Immigration and Immigration and UrbanizationUrbanization

Movement of People and Movement of People and Development of citiesDevelopment of cities

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration

46 million people 46 million people left their home left their home landland

Why?Why? Economic ReasonsEconomic Reasons To escape political To escape political

or religious or religious persecutionpersecution

23 million or 56% 23 million or 56% came to U.S.came to U.S.

Why?Why? Belief that U.S. Belief that U.S.

was a land of was a land of golden golden opportunitiesopportunities

Non-restrictive Non-restrictive immigration policyimmigration policy

Three Waves of Three Waves of ImmigrationImmigration

1830-18601830-18601860-18901860-18901890-19201890-1920

11stst Wave: 1830- Wave: 1830-18601860

22ndnd Wave:1860- Wave:1860-18901890

33rdrd Wave:1890-1920 Wave:1890-1920

Came From: Came From: Ireland, Britian, Ireland, Britian, GermanyGermany

Settled: Eastern Settled: Eastern cities of N.Y., cities of N.Y., Boston, Boston, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Chicago, Cinn., Chicago, Cinn., DetroitDetroit

Assimilation: easyAssimilation: easy

had some $had some $

skills: some; skills: some; started farms & started farms & worked in factoriesworked in factories

Language: most Language: most EnglishEnglish

Religion: Religion: ProtestantProtestant

5 million5 million

Came from: Came from: Britain, Germany, Britain, Germany, Ireland, Ireland, ScandinaviaScandinavia

Settled: E. cities Settled: E. cities (N.Y.) & mid west(N.Y.) & mid west

Assimilation: Assimilation: not as easynot as easy

had some $had some $

Skills: Skills: some;some;factoryfactory workers & workers & farmersfarmers

Language: some Language: some EnglishEnglish

Religion:ProtestanReligion:Protestant & Catholict & Catholic

10 million10 million

Came Came from:s/east from:s/east Europe; Italy, Europe; Italy, Greece, Hungary, Greece, Hungary, Poland, RussiaPoland, Russia

Settled: mainly Settled: mainly in N.Y. city & in N.Y. city & ChicagoChicago

Assimilation: Assimilation: difficultdifficult

had no $had no $

Skills: no skillsSkills: no skills

Language: did Language: did not speak Englishnot speak English

Religion: Religion: Catholic & JewishCatholic & Jewish

15 million15 million

Living in the CitiesLiving in the Cities

PositivesPositives Settlement houses Settlement houses

to help homelessto help homeless Political machines – Political machines –

helped immigrants helped immigrants find jobs + find jobs + housing; exchange housing; exchange for votefor vote

NegativesNegatives Crowded housingCrowded housing TransportationTransportation CrimeCrime SanitationSanitation firefire

Living in the CitiesLiving in the Cities Political MachinesPolitical Machines Organized group that Organized group that

controlled activities of controlled activities of political party in a citypolitical party in a city

Offered services to voters in Offered services to voters in exchange for political supportexchange for political support

Organized like a pyramidOrganized like a pyramid Bottom = local precinct Bottom = local precinct

workers who reported to workers who reported to Ward bossWard boss

Ward boss worked to secure Ward boss worked to secure vote in all precincts & vote in all precincts & reported to city boss (ex. reported to city boss (ex. Boss Tweed)Boss Tweed)

Racial IssuesRacial Issues Booker T. Washington – Booker T. Washington –

believed economic believed economic equality 1equality 1stst then then politicalpolitical

W.E.B. Dubois – W.E.B. Dubois – wanted political wanted political equality immediately; equality immediately; helped form N.A.A.C.Phelped form N.A.A.C.P..

1896 – Plessy vs. 1896 – Plessy vs. Ferguson; estab. Ferguson; estab. “separate but “separate but equal” doctrineequal” doctrine

Ethnic Enclaves & Ethnic Enclaves & TenementsTenements

Urban ProblemsUrban Problems

HousingHousing TransportatioTransportatio

nn CrimeCrime SanitationSanitation FireFire

Possible Possible SolutionsSolutions Settlement Settlement

HousesHouses Political Political

MachinesMachines

Beginnings of Civil Beginnings of Civil Rights Rights

WEB DuBoisWEB DuBois Booker T Booker T

WashingtonWashington Plessy v FergusonPlessy v Ferguson

Development of a New Mass Development of a New Mass CultureCulture

More Leisure TimeMore Leisure Time More InformationMore Information Better ways to Better ways to

Buy and SellBuy and Sell

Mass Culture cont’dMass Culture cont’d Mass Circulation of Mass Circulation of

PapersPapers Newspaper circulation Newspaper circulation

up 9xs betw. 1870-up 9xs betw. 1870-19001900

Newspaper chains & Newspaper chains & national press emerged national press emerged w/ standardized news w/ standardized news across countryacross country

““yellow journalism” – yellow journalism” – sensationalized stories sensationalized stories w/ goal to sell papersw/ goal to sell papers

Literature & the ArtsLiterature & the Arts Realism & naturalism Realism & naturalism

= major influences on = major influences on American writersAmerican writers

Influenced by growth Influenced by growth of industry & rise of of industry & rise of citycity

T. Dreiser & M. TwainT. Dreiser & M. Twain ArtArt – most major cities – most major cities

had museums; Ashcan had museums; Ashcan school = urban societyschool = urban society

Ex. Thomas Eakins, E. Ex. Thomas Eakins, E. HopperHopper

Mass CultureMass Culture New Means of Buying & SellingNew Means of Buying & Selling Increased purchasing power; middle class Increased purchasing power; middle class

emergedemerged Dev. of affordable products & new Dev. of affordable products & new

merchandising techniquesmerchandising techniques Amer. Learned to buy/prepare food Amer. Learned to buy/prepare food

differently w/ canned goods & refrigerationdifferently w/ canned goods & refrigeration Mail Order Catalog – Sears & Roebuck; Mail Order Catalog – Sears & Roebuck;

Montgomery Ward; people ordered from Montgomery Ward; people ordered from catalogs for products these stores soldcatalogs for products these stores sold

What do you see????

Uncle Sam

•striped pants

•stars on vest

•stars & strips top hat

•white hair and beardPersonification of the United States