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Immigration in Canada:A Portrait of the
Foreign-born Population
2006 Census of Canada
December 4, 2007
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
Annual flow of immigrants to Canada, 1901 to 2006
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1901
1906
1911
1916
1921
1926
1931
1936
1941
1946
1951
1956
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
Thousands
Opening and Settlement of the West
World War I1914-1918
The Great Depression and World
War II1939 to1945
Post-war economic boom and the acceptance of "Displaced Persons" from European countries after World
War II
Slow economy of the early
1980s
1978: Immigration Act became law
Canada has welcomed over 1 million immigrants during the first five years of the millennium
2002: Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
One in five were foreign-born, highest proportion in the population in 75 years since 1931
Number and Proportion of foreign-born in Canada, by census year
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2006
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Number
%
Sources: Statistics Canada, censuses of population, 1901 to 2006.
Proportion of foreign-born population, 2006
12.5
19.8
22.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
United States Canada Australia
%
Sources: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Census. United States Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey.
Canada’s proportion of foreign-born is lower than the Australia, but higher than the United States
Sources: Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, Waves 1 & 3.
Top reasons for choosing to come to Canada
• Improve future for family• Join family or close
friends• Education opportunity
Top reasons for staying permanently
• Quality of life• Positive future
prospects for family• To be close to family
and friends
4 years later
Family is the reason why many come and quality of life is why many remain
0
20
40
60
80
100
1971 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
%
United States
Central, South America, theCaribbean and Bermuda
Europe
Africa
Asia (including the MiddleEast)
Oceania and Other
Sources: Statistics Canada, censuses of population, 1971 to 2006.
Region of birth of recent immigrants (in Canada up to 5 years prior to Census year), 1971 to 2006
Most recent immigrants came from Asia, but its share was unchanged since 2001
The majority of the recent immigrants (85.8%) lived in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia
Distribution of total population and recent immigrants
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.6
2.3
2.9
3.1
3.6
10.4
13.0
23.8
38.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.7
2.8
9.3
16.0
17.5
52.3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nunavut
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland and Labrador
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Alberta
British Columbia
Québec
Ontario
%
Recent immigrants
Total population
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006.
Ontario and British Columbia had a higher share of recent immigrants than their population share
Relative ratio of recent immigrants to total Population of the provinces or territories, 2006
0.10.2 0.2 0.2
0.7
1.4
0.8
0.2
1.2
0.4 0.4
0.1
0.9
0.00
0.40
0.80
1.20
1.60
relative ratio
1.00 Equal share of recent immigrants to the share of the total population
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006.
Toronto has long been the major destination for recent immigrants, but some other urban centres (e.g., Calgary) have increased their share
Sources: Statistics Canada, censuses of population, 1981 to 2006.
Share of recent immigrants who settled in the largest CMAs, 1981 to 2006
30.7
13.011.3
5.4
2.7
19.617.3
41.4
14.213.0
3.6 3.8
16.2
7.7
43.1
11.9
17.6
3.8 4.0
14.6
5.1
40.4
14.913.7
5.23.2
16.8
5.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
Toronto Montréal Vancouver Calgary Ottawa - Gatineau Other CMAs Non-CMA
%
1981 1991
2001 2006
Some urban centres such as Toronto and Vancouver received a higher share of newcomers than their population share in 2006. But there was a shift from 2001, with Calgary and Montréal receiving a higher share
0.4
1.01.1
2.8
0.91.1
0.7
1.5
0.6
1.2
0.7
2.7
0.4
1.3
0.9
2.5
0.91.1
0.8
1.21.0
1.5
0.9
2.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
Halifa
x
Mon
tréal
Ottawa
- Gat
ineau
Toron
to
Hamilto
n
Kitche
ner
Lond
on
Win
dsor
Win
nipeg
Calgar
y
Edmon
ton
Vanco
uver
2001
2006
relative ratio
Sources: Statistics Canada, censuses of Population, 2001 and 2006.
Relative ratio of recent immigrants to total population of the given CMA, 2006
1.00 Equal share of recent immigrants to the total population
Foreign-born as a proportion of metropolitan population, 2006
45.7
39.636.5
34.731.7
28.9 27.9
20.6 19.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
Toronto Vancouver Miami Los Angeles Sydney Melbourne New YorkCity
Montreal Washington
%
Sources: Canadian cities – Statistics Canada, 2006 Census. United States cities – US Census Bureau, 2005 American Community Survey; Australian cities, 2006 Census.
Toronto and Vancouver led many of the largest metropolitan areas in the proportion of the foreign-born population
Proportion of foreign-born in selected census metropolitan areas, 2006
0 10 20 30 40 50
Kelowna
Oshawa
Winnipeg
Ottawa - Gatineau
St. Catharines - Niagara
Edmonton
Victoria
London
Guelph
Montréal
Kitchener
Windsor
Calgary
Abbotsford
Hamilton
Vancouver
Toronto
%
Immigrated between 2001 and 2006
Immigrated before 2001
Canada: 19.8%
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006.
In 2006, over 20% of the population in some CMAs, such as Hamilton, Abbotsford, Calgary, Windsor and Kitchener, were foreign-born
Percentage recent immigrants and total population in selected municipalities in Toronto CMA, 2006
59.8
16.7
9.6
4.2 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.7 0.5
48.8
13.1
8.55.1
3.2 4.7 3.2 1.8 1.7
0
20
40
60
80
Toronto City Mississauga Brampton Markham RichmondHill
Vaughan Oakville Ajax Pickering
%
Recent Immigrants
Total population
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
Recent immigrants were more likely to settle in the city of Toronto, Mississauga and Brampton
A majority of the population in certain municipalities in Toronto CMA was foreign-born
Number of recent immigrants % Recent immigrants % Foreign Born
City of Toronto 267,855 10.8 50.0
Mississauga 74,810 11.2 51.6
Brampton 42,890 9.9 47.8
Markham 18,870 7.2 56.5
Richmond Hill 12,360 7.6 51.5
Vaughan 11,120 4.7 44.9
Oakville 6,820 4.1 30.5
Ajax 3,170 3.5 30.7
Pickering 2,275 2.6 30.2
Newmarket 1,985 2.7 22.0
Top 10 municipalities in the Toronto CMA where recent immigrants settled in 2006
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
In the Montréal CMA, the majority of the recent immigrants lived in the City of Montréal
76,3
5,4 4,72,3 1,4 1,2 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,6
44,4
10,26,3
2,0 0,8 1,4 0,5 0,6 0,5 0,8
0
20
40
60
80
City ofMontréal
Laval Longueuil Brossard Côte-Saint-Luc
Dollard-DesOrmeaux
Mont-Royal Westmount Dorval Pointe-Claire
%
Recent immigrants
Total population
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
Percentage recent immigrants and the total population in selected municipalities in Montréal CMA, 2006
Three in 10 of the residents in the city of Montréal were foreign-born
Number of recent immigrants
% Recent immigrants
% foreign-born
City of Montréal 126,180 7.9 30.8
Laval 8,930 2.4 20.2
Longueuil 7,815 3.4 12.7
Brossard 3,745 5.3 33.4
Côte-Saint-Luc 2,300 7.6 45.4
Dollard-Des-Ormeaux 2,050 4.2 37.1
Mont-Royal 1,195 6.4 34.8
Westmount 1,135 5.7 29.2
Dorval 990 5.5 25.6
Pointe-Claire 940 3.1 22.9
Top 10 municipalities in the Montréal CMA where recent immigrants settled in 2006
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
Three-quarters of the newcomers in Vancouver CMA lived in just four municipalities: the city of Vancouver, Surrey, Burnaby and Richmond
28,7
19,3
14,412,4
5,92,8 2,7 2,4 2,3 1,5
27,2
18,7
9,6 8,35,4
2,8 3,9 4,62,1
4,4
0
20
40
60
80
City ofVancouver
Surrey Burnaby Richmond Coquitlam NewWestminster
NorthVancouver
DM
Delta NorthVancouver
CY
Langley
%
Recent immigrants
Total population
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
Percentage recent immigrants and the total population in selected municipalities in Vancouver CMA, 2006
Almost six in 10 of the residents in the municipality of Richmond were foreign-born
Number of recent immigrants % Recent immigrants % foreign-born
City of Vancouver 43,470 7.6 45.6
Surrey 29,230 7.4 38.3
Burnaby 21,790 10.8 50.8
Richmond 18,780 10.8 57.4
Coquitlam 8,930 7.9 39.4
New Westminster 4,250 7.3 31.7
North Vancouver DM 4,075 5.0 31.7
Delta 3,695 3.8 28.1
North Vancouver CY 3,470 7.7 36.5
Langley 2,350 2.5 17.1
Top 10 municipalities in the Vancouver CMA where recent immigrants settled in 2006
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
There was a diversity of origin countries, but the People’s Republic of China and India were consistently among the top source countries
Toronto CMA Montréal CMA Vancouver CMA
India People's Republic of China People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China Algeria India
Pakistan Morocco Philippines
Philippines Romania South Korea
Sri Lanka France Taiwan
Iran Haiti Iran
South Korea Lebanon United States of America
Russian Federation Colombia United Kingdom
Ukraine Pakistan Hong Kong, SAR
Bangladesh Mexico Russian Federation
Top 10 birthplaces of recent immigrants in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver, 2006
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2006.
The vast majority of the foreign-born people hold Canadian citizenship
• 85.1% of eligible immigrants are Canadian citizens
• 2.8% of the total population hold dual or multiple citizenships
• United Kingdom, Poland and the United States are the most common countries of citizenship among the multiple-citizenship holders
Canadian citizenship status(Total Canadian population)
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of population, 2006.
Canadian by naturalization
15%
Not a Canadian citizen 5.6%
Canadian by birth 79%
Upcoming 2006 Census releases
• January 15, 2008: Aboriginal peoples
• March 4, 2008: Labour (including labour market activity, industry and occupation); Place of work and commuting to work (including mode of transportation); Education (including school attendance and educational attainment); Language (including language of work)
• April 2, 2008: Ethnic origin and visible minorities
• May 1, 2008: Income and earnings; Housing and shelter costs