IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21 ST CENTURY by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D....

IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA

IN THE 21ST CENTURY

by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D.

Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis

University at Albany, SUNYEmail: [email protected]

Phone: (518) 442-4668

Opening Plenary SessionGlobal Realities: Intersections and Transitions

2005 Expert Summit on ImmigrationAmerican Psychological AssociationSan Antonio, Texas, February 2, 2006

Acknowledgements: Suzanne Macartney

● Immigration & the Creation of a New American Majority

● Family Strengths & Resources

● Major Challenges & Needs

● New Child-Based Community Data for Programs, Policy, Advocacy

– OVERVIEW –

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

American Indian (2000-2050 with NHOPI, Other)Asian/NHOPI (2000-2050 Asian alone, 2060-2100 includes American Indian)Black, Non-Hispanic Hispanic originWhite, Non-Hispanic

Figure 3. Percent of U.S. Children Ages 0-17 in Specified Race/Ethnic Groups, 1980-2100

Projections for 2000-2050 were released by the Census Bureau March 18, 2004. These projections take into account the much larger Hispanic population identified in Census 2000. Projections and estimates for other years are from an earlier series released by the Census Bureau January 13, 2000, and were based on the count of Hispanics in Census 1990.

61%50%

56%

84%72%70%

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

2000 2030

Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

Slide 4. Estimates and Projected Percent of Non-Hispanic Whites by Age 2000 and 2030

Presented by Donald J. Hernandez. Data is from the Population Projections Program, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Issued March 18, 2004.

Slide 5. Percent of Children in Immigrant Families: 1910, 1960, 1990 and 2000

28%

6%13%

20%

1910 1960 1990 2000

4/5 Citizen

s

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, 2000, public use microdata files.

Slide 6. Percent of Children in Immigrant Families by Region of Origin, 2000

87%

12%10%

2% 2%

62%

1%

22%

2% 1%

Europe North America Latin America Asia Africa Oceania

19102000

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Censuses 1990 and 2000, 5% Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

Children in Immigrant Families

● 1st generation -- foreign-born

● 2nd generation -- U.S.-born, with at least one foreign-born parent

Children in Native Families

● 3rd (and later) generations -- U.S.-born, with U.S.-born parents

Slide 8. Children in Immigrant and Native Families

● American Indian/Alaskan (many tribes)

● Asian (countries or origin)

● Black

● Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander (Pacific countries of origin)

● White

Slide 9. Race Categories in Census 2000

● Mexican

● Puerto Rican -- Mainland-origin -- (child and parents born on mainland) -- Island-origin -- (child or parent(s) born in Puerto Rico)

● Other specific countries of origin

Slide 10. Hispanic Origin Categories in Census 2000

● Country of birth (detailed)

● For children…parent’s country of birth available, if parents are in household

● U.S. citizenship

● No information on legal/refugee status

Slide 11. Country of Origin and Immigrant Status

in Census 2000

● Children ages 0-17

● Native race-ethnic groups as context

● 14 immigrant country/region groups with high poverty

● Child poverty rates

● Strengths then other Challenges

Slide 12. Approach for Results Presented Here

● Mexico, Central America (Latin America)

● Haiti, Dominican Republic (Caribbean)

● Hmong, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (Indochina)

● Pakistan/Bangladesh (Indian subcontinent)

● Afghanistan, Iraq (West Asia)

● Former Soviet Union

● Africa, blacks

Slide 13. Origins of Immigrant Groups with Especially High Child

Poverty

Slide 14. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families

Living in Official Poverty, 2000

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000, 5pct Public Use Microdata (PUMS) files.

8%

32%

28%

34%

21%

21%

8%

17%

24%

White

Black

Puerto Rican, mainland

Puerto Rican, island

Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian

Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander

Native American

Official Poverty

50% 100%

Slide 15. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families

Living in Official Poverty, 2000


30%

22%

32%

23%

40%

34%

28%

25%

22%

29%

26%

19%

20%

20%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam

Pakistan/ Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Official Poverty

50% 100%


Living in Basic Budget Poverty, 2000


27%

61%

60%

67%

51%

52%

28%

50%

53%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

BasicBugdetPoverty

50% 100%


Living in Basic Budget Poverty, 2000


76%

66%

75%

68%

84%

66%

65%

56%

50%

57%

65%

55%

46%

54%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

BasicBudgetPoverty

50% 100%


Living with Two-Parents, 2000


82%

44%

51%

62%

64%

62%

75%

67%

70%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Two-ParentFamily

50% 100%


Living with Two-Parents, 2000


85%

79%

63%

69%

90%

75%

85%

85%

86%

93%

88%

91%

88%

76%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Two-ParentFamily

50% 100%


Living with a Grandparent, 2000


5%

16%

14%

12%

17%

15%

13%

20%

13%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Grandparentin the home

50% 100%


Living with a Grandparent, 2000


13%

15%

16%

16%

20%

20%

20%

17%

15%

13%

9%

12%

12%

8%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Grandparentin the home

50% 100%

Slide 22. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Living with Four

or More Siblings in the Home, 2000


11%

17%

14%

17%

16%

14%

9%

22%

18%

White

Black

Puerto Rican,mainland

Puerto Rican,island

Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian

Hawaiian/ PacificIslander

Native American

4 ormoresiblings

50% 100%

Slide 23. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Living with Four

or More Siblings in the Home, 2000


26%

16%

12%

21%

75%

32%

38%

28%

17%

20%

23%

26%

16%

25%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

4 or moresiblings

50% 100%


Living with Other Persons, 2000


18%

33%

30%

34%

34%

31%

26%

39%

32%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

OtherPersons inthe Home

50% 100%


Living with Other Persons, 2000


48%

47%

44%

47%

49%

50%

47%

40%

42%

37%

40%

34%

27%

36%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

OtherPersons inthe Home

50% 100%


Living with Working Fathers, 2000


96%

87%

93%

96%

92%

89%

93%

83%

91%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

FathersWorking

50% 100%


Living with Working Fathers, 2000


92%

93%

87%

89%

75%

76%

83%

80%

90%

95%

90%

85%

90%

92%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

FathersWorking

50% 100%


Living with Working Mothers, 2000


75%

79%

71%

62%

74%

74%

76%

74%

73%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

MothersWorking

50% 100%


Living with Working Mothers, 2000


53%

65%

64%

77%

55%

57%

65%

60%

67%

38%

44%

46%

64%

75%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

MothersWorking

50% 100%

Slide 30. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with

Another Worker in the Home, 2000


13%

16%

15%

14%

20%

17%

17%

23%

16%

White

Black


Puerto Rican,island

Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Anotherworker inthe home

50% 100%

Slide 31. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with

Another Worker in the Home, 2000


29%

29%

22%

23%

20%

20%

24%

18%

23%

18%

17%

18%

14%

16%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Anotherworker inhome

50% 100%


10%

22%

37%

24%

22%

6%

13%

21%

19%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Fathernot H.S.Grad

50% 100%


with Father Not a H.S. Graduate, 2000


with Father Not a H.S. Graduate, 2000


69%

53%

44%

33%

51%

48%

45%

33%

32%

15%

15%

38%

11%

8%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Fathernot H.S.Grad

50% 100%


Father 0-8 Years of School, 2000


2%

2%

3%

12%

4%

4%

1%

2%

3%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Father 0-8Years ofSchool

50% 100%


Father 0-8 Years of School, 2000


45%

30%

19%

10%

41%

30%

29%

24%

14%

4%

4%

18%

2%

4%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Father 0-8years ofschool

50% 100%


with Fathers Not Working Full-Time, 2000


33%

19%

29%

35%

26%

16%

26%

37%

27%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

FathersNotWorking Full-Time

50% 100%


with Fathers Not Working Full-Time, 2000


35%

31%

38%

32%

44%

42%

38%

37%

30%

30%

36%

34%

33%

32%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

FatherNotWorkingFull-Time

50% 100%

Slide 38. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Father Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000


1%

1%

7%

37%

9%

8%

2%

5%

5%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

FatherLEP

50% 100%

Slide 39. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Father

Limited English Proficient (LEP), 2000


70%

60%

64%

48%

80%

70%

71%

55%

66%

35%

48%

48%

57%

18%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Father LEP

50% 100%

Slide 40. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Who Are



1%

1%

11%

24%

9%

8%

2%

4%

4%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

ChildLEP

50% 100%

Slide 41. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families Who Speak

English Very Well and Speak Another Language at Home, 2000


2%

2%

28%

54%

21%

21%

5%

12%

9%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

ChildPotentialBilingual

50% 100%

Slide 42. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Are



38%

28%

29%

20%

51%

33%

34%

27%

37%

23%

20%

23%

27%

15%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Child LEP

50% 100%

Slide 43. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Speak English

Very Well, and Speak Another Language at Home,

2000


53%

56%

62%

52%

45%

49%

51%

42%

48%

61%

66%

53%

57%

28%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

ChildPotentialBilingual

50% 100%


0%

0%

4%

17%

4%

4%

1%

1%

2%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

LinguisticIsolation

50% 100%

Slide 44. Percent of U.S. Children in in Native-Born Families

in Linguistically Isolated Households, 2000


in Linguistically Isolated Households, 2000


37%

33%

33%

23%

39%

30%

28%

22%

39%

20%

20%

24%

31%

12%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

LinguisticIsolation

50% 100%

Slide 46. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families Who Are Members of

Mixed-Citizen-Status Nuclear Families, 2000


66%

64%

55%

51%

55%

58%

57%

42%

34%

47%

43%

37%

34%

35%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Mixed-Citizen-StatusNuclearFamilies

50% 100%


61%

62%

57%

49%

48%

55%

65%

59%

55%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Pre/NurserySchool

50% 100%

Slide 47. Percent of U.S. Four-Year-Olds in Native-Born Families

Enrolled in Pre-k/Nursery School, 2000

Slide 48. Percent of U.S. Four-Year-Oldsin Immigrant Families

Enrolled in Pre-k/Nursery School, 2000


35%

43%

52%

60%

25%

29%

35%

50%

47%

47%

35%

43%

53%

61%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Pre/NurserySchool

50% 100%

Slide 49. Percent of U.S. 20-24 Year-Olds,

in Native-Born Families Who are High School Graduates, 2000

Source: Calculated by Donald J. Hernandez from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, 1998-2002.

91%

81%

73%

65%

79%

75%

94%

78%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian

Native American

H.S.Grad

50% 100%

Slide 50. Percent of U.S. 20-24 Year-Olds,

in Immigrant Families Who are High School Graduates, 2000


40%

77%

54%

85%

68%

79%

Mexico 1st Gen

Mexico 2nd Gen

Central America1st Gen

Central America2nd Gen

Dominican Rep.1st Gen

Dominican Rep.2nd Gen

50% 100%

H.S. Grad


Home Owned by Parents or Relatives, 2000


79%

42%

38%

34%

56%

56%

73%

50%

60%

White

Black


Puerto Rican,island

Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

ParentsOwnHome

50% 100%


Home Owned by Parents or Relatives, 2000


48%

42%

25%

49%

43%

44%

53%

57%

62%

45%

48%

61%

52%

41%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Parentsownhome

50% 100%

Slide 53. Percent of U.S. Children in Native-Born Families with Moderate or

Severe Housing Cost Burden, 2000


23%

40%

43%

46%

33%

34%

30%

36%

27%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

HousingCostBurden

50% 100%

Slide 54. Percent of U.S. Children in Immigrant Families with Moderate or

Severe Housing Cost Burden, 2000


39%

43%

50%

49%

38%

43%

34%

40%

38%

45%

58%

50%

39%

38%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

HousingCostBurden

50% 100%


Who Live in Overcrowded Housing, 2000


7%

22%

23%

32%

29%

26%

16%

40%

26%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian


Native American

Over-crowdedHousing

50% 100%


Who Live in Overcrowded Housing, 2000


67%

59%

48%

45%

82%

61%

61%

46%

47%

51%

41%

40%

37%

45%

Mexico

Central American

Dominican Republic

Haiti

Hmong

Cambodia

Laos

Thailand

Vietnam


Afghanistan

Iraq

former USSR

Africa, Blacks

Over-crowdedHousing

50% 100%


Not Covered by Health Insurance, 2000

10%

18%

16%

15%

22%

16%

10%

14%

White

Black



Mexican

Other Hispanic

Asian

Native American

No healthinsurance

50% 100%



Not Covered by Health Insurance, 2000

35%

30%

21%

44%

18%

14%

23%

Mexico

Central American

DominicanRepublic

Haiti

Indochina

formerUSSR/ Yugoslavia

Black Africa

No healthinsurance

50% 100%


Slide 59. Demographic Overview for Children in Immigrant Families

immigrant resources:• Two-parent families with other adults in home • Strong work ethic• Bilingual skills for U.S. economy• Homeownership, commitment to community immigrant challenges:• Low educational attainments• Much part-time, part-year work• Low health insurance coverage• High Poverty• Limited English proficiency• Low pre-k/nursery school enrollment

Slide 59 ”A”. Short-Term Economic Consequences of

Immigration

• Competition from new immigrant workers lowers wages mainly for earlier immigrants

• Immigrants benefit by earning higher incomes than they would in their country of origin

• Complementary immigrant job skills lead to better wages for native workers

• Complementary immigrant job skills lead to net gains in economic output of $1-$10 billion per year

• Consumers benefit from lower cost goods and services produced by immigrants

Source: James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston (eds.) (1997) The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Slide 59 ”B”. Long-Term Impact of Current Immigrants on

Government Taxes/Expenditures

For the average immigrant:

• State/Local benefits exceed taxes by $25,000

• Federal taxes exceed benefits by $105,000

• All taxes exceed benefits by $80,000

Therefore, the lifetime net contribution of the average immigrant to government treasuries is $80,000 Source: James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston (eds.) (1997) The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of

Immigration. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Slide 60. U.S. Infant Mortality Rate, 1989-1991

5.0

5.3

7.0

10.5

4.6

5.2

6.6

7.8

12.9

5.8Europe/ Canada/ Australia

Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico

Central/ South America

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

per 1,000 Births

Source: Nancy S. Landale, R.S. Oropesa, and Bridget K. Gorman (1999) “Immigration and infant health: Birth outcomes of immigrant and native-born women”. In Donald J. Hernandez (ed.), pp. 244-285, Children of immigrants: Health, adjustment, and public assistance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Slide 61. Percent of Adolescents with Asthma

11%

4%

17%

1%

4%

8%

8%

7%

17%

6%

11%

16%

12%

14%

18%

13%

20%

Europe/ Canada/ Australia

Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Kathleen Mullan Harris (1999) “The health status and risk behaviors of adolescents in immigrant families”. In Donald J. Hernandez (ed.), pp. 286-347, Children of immigrants: Health, adjustment, and public assistance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

4%

17%

24%

26%

22%

5%

19%

27%

39%

34%

27%

19%

23%

30%

30%

33%

21%


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Slide 62. Percent of Adolescents Who are Overweight or Obese (BMI > 85th Percentile)


1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

1 2 3 4

Slide 63. Mean Level of Psychological Distress among Adolescents (Index Ranges from 1 to 4)


2.7

2.9

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.8

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.0

3.1Europe/ Canada/ Australia

Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen2nd Gen3+ Gen

1 2 3 4

Slide 64. Mean Level of Positive Emotional Well-Being among

Adolescents (Index Ranges from 1 to 4)


27%

32%

38%

33%

36%

19%

33%

35%

46%

43%

26%

16%

34%

37%

40%

41%

41%


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Slide 65. Percent of Adolescents Who Missed School Last Month Due

to Health or Emotional Problem


10%

10%

18%

14%

14%

8%

21%

14%

26%

25%

31%

19%

22%

18%

30%

31%

34%


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Slide 66. Percent of Adolescents Engaging in Four or More Types of

Non-Violent Delinquent Acts


8%

18%

26%

17%

17%

10%

16%

22%

28%

25%

25%

23%

19%

27%

32%

33%

30%


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Slide 67. Percent of Adolescents Engaging in Three or More Types of

Violent Acts


18%

7%

16%

9%

9%

5%

20%

5%

16%

20%

18%

7%

25%

9%

20%

30%

30%


Africa/ Carribean

Puerto Rico

Mexico


Vietnam

1st Gen

2nd Gen

3+ Gen

50% 100%

Slide 68. Percent of Adolescents Using Three or More Controlled

Substances


Slide 68”A”. New Child-Based Indicators for States and Local Communities

Children in America’s Newcomer Families:Local Area Results from Census 2000

conducted by Donald J. Hernandez & Nancy A. Denton

Slide 69. Community Data Useful for Policies, Programs, Advocacy, and Philanthropy

funded by…• William and Flora Hewlett Foundation• Annie E. Casey Foundation• Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation• William T. Grant Foundation• Center for Law and Social Policy community data for…• 15 counties in California• 15 metropolitan area across U.S.• Additional selected states and cities, including … Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia … Atlanta, Boulder, Miami, New York City

Slide 70. Community Data for Children in Specific Immigrant and Native Groups

Children distinguished by

• Country of Origin, Immigrant Generation

• Race-Ethnicity, Age Topics include

• Language Proficiency, Citizenship

• Family Composition

• Schooling, Educational Attainments

• Employment, Occupation, Earnings, Poverty

• Housing, Neighborhood Situations

IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA

IN THE 21ST CENTURY

by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D.

Professor of Sociology and Center for Social & Demographic Analysis

University at Albany, SUNYEmail: [email protected]

Phone: (518) 442-4668

Opening Plenary SessionGlobal Realities: Intersections and Transitions

2005 Expert Summit on ImmigrationAmerican Psychological AssociationSan Antonio, Texas, February 2, 2006

Acknowledgements: Suzanne Macartney

Date post:	15-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
View:	216 times
Download:	1 times

IMMIGRATION AND DIVERSITY: TRANSFORMING AMERICA IN THE 21 ST CENTURY by DONALD J. HERNANDEZ, Ph.D....

Documents