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IMM ( Integrated Modifica0on Methodology) Sustainable Urban Design and Transforma0on. A case study. M. Tadi S.Vahabzadeh [email protected] [email protected]
Milan, 22nd October 2012.
Integrated Sustainable Urban Design: Neighborhood design proceeded by sustainable urban morphology emergence. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, UK 2012. Vol 155: p. 12. Urban Morphological Transformation Via Urban Constituent Optimization: A Sustainable Neighborhood Design Based On Integrative Modification Methodology. In: GBOD 2012. vol. In press. Shenyang, China; 2012: 10 Sustainable urban morphology emergence via Complex Adaptive System analysis. Procedia Engineering 2011, 21:89-97. A Sustainable Urban morphology for a greener City: Strategy Applied for a Sustainable-oriented Urban Design Design Principle and Practice USA 2012, In press:10. Sustainable Urban morphology for a greener city: an integreated approach for thr energy-efficiency of neighborhoods. In: GreenAge Symposim: 2012 2012; Mimar Sinan Fine Art University, Istanbul, Turkey; 2012: 12.
INTRODUCTION NEIGHBOURHOOD LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION
Crèdits
The Masterplan from Manuel Gausa
EXAMPLE P EIXAMPLE
RO OR
DEFINING THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ CONNECTIVITY
LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered
LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered 9 block leaves 150m radius
DEFINING THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ DIVERSITY
LEGEND case studies voids recovered voids being recovered
Energy consumed per person/year : 10.52 mwh
Energy consumed per person/year (only residen<al) : 2.96 mwh
Electrical energy consumed p e r p e r s o n / y e a r (residen<al) : 1.43 mwh
0
2000
4000
6000
8000 Electrical energy consumed
Residen8al energy consumed
Total energy consumed
640p /block
17058569 Mwh 2807514 Mwh 5615 Mwh
Energy consump<on of Barcelona
Actual Energy Situa0on Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhabitant 10.52 MWh/Inhab/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhabitant(ResidenNal Sector) 2.96 MWh/Inhab/Y Electricity ConsumpNon /Inhab(ResidenNal Sector) 1.43 MWh/Inhab/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon/ Inhab(TransportaNon Sector) 2.54 MWh/Inhab/Y Number of people in 41 Blocks 26240 Persons
Calcula0on at Intermediate level Total Energy consumpNon(41 Blocks) 276.0448 GWh/Y Total Energy consumpNon only in ResidenNal Sector(41 Blocks) 77.6704 GWh/Y Electricity ConsumpNon only in ResidenNal Sector (41 Blocks) 37.5232 GWh/Y Total Energy ConsumpNon only in TransportaNon Sector(41 Blocks) 66.6496 GWh/Y
0 50
100 150 200 250 300
CalculaNon at intermediate level(GWh/Y)
Total Energy ConsumpNon
Energy Consumed in ResidenNal Sector
PERFORMANCE -‐ ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
INTRODUCTION THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION
THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids
LEGEND case studies voids recovered
THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids COURTYARD PROPOSAL
exisNng void/street connecNons proposed void/street connecNons removed void/street connecNons
LEGEND
THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ connecNng the voids COURTYARD PROPOSAL
THE INTERMEDIATE SCALE -‐ Before and A_er modificaNons: intermediate scale intervenNon by modificaNon and integraNon of different layers
STAGES -‐ PROPOSED STREET NETWORK – REDUCTION OF CO2 TRANSPORTATION
1) 2.5% 2) 6.7% 3) 9.5%
LEGEND voids recovered green side walks pedestrian walk green nodes
Description 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stageNumbers of removing cars 120 324 456Energy saving [GW-‐h/year] 1.3 3.6 5.1Energy saving [%] 2.1 5.7 8.1CO2 Reduction [%] 2.5 6.7 9.5Trees in each street 2 5 10CO2 absoption [Kg/Y] 1900 4750 9500
CO2 Reduction [%] 0.35 0.8 1.7
INTRODUCTION NEIGHBOURHOOD LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION
19 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
PV ON FACADE
Hourly solar exposure / 25 may / facade SE Incident solar radiaNon / avg day / facade SE
Shades and solar path / 25 may / 9 blocks
20 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
PV ON FACADE AVERAGE DAILY SOLAR EXPOSURE
AVAIL. AVG INCIDENT TRANSMITTED MONTH Wh/m2 SHADE Wh/m2 Wh/m2 Light-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐Jan 1797 100% 335 166 0Feb 2810 94% 463 229 0,06Mar 4052 80% 602 298 0,2Apr 5410 77% 914 452 0,23May 6676 68% 1188 588 0,32Jun 7533 67% 1275 631 0,33Jul 6746 67% 1328 657 0,35Aug 6289 65% 999 494 0,22Sep 5228 78% 847 419 0,22Oct 3241 85% 615 304 0,15Nov 2050 93% 367 182 0,07Dec 1326 100% 312 155 0
21 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
COOLING A 100,000 BTUair condiNoner with a high seasonal energy efficiency raNo (SEER) of 14 requires around 7 kW of electric power for full cooling output on a hot day. This would require over a 7 kW solar photovoltaic electricity generaNon system.
A
B
A
B
325 s.m. verNcal panels: 150,15 avg daily kWh producNon
7 kWh has generated by 13 .m. inclinated panels in the roof
22 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
WIND
Facade Length (m) 61 Swept Area of a Turbine (m) 1 Space Between Turbines (m) 2.5
Space Needed at the beginning and end of Facade (m) 5.5 Number of Wind Turbines 15
Wind Speed 24km/h 6,67m/s
Wind Calcula0ons (kWh) Facade
South North SE SW NE NW
266.4 266.4 360 360 532.8 720
Yearly total (kWh) 1252.8
23 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
WATER RECYCLING
NOT POSSIBLE TO EXCAVATE
POSSIBLE TO EXCAVATE
A B
A
B
24 /88
PRODUCTION CONSERVATION
SHARING COMFORT
CAR / BIKE SHARING
Car Sharing CiNes Start Cars Users Parkings PopulaNon
Milano 2001 96 3.125 56 1.317.882
Roma 2005 107 1.945 61 2.754.440
Torino 2002 118 2.500 85 910.188
Venezia 2002 47 3.300 11 270.660
TOTAL 368 10.870 213 5.253.170
Users/Cars Cars/Parkings 29,53804348 1,727699531
Users Cars Parkings
1320 44,68 25,86
45 22
Blocks People/Block PopulaNon
44 600 26400
Bike Sharing CiNes Start Bikes StaNons PopulaNon
Milano 2008 5000 200 1.317.882
Paris 2007 20600 1450 2.193.031
Barcelona 2007 6000 400 1.621.537
TOTAL 31600 2050 5.132.450
People/Bikes Bikes/StaNons
162,41930 15
PopulaNon Bikes StaNons
26400 162,54 10,54
200 22
BLOCK INTERIOR CASE STUDIES
Paula Montal Gardens
M. MaNlde Almendros Gardens
Cesar MarNnell Gardens
Mercè Vilaret Gardens
CASE STUDY 1 – Jardins de MaNlde Almendros
Popula0on City Eixample 9 Blocks
1,621,537 266,874 4,619
Energy demand (MWh/p/year)
City Eixample Residen8al
10.52 10.52 2.968
No. Block 415 1
No. Inhabitant 266,874 640
Energy consump<on
792,082 1899.6
Roof area(sqm) 11,000 m2
Solar collector 3,300 Mwh
Facade area(sqm) 1,108 m2
Solar collector 222 Mwh
0
500
1000
1500
2000
exisNng suggested
energy consump8on
exisNng
suggested
1900 -‐ 1233 MWh
Energy gain per year :
CASE STUDY 1 – Jardins de MaNlde Almendros
CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL
1 building : 100.000 BTU cooling air condiNoner
Consumed : 7kW electric power
Required : 10 kW solar PV electric generated
Equal : 25 m2 inclinated panel on each roof
Total : 1000 m2 PV panel (10% roof covering)
SOLA
R PA
NEL
CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL
Energy saving : 40 * 14 * 365 =
~ 205 MWh 24% electrical energy
saving!
Offer : 20% roof covering SO
LAR PA
NEL
CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL
Personal consump0on:
50 L/day
10% of roof area
CorrecNon factor 70%
~ 360 MWh/year 40% electrical energy saving!
Capacity(per year) 514.8 KWh/m2
Area( % of roof area) 1000 m2
Tot Electricity generated/year 514800 KWh
Correc8on factor: 70% 360360 KWh/y
SOLA
R CO
LLECTO
R CASE STUDY 2 – Jardins de PAULA MONTAL
CASE STUDY 3 – Jardins de CÉSAR MARTINELL
PV Cell Calcula0on for roof
Capacity 0.5 KWh/m2
Area 4912 m2
Total Electricity generated/ day 2456 KWh
Electricity generated/ year 884160 KWh/y
Correc<on factor(Maintenance) 618912 KWh/y 0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
Energy Consumed in Building
Electricity Consumed In building
Electricity generated by PV Cells on Roof
PV Leaves on Southern Façade Considera<on opera<on <me (13 hours)
Leaf Size 0.051562 m2
Electricity generated by 1 leaf 4 W
Total area of façade 1410 m2
Number of Leaves 27345.7 Total Electricty generated due
to leaves per day 1422.0 KWh
Total Electricty generated due to leaves per year 511911.9 KWh
Total per year (70% correc<on factor) 358338.31 KWh
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
Total energy Consumed in Building
Total Electricity Consumed in Building
Electricty produced by PV Leaves
Energy Efficiency : 32.67%
Electrical Efficiency: 67.63%
Energy Efficiency : 18.91%
Electrical Efficiency: 39.15%
CASE STUDY 3 – Jardins de CÉSAR MARTINELL
Energy Generated By Solar Collector
Capacity per day 0.5 KWh/m2
Capacity per year 514.8 KWh/m2
Area(20% of half roof) 982.4 m2
Electricity generated/ year 505739.52 KWh/y
Correc<on factor(Maintenance) 354017.664 KWh/y 0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000 Energy Consumed By Residents
Electricity Consumed by Residents
Energy produced by solar Collectors
Energy Efficiency : 18.69%
Electrical Efficiency: 38.68%
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
Total Energy consumed by Residents
Energy produced
Total energy gain per year : 1331 Mwh !!!
Total Energy
effeciency
70.27%
CASE STUDY 3 – Jardins de CÉSAR MARTINELL
• Parks solar lights Park Solar Trees Electric Bicycle
Rain Water Collector
Total rainwater amount: ~ 95 m3
Peak season collecNon: ~ 50 m3
Gardening purpose
CASE STUDY 3 – Jardins de CÉSAR MARTINELL
CASE STUDY 4 – Jardins de Mercè Vilaret
Popula0on City Eixample 9 Blocks
1,621,537 266,874 4,619
Energy demand (MWh/p/year)
City Eixample Residen8al
10.52 10.52 2.968
No. Block 415 1
No. Inhabitant 266,874 640
Energy consumpNon
792,082 1899.6
Roof area(sqm) 11,100 m2
Solar collector 3,330 Mwh
Facade area(sqm) 1,150 m2
Solar collector 230 Mwh
1894 -‐ 1325 MWh
Energy gain per year :
0
500
1000
1500
2000
exisNng suggested
energy consump8on
exisNng
suggested
CASE STUDY 4 – Jardins de Mercè Vilaret
INTRODUCTION NEIGHBOURHOOD LOCAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION
Energy Calculation for Buildings at Global & Intermediate level
Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Residential Sector) 2.96 MWh/p/y
Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Transporatation Sector) 2.54 MWh/p/y
Total Energy Consumption/ person/ Y(Residential+Transporatation Sector) 5.5 MWh/p/yNumber of Blocks in Eixample= 500 numbersNumber of blocks at Intermediate level 41 numbers
Total energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 1 Block 1.89 GWh/YTotal energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 41 blocks(Intermediate level) 77.67 GWh/YTotal energy Consumed by Inhabitants in 500 blocks(Global, Eixample level) 947.2 GWh/Y
1.23 GWh/Y 0.57 GWh/Y Total Energy Produced= 1.33 GWh/Y Total Energy Produced= 1.32 GWh/Y
Efficiency= 65.0 % Efficiency= 29.8 % 70.3 % 69.7 %
04 Jardin Mercè Vilaret
Efficiency=
01 Jardin de Maria Matilda Almendros
Efficiency=
02 Jardin de Paula Montal 03 Jardin de Cesar Martinell
Total Energy Produced=
Total Energy Produced=
Summary of 4 projects
Report of the evalua0on of the global group over the design and proposals of the teams:
Shadow analysis: 1-‐ Figure 1 showing all possible sun posiNon in the sky. Sun is in a really low alNtude. 2-‐ shadow line inside the courtyard shows that The sun is entering the yard even when it is really in low alNtude. 3-‐ Any kind of solar radiaNon usage, like solar leaves is therefore possible inside the courtyard.
Figure 2. shows more specifically the division of solar energy production. 4 different case studies were analyzed.
Figure 3. shows the comparison between the actual consumpNon of energy of a block and the amount of energy which is being produced by renewable sources of energy.
Figure 1
4.36 GWh/Y77.67 GWh/Y5.61 %
Effect of 4 blocks at Intermediate level
Total energy Consumed in 41 blocksEnergy Produced by 4 designed Blocks
Efficiency
Energy Comparison between Actual and Proposed system for building sector
Energy Comparison between Actual and Proposed
system for Transportation sector
4.45 GWh/Y49.26 GWh/Y53.71 GWh/Y69.14 %
With maximum efficient system
37+4 Blocks with Jardin de Cesar Martinell Model at Intermediate levelEnergy Produced by 4 designed BlocksEnergy produced by 37 blocks Total Energy ProducedEfficiency
4.45 GWh/Y20.91 GWh/Y25.35 GWh/Y32.64 %Efficiency
With minimum efficient system
37+4 Blocks with Jardin de Paula Montal Model at Intermediate level
Energy Produced by 4 designed BlocksEnergy produced by 37 blocks Total Energy Produced
Total Energy Comparison for building and transportation sectors at intermediate level
Total Energy Comparison between three proposed systems.
With minimum efficiency of transportation and building energy system
5.75 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
3.98 %
Total Energy produced =
Total Energy Consumed
Efficiency
Energy saving with 4 Blocks + 1st stage Transportation System
Energy saving with jardin de Cesar model+ 3rd stage Transportation SystemWith maximum efficiency of transportation and building energy system
58.81 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
40.75 %
Total Energy produced = Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency
5.75 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
3.98 %Efficiency
Total Energy produced =
Total Energy Consumed
58.81 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
40.75 %
Total Energy produced = Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency
Energy saving with jardin de Paula Montal model+ 2nd stage Transportation SystemWith intermediate efficiency of transportation and building energy system
28.95 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
20.06 %
Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency
Total Energy produced =
Energy saving with jardin de Paula Montal model+ 2nd stage Transportation SystemWith intermediate efficiency of transportation and building energy system
28.95 GWh/Y
144.32 GWh/Y
20.06 %
Total Energy ConsumedEfficiency
Total Energy produced =
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