technique can beused.

Fig.1. A simple image (example)[12]

Image processing has vast field of research because ofits applications in various fields like image segmentation,restoration, satellite as well as medical image processing[1]. Basically, images such as photograph, screen displayetc can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Optical

devices such as camera etc can be used to capture theimages/photos. SMS is name given for all the differenttypes of short text messaging. The Global System forMobile Communications (GSM) includes SMS in its seriesof standards. SMS uses standardized communicationsprotocols.

It is a text messaging service component of mobilecommunication systems, phone or web. It allows theexchange of short text messages between fixed line ormobile phone devices [8]. SMS has national andinternational roaming facilities.

The other messaging services or technologies providedby GSM Architecture are EMS and MMS. They havericher contents than SMS. EMS, Extended MessagingService, is not widely supported. It is generally used tosend predefined sounds, images and animations. MMS,Multimedia Messaging Service, uses store-and-forwardmethod over wireless networks like GPRS, 3G using theWAP protocol which demands up gradation in thenetworks, is used to transmit graphics, video clips, soundfiles. SMS text messaging is used tremendouslyeverywhere the world making it the most widely used dataapplication with over 3.7 billion active users , or 74% ofall mobile phone subscribers.

Fig.2. SMS messages sent monthly in USA (billion)[8]

SMS is a medium used for sending messages to andfrom GSM mobile handsets, having length of 160characters. It is very important that the length of singlemessage is restricted to 160 seven-bit characters; which is140 bytes, so that the existing signaling formats cansupport the messages [11]. The text message shouldcontain only those characters which are present in theGSM 7-bit character set, so that 140 bytes (8- bits) areobtained from 160 seven-bit characters to generate the 160

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Technovision-2014: 1st International Conference at SITS, Narhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014

All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, PunePublished by IJECCE (www.ijecce.org) 174

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer EngineeringVolume 5, Issue (4) July, Technovision-2014, ISSN 2249–071X

character limit. The segmentation and reassemblystandards are defined, if a message is larger than 140 bytes(8- bits), so that multiple physical SMS messages can begenerated and sent over the air for a single logicalmessage. The receiving client should reassemble thesegmented message so that the receiving device can viewit as a single message.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The Literature Survey involves the study of RGB ColorModel, Color Depth and the different types of images,namely color image, grayscale image and binary imagethat can be used to transfer from one device to another.The RGB color model is nothing but an additive colormodel. A broad array of colors can be obtained by addingtogether red, green, and blue light in various ways. TheRGB color model is mainly used for display of images,sensing the images and representation the images inelectronic systems which includes phones, televisions andcomputers.

A single pixel consists of various numbers of bits knownas color depth or bit depth which is used to indicate thecolor in bitmapped image quantified as bits per pixel(bpp). The grayscale digital image is an image in which iscomposed exclusively of shades of gray. It varies fromweakest intensity to strongest intensity which means fromblack to white. Each pixel has a value of single sample andit carries only intensity information [1]. Now-a-days,grayscale images are commonly stored with 8 bits persampled pixel intended for visual display. This helps toobtain 256 different intensities (i.e., shades of gray).

It also involves the study of existing techniques or tocheck what all techniques are available to transfer animage from one device to another like MMS Technique,Bluetooth Technique, OTA Bitmap Technique by Nokia,Attaching through Mail, through some androidapplications like WhatsApp etc. MMS makes the use ofcarrier's MMSC store and forward server which is knownas MMSC for delivering the messages which is completelydifferent way from SMS. Bluetooth uses short-wavelengthradio transmissions for exchanging data over shortdistances. It is a wireless technology standard. It cannot beused to transfer the data for long distance. OTA Bitmap orOver The Air Bitmap was designed for black and whiteimages by Nokia to send pictures as a series of one ormore concatenated SMS text messages [9].

III. RELATED WORK

C. Saravanan has proposed a new algorithm to convertthe color image into grayscale image and preservesharpness contrasts, shadow, and structure of the colorimage [1]. Sherif A. Mohamed and Moustafa M. Fahmyhas proposed a new binary image coding technique inwhich firstly the black regions in the input image are

partitioned into a number of nonoverlapping rectanglesand then each rectangle consists of two opposite vertices.The coordinates of these two opposite vertices arecompressed using a simple procedure that allows thedecoder to reconstruct the original image [2]. Pasi Fräntiand Olli Nevalainen has proposed a new two-stagemodeling schema that is used along with arithmetic codingwhich helps to consume less time [3]. M. Kafashan,H.Hosseini, S.Beygiharchegani, P.Pad and F.Marvastihave proposed two lossless compression techniques thatrepresent a two dimensional Run-length coding which canachieve high compression ratio [4]. Bekir Karlık andMustafa Sarıöz have presented a novel method on coloringthe grayscale images by combination of artificial neuralnetworks and some image processing algorithms wasdeveloped using which the colors from a user-selectedsource image can be transferred to a target grayscaleimage [5]. Mrs. Smriti Kumar and Mr. Ayush Swarnkarhave introduced a general technique for “colorizing”grayscale images by transferring color from a source colorimage to a destination or target grayscale image [6].Melander, Per (SE) has introduced a method of processingdata to be transferred in an SMS message in accordancewith a predetermined conversion table [7].

IV. PROPOSED WORK

The proposed method is that the image will be convertedinto characters and transmitted through SMS technique bythe sender and the receiver will convert the charactersback to image. The block diagram of “Image TransmissionThrough SMS” is as shown:

Fig.3. Proposed Block Diagram of Image Transmissionthrough SMS

The Elements involved in the Block Diagram areSending Image, SMS_IMAGE Encoder, Sender MobilePhone, Transmission Cloud, Receiver Mobile Phone,SMS_IMAGE Decoder, and Received Image. This methodwill help all the mobile phones to transfer the image fromone mobile to another even if they are very far and withoutinternet connection. The images can be of different sizes.Hence as the size of the image increases, the number ofsections increases which will ultimately increase the

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Technovision-2014: 1st International Conference at SITS, Narhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014

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International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer EngineeringVolume 5, Issue (4) July, Technovision-2014, ISSN 2249–071X

number of messages sent between sender and receiver. Asthe image size increases, the complexity also increases.Compression and De-compression techniques can be usedfor reducing the number of messages required for sendingthe image.

V. METHODOLOGY

The main function of SMS_IMAGE ENCODER is toconvert the IMAGE into an SMS and the main function ofSMS_IMAGE DECODER is to convert the SMS into anIMAGE. The conversion of color image into grayscaleimage can be done using the algorithm proposed by C.Saravanan [1] which performs RGB approximation,reduction and addition of luminance and chrominance.The compression can be performed using the newrectangular partitioning lossless compression technique[4]. It involves the transmission of length and width ofeach rectangle instead of the location of the vertices. It isas shown below:

Fig.4. SMS_IMAGE ENCODER Process Diagram

The Steps involved in SMS_IMAGE ENCODER are:Convert the color image into grayscale image, Divide

the Image into smaller sections, Each Section is convertedinto its Binary form along with the header informationcontaining that sections position in the original image,Convert the Binary Data of each section into the SMSCharacters form of length maximum 160 characters. Themain function of SMS_IMAGE DECODER is to convertthe SMS into an IMAGE. It is as shown below:

Fig.5. SMS_IMAGE DECODER Process Diagram

The Steps involved in SMS_IMAGE DECODER are:Convert the received SMS of length maximum 160

Characters into Binary Data, Depending on the headerinformation, determine that sections position in theoriginal image and convert the characters into binary form,Arrange the received sections according to the header

information to regain the grayscale image, Convert thegrayscale image to original image.

VI. RESULTS

The proposed methodology is tested using the SinhgadCollege logo image. The Android SDK tool software hasbeen used for testing. The result mainly focuses on thenumber of characters generated from the color image andthe grayscale image and the total number of SMS’srequired for transmitting it without involving anycompression technique.Table 1: Experimental results of image conversion without

any compression.

As seen from the results, the number of charactersgenerated by color image is far more than the number ofcharacters generated by grayscale image. Hence,converting grayscale image into text requires less numberof SMS’s for sending as compared to color image.

VII. CONCLUSION

The “Image Transmission through SMS” helps people totransmit image efficiently and effectively even if internetconnection is not present using any mobile phone byconverting the image into SMS characters and thus onecan show any image or reference about the picture to otherperson who is far away using the SMS technique.

REFERENCES

[1] C. Saravanan, “Color Image to Grayscale Image Conversion”,2010, International Conference on Computer Engineering andApplications, Pages 196-199.

[2] Sherif A. Mohamed and Moustafa M. Fahmy, “Binary imagecompression using efficient partitioning into rectangular regions”IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 1888-1893, 1995.

[3] Pasi, F. and Olli, N., 1993. “Two-stage modelling method forcompressing binary images by arithmetic coding”. ComputerJournal 36, pp. 615–622.

[4] M. Kafashan, H.Hosseini, S.Beygiharchegani, P.Pad andF.Marvasti, New Rectangular Partitioning Methods for LosslessBinary Image Compression, 2010, ACRI.

[5] Bekir Karlık and Mustafa Sarıöz, “Coloring Gray-Scale ImageUsing Artificial Neural Networks”, 2009, IEEE.

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Technovision-2014: 1st International Conference at SITS, Narhe, Pune on April 5-6, 2014

All copyrights Reserved by Technovision-2014, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, PunePublished by IJECCE (www.ijecce.org) 176

International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer EngineeringVolume 5, Issue (4) July, Technovision-2014, ISSN 2249–071X

[6] Mrs. Smriti Kumar, Mr. Ayush Swarnkar, “Colorization of GrayScale Images in lαß Color Space Using Mean and StandardDeviation”, 2012, IEEE.

[7] European Patent Application EP1555840: Converting binarydata into SMS characters.

[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Message_Service[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OTA_bitmap[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayscale[11] LA Times: Why text messages are limited to 160 characters[12] http://www.sinhgad.edu/sinhgad-engineering-institutes/