IMMIGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN
UNION FROM THE THIRD
COUNTRIES
“Flexibility in a transnational and transitional labour market”
Welcome!
Members of the topic group:• Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite• Moisès Farrés Serra • Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce• Sofie Vlamings• Janine Slabbekoorn• Stefanie Balla
Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik
Overview
• Thesis• Ageing of the EU labour market • History and facts• Legislation• Consequences• Conclusion• Recommendation
• Immigration policy• Integration policy
Thesis
ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN
THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET
Ageing of the European labour market
Ageing societyPopulation Projections:
• Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years• Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much
smaller• Effect: gap on the European labour market
2005 2025 2050 EU (25 countries) 458.5 470.1 449.8
Effect of the demographic ageing
The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)
Shortage on the labour market
Effect of labour migration on employment 2005- 2050 in the EU-25
Employment 2005
Baseline employment
2050
No migration employment
2050
Immigrated labour 2005-2050
194 551 000 -31 926 000 (- 16%)
-54 449 000 (- 28%)
22 523 000
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN MIGRATION
• 1945 - 1960s - displacements of World War II, the return migration, inflows of workers
• 1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese,
Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans
• 1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life” factors, including environment and cost of living issues
• 2004 - 25 million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK)
History of migration
2000-2004EU-15 0.2%
Germany 0.6%
The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total population of the EU-15
2005 EU-25 Member States (except
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, the Netherlands, Estonia.)
POSITIVE
Net migration in the EU-25
Historical immigration figures
Population change
Source: Eurostat
Current legislation at European level
Community pillar(Freedom, Security, Justice)
Since 1999Treaty of
Amsterdam
Immigration policy
Current legislation on European level
The Tampere Agenda of the European Council(1999- 2004)
Achievements:• Family reunification• EU long-term residence status• Students, researchers
Current legislation on European level
The role of the Commission1. Several proposals for the implementation of a
common immigration policy2. Proposal for a Directive3. Soft law
Last initiatives of the European Commission• The communication “Migration and Development”• The Green Paper • The Policy Plan on Legal Migration
Current legislation on European level
Integration policies
• The Hague Programme• The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National
Contacts Point• Handbook on Integration• A Common Agenda for integration
• Financial resources: Integration Fund
Current legislation on national level
Quota basedsystemsITALY
SPAIN
Work as a key
No possibilityto enter
looking for a jobNeed for
Investigation and analysis of the
LM
Flexible SystemsBELGIUM
GERMANY
LITHUANIA
Special case:THE NETHERLANDS
Regulation in the market W
ork residence
General requirements
(other treaties)
Current legislation on national level
Current legislation on national level
The problemof qualified workers
Low skilled and high skilled divisions
The GERMAN model
Consequences on European level
• Gap on the European labour market will be filled• Growth of the employment rate• Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in
society and on the labour market• New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility,
education• More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions
Consequences for employers and employees
Employers (company level):• Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences• Need more flexible labour contracts• Have to adjust the recruitment canals• Cultural dialogue
Employees (from third countries):• More possibilities to get employed• More possibilities to get a better job position• Social and cultural difficulties
Conclusion
Ageing of Labour MarketShortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050)
In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to decrease the shortage on labour market
But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic ageing
Conclusion
Migration as a solution • Countries versus EU policies
• Integration of immigrantso Righto Duty
• Protection of rights of immigrantso Regulation of entranceo Policies for migrants
Recommendations
1. Immigration policy
2. Country related recommendations
3. Initiatives of the EU
4. Integration policy
1. Immigration policy
• Different canals for high skilled and low skilled employees = a selective migration
• Flexibilise the criteria of entrance: Canadian model
EU 3rd country (D)
Country A
Country B
Country C
A nurse
CentralizedEmployment
Agency(CEA)
CEA
CEA
Central employment
agency European Migration agency
Regional employment
agency(REA)
REA
REA
EURES
The proposal
2. Country related recommendations
Labour market versus Security and Public orderCanadian model
Belgium, the Netherlands
Italy, Spain
Germany
Lithuania
Manage the migrants inside
Manage the arriving flows of migration
Flexibilise the system;Canadian model
More admissions (based on needs)
3. Initiatives of the EU
• Soft law versus hard law
• Special institution: European Migration Agency
4. Integration policy
• Improve access to education • Cultural integration • Non-racist and intercultural approach• Equal treatment should be enforced• Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive
The End
Thank you for your attentionAny questions? Please dial Bart Roels