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Immigration
in the 1900s
“Old Immigration”When the 13
colonies were established, most
immigrants to America were
from England.
Before 1880, Most of the these people came from northern & western Europe. Majority were Protestants. They came to
escape religious & political persecution or economic opportunities
Ireland
England
France
“New Immigration”Between 1880-1924, most immigrants coming to the United States were from southern and eastern Europe
Italy
Poland
Greece
Russia
Mostly were Catholics & Jews. It also included people from Mexico; other nations in Latin American and Japan
Old vs New Immigrants
Spoke English Protestant Different
appearances and habits
They spoke little or no English
Catholic, Jewish, Orthodox Christian
Different appearances and habits
Extremely poor and uneducated
Onboard Ship
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor was the symbol of America to many immigrants looking for a new life
A Land of Hope
The millions of immigrants who sailed to America were greeted by the Statue of Liberty.
Immigrants coming into New York were stopped at Ellis Island
Ellis Island
Incoming immigrants were given a physical to check for
diseases and their criminal record was checked
With the huge numbers of immigrants, inspectors had just 2 minutes to complete the process and many immigrants had their last names changed by the inspectors because they didn’t have the time or patience to struggle with the foreign spellings
Stairs of Separation
As the immigrants walked up the staircase, U.S. Public Health Officials watched them for signs of a number of illnesses.
Inspection Line
Now began a series of tests that would determine their fate
Only 2 % were sent back 2% of 12 Million Would you like to have 2% of
$12 Million Dollars?
Medical Exam The Inspector
would take about 7 seconds to determine if the immigrant had any infectious diseases.
Medical Inspectors watched the people & marked them with chalk
The exam was frightening & embarrassing
Asked a Series of 29 Questions
The Same as Were Asked Before Leaving Europe
To See if Your Story Remained the Same
Immigrants that were detained for medical or other reasons stayed in these rooms, tightly packed with rows of bunk beds.
Making It Once All the Testing
Was Done, You Were Allowed to Leave the Island & Become an American
Or Become a “Bird of Passage” intended to immigrate temporarily to earn money; and then return to their homeland.
Ethnic Cities – Little Italy
Little Italy, New York City, circa 1901
By the late 1800s, immigrants made up a great portion of the country’s largest cities, including New York City, Chicago and Boston
Ethnic Cities - ChinatownImmigrants
lived in their own separate
neighborhoods – like Little
Italy or Chinatown –
and kept many of their former
traditions.
Chinatown, New York City
Asian ImmigrationDuring the late 1800s, the west coast (California) saw a boom in the amount of immigrants coming from Asia.
Most Chinese immigrants came to America because
over-crowding in China led to high unemployment, poverty
and famine.
Angel Island Asians immigrants arriving on the west
coast went through Angel Island in San Francisco.
The inspection process on Angel Island was more difficult than on Ellis Island.
Immigrants endured harsh questioning and a long detention in filthy ramshackle buildings
Adjusting to a New Land· Most immigrants settled in the cities of the NE & Midwest where they took unskilled jobs.
By 1900, lower Manhattan was the most crowded place in the world.
Gradually immigrants became “Americanized” assimilated into mainstream American society by learning its values and behaviors. Often it was the children of the immigrants who were first to become “Americanized”
The Rise of NativismThe flood of immigrants into
the U.S. worried many Americans who felt their way
of life could be changed.
Nativism is an extreme dislike for foreigners by native-born
people and a desire to limit immigration.
The Rise of Nativism
New immigrants were easy scapegoats for the fear of social change that many
experienced due to the rapid changes based on the
Industrial Revolution.
Workers blamed immigrants for low wages or shortages of employment. A resentment of foreigners crept into America’s attitudes.
· Chinese immigrants were frequently attacked, and occasionally killed, by racist mobs.
Anti-Asian Sentiment
· Many Americans feared they would lose their jobs to the Chinese. As a result; labor groups pressured politicians to restrict Asian immigration.
Asians were prohibited from buying land in California.
Seattle's anti-Chinese riot of February 8, 1886
Chinese Exclusion ActThe Chinese Exclusion Act
was the law passed by Congress that greatly reduced the amount of Asian immigrants coming to America in the late 1800s.
The law barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and
prevented the Chinese from becoming U.S. citizens.
The Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907)
Americans showed prejudice against Japanese immigrants as well.
In San Francisco; the local school board put all Chinese; Japanese; and Korean children in special Asian schools.
This led to anti-American riots in Japan.
Under the Gentlemen’s Agreement; Japan’s government agreed to limit immigration to the US in exchange for the repeal of the San Francisco segregation order.
Quota System (1924) This system established the
maximum number of people who could enter the United States from each foreign country.
The goal of the quota system was to cut sharply European immigration to the United States.
Favors “desirable” immigrants over others
The system achieved that goal!
Quota System
Intro to Immigrationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRTHdC7k4uY
Coming To America - Neil Diamond