Immigrants Immigrants and Migrants and Migrants “ “ We are American We are American history.” history.” A Slight Paraphrasing of Oscar Handlin A Slight Paraphrasing of Oscar Handlin A Presentation by John J. Grabowski, Ph.D. A Presentation by John J. Grabowski, Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University, Western Reserve Case Western Reserve University, Western Reserve Historical Society Historical Society TAH Workshop, Akron, OH November 2009 TAH Workshop, Akron, OH November 2009
Transcript
Immigrants and Immigrants and MigrantsMigrants
““We are American history.”We are American history.”A Slight Paraphrasing of Oscar HandlinA Slight Paraphrasing of Oscar Handlin
A Presentation by John J. Grabowski, Ph.D.A Presentation by John J. Grabowski, Ph.D.
Case Western Reserve University, Western Reserve Historical SocietyCase Western Reserve University, Western Reserve Historical Society
TAH Workshop, Akron, OH November 2009TAH Workshop, Akron, OH November 2009
What, Who are We Talking About?What, Who are We Talking About?
Immigrants and ImmigrationImmigrants and Immigration Migrants and MigrationMigrants and Migration Emigrants and EmigrationEmigrants and Emigration
Ravenstein’s Laws – Why Do Ravenstein’s Laws – Why Do People Move?People Move?
Push FactorsPush Factors Usually NegativeUsually Negative
Pull FactorsPull Factors Often PositiveOften Positive
Work = Money = Individual Work = Money = Individual FreedomFreedom
Looking to the LandLooking to the Land
Looking to the Land -- SugarcreekLooking to the Land -- Sugarcreek
WorkWork
Work & WarWork & War
More Work!More Work!
Ravenstein Continued – How Do Ravenstein Continued – How Do People Move?People Move?
Technologies of Knowing When and Technologies of Knowing When and Where to MoveWhere to Move
Technologies of MovingTechnologies of Moving
Technologies of Cultural RetentionTechnologies of Cultural Retention
Who Are the “typical” Migrants and Who Are the “typical” Migrants and Immigrants?Immigrants?
What are the typical ages?What are the typical ages? What are the typical genders?What are the typical genders? What are the typical social levels?What are the typical social levels? Single or Married???Single or Married??? What are the typical occupations?What are the typical occupations?
The Nation of Immigrants– The Nation of Immigrants– A Quick Overview of A Quick Overview of
Immigration Periods in Immigration Periods in American HistoryAmerican History
Colonial Migration– ca. 1607-1790Colonial Migration– ca. 1607-1790
EnglandEngland Ireland – Scots IrishIreland – Scots Irish ScotlandScotland WalesWales German states and principalitiesGerman states and principalities France and HaitiFrance and Haiti ScotlandScotland SwedenSweden NetherlandsNetherlands AfricaAfrica
The “Old” Immigration, ca. 1820-The “Old” Immigration, ca. 1820-18801880
IrelandIreland England, WalesEngland, Wales The German States and PrincipalitiesThe German States and Principalities ScandinaviaScandinavia ChinaChina From within the United StatesFrom within the United States
East Liverpool – The Invisible East Liverpool – The Invisible ImmigrantsImmigrants
The “New” Immigration, ca. 1880-The “New” Immigration, ca. 1880-19211921
Southern Europe – Italy, Greece, etc.Southern Europe – Italy, Greece, etc.
Central Europe – Austria HungaryCentral Europe – Austria Hungary
Eastern Europe – RussiaEastern Europe – Russia
Asia – China (to 1882), Japan, Korea, Asia – China (to 1882), Japan, Korea, Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
Italy or Sicily?Italy or Sicily?
From Eastern and Central EuropeFrom Eastern and Central Europe
The Era of Restriction – 1921-1965The Era of Restriction – 1921-1965
Internal US – American South, Puerto Internal US – American South, Puerto RicoRico
Europe – Post WWII “Displaced Europe – Post WWII “Displaced Persons”Persons”
MexicoMexico Refugees from Communism – Cuba, Refugees from Communism – Cuba,
HungaryHungary Middle EastMiddle East
The “New” New Immigration – 1965 The “New” New Immigration – 1965 to the presentto the present
Initially from EuropeInitially from Europe Then predominantly from:Then predominantly from:
AsiaAsia Mexico, South AmericaMexico, South America The Middle EastThe Middle East
Who Do We Find in the Asia Who Do We Find in the Asia Plaza?Plaza?
Immigration Policy – Dates to Immigration Policy – Dates to RememberRemember
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act1882 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Federal Control of Immigration1882 Federal Control of Immigration 1891 Polygamists, Loathsome or 1891 Polygamists, Loathsome or
laws.laws. 1952 Walter-McCarren Act1952 Walter-McCarren Act 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act of
1965.1965. 1986 Immigration and Control Act1986 Immigration and Control Act 1990 Immigration Act – Diversity Lottery1990 Immigration Act – Diversity Lottery
CitizenshipCitizenship
NaturalizationNaturalization Federal and State DifferencesFederal and State Differences Federal Standards for ResidencyFederal Standards for Residency
1790 – two years1790 – two years 1795– five years (Federalists)1795– five years (Federalists) 1798– fourteen years1798– fourteen years 1801 – five years1801 – five years
Citizenship– The Right to “be” Citizenship– The Right to “be” American (slide 1)American (slide 1)
1790 – Free White Males1790 – Free White Males 1857– Dred Scott Decision1857– Dred Scott Decision 1866 – Civil Rights Act – All born in US, except 1866 – Civil Rights Act – All born in US, except
Indians, can become citizens Indians, can become citizens 1870 – African Descent1870 – African Descent 1887 – Dawes Act – Acculturated Indians1887 – Dawes Act – Acculturated Indians 1906 – Aliens, Ineligible to Become Citizens1906 – Aliens, Ineligible to Become Citizens 1907 – Women who marry Ineligible Aliens forfeit 1907 – Women who marry Ineligible Aliens forfeit
their citizenshiptheir citizenship 1922 -- Cable Act – Independent Citizenship for 1922 -- Cable Act – Independent Citizenship for
married women.married women. 1924 – All Native Americans are Citizens1924 – All Native Americans are Citizens
Citizenship– The Right to “be” Citizenship– The Right to “be” American (slide 2)American (slide 2)
1943 – Chinese can enter and also 1943 – Chinese can enter and also can become citizenscan become citizens
1946– East Indians and Filipinos can 1946– East Indians and Filipinos can become citizensbecome citizens
1952—All are eligible for citizenship1952—All are eligible for citizenship
What Happens to What Happens to Immigrants and Immigrants and
Migrants?Migrants?
Do They Become American?Do They Become American?
Or, Does America Change Or, Does America Change Because of Them?Because of Them?
WordsWords
AmericanizationAmericanization AssimilationAssimilation AcculturationAcculturation Anglo-ConformityAnglo-Conformity The Melting PotThe Melting Pot Cultural Pluralism/salad bowl, Cultural Pluralism/salad bowl,
mosaic, etc.mosaic, etc.
AcculturationAcculturation
AcculturationAcculturation
St. Charles, Missouri – Sprechen St. Charles, Missouri – Sprechen sie Deutsch?sie Deutsch?
Religion as Culture and CommunityReligion as Culture and Community
A Center for BeliefA Center for Belief A Center for A Center for
OrganizationOrganization A Center for A Center for
EducationEducation Assurance of Assurance of
ContinuityContinuity
German-Italian Cultural RetentionGerman-Italian Cultural Retention
Non-Coercive Americanization for Non-Coercive Americanization for the Football Fans in the Audiencethe Football Fans in the Audience
Assimilation – Truth, Justice and the Assimilation – Truth, Justice and the American Way Courtesy of Mr. Siegel and American Way Courtesy of Mr. Siegel and
Mr. SchusterMr. Schuster
Time Out! For MythsTime Out! For Myths Everyone came for freedom – wrongEveryone came for freedom – wrong Everyone came to stay – wrongEveryone came to stay – wrong The Statue of Liberty is all about The Statue of Liberty is all about
immigration – wrongimmigration – wrong We are a nation of immigrants – We are a nation of immigrants –
technically wrongtechnically wrong We were and are “the” destination –We were and are “the” destination –
Well, what about Turks in GermanyWell, what about Turks in Germany Who settled Chile?Who settled Chile? Where did Ghandi first practice law?Where did Ghandi first practice law? Suggested reading – Suggested reading – Cultures in ContactCultures in Contact by by
HoerderHoerder
Getting Your Students to Getting Your Students to See Immigration and See Immigration and
MigrationMigration
A Short Tour and Some Other A Short Tour and Some Other IdeasIdeas
Seeing and Reading Seeing and Reading CommunitiesCommunities
Language and Architecture as Language and Architecture as Cultural LandmarksCultural Landmarks
Getting Students Hungry Getting Students Hungry for Immigrationfor Immigration
Understanding By EatingUnderstanding By Eating
The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange
Is this American Food???Is this American Food???
Perhaps the Beginning of Pasta Perhaps the Beginning of Pasta ManiaMania
Mexican or Tex Mex?Mexican or Tex Mex?
A Final Student LessonA Final Student Lesson
We are (as Americans) what We are (as Americans) what we speak.we speak.
Seeing Migration in WordsSeeing Migration in Words OKOK WienerWiener SpielSpiel ChutzpahChutzpah BungalowBungalow FajitaFajita LagerLager KosherKosher Polish BoyPolish Boy
MariettaMarietta RavennaRavenna ToledoToledo ParmaParma ColumbusColumbus East LiverpoolEast Liverpool CuyahogaCuyahoga
Say It In American – Should we Say It In American – Should we Celebrate or Lament?Celebrate or Lament?
John ConnorJohn Connor: No, no, no, no. You gotta listen to the way : No, no, no, no. You gotta listen to the way people talk. You don't say "affirmative," or some shit like people talk. You don't say "affirmative," or some shit like that. You say "no problemo." And if someone comes on to that. You say "no problemo." And if someone comes on to you with an attitude you say "eat me." And if you want to you with an attitude you say "eat me." And if you want to shine them on it's "hasta la vista, baby.“shine them on it's "hasta la vista, baby.“
The TerminatorThe Terminator: Hasta la vista, baby.: Hasta la vista, baby.
John ConnorJohn Connor: Yeah but later, dickwad. And if someone gets : Yeah but later, dickwad. And if someone gets upset you say, "chill out"! Or you can do combinations.upset you say, "chill out"! Or you can do combinations.
The TerminatorThe Terminator: Chill out, dickwad.: Chill out, dickwad.
John ConnorJohn Connor: Great! See, you're getting it!: Great! See, you're getting it!
The TerminatorThe Terminator: No problemo.: No problemo.
The Heritage Factor – Talk to The Heritage Factor – Talk to GrandmaGrandma
